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Li W, Lei D, Huang G, Tang N, Lu P, Jiang L, Lv J, Lin Y, Xu F, Qin YJ. Association of glyphosate exposure with multiple adverse outcomes and potential mediators. Chemosphere 2023; 345:140477. [PMID: 37858770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is a widely used herbicide with potential adverse effects on public health. However, the current epidemiological evidence is limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential associations between exposure to GLY and multiple health outcomes. The data on urine GLY concentration and nine health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, chronic kidney disease (CKD), hepatic steatosis, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and neurodegenerative diseases (NGDs), were extracted from NHANES (2013-2016). The associations between GLY exposure and each health outcome were estimated using reverse-scale Cox regression and logistic regression. Furthermore, mediation analysis was conducted to identify potential mediators in the significant associations. The dose-response relationships between GLY exposure with health outcomes and potential mediators were analyzed using restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. The findings of the study revealed that individuals with higher urinary concentrations of GLY had a higher likelihood of having T2DM, hypertension, CVD and obesity (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). In the reverse-scale Cox regression, a notable association was solely discerned between exposure to GLY and the risk of T2DM (adjusted HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.36). Consistent outcomes were also obtained via logistic regression analysis, wherein the adjusted OR and 95% CI for T2DM were determined to be 1.30 (1.12, 1.52). Moreover, the present investigation identified serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) as a mediator in this association, with a mediating effect of 7.14% (p = 0.040). This mediating effect was further substantiated by RCS regression, wherein significant dose-response associations were observed between GLY exposure and an increased risk of T2DM (p = 0.002) and reduced levels of HDL (p = 0.001). Collectively, these findings imply an association between GLY exposure and an increased risk of T2DM in the general adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daizai Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Guangyi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ningning Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunru Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Yuan-Jun Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
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González-Moscoso M, Meza-Figueroa D, Martínez-Villegas NV, Pedroza-Montero MR. GLYPHOSATE IMPACT on human health and the environment: Sustainable alternatives to replace it in Mexico. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139810. [PMID: 37598951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide used to control weeds and protect agricultural crops, and it is classified as potentially carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In Mexico, the use of pesticides is a common practice, including glyphosate. However, on December 31st, 2020, the Mexican government decreed the prohibition of this herbicide as of January 2024. In this review, we investigate the association between glyphosate and cancer risk and found that most of the studies focused using animals showing negative effects such as genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity, some studies used cancer cell lines showing proliferative effects due to glyphosate exposure. To our knowledge, in Mexico, there are no scientific reports on the association of glyphosate with any type of cancer. In addition, we reviewed the toxicological effects of the herbicide glyphosate, and the specific case of the current situation of the use and environmental damage of this herbicide in Mexico. We found that few studies have been published on glyphosate, and that the largest number of publications are from the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification to date. Additionally, we provide data on glyphosate stimulation at low doses as a biostimulant in crops and analytical monitoring techniques for the detection of glyphosates in different matrices. Finally, we have tried to summarize the actions of the Mexican government to seek sustainable alternatives and replace the use of glyphosate, to obtain food free of this herbicide and take care of the health of the population and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magín González-Moscoso
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas (UPChiapas), Carretera Tuxtla Gutierrez.-Portillo Zaragoza Km 21+500, Col. Las Brisas, Suchiapa, 29150, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Martín Rafael Pedroza-Montero
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
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3
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Rana I, Nguyen PK, Rigutto G, Louie A, Lee J, Smith MT, Zhang L. Mapping the key characteristics of carcinogens for glyphosate and its formulations: A systematic review. Chemosphere 2023; 339:139572. [PMID: 37474029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate was classified as a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) partially due to strong mechanistic evidence in 2015. Since then, numerous studies of glyphosate and its formulations (GBF) have emerged. These studies can be evaluated for cancer hazard identification with the newly described ten key characteristics (KC) of carcinogens approach. Our objective was to assess all in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro mechanistic studies of human and experimental animals (mammals) that compared exposure to glyphosate/GBF with low/no exposure counterparts for evidence of the ten KCs. A protocol with our methods adhering to PRISMA guidelines was registered a priori (INPLASY202180045). Two blinded reviewers screened all in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies of glyphosate/GBF exposure in humans/mammals reporting any KC-related outcome available in PubMed before August 2021. Studies that met inclusion criteria underwent data extraction conducted in duplicate for each KC outcome reported along with key aspects of internal/external validity, results, and reference information. These data were used to construct a matrix that was subsequently analyzed in the program R to conduct strength of evidence and quality assessments. Of the 2537 articles screened, 175 articles met inclusion criteria, from which we extracted >50,000 data points related to KC outcomes. Data analysis revealed strong evidence for KC2, KC4, KC5, KC6, KC8, limited evidence for KC1 and KC3, and inadequate evidence for KC7, KC9, and KC10. Notably, our in-depth quality analyses of genotoxicity (KC2) and endocrine disruption (KC8) revealed strong and consistent positive findings. For KC2, we found: 1) studies conducted in humans and human cells provided stronger positive evidence than counterpart animal models; 2) GBF elicited a stronger effect in both human and animal systems when compared to glyphosate alone; and 3) the highest quality studies in humans and human cells consistently revealed strong evidence of genotoxicity. Our analysis of KC8 indicated that glyphosate's ability to modulate hormone levels and estrogen receptor activity is sensitive to both exposure concentration and formulation. The modulations observed provide clear evidence that glyphosate interacts with receptors, alters receptor activation, and modulates the levels and effects of endogenous ligands (including hormones). Our findings strengthen the mechanistic evidence that glyphosate is a probable human carcinogen and provide biological plausibility for previously reported cancer associations in humans, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We identified potential molecular interactions and subsequent key events that were used to generate a probable pathway to lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iemaan Rana
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Patton K Nguyen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Gabrielle Rigutto
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Allen Louie
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jane Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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Lu J, Zhang C, Wang W, Xu W, Chen W, Tao L, Li Z, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Exposure to environmental concentrations of glyphosate induces cardiotoxicity through cellular senescence and reduced cell proliferation capacity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 261:115112. [PMID: 37290295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY), the preeminent herbicide utilized globally, is known to be exposed to the environment and population on a chronic basis. Exposure to GLY and the consequent health risks are alarming public health problems that are attracting international attention. However, the cardiotoxicity of GLY has been a matter of dispute and uncertainty. Here, AC16 cardiomyocytes and zebrafish were exposed to GLY. This study found that low concentrations of GLY lead to morphological enlargement of AC16 human cardiomyocytes, indicating a senescent state. The increased expression of P16, P21, and P53 following exposure to GLY demonstrated that GLY causes senescence in AC16. Moreover, it was mechanistically confirmed that GLY-induced senescence in AC16 cardiomyocytes was produced by ROS-mediated DNA damage. In terms of in vivo cardiotoxicity, GLY decreased the proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes in zebrafish through the notch signaling pathway, resulting in a reduction of cardiomyocytes. It was also found that GLY caused zebrafish cardiotoxicity associated with DNA damage and mitochondrial damage. KEGG analysis after RNA-seq shows a significant enrichment of protein processing pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after GLY exposure. Importantly, GLY induced ER stress in AC16 cells and zebrafish by activating PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway. Our study has thus provided the first novel insights into the mechanism underlying GLY-induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the need for increased attention to the potential cardiotoxic effects of GLY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology,UT southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Jayaraman S, Krishnamoorthy K, Prasad M, Veeraraghvan VP, Krishnamoorthy R, Alshuniaber MA, Gatasheh MK, Elrobh M. Glyphosate potentiates insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through the modulation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt mediated mechanisms: An in vivo and in silico analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124917. [PMID: 37207753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides have been linked to a higher risk of developing diabetes. Certain herbicides also operate as environmental toxins. Glyphosate is a popular and extremely effective herbicide for weed control in grain crops that inhibits the shikimate pathway. It has been shown to negatively influence endocrine function. Few studies have demonstrated that glyphosate exposure results in hyperglycemic and insulin resistance; but the molecular mechanism underlying the diabetogenic potential of glyphosate on skeletal muscle, a primary organ that includes insulin-mediated glucose disposal, is unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of glyphosate on the detrimental changes in the insulin metabolic signaling in the gastrocnemius muscle. In vivo results showed that glyphosate exposure caused hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver function, kidney function profile, and oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent fashion. Conversely, hemoglobin and antioxidant enzymes were significantly reduced in glyphosate-induced animals indicating its toxicity is linked to induce insulin resistance. The histopathology of the gastrocnemius muscle and RT-PCR analysis of insulin signaling molecules revealed glyphosate-induced alteration in the expression of IR, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, β-arrestin-2, and GLUT4 mRNA. Lastly, molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed that glyphosate showed a high binding affinity with target molecules such as Akt, IRS-1, c-Src, β-arrestin-2, PI3K, and GLUT4. The current work provides experimental proof that glyphosate exposure has a deleterious effect on the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which in turn causes the skeletal muscle to become insulin resistant and eventually develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Kalaiselvi Krishnamoorthy
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Monisha Prasad
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghvan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Alshuniaber
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Elrobh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Alvarez-Moya C, Reynoso-Silva M. Assessment of Genetic Damage Induced via Glyphosate and Three Commercial Formulations with Adjuvants in Human Blood Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36901992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable controversy regarding the genotoxicity of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine). It has been suggested that the genotoxicity of this herbicide is increased by the adjuvants added to commercial formulations based on glyphosate. The effect of various concentrations of glyphosate and three commercial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) on human lymphocytes was evaluated. Human blood cells were exposed to glyphosates of 0.1, 1, 10 and 50 mM as well as to equivalent concentrations of glyphosate on commercial formulations. Genetic damage (p < 0.05) was observed in all concentrations with glyphosate and with FAENA and TACKLE formulations. These two commercial formulations showed genotoxicity that was concentration-dependent but in a higher proportion compared to pure glyphosate only. Higher glyphosate concentrations increased the frequency and range of tail lengths of some migration groups, and the same was observed for FAENA and TACKLE, while in CENTELLA the migration range decreased but the frequency of migration groups increased. We show that pure glyphosate and commercial GBH (FAENA, TACKLE and CENTELLA) gave signals of genotoxicity in human blood samples in the comet assay. The genotoxicity increased in the formulations, indicating genotoxic activity also in the added adjuvants present in these products. The use of the MG parameter allowed us to detect a certain type of genetic damage associated with different formulations.
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Bitencourt de Morais Valentim JM, Fagundes TR, Okamoto Ferreira M, Lonardoni Micheletti P, Broto Oliveira GE, Cremer Souza M, Geovana Leite Vacario B, da Silva JC, Scandolara TB, Gaboardi SC, Zanetti Pessoa Candiotto L, Mara Serpeloni J, Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva F, Panis C. Monitoring residues of pesticides in food in Brazil: A multiscale analysis of the main contaminants, dietary cancer risk estimative and mechanisms associated. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1130893. [PMID: 36908412 PMCID: PMC9992878 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1130893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pesticides pose a risk for cancer development and progression. People are continuously exposed to such substances by several routes, including daily intake of contaminated food and water, especially in countries that are highly pesticide consumers and have very permissive legislation about pesticide contamination as Brazil. This work investigated the relationship among pesticides, food contamination, and dietary cancer risk. Methods Analyzed two social reports from the Brazilian Government: the Program for Analysis of Residues of Pesticides in Food (PARA) and The National Program for Control of Waste and Contaminants (PNCRC). Results and discussion First, we characterized the main pesticide residues detected over the maximum limits allowed by legislation or those prohibited for use in food samples analyzed across the country. Based on this list, we estimated the dietary cancer risks for some of the selected pesticides. Finally, we searched for data about dietary cancer risks and carcinogenic mechanisms of each pesticide. We also provided a critical analysis concerning the pesticide scenario in Brazil, aiming to discuss the food contamination levels observed from a geographical, political, and public health perspective. Exposures to pesticides in Brazil violate a range of human rights when food and water for human consumption are contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiane Renata Fagundes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Mariane Okamoto Ferreira
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milena Cremer Souza
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Shaiane Carla Gaboardi
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Blumenau, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Blumenau, Brazil
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Tizhe EV, Igbokwe IO, Njoku CO, Fatihu MY, Tizhe UD, Ibrahim NDG, Unanam ES, Korzerzer RM. Effect of zinc supplementation on immunotoxicity induced by subchronic oral exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (GOBARA®) in Wistar rats. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605221147188. [PMID: 36636770 PMCID: PMC9841866 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221147188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on immunotoxicity induced by subchronic oral exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH). METHODS Sixty adult male Wistar rats randomly divided equally into six groups were exposed to GBH by gavage daily for 16 weeks with or without zinc pretreatment. Group DW rats received distilled water (2 mL/kg), group Z rats received zinc (50 mg/kg), and group G1 and G2 rats received 187.5 and 375 mg/kg GBH, respectively. Group ZG1 and ZG2 rats were pretreated with 50 mg/kg zinc before exposure to 187.5 and 375 mg/kg GBH, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgE) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spleen, submandibular lymph node, and thymus samples were processed for histopathology. RESULTS Exposure to GBH (G1 and G2) significantly increased serum TNF-α concentrations and significantly decreased serum IgG and IgM concentrations compared with the control levels. Moderate-to-severe lymphocyte depletion occurred in the spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus in the GBH-exposed groups. Zinc supplementation mitigated the immunotoxic effects of GBH exposure. CONCLUSIONS GBH exposure increased pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, decreased immunoglobulin production, and depleted lymphocytes in lymphoid organs in rats, but zinc supplementation mitigated this immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel V Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria,Emmanuel Vandi Tizhe, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Naraguta Campus, Ground Floor Room 3, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084, Jos, Plateau State 930001, Nigeria.
| | - Ikechukwu O Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Celestine O Njoku
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Y Fatihu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ussa D Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Najume DG Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Essienifiok S Unanam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Rachel M Korzerzer
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
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Liu J, Liu M, Xiong F, Xu K, Pu Y, Huang J, Zhang J, Yin L, Pu Y, Sun R. Effects of glyphosate exposure on the miRNA expression profile and construction of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in mouse bone marrow cells. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:22. [PMID: 36572786 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunqiu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Ferguson S, Mesnage R, Antoniou MN. Cytotoxicity Mechanisms of Eight Major Herbicide Active Ingredients in Comparison to Their Commercial Formulations. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10110711. [PMID: 36422919 PMCID: PMC9699558 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Commercial pesticide formulations contain co-formulants, which are generally considered as having no toxic effects in mammals. This study aims to compare the toxicity of 8 major herbicide active ingredients-namely glyphosate, dicamba, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr, quizalofop-p-ethyl, pendimethalin, propyzamide and metazachlor-with a typical commercial formulation of each active ingredient. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress capability was assessed in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Using an MTT assay, formulations of glyphosate (Roundup Probio), fluroxypyr (Hurler), quizalofop-p-ethyl (Targa Super) and dicamba (Hunter) were more toxic than the active ingredient alone. Metazachlor and its formulation Sultan had similar cytotoxicity profiles. Cytotoxicity profiles were comparable in immortalised human fibroblasts. Toxilight necrosis assays showed the formulation of metazachlor (Sultan50C) resulted in significant membrane disruption compared to the active ingredient. Generation of reactive oxygen species was detected for glyphosate, fluroxypyr, pendimethalin, quizalofop-p-ethyl, the formulation of 2,4-D (Anti-Liserons), and dicamba and its formulation Hunter. Further testing of quizalofop-p-ethyl and its formulation Targa Super in the ToxTracker assay system revealed that both products induced oxidative stress and an unfolded protein response. In conclusion, these results show that most herbicide formulations tested in this study are more toxic than their active ingredients in human tissue culture cell model systems. The results add to a growing body of evidence, which implies that commercial herbicide formulations and not just their active ingredients should be evaluated in regulatory risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Ferguson
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Wilhelmi-Beck-Straße 27, 88662 Überlingen, Germany
| | - Michael N. Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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11
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Li J, Chen WJ, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Lei Q, Wu S, Huang Y, Mishra S, Bhatt P, Chen S. Effects of Free or Immobilized Bacterium Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila Y4B on Glyphosate Degradation Performance and Indigenous Microbial Community Structure. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:13945-13958. [PMID: 36278819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of glyphosate has resulted in serious environmental contamination. Thus, effective techniques to remove glyphosate from the environment are required. Herein, we isolated a novel strain Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila Y4B, which completely degraded glyphosate and its major metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). Y4B degraded glyphosate over a broad concentration range (50-800 mg L-1), with a degradation efficiency of over 98% within 72 h (50 mg L-1). Y4B degraded glyphosate via the AMPA pathway by cleaving the C-N bond, followed by degradation of AMPA and subsequent metabolism. Y4B demonstrated strong competitiveness and substantially accelerated the degradation of glyphosate in different soils, degrading 71.93 and 89.81% of glyphosate (400 mg kg-1) within 5 days in sterile and nonsterile soils, respectively. The immobilized cells of Y4B were more efficient than their free cells and they displayed excellent biodegradation efficiency in a sediment-water system. Taken together, Y4B is an ideal degrader for the bioremediation of glyphosate-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Wen-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Qiqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Siyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Environmental Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow226001, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette47906, United States
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou510642, China
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12
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E Z, Zhao Y, Sun J, Zhang X, Jin Q, Gao Q. Glyphosate decreases bovine oocyte quality by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. ZYGOTE 2022; 30:704-711. [PMID: 35677960 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a universal herbicide with genital toxicity, but the effect of glyphosate on oocytes has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of glyphosate (0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mM) on bovine oocyte in vitro maturation. We showed that 50 mM glyphosate adversely affects the development of bovine oocytes. Exposure of oocytes to 50 mM glyphosate caused an abnormal reduction in oxidative (redox) levels compared with that in the control group, with a significantly higher reactive oxide species level (P < 0.05) and significantly lower glutathione (GSH) expression (P < 0.05). Additionally, the mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (SOD1, SOD2, SIRT2, SIRT3) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with 50 mM glyphosate-induced apoptosis, and the mRNA levels of the apoptotic genes Caspase-3 and Caspase-4 were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05); however, the mRNA level of BAX was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Additionally, the mRNA levels of the anti-apoptotic genes Survivin and BCL-XL were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and oocyte quality was adversely affected. Together, our results confirmed that glyphosate impairs the quality of oocytes by promoting abnormal oocyte redox levels and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang E
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center of Yanbian Yellow Cattle Resources Reservation, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center of Yanbian Yellow Cattle Resources Reservation, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center of Yanbian Yellow Cattle Resources Reservation, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center of Yanbian Yellow Cattle Resources Reservation, China
| | - Qingguo Jin
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center of Yanbian Yellow Cattle Resources Reservation, China
| | - Qingshan Gao
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center of Yanbian Yellow Cattle Resources Reservation, China
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13
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Bhardwaj JK, Mittal M, Saraf P, Sharma S. Ameliorative potential of vitamin C and E against Roundup-glyphosate induced genotoxicity triggering apoptosis in caprine granulosa cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 2022; 63:246-254. [PMID: 35770910 DOI: 10.1002/em.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the genotoxic and apoptotic effects of glyphosate (GLP) in Roundup formulation along with mitigation of two potent antioxidants that is, vitamin C and E in caprine granulosa cells in vitro. The entire work was done in a dose and time dependent manner where different concentrations of GLP (0.1, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/ml) in Roundup and antioxidants (0.5 and 1.0 mM) were employed to culture of granulosa cells for exposure durations of 24, 48, and 72 h. Analysis of GLP-induced geno-toxicity was accomplished by using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) assay. Results have shown increased incidences of DNA fragmentation, evidenced by presence of different types of comets (Type 1-Type 4) in Roundup-GLP- exposed groups in contrast to the control group (Type 0 comet). However, mitigation by both vitamin C and E was significant (p < .05) in combating the GLP-induced genotoxicity in granulosa cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The results of our study provide a clear indication of the ameliorative actions of vitamin C and E against Roundup-GLP-induced genotoxicity that instigate apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells of caprine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Meenu Mittal
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Saraf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Department of Library and Information Science, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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14
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He Y, Xiong F, Qian Y, Xu K, Pu Y, Huang J, Liu M, Yin L, Zhang J, Pu Y, Sun R. Hematological effects of glyphosate in mice revealed by traditional toxicology and transcriptome sequencing. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 92:103866. [PMID: 35489704 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate is being used worldwide. Hematological toxicity caused by glyphosate exposure has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, classical toxicology methods and RNA sequencing were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms related to glyphosate hematotoxicity. We found that 500 mg/kg b.w. glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) significantly decreased leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, as well as inhibited colony-forming abilities of CFU-GM, CFU-G and CFU-GEMM. RNA sequencing identified 82 and 48 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BM cells after treatment with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg GBH, respectively. Meanwhile, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the MAPK signaling pathway, hematopoietic cell lineage and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions were vital pathways involved in GBH-induced toxicity in BM cells. Notably, Nr4a, Fos, Thbs1 and tnfrsf19 contributed to the hematotoxicity of GBH by regulating hematopoietic stem cell functions. In summary, our efforts enhance the understanding of the glyphosate hematotoxic responses and facilitate future studies on its corresponding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongkang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunqiu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Husak V, Strutynska T, Burdyliuk N, Pitukh A, Bubalo V, Falfushynska H, Strilbytska O, Lushchak O. Low-toxic herbicides Roundup and Atrazine disturb free radical processes in Daphnia in environmentally relevant concentrations. EXCLI J 2022; 21:595-609. [PMID: 35651660 PMCID: PMC9150014 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of glyphosate-based Roundup and triazine herbicide Atrazine has increased markedly in last decades. Thus, it is important to evaluate toxic effects of these herbicides to non-targeted organisms such as zooplankton to understand their safety toward aquatic ecosystems. In the current study, we performed Daphnia toxicity tests based on lethality to identify LC50 that provides acute aquatic toxicity classification criteria. LC50 for Roundup exposure for 24 hours was found to be 0.022 mg/L and 48 hours - 0.0008 mg/L. Atrazine showed LC50 at concentrations of 40 mg/L and 7 mg/L for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. We demonstrated that exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of Roundup or Atrazine decreases lipid peroxidation and protein thiol levels, however caused increase in carbonyl protein and low-molecular-weight thiols content. Moreover, the herbicide treatments caused increase of superoxide dismutase activity. Our data suggest that at very low concentrations Roundup and Atrazine disturb free radical processes in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Husak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Strutynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Anzhelika Pitukh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Bubalo
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology and Mutagenesis, L.I. Medved's Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety, MHU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, M. Kryvonosa, 2, Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine
| | - Olha Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine,Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Oleh Lushchak, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine; Tel/Fax.: +380342714683, E-mail:
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16
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He X, Tu Y, Song Y, Yang G, You M. The relationship between pesticide exposure during critical neurodevelopment and autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review. Environ Res 2022; 203:111902. [PMID: 34416252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides have been one of the most extensively used compounds throughout the world. The main sources of contamination for humans are dietary intake and occupational exposure. The impairments caused by agricultural pesticide exposure have been a significant global public health problem. Recent studies have shown that low-level agricultural pesticide exposure during the critical period of neurodevelopment (pregnancy and lactation) is closely related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, gut microbiota, neural dendrite morphology, synaptic function, and glial cells are targets for the effects of pesticides during nervous system development. In the present review, we summarize the associations between several highly used and frequently studied pesticides (e.g., glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, and avermectins) and ASD. We also discusse future epidemiological and toxicological research directions on the relationship between pesticides and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu He
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Ying Tu
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Yawen Song
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Guanghong Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China.
| | - Mingdan You
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China.
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17
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Lehel J, Szemerédy G, Szabó R, Major L, Grúz A, Budai P. Reproductive toxicological changes in avian embryos due to a pesticide and an environmental contaminant. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:363-371. [PMID: 34747356 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Single and simultaneous toxic effects of glyphosate (Amega Up, 360 g L-1, 4%) and copper sulphate (0.01%) were studied in avian embryos treated either with injection directly into the air chamber or by immersion application for 30 min on day 0 of incubation. Alterations of the chicken embryos were evaluated during necropsy performed on day 19 of incubation, together with mortality, body weight and the type of developmental abnormalities. Based on the results, the injection application appeared to be more toxic than the immersion method, as it induced increased mortality and reduced the average body weight, and resulted in a higher incidence of congenital anomalies. Supposedly, a toxicodynamic interaction occurs between copper sulphate and glyphosate, which may reduce the vitality of embryos and thus decrease the number of offspring in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Lehel
- 1 Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Szemerédy
- 2 Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák F. u. 16, H-8360, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Rita Szabó
- 2 Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák F. u. 16, H-8360, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - László Major
- 2 Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák F. u. 16, H-8360, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Grúz
- 2 Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák F. u. 16, H-8360, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Péter Budai
- 2 Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák F. u. 16, H-8360, Keszthely, Hungary
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18
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Weisenburger DD. A Review and Update with Perspective of Evidence that the Herbicide Glyphosate (Roundup) is a Cause of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2021; 21:621-630. [PMID: 34052177 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based formulations (GBFs), such as Roundup, are the most heavily used herbicides in the world. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that glyphosate and GBFs are probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A), mainly for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, this finding has been controversial, and most pesticide regulatory agencies have not followed their lead. The purpose of this review was to examine the scientific literature linking exposure to glyphosate and GBFs to the development of NHL, with emphasis on new findings since publication of the IARC report. The epidemiologic studies provide ample evidence for an association between exposure to GBFs and an increased risk of NHL. Animal studies have shown that glyphosate is carcinogenic in rodents and causes NHL in mice. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that glyphosate and GBFs are genotoxic to human lymphocytes, the normal cell of origin of NHL, both in vitro and in vivo. Genotoxic and other biological effects have also been shown in various animal and cell models with these agents even at low doses. A novel mechanism underlying the specificity of glyphosate for NHL, that is upregulation of the B-cell genome mutator enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase, has recently been demonstrated. These findings were evaluated holistically using the guidelines for evaluation of general causation set forth by Bradford Hill. This evaluation provides coherent and compelling evidence that glyphosate and GBFs are a cause of NHL in humans exposed to these agents. These findings should prompt new reviews by pesticide regulatory agencies around the world.
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19
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Kale OE, Vongdip M, Ogundare TF, Osilesi O. The use of combined high-fructose diet and glyphosate to model rats type 2 diabetes symptomatology. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:126-137. [PMID: 33138673 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1845889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An ideal food-chemical combination that will promote insulin resistance and its consequent development of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction may open a new vista for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) research. Thus, we investigated the modulatory effects of a high-fructose diet (FRC) combined with glyphosate (GP). Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight/group and received distilled water, FRC, GP, and their combinations orally for eight consecutive weeks. We assessed the changes in fasting blood glucose levels (FBGLs), biochemical indices, oxidative stress parameters, and organ histopathology. From the results obtained, FBGLs and serum insulin levels were increased in the FRC-GP (2.3-3.1 and 1.9-2.2 folds) treated rats compared with the control baseline group. Also, the FRC-GP high dose increased FBGLs (1.9 folds), insulin (1.4 folds), triglycerides (1.5 folds), and uric acid (2 folds) levels compared with the FRC group. Malondialdehyde levels increased in the pancreas (54% and 78%) and liver (31.3% and 56.6%) of the FRC-GP treated rats. The FRC-GP treatments reduced serum high-density lipoprotein (57%), total protein (47%), and antioxidant parameters (non-enzymatic and enzymatic, 1.6-1.9 folds) respectively in the treated animals. The weight of the pancreas relative to the body increased (2-3 folds) while we observed mild inflammation and vascular congestion in vital organs in the treated rats. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of FRC-GP-diet to induce conditions of rats T2D. Also, this novel finding suggests a cost-effective GP as an alternative in this model type and provides further insight into understanding FRC-GP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Ezekiel Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Babcock University Benjamin S Carson Senior School of Medicine, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Mary Vongdip
- Biochemistry, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Funmi Ogundare
- Department of Pharmacology, Babcock University Benjamin S Carson Senior School of Medicine, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Odutola Osilesi
- Biochemistry, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ikeja, Nigeria
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20
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Suppa A, Kvist J, Li X, Dhandapani V, Almulla H, Tian AY, Kissane S, Zhou J, Perotti A, Mangelson H, Langford K, Rossi V, Brown JB, Orsini L. Roundup causes embryonic development failure and alters metabolic pathways and gut microbiota functionality in non-target species. Microbiome 2020; 8:170. [PMID: 33339542 PMCID: PMC7780628 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research around the weedkiller Roundup is among the most contentious of the twenty-first century. Scientists have provided inconclusive evidence that the weedkiller causes cancer and other life-threatening diseases, while industry-paid research reports that the weedkiller has no adverse effect on humans or animals. Much of the controversial evidence on Roundup is rooted in the approach used to determine safe use of chemicals, defined by outdated toxicity tests. We apply a system biology approach to the biomedical and ecological model species Daphnia to quantify the impact of glyphosate and of its commercial formula, Roundup, on fitness, genome-wide transcription and gut microbiota, taking full advantage of clonal reproduction in Daphnia. We then apply machine learning-based statistical analysis to identify and prioritize correlations between genome-wide transcriptional and microbiota changes. RESULTS We demonstrate that chronic exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of glyphosate and Roundup at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water in the US induce embryonic developmental failure, induce significant DNA damage (genotoxicity), and interfere with signaling. Furthermore, chronic exposure to the weedkiller alters the gut microbiota functionality and composition interfering with carbon and fat metabolism, as well as homeostasis. Using the "Reactome," we identify conserved pathways across the Tree of Life, which are potential targets for Roundup in other species, including liver metabolism, inflammation pathways, and collagen degradation, responsible for the repair of wounds and tissue remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that chronic exposure to concentrations of Roundup and glyphosate at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water causes embryonic development failure and alteration of key metabolic functions via direct effect on the host molecular processes and indirect effect on the gut microbiota. The ecological model species Daphnia occupies a central position in the food web of aquatic ecosystems, being the preferred food of small vertebrates and invertebrates as well as a grazer of algae and bacteria. The impact of the weedkiller on this keystone species has cascading effects on aquatic food webs, affecting their ability to deliver critical ecosystem services. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Suppa
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma, Department of Life Sciences, Viale Usberti, 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Jouni Kvist
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Vignesh Dhandapani
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Hanan Almulla
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - Stephen Kissane
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jiarui Zhou
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Alessio Perotti
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - Valeria Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma, Department of Life Sciences, Viale Usberti, 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - James B. Brown
- Environmental Bioinformatics, Centre for Computational Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Statistics Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA, Preminon LLC, Rodeo, CA 94572 USA
| | - Luisa Orsini
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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21
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Peillex C, Pelletier M. The impact and toxicity of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on health and immunity. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 17:163-174. [PMID: 32897110 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1804492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, or N-phosphomethyl(glycine), is an organophosphorus compound and a competitive inhibitor of the shikimate pathway that allows aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in plants and microorganisms. Its utilization in broad-spectrum herbicides, such as RoundUp®, has continued to increase since 1974; glyphosate, as well as its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid, is measured in soils, water, plants, animals and food. In humans, glyphosate is detected in blood and urine, especially in exposed workers, and is excreted within a few days. It has long been regarded as harmless in animals, but growing literature has reported health risks associated with glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides. In 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic" in humans. However, other national agencies did not tighten their glyphosate restrictions and even prolonged authorizations of its use. There are also discrepancies between countries' authorized levels, demonstrating an absence of a clear consensus on glyphosate to date. This review details the effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on fish and mammal health, focusing on the immune system. Increasing evidence shows that glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides exhibit cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, increase oxidative stress, disrupt the estrogen pathway, impair some cerebral functions, and allegedly correlate with some cancers. Glyphosate effects on the immune system appear to alter the complement cascade, phagocytic function, and lymphocyte responses, and increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in fish. In mammals, including humans, glyphosate mainly has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, causes inflammation, and affects lymphocyte functions and the interactions between microorganisms and the immune system. Importantly, even as many outcomes are still being debated, evidence points to a need for more studies to better decipher the risks from glyphosate and better regulation of its global utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Peillex
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Infectious and Immune Disease Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Disease Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Kleinstreuer N, Borrel A, Cardenas A, Chiu WA, Felsher DW, Gibbons CF, Goodson WH, Houck KA, Kane AB, La Merrill MA, Lebrec H, Lowe L, McHale CM, Minocherhomji S, Rieswijk L, Sandy MS, Sone H, Wang A, Zhang L, Zeise L, Fielden M. The Key Characteristics of Carcinogens: Relationship to the Hallmarks of Cancer, Relevant Biomarkers, and Assays to Measure Them. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1887-1903. [PMID: 32152214 PMCID: PMC7483401 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The key characteristics (KC) of human carcinogens provide a uniform approach to evaluating mechanistic evidence in cancer hazard identification. Refinements to the approach were requested by organizations and individuals applying the KCs. We assembled an expert committee with knowledge of carcinogenesis and experience in applying the KCs in cancer hazard identification. We leveraged this expertise and examined the literature to more clearly describe each KC, identify current and emerging assays and in vivo biomarkers that can be used to measure them, and make recommendations for future assay development. We found that the KCs are clearly distinct from the Hallmarks of Cancer, that interrelationships among the KCs can be leveraged to strengthen the KC approach (and an understanding of environmental carcinogenesis), and that the KC approach is applicable to the systematic evaluation of a broad range of potential cancer hazards in vivo and in vitro We identified gaps in coverage of the KCs by current assays. Future efforts should expand the breadth, specificity, and sensitivity of validated assays and biomarkers that can measure the 10 KCs. Refinement of the KC approach will enhance and accelerate carcinogen identification, a first step in cancer prevention.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention."
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
| | - Kathryn Z Guyton
- Monographs Programme, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Alexandre Borrel
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Catherine F Gibbons
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C
| | - William H Goodson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Keith A Houck
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Herve Lebrec
- Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Cliona M McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
- Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martha S Sandy
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California
| | - Hideko Sone
- Yokohama University of Pharmacy and National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Amy Wang
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of National Toxicology Program, The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California
| | - Mark Fielden
- Expansion Therapeutics Inc, San Diego, California
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Portier CJ. A comprehensive analysis of the animal carcinogenicity data for glyphosate from chronic exposure rodent carcinogenicity studies. Environ Health 2020; 19:18. [PMID: 32050978 PMCID: PMC7014589 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of glyphosate-tolerant genetically-modified plants, the global use of glyphosate has increased dramatically making it the most widely used pesticide on the planet. There is considerable controversy concerning the carcinogenicity of glyphosate with scientists and regulatory authorities involved in the review of glyphosate having markedly different opinions. One key aspect of these opinions is the degree to which glyphosate causes cancer in laboratory animals after lifetime exposure. In this review, twenty-one chronic exposure animal carcinogenicity studies of glyphosate are identified from regulatory documents and reviews; 13 studies are of sufficient quality and detail to be reanalyzed in this review using trend tests, historical control tests and pooled analyses. The analyses identify 37 significant tumor findings in these studies and demonstrate consistency across studies in the same sex/species/strain for many of these tumors. Considering analyses of the individual studies, the consistency of the data across studies, the pooled analyses, the historical control data, non-neoplastic lesions, mechanistic evidence and the associated scientific literature, the tumor increases seen in this review are categorized as to the strength of the evidence that glyphosate causes these cancers. The strongest evidence shows that glyphosate causes hemangiosarcomas, kidney tumors and malignant lymphomas in male CD-1 mice, hemangiomas and malignant lymphomas in female CD-1 mice, hemangiomas in female Swiss albino mice, kidney adenomas, liver adenomas, skin keratoacanthomas and skin basal cell tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats, adrenal cortical carcinomas in female Sprague-Dawley rats and hepatocellular adenomas and skin keratocanthomas in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Portier
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
- CJP Consulting, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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