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Klawitter F, Ehler J, Bajorat R, Patejdl R. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness and Critical Illness Myopathy: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5516. [PMID: 36982590 PMCID: PMC10052131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key structures providing most of the energy needed to maintain homeostasis. They are the main source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), participate in glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism, store calcium and are integral components in various intracellular signaling cascades. However, due to their crucial role in cellular integrity, mitochondrial damage and dysregulation in the context of critical illness can severely impair organ function, leading to energetic crisis and organ failure. Skeletal muscle tissue is rich in mitochondria and, therefore, particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and critical illness myopathy (CIM) are phenomena of generalized weakness and atrophying skeletal muscle wasting, including preferential myosin breakdown in critical illness, which has also been linked to mitochondrial failure. Hence, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, dysregulation of the respiratory chain complexes, alterations in gene expression, disturbed signal transduction as well as impaired nutrient utilization have been proposed as underlying mechanisms. This narrative review aims to highlight the current known molecular mechanisms immanent in mitochondrial dysfunction of patients suffering from ICUAW and CIM, as well as to discuss possible implications for muscle phenotype, function and therapeutic approaches.
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Olsson K, Cheng AJ, Al-Ameri M, Tardif N, Melin M, Rooyackers O, Lanner JT, Westerblad H, Gustafsson T, Bruton JD, Rullman E. Sphingomyelinase activity promotes atrophy and attenuates force in human muscle fibres and is elevated in heart failure patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2551-2561. [PMID: 35852046 PMCID: PMC9530516 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of sphingomyelinase (SMase) as a result of a general inflammatory response has been implicated as a mechanism underlying disease-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in several clinical conditions including heart failure. Here, for the first time, we characterize the effects of SMase activity on human muscle fibre contractile function and assess skeletal muscle SMase activity in heart failure patients. METHODS The effects of SMase on force production and intracellular Ca2+ handling were investigated in single intact human muscle fibres. Additional mechanistic studies were performed in single mouse toe muscle fibres. RNA sequencing was performed in human muscle bundles exposed to SMase. Intramuscular SMase activity was measured from heart failure patients (n = 61, age 69 ± 0.8 years, NYHA III-IV, ejection fraction 25 ± 1.0%, peak VO2 14.4 ± 0.6 mL × kg × min) and healthy age-matched control subjects (n = 10, age 71 ± 2.2 years, ejection fraction 60 ± 1.2%, peak VO2 25.8 ± 1.1 mL × kg × min). SMase activity was related to circulatory factors known to be associated with progression and disease severity in heart failure. RESULTS Sphingomyelinase reduced muscle fibre force production (-30%, P < 0.05) by impairing sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release (P < 0.05) and reducing myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity. In human muscle bundles exposed to SMase, RNA sequencing analysis revealed 180 and 291 genes as up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, at a FDR of 1%. Gene-set enrichment analysis identified 'proteasome degradation' as an up-regulated pathway (average fold-change 1.1, P = 0.008), while the pathway 'cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins' (average fold-change 0.8, P < 0.0001) and factors involving proliferation of muscle cells (average fold-change 0.8, P = 0.0002) where identified as down-regulated. Intramuscular SMase activity was ~20% higher (P < 0.05) in human heart failure patients than in age-matched healthy controls and was positively correlated with markers of disease severity and progression, and with several circulating inflammatory proteins, including TNF-receptor 1 and 2. In a longitudinal cohort of heart failure patients (n = 6, mean follow-up time 2.5 ± 0.2 years), SMase activity was demonstrated to increase by 30% (P < 0.05) with duration of disease. CONCLUSIONS The present findings implicate activation of skeletal muscle SMase as a mechanism underlying human heart failure-related loss of muscle mass and function. Moreover, our findings strengthen the idea that SMase activation may underpin disease-related loss of muscle mass and function in other clinical conditions, acting as a common patophysiological mechanism for the myopathy often reported in diseases associated with a systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Olsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum C5, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mamdoh Al-Ameri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Tardif
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Anesthesiology and intensive care, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Melin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Olav Rooyackers
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Anesthesiology and intensive care, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum C5, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum C5, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Clinical Physiology Karolinska Univ Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joseph D Bruton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum C5, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Clinical Physiology Karolinska Univ Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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Addinsall AB, Cacciani N, Backéus A, Hedström Y, Shevchenko G, Bergquist J, Larsson L. Electrical stimulated GLUT4 signalling attenuates critical illness-associated muscle wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2162-2174. [PMID: 35502572 PMCID: PMC9397497 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is a debilitating condition characterized by the preferential loss of the motor protein myosin. CIM is a by-product of critical care, attributed to impaired recovery, long-term complications, and mortality. CIM pathophysiology is complex, heterogeneous and remains incompletely understood; however, loss of mechanical stimuli contributes to critical illness-associated muscle atrophy and weakness. Passive mechanical loading and electrical stimulation (ES) therapies augment muscle mass and function. While having beneficial outcomes, the mechanistic underpinning of these therapies is less known. Therefore, here we aimed to assess the mechanism by which chronic supramaximal ES ameliorates CIM in a unique experimental rat model of critical care. METHODS Rats were subjected to 8 days of critical care conditions entailing deep sedation, controlled mechanical ventilation, and immobilization with and without direct soleus ES. Muscle size and function were assessed at the single cell level. RNAseq and western blotting were employed to understand the mechanisms driving ES muscle outcomes in CIM. RESULTS Following 8 days of controlled mechanical ventilation and immobilization, soleus muscle mass, myosin : actin ratio, and single muscle fibre maximum force normalized to cross-sectional area (CSA; specific force) were reduced by 40-50% (P < 0.0001). ES significantly reduced the loss of soleus muscle fibre CSA and myosin : actin ratio by approximately 30% (P < 0.05) yet failed to effect specific force. RNAseq pathway analysis revealed downregulation of insulin signalling in the soleus muscle following critical care, and GLUT4 trafficking was reduced by 55% leading to an 85% reduction of muscle glycogen content (P < 0.01). ES promoted phosphofructokinase and insulin signalling pathways to control levels (P < 0.05), consistent with the maintenance of GLUT4 translocation and glycogen levels. AMPK, but not AKT, signalling pathway was stimulated following ES, where the downstream target TBC1D4 increased 3 logFC (P = 0.029) and AMPK-specific P-TBC1D4 levels were increased approximately two-fold (P = 0.06). Reduction of muscle protein degradation rather than increased synthesis promoted soleus CSA, as ES reduced E3 ubiquitin proteins, Atrogin-1 (P = 0.006) and MuRF1 (P = 0.08) by approximately 50%, downstream of AMPK-FoxO3. CONCLUSIONS ES maintained GLUT4 translocation through increased AMPK-TBC1D4 signalling leading to improved muscle glucose homeostasis. Soleus CSA and myosin content was promoted through reduced protein degradation via AMPK-FoxO3 E3 ligases, Atrogin-1 and MuRF1. These results demonstrate chronic supramaximal ES reduces critical care associated muscle wasting, preserved glucose signalling, and reduced muscle protein degradation in CIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Addinsall
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| | - Nicola Cacciani
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| | - Anders Backéus
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| | - Yvette Hedström
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical ChemistryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical ChemistryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Lars Larsson
- Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
- Viron Molecular Medicine InstituteBostonUSA
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Sekhniashvili M, Bodechtel U, Toyka KV, Baum P. Temporary reversal of nerve and muscle dysfunction by serial electrical stimulation in critical illness neuromyopathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 142:244-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.07.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Temiz Artmann A, Kurulgan Demirci E, Fırat IS, Oflaz H, Artmann GM. Recombinant Activated Protein C (rhAPC) Affects Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mechanical Compliance Changes and Beat Frequency of mESC-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers. Shock 2022; 57:544-552. [PMID: 34416756 PMCID: PMC8906254 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic cardiomyopathy increases mortality by 70% to 90% and results in mechanical dysfunction of cells. METHODS Here, we created a LPS-induced in-vitro sepsis model with mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (mESC-CM) using the CellDrum technology which simultaneously measures mechanical compliance and beat frequency of mESCs. Visualization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), actin stress fibers, and mRNA quantification of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) before/after LPS incubation were used for method validation. Since activated protein C (APC) has cardioprotective effects, samples were treated with human recombinant APC (rhAPC) with/-out LPS predamage to demonstrate the application in therapeutic studies. RESULTS Twelve hours LPS treatment (5 μg/mL) increased ROS and decreased actin stress fiber density and significantly downregulated EPCR and PAR1 compared to control samples (0.26, 0.39-fold respectively). rhAPC application (5 μg/mL, 12 h) decreased ROS and recovered actin density, EPCR, and PAR1 levels were significantly upregulated compared to LPS predamaged samples (4.79, 3.49-fold respectively). The beat frequencies were significantly decreased after 6- (86%) and 12 h (73%) of LPS application. Mechanical compliance of monolayers significantly increased in a time-dependent manner, up to eight times upon 12-h LPS incubation compared to controls. rhAPC incubation increased the beat frequency by 127% (6h-LPS) and 123% (12h-LPS) and decreased mechanical compliance by 68% (12h-LPS) compared to LPS predamaged samples. CONCLUSION LPS-induced contraction dysfunction and the reversal effects of rhAPC were successfully assessed by the mechanical properties of mESC-CMs. The CellDrum technology proved a decent tool to simulate sepsis in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegül Temiz Artmann
- Institute for Bioengineering, University of Applied Sciences Aachen/Campus Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Eylem Kurulgan Demirci
- Institute for Bioengineering, University of Applied Sciences Aachen/Campus Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Campus Gulbahce, URLA, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ipek Seda Fırat
- Institute for Bioengineering, University of Applied Sciences Aachen/Campus Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Hakan Oflaz
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gerhard M. Artmann
- Institute for Bioengineering, University of Applied Sciences Aachen/Campus Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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Tong HY, Dong Y, Huang XJ, Murtaza G, Huang YJ, Sarfaraz Iqbal M. Anshen Buxin Liuwei Pill, a Mongolian Medicinal Formula, Could Protect H 2O 2-Induced H9c2 Myocardial Cell Injury by Suppressing Apoptosis, Calcium Channel Activation, and Oxidative Stress. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:5023654. [PMID: 35178104 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5023654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Anshen Buxin Liuwei pill (ABLP) is a Mongolian medicinal formula which has a therapeutic effect on the symptoms such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, depression and irritability, palpitation, and short breath. However, its bioactivity against cardiac injury remains unclear. Methods The protective effect of ABLP was evaluated using H9c2 cells. Cell viability, intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxidative indices, and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψ) were assessed, respectively. The mRNA levels of Ca2+ channel-related genes (DHPR, RyR2, and SCN5A) and oxidative stress-related genes (Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1) were measured by RT-PCR. Results 0.5–50 μg/mL ABLP could significantly decrease H2O2-induced cell injury by suppressing cell necrosis/apoptosis and excess oxidative stress, ameliorating the collapse of ∆ψ, and reducing intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Furthermore, 0.5–50 μg/mL ABLP reversed H2O2-induced imbalance in the mRNA levels of DHPR, RyR2, SCN5A, Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 gene in H9c2 cells, which further illustrate the mechanism. Conclusion ABLP provided protective and therapeutic benefits against H2O2-induced H9c2 cell injury, indicating that this formula can effectively treat coronary disease. In addition, the present study also provides an in-depth understanding of the pharmacological functions of ABLP, which may lead to further successful applications of Mongolian medicine.
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Hirose B, Ikeda K, Yamamoto D, Tsuda E, Yamauchi R, Hozuki T, Masuda Y, Imai T. Measurement of excitation-contraction coupling time in critical illness myopathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 135:30-36. [PMID: 35026538 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a simple and reliable technique to assess excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling for early diagnosis of critical illness myopathy (CIM). METHODS We prospectively performed clinical and electrophysiological examinations on patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). In addition to full neurological examinations and routine nerve conduction study, motor related potential (MRP) was recorded using an accelerometer attached to the base of hallux after tibial nerve stimulation, and E-C coupling time (ECCT) was measured from the latency difference between soleus compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and MRP. RESULTS Of 41 patients evaluated, 25 met the criteria for ICU-acquired weakness, 23 of whom had CIM. The time to the first electrophysiological examination (time to first test) correlated negatively with CMAP and with MRP. Conversely, a positive correlation was observed between the time to first test and ECCT. E-C coupling impairment occurred in most of our patients with CIM by the third day of ICU admission, and prolonged ECCT could be the earliest detectable abnormality. CONCLUSIONS The ECCT measurement is an easy and reliable technique to detect reduced muscle membrane excitability in the early stage of CIM. SIGNIFICANCE The ECCT measured by our method using an accelerometer may be a parameter that predicts the development of CIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bungo Hirose
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Sunagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuna Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emiko Tsuda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hakone Hospital, Odawara, Japan
| | - Rika Yamauchi
- Department of Neurology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Sunagawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Hozuki
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Shirakabadai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Masuda
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomihiro Imai
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hakone Hospital, Odawara, Japan.
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Moyle LA, Davoudi S, Gilbert PM. Innovation in culture systems to study muscle complexity. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:112966. [PMID: 34906582 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and pathology are extremely complex processes, influenced by local and systemic factors. Unpinning how these mechanisms function is crucial for fundamental biology and to develop therapeutic interventions for genetic disorders, but also conditions like sarcopenia and volumetric muscle loss. Ex vivo skeletal muscle models range from two- and three-dimensional primary cultures of satellite stem cell-derived myoblasts grown alone or in co-culture, to single muscle myofibers, myobundles, and whole tissues. Together, these systems provide the opportunity to gain mechanistic insights of stem cell behavior, cell-cell interactions, and mature muscle function in simplified systems, without confounding variables. Here, we highlight recent advances (published in the last 5 years) using in vitro primary cells and ex vivo skeletal muscle models, and summarize the new insights, tools, datasets, and screening methods they have provided. Finally, we highlight the opportunity for exponential advance of skeletal muscle knowledge, with spatiotemporal resolution, that is offered by guiding the study of muscle biology and physiology with in silico modelling and implementing high-content cell biology systems and ex vivo physiology platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Moyle
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sadegh Davoudi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Goossens C, Weckx R, Derde S, Van Helleputte L, Schneidereit D, Haug M, Reischl B, Friedrich O, Van Den Bosch L, Van den Berghe G, Langouche L. Impact of prolonged sepsis on neural and muscular components of muscle contractions in a mouse model. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:443-455. [PMID: 33465304 PMCID: PMC8061378 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged critically ill patients frequently develop debilitating muscle weakness that can affect both peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle. In-depth knowledge on the temporal contribution of neural and muscular components to muscle weakness is currently incomplete. METHODS We used a fluid-resuscitated, antibiotic-treated, parenterally fed murine model of prolonged (5 days) sepsis-induced muscle weakness (caecal ligation and puncture; n = 148). Electromyography (EMG) measurements were performed in two nerve-muscle complexes, combined with histological analysis of neuromuscular junction denervation, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. In situ muscle force measurements distinguished neural from muscular contribution to reduced muscle force generation. In myofibres, imaging and biomechanics were combined to evaluate myofibrillar contractile calcium sensitivity, sarcomere organization, and fibre structural properties. Myosin and actin protein content and titin gene expression were measured on the whole muscle. RESULTS Five days of sepsis resulted in increased EMG latency (P = 0.006) and decreased EMG amplitude (P < 0.0001) in the dorsal caudal tail nerve-tail complex, whereas only EMG amplitude was affected in the sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius muscle complex (P < 0.0001). Myelin sheath abnormalities (P = 0.2), axonal degeneration (number of axons; P = 0.4), and neuromuscular junction denervation (P = 0.09) were largely absent in response to sepsis, but signs of axonal swelling [higher axon area (P < 0.0001) and g-ratio (P = 0.03)] were observed. A reduction in maximal muscle force was present after indirect nerve stimulation (P = 0.007) and after direct muscle stimulation (P = 0.03). The degree of force reduction was similar with both stimulations (P = 0.2), identifying skeletal muscle, but not peripheral nerves, as the main contributor to muscle weakness. Myofibrillar calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus was unaffected by sepsis (P ≥ 0.6), whereas septic myofibres displayed disorganized sarcomeres (P < 0.0001) and altered myofibre axial elasticity (P < 0.0001). Septic myofibres suffered from increased rupturing in a passive stretching protocol (25% more than control myofibres; P = 0.04), which was associated with impaired myofibre active force generation (P = 0.04), linking altered myofibre integrity to function. Sepsis also caused a reduction in muscle titin gene expression (P = 0.04) and myosin and actin protein content (P = 0.05), but not the myosin-to-actin ratio (P = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged sepsis-induced muscle weakness may predominantly be related to a disruption in myofibrillar cytoarchitectural structure, rather than to neural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloë Goossens
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Weckx
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Derde
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lawrence Van Helleputte
- Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominik Schneidereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Haug
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Langouche
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to apply a novel method to measure excitation-contraction coupling time (ECCT) in normal soleus muscles. METHODS We performed simultaneous recordings of soleus compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and foot movement-related potential (MRP), and measured ankle plantar flexion torque in 36 healthy subjects. We calculated ECCT and examined the relations between CMAP, MRP, ECCT and ankle plantar flexion torque. RESULTS Statistical analyses established reference ranges (mean ± SE) for CMAP (13.4 ± 0.9 mV), MRP (5.3 ± 0.4 m/s2), ECCT (5.2 ± 0.1 ms), torque (85.9 ± 6.4 Nm) and torque/body weight (1.4 ± 0.1 Nm/kg). The torque showed a positive linear correlation with CMAP (p = 0.041) and a negative linear correlation with ECCT (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Soleus ECCT can be recorded easily, and is useful to assess the impairment of E-C coupling in muscles of the lower extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Asada
- Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Tomihiro Imai
- Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
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Kvedaras M, Minderis P, Krusnauskas R, Ratkevicius A. Effects of ten-week 30% caloric restriction on metabolic health and skeletal muscles of adult and old C57BL/6J mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cacciani N, Salah H, Li M, Akkad H, Backeus A, Hedstrom Y, Jena BP, Bergquist J, Larsson L. Chaperone co-inducer BGP-15 mitigates early contractile dysfunction of the soleus muscle in a rat ICU model. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13425. [PMID: 31799784 PMCID: PMC7187345 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim Critical illness myopathy (CIM) represents a common consequence of modern intensive care, negatively impacting patient health and significantly increasing health care costs; however, there is no treatment available apart from symptomatic and supportive interventions. The chaperone co‐inducer BGP‐15 has previously been shown to have a positive effect on the diaphragm in rats exposed to the intensive care unit (ICU) condition. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of BGP‐15 on a limb muscle (soleus muscle) in response to the ICU condition. Methods Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to the ICU condition for 5, 8 and 10 days and compared with untreated sham‐operated controls. Results BGP‐15 significantly improved soleus muscle fibre force after 5 days exposure to the ICU condition. This improvement was associated with the protection of myosin from post‐translational myosin modifications, improved mitochondrial structure/biogenesis and reduced the expression of MuRF1 and Fbxo31 E3 ligases. At longer durations (8 and 10 days), BGP‐15 had no protective effect when the hallmark of CIM had become manifest, that is, preferential loss of myosin. Unrelated to the effects on skeletal muscle, BGP‐15 had a strong positive effect on survival compared with untreated animals. Conclusions BGP‐15 treatment improved soleus muscle fibre and motor protein function after 5 days exposure to the ICU condition, but not at longer durations (8 and 10 days) when the preferential loss of myosin was manifest. Thus, long‐term CIM interventions targeting limb muscle fibre/myosin force generation capacity need to consider both the post‐translational modifications and the loss of myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cacciani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Heba Salah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Meishan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hazem Akkad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anders Backeus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yvette Hedstrom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bhanu P. Jena
- Department of Physiology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI USA
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry–Biomedical Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Clinical Neurophysiology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biobehavioral Health The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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13
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Olsson K, Cheng AJ, Al‐Ameri M, Wyckelsma VL, Rullman E, Westerblad H, Lanner JT, Gustafsson T, Bruton JD. Impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+release is the major cause of fatigue‐induced force loss in intact single fibres from human intercostal muscle. J Physiol 2019; 598:773-787. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Olsson
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSection of Clinical PhysiologyKarolinska Institutet Alfred Nobels Allé 8 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Arthur J. Cheng
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyBiomedicum C5Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 16 Solna 171 65 Sweden
- School of Kinesiology and Health ScienceFaculty of HealthYork University 4700 Keele Street Toronto Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Mamdoh Al‐Ameri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Solna 171 76 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Victoria L. Wyckelsma
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyBiomedicum C5Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 16 Solna 171 65 Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSection of Clinical PhysiologyKarolinska Institutet Alfred Nobels Allé 8 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyBiomedicum C5Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 16 Solna 171 65 Sweden
| | - Johanna T. Lanner
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyBiomedicum C5Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 16 Solna 171 65 Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory MedicineSection of Clinical PhysiologyKarolinska Institutet Alfred Nobels Allé 8 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Joseph D. Bruton
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyBiomedicum C5Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 16 Solna 171 65 Sweden
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14
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Hadrevi J, Barbe MF, Ørtenblad N, Frandsen U, Boyle E, Lazar S, Sjøgaard G, Søgaard K. Calcium Fluxes in Work-Related Muscle Disorder: Implications from a Rat Model. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:5040818. [PMID: 31662979 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Ca2+ regulatory excitation-contraction coupling properties are key topics of interest in the development of work-related muscle myalgia and may constitute an underlying cause of muscle pain and loss of force generating capacity. Method A well-established rat model of high repetition high force (HRHF) work was used to investigate if such exposure leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicle Ca2+ uptake and release rates. Result Six weeks exposure of rats to HRHF increased indicators of fatigue, pain behaviors, and [Ca2+]i, the latter implied by around 50-100% increases in pCam, as well as in the Ca2+ handling proteins RyR1 and Casq1 accompanied by an ∼10% increased SR Ca2+ uptake rate in extensor and flexor muscles compared to those of control rats. This demonstrated a work-related altered myocellular Ca2+ regulation, SR Ca2+ handling, and SR protein expression. Discussion These disturbances may mirror intracellular changes in early stages of human work-related myalgic muscle. Increased uptake of Ca2+ into the SR may reflect an early adaptation to avoid a sustained detrimental increase in [Ca2+]i similar to the previous findings of deteriorated Ca2+ regulation and impaired function in fatigued human muscle.
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15
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Batt J, Herridge MS, Dos Santos CC. From skeletal muscle weakness to functional outcomes following critical illness: a translational biology perspective. Thorax 2019; 74:1091-1098. [PMID: 31431489 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW) is now a well-known entity complicating critical illness. It increases mortality and in the critical illness survivor it is associated with physical disability, substantially increased health resource utilisation and healthcare costs. Skeletal muscle wasting is a key driver of ICUAW and physical functional outcomes in both the short and long term. To date, there is no intervention that can universally and consistently prevent muscle loss during critical illness, or enhance its recovery following intensive care unit discharge, to improve physical function. Clinical trials of early mobilisation or exercise training, or enhanced nutritional support have generated inconsistent results and we have no effective pharmacological interventions. This review will delineate our current understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the development and persistence of skeletal muscle loss and dysfunction in the critically ill individual, highlighting recent discoveries and clinical observations, and utilisation of this knowledge in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Batt
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret S Herridge
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Ma LQ, Yu Y, Chen H, Li M, Ihsan A, Tong HY, Huang XJ, Gao Y. Sweroside Alleviated Aconitine-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cell Line. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1138. [PMID: 30410440 PMCID: PMC6209819 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitine is the main bioactive ingredient of Aconitum plants, which are well-known botanical herbs in China. Aconitine is also notorious for its high cardiotoxicity, as it can induce life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Unfortunately, there are few effective antidotes to aconitine toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the potent protective effects of the ingredients from V. baillonii on aconitine toxicity on H9c2 cell line. Cell viability was assessed by methylthiazoltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Intracellular Ca2+ concentration alteration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were observed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Cellular oxidative stress was analyzed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) was determined using JC-1 kit. RT-PCR and Hoechst staining techniques were conducted to determine the levels of autophagy/apoptosis. The mRNA levels of dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), ryanodine receptors (RyR2) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) were measured by RT-PCR. We screened six components from V. baillonii, among which, sweroside exhibited the strongest protective effects on aconitine-induced cardiac toxicity. Sweroside suppressed the aconitine-induced mRNA expressions of NaV1.5 (encoded by SCN5A), RyR2 and DHPR, and reversed the aconitine-induced decrease in mRNA level of SERCA, thus preventing the aconitine-induced persistent intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and avoiding intracellular Ca2+ overload. We further found that sweroside restabilized the aconitine-disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) and reversed the aconitine-induced increase in the mRNA levels of cell autophagy-related factors (Beclin-1, Caspase-3, and LC3- II) in H9c2 cells. In the whole-animal experiments, we observed that sweroside (50 mg/kg) alleviated effectively aconitine-induced arrhythmias by analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) recording in rats. Our results demonstrate that sweroside may protect cardiomyocytes from aconitine toxicity by maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, restabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) and avoiding cell autophagy/apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - You Yu
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Hai-Ying Tong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Ju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Yamada T, Himori K, Tatebayashi D, Yamada R, Ashida Y, Imai T, Akatsuka M, Masuda Y, Kanzaki K, Watanabe D, Wada M, Westerblad H, Lanner JT. Electrical Stimulation Prevents Preferential Skeletal Muscle Myosin Loss in Steroid-Denervation Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1111. [PMID: 30147660 PMCID: PMC6097132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe muscle weakness concomitant with preferential depletion of myosin has been observed in several pathological conditions. Here, we used the steroid-denervation (S-D) rat model, which shows dramatic decrease in myosin content and force production, to test whether electrical stimulation (ES) treatment can prevent these deleterious changes. S-D was induced by cutting the sciatic nerve and subsequent daily injection of dexamethasone for 7 days. For ES treatment, plantarflexor muscles were electrically stimulated to produce four sets of five isometric contractions each day. Plantarflexor in situ isometric torque, muscle weight, skinned muscle fiber force, and protein and mRNA expression were measured after the intervention period. ES treatment partly prevented the S-D-induced decreases in plantarflexor in situ isometric torque and muscle weight. ES treatment fully prevented S-D-induced decreases in skinned fiber force and ratio of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) to actin, as well as increases in the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species-generating enzymes NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 and 4, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, mRNA expression of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF-1) and atrogin-1, and autolyzed active calpain-1. Thus, ES treatment is an effective way to prevent muscle impairments associated with loss of myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Himori
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tatebayashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ashida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomihiro Imai
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Akatsuka
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Masuda
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Kanzaki
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Daiki Watanabe
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Masanobu Wada
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Abstract
ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW), including critical illness polyneuropathy, critical illness myopathy, and critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy, is a frequent disabling disorder in ICU subjects. Research has predominantly been performed by intensivists, whose efforts have permitted the diagnosis of ICUAW early during an ICU stay and understanding of several of the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of this disorder. Despite important progress, the therapeutic strategies are unsatisfactory and issues such as functional outcomes and long-term recovery remain unclear. Studies involving multiple specialists should be planned to better differentiate the ICUAW types and provide proper functional outcome measures and follow-up. A more strict collaboration among specialists interested in ICUAW, in particular physiatrists, is desirable to plan proper care pathways after ICU discharge and to better meet the health needs of subjects with ICUAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Intiso
- Unit of Neuro-Rehabilitation, Hospital IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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19
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Friedrich O, Diermeier S, Larsson L. Weak by the machines: muscle motor protein dysfunction - a side effect of intensive care unit treatment. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28387014 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intensive care interventions involve periods of mechanical ventilation, sedation and complete mechanical silencing of patients. Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is an ICU-acquired myopathy that is associated with limb muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, electrical silencing of muscle and motor proteinopathy. The hallmark of CIM is a preferential muscle myosin loss due to increased catabolic and reduced anabolic activity. The ubiquitin proteasome pathway plays an important role, apart from recently identified novel mechanisms affecting non-lysosomal protein degradation or autophagy. CIM is not reproduced by pure disuse atrophy, denervation atrophy, steroid-induced atrophy or septic myopathy, although combinations of high-dose steroids and denervation can mimic CIM. New animal models of critical illness and ICU treatment (i.e. mechanical ventilation and complete immobilization) provide novel insights regarding the time course of protein synthesis and degradation alterations, and the role of protective chaperone activities in the process of myosin loss. Altered mechano-signalling seems involved in triggering a major part of myosin loss in experimental CIM models, and passive loading of muscle potently ameliorates the CIM phenotype. We provide a systematic overview of similarities and distinct differences in the signalling pathways involved in triggering muscle atrophy in CIM and isolated trigger factors. As preferential myosin loss is mostly determined from biochemistry analyses providing no spatial resolution of myosin loss processes within myofibres, we also provide first results monitoring myosin signal intensities during experimental ICU intervention using multi-photon Second Harmonic Generation microscopy. Our results confirm that myosin loss is an evenly distributed process within myofibres rather than being confined to hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologie (SAOT); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - S. Diermeier
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologie (SAOT); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - L. Larsson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Section of Clinical Neurophysiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biobehavioral Health; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA USA
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20
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Cheng AJ, Westerblad H. Mechanical isolation, and measurement of force and myoplasmic free [Ca 2+] in fully intact single skeletal muscle fibers. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1763-76. [PMID: 28771237 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical dissection of single intact mammalian skeletal muscle fibers permits real-time measurement of intracellular properties and contractile function of living fibers. A major advantage of mechanical over enzymatic fiber dissociation is that single fibers can be isolated with their tendons remaining attached, which allows contractile forces (in the normal expected range of 300-450 kN/m2) to be measured during electrical stimulation. Furthermore, the sarcolemma of single fibers remains fully intact after mechanical dissection, and hence the living fibers can be studied with intact intracellular milieu and normal function and metabolic properties, as well as ionic control. Given that Ca2+ is the principal regulator of the contractile force, measurements of myoplasmic free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) can be used to further delineate the intrinsic mechanisms underlying changes in skeletal muscle function. [Ca2+]i measurements are most commonly performed in intact single fibers using ratiometric fluorescent indicators such as indo-1 or fura-2. These Ca2+ indicators are introduced into the fiber by pressure injection or by using the membrane-permeable indo-1 AM, and [Ca2+]i is measured by calculating a ratio of the fluorescence at specific wavelengths emitted for the Ca2+-free and Ca2+-bound forms of the dye. We describe here the procedures for mechanical dissection, and for force and [Ca2+]i measurement in intact single fibers from mouse flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle, which is the most commonly used muscle in studies using intact single fibers. This technique can also be used to isolate intact single fibers from various muscles and from various species. As an alternative to Ca2+ indicators, single fibers can also be loaded with fluorescent indicators to measure, for instance, reactive oxygen species, pH, and [Mg2+], or they can be injected with proteins to change functional properties. The entire protocol, from dissection to the start of an experiment on a single fiber, takes ∼3 h.
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21
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Batt J, Mathur S, Katzberg HD. Mechanism of ICU-acquired weakness: muscle contractility in critical illness. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43:584-586. [PMID: 28255615 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Batt
- Department of Medicine, Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hans D Katzberg
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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