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Hawash M, Abdallah S, Abudayyak M, Melhem Y, Abu Shamat M, Aghbar M, Çapan I, Abualhasan M, Kumar A, Kamiński M, Góral T, Dominiak PM, Sobuh S. Exploration of isoxazole analogs: Synthesis, COX inhibition, anticancer screening, 3D multicellular tumor spheroids, and molecular modeling. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116397. [PMID: 38626522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new series of Isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and characterized via HRMS, 1H-, 13CAPT-NMR, and MicroED. The findings revealed that nearly all of the synthesized derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory activities against both COX enzymes, with IC50 values ranging from 4.1 nM to 3.87 μM. Specifically, MYM1 demonstrated the highest efficacy among the compounds tested against the COX-1, displaying an IC50 value of 4.1 nM. The results showed that 5 compounds possess high COX-2 isozyme inhibitory effects with IC50 value in range 0.24-1.30 μM with COX-2 selectivity indexes (2.51-6.13), among these compounds MYM4 has the lowest IC50 value against COX-2, with selectivity index around 4. Intriguingly, this compound displayed significant antiproliferative effects against CaCo-2, Hep3B, and HeLa cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 10.22, 4.84, and 1.57 μM, respectively, which was nearly comparable to that of doxorubicin. Compound MYM4 showed low cytotoxic activities on normal cell lines LX-2 and Hek293t with IC50 values 20.01 and 216.97 μM respectively, with safer values than doxorubicin. Furthermore, compound MYM4 was able to induce the apoptosis, suppress the colonization of both HeLa and HepG2 cells. Additionally, the induction of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be the mechanism underlying the apoptotic effect and the cytotoxic activity of the compound. In the 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model, results revealed that MYM4 compound hampered the spheroid formation capacity of Hep3B and HeLa cancer cells. Moreover, the molecular docking of MYM4 compound revealed a high affinity for the COX2 enzyme, with energy scores (S) -7.45 kcal/mol, which were comparable to celecoxib (S) -8.40 kcal/mol. Collectively, these findings position MYM4 as a promising pharmacological candidate as COX inhibitor and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
| | - Samer Abdallah
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yarob Melhem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Abu Shamat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Meera Aghbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Irfan Çapan
- Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational College, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Basic and Engineering Sciences Central Laboratory Application and Research Center (GUTMAM), Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Anil Kumar
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Zwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kamiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Zwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Ul. S. Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Maria Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Ul. Zwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shorooq Sobuh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
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Galenko EE, Novikov MS, Bunev AS, Khlebnikov AF. Acridine-Isoxazole and Acridine-Azirine Hybrids: Synthesis, Photochemical Transformations in the UV/Visible Radiation Boundary Region, and Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:1538. [PMID: 38611817 PMCID: PMC11013717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Easy-to-handle N-hydroxyacridinecarbimidoyl chloride hydrochlorides were synthesized as convenient nitrile oxide precursors in the preparation of 3-(acridin-9/2-yl)isoxazole derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with terminal alkynes, 1,1-dichloroethene, and acrylonitrile. Azirines with an acridin-9/2-yl substituent attached directly or via the 1,2,3-triazole linker to the azirine C2 were also synthesized. The three-membered rings of the acridine-azirine hybrids were found to be resistant to irradiation in the UV/visible boundary region, despite their long-wave absorption at 320-420 nm, indicating that the acridine moiety cannot be used as an antenna to transfer light energy to generate nitrile ylides from azirines for photoclick cycloaddition. The acridine-isoxazole hybrids linked at the C9-C3 or C2-C3 atoms under blue light irradiation underwent the addition of such hydrogen donor solvents, such as, toluene, o-xylene, mesitylene, 4-chlorotoluene, THF, 1,4-dioxane, or methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), to the acridine system to give the corresponding 9-substituted acridanes in good yields. The synthesized acridine-azirine, acridine-isoxazole, and acridane-isoxazole hybrids exhibited cytotoxicity toward both all tested cancer cell lines (HCT 116, MCF7, and A704) and normal cells (WI-26 VA4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina E. Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (E.E.G.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (E.E.G.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Alexander S. Bunev
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, Togliatti 445020, Russia;
| | - Alexander F. Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (E.E.G.); (M.S.N.)
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Sayed EM, Bakhite EA, Hassanien R, Farhan N, Aly HF, Morsy SG, Hassan NA. Novel tetrahydroisoquinolines as DHFR and CDK2 inhibitors: synthesis, characterization, anticancer activity and antioxidant properties. BMC Chem 2024; 18:34. [PMID: 38365746 PMCID: PMC10873978 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolines and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinolines based on 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl moiety as expected anticancer and/or antioxidant agents. The structure of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral date (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analysis. We evaluated the anticancer activity of these compounds toward two cell lines: A459 cell line (lung cancer cells) and MCF7 cell line (breast cancer cells). All tested compounds showed moderate to strong anti-cancer activity towards the two cell lines. Compound 7e exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line (IC50: 0.155 µM) while compound 8d showed the most potent one against MCF7 cell line (IC50: 0.170 µM) in comparison with doxorubicin. In addition, we examined the effect of compounds 7e and 8d regarding the growth of A549 and MCF7 cell lines, employing flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC apoptotic assay. Our results showed that compound 7e caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase with a 79-fold increase in apoptosis of A459 cell line. Moreover, compound 8d caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase with a 69-fold increase in apoptosis of MCF7 cell line. Furthermore, we studied the activity of these compounds as enzyme inhibitors against several enzymes. Our findings by docking and experimental studies that compound 7e is a potent CDK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.149 µM, compared to the Roscovitine control drug with IC50 of 0.380 µM. We also found that compound 8d is a significant DHFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.199 µM, compared to Methotrexate control drug with IC50 of 0.131 µM. Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of ten compounds was also studied in comparison with Vitamin C. Compounds 1, 3, 6, 7c and 8e have higher antioxidant activity than Vitamin C which mean that these compounds can used as potent antioxidant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja, 72511, Egypt.
| | - Etify A Bakhite
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Reda Hassanien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja, 72511, Egypt
| | - Nasser Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja, 72511, Egypt
| | - Hanan F Aly
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Salma G Morsy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Immunology and Virology Unit, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nivin A Hassan
- Department Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zheng D, Yang C, Li X, Liu D, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu J. Design, Synthesis, Antitumour Evaluation, and In Silico Studies of Pyrazolo-[1,5- c]quinazolinone Derivatives Targeting Potential Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. Molecules 2023; 28:6606. [PMID: 37764382 PMCID: PMC10536637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient, straightforward, and metal-free methodology to rapidly access functionalised pyrazolo-[1,5-c]quinazolinones via a [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition and regioselective ring expansion process was developed. The synthesised compounds were characterised by methods such as NMR, HRMS, and HPLC. The in vitro antiproliferative activity against A549 cells (non-small cell lung cancer) was significant for compounds 4i, 4m, and 4n with IC50 values of 17.0, 14.2, and 18.1 μM, respectively. In particular, compounds 4t and 4n showed inhibitory activity against CDK9/2. Predicted biological target and molecular modelling studies suggest that the compound 4t may target CDKs for antitumour effects. The synthesised derivatives were considered to have moderate drug-likeness and sufficient safety in silico. In summary, a series of pyrazolo-[1,5-c]quinazolinone derivatives with antitumour activity is reported for the first time. We provide not only a simple and efficient synthetic method but also helpful lead compounds for the further development of novel cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Youbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Junyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
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Hawash M, Jaradat N, Sabobeh R, Abualhasan M, Qaoud MT. New Thiazole Carboxamide Derivatives as COX Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Screening, In Silico Molecular Docking, and ADME Profile Studies. ACS Omega 2023; 8:29512-29526. [PMID: 37599929 PMCID: PMC10433355 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to create and test a new series of thiazole carboxamide derivatives for their cyclooxygenase (COX) suppressor and anticancer effects. The compounds were characterized using 1H, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectrum analysis, and their selectivity toward COX-1 and COX-2 was assessed using an in vitro COX inhibition assay kit. Cytotoxicity was assessed using an MTS assay against a panel of cancer and normal cell lines. The docking studies were aided by the Prime MM-GBSA method for estimating binding affinities. The density functional theory (DFT) analysis was performed to assess compound chemical reactivity, which was calculated by computing the border orbital energy of both HOMO and LUMO orbitals, as well as the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. For ADME-T analysis, the QiKProp module was employed. Furthermore, using human X-ray crystal structures, molecular docking studies were carried out to discover the probable binding patterns of these drugs within both COX-1 and COX-2 isozymes. The results demonstrated that the most effective compound against the COX-1 enzyme was 2b with an IC50 of 0.239 μM. It also showed potent activity against COX-2 with an IC50 value of 0.191 μM and a selectivity ratio of 1.251. The highest selectivity ratio was 2.766 for compound 2a against COX-2 with an IC50 dose of 0.958 μM relating to the celecoxib ratio of 23.8 and its IC50 against COX-2 of 0.002 μM. Compound 2j also showed good selectivity toward COX-2 (1.507) with an IC50 value of 0.957 μM. All compounds showed negligible cytotoxic activity against the evaluated normal cell lines, and the IC50 values were more than 300 μM, except for compound 2b, whose IC50 values were 203.71 ± 1.89 and 116.96 ± 2.05 μM against LX-2 and Hek293t cell lines, respectively. Moreover, compound 2b showed moderate anticancer activity against COLO205 and B16F1 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 30.79 and 74.15 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 400, Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 400, Palestine
| | - Rozan Sabobeh
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 400, Palestine
| | - Murad Abualhasan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 400, Palestine
| | - Mohammed T. Qaoud
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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Hawash M, Ergun SG, Kahraman DC, Olgac A, Hamel E, Cetin-Atalay R, Baytas SN. Novel Indole-Pyrazole Hybrids as Potential Tubulin-Targeting Agents; Synthesis, antiproliferative evaluation, and molecular modeling studies. J Mol Struct 2023; 1285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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El Abbouchi A, El Brahmi N, Hiebel MA, Ghammaz H, El Fahime E, Bignon J, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F, El Kazzouli S. Improvement of the Chemical Reactivity of Michael Acceptor of Ethacrynic Acid Correlates with Antiproliferative Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020910. [PMID: 36677966 PMCID: PMC9865193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to report the design, synthesis, and biological activity of new ethacrynic acid (EA) analogs (6-10) obtained by the double modulation of the carboxylic acid moiety and the aromatic ring with the aim to increase the chemical reactivity of Michael acceptor of EA. All obtained compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated in vitro using MMT test, in a first step, against HL60 cell line and in a second step, on a panel of human cancer cell lines such as HCT116, A549, MCF7, PC3, U87-MG, and SKOV3, and normal cell line MRC5 in comparison with positive control doxorubicin. Among all the tested compounds, the product 8 containing a propargyl and a hydroxyl groups, allowing an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the keto group of EA, exhibited a pronounced and selective activity in a nanomolar range against HL60, A549, PC3, and MCF7 with IC50 values of 15, 41.2, 68.7, and 61.5 nM, respectively. Compound 8 also showed a good selectivity index (SI) against HL60 and moderate SI against the other three human cancer cells (A549, PC3, and MCF7). The study of the structure-activity relationship showed that both modifications of the carboxylic group and the introduction of an intramolecular hydrogen bond are highly required to improve the antiproliferative activities. The molecular modeling studies of compound 8 revealed that it favorably binds to the glutathione S-transferase active site, which may explain its interesting anticancer activity. These new compounds have potential to be developed as novel therapeutic agents against various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoula El Abbouchi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Marie-Aude Hiebel
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Hamza Ghammaz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST), Angle Avenues des FAR et Allal El Fassi, Hay Ryad, Rabat 10102, Morocco
| | - Elmostafa El Fahime
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST), Angle Avenues des FAR et Allal El Fassi, Hay Ryad, Rabat 10102, Morocco
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (F.S.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (F.S.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (F.S.); (S.E.K.)
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8
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Ali MA, Aswathy KA, Munuswamy-Ramanujam G, Jaisankar V. Pyridine and isoxazole substituted 3-formylindole-based chitosan Schiff base polymer: Antimicrobial, antioxidant and in vitro cytotoxicity studies on THP-1 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1575-1587. [PMID: 36436605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis of two new chitosan Schiff base (CSB) polymers, namely, 2PCT and 4MCT based on pyridin-2-ylmethyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde and 1-(4-methyl-3,5-dimethylisoxazole)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde with chitosan (CT). The structural features of CSB polymers were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The antioxidant studies found that both 2PCT and 4MCT presented significant free radical scavenging activity with IC50 at 169.01 and 372.84 μg/mL, respectively. The cell viability results obtained from in vitro cytotoxicity studies performed using human monocyte leukemia (THP-1) cells were found to be 75.6 ± 0.25 % and 79.1 ± 1.5 % for 2PCT and 4MCT, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the reducing ability of CSB polymers on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in THP-1 cells. The overall results of antioxidant activity, in vitro biocompatibility and ability to reduce the intracellular ROS production emphasized that the CSB polymers prepared could serve as a potential biomaterial in biomedical applications, such as wound treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ameer Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600014, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai 600005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K A Aswathy
- Division of Molecular Biology and Immuno Biology, IIISM, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy-Ramanujam
- Division of Molecular Biology and Immuno Biology, IIISM, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Jaisankar
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai 600005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kochetkov KA, Gorunova ON, Bystrova NA. Biologically Oriented Hybrids of Indole and Hydantoin Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36677661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoles and hydantoins are important heterocycles scaffolds which present in numerous bioactive compounds which possess various biological activities. Moreover, they are essential building blocks in organic synthesis, particularly for the preparation of important hybrid molecules. The series of hybrid compounds containing indoles and imidazolidin-2-one moiety with direct C-C bond were synthesized using an amidoalkylation one-pot reaction. All compounds were investigated as a growth regulator for germination, growth and development of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L). Their effect on drought resistance at very low concentrations (4 × 10-5 M) was evaluated. The study highlighted identified the leading compounds, 3a and 3e, with higher growth-regulating activity than the indole-auxin analogues.
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Hawash M. Recent Advances of Tubulin Inhibitors Targeting the Colchicine Binding Site for Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121843. [PMID: 36551271 PMCID: PMC9776383 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer accounts for numerous deaths each year, and it is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, despite many breakthroughs in the discovery of novel anticancer candidates. Each new year the FDA approves the use of new drugs for cancer treatments. In the last years, the biological targets of anticancer agents have started to be clearer and one of these main targets is tubulin protein; this protein plays an essential role in cell division, as well as in intracellular transportation. The inhibition of microtubule formation by targeting tubulin protein induces cell death by apoptosis. In the last years, numerous novel structures were designed and synthesized to target tubulin, and this can be achieved by inhibiting the polymerization or depolymerization of the microtubules. In this review article, recent novel compounds that have antiproliferation activities against a panel of cancer cell lines that target tubulin are explored in detail. This review article emphasizes the recent developments of tubulin inhibitors, with insights into their antiproliferative and anti-tubulin activities. A full literature review shows that tubulin inhibitors are associated with properties in the inhibition of cancer cell line viability, inducing apoptosis, and good binding interaction with the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Furthermore, some drugs, such as cabazitaxel and fosbretabulin, have been approved by FDA in the last three years as tubulin inhibitors. The design and development of efficient tubulin inhibitors is progressively becoming a credible solution in treating many species of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
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Pramual S, Lirdprapamongkol K, Atjanasuppat K, Chaisuriya P, Niamsiri N, Svasti J. PLGA-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles for Overcoming Paclitaxel Tolerance in Anoikis-Resistant Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36500387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance and metastasis are two major obstacles to cancer chemotherapy. During metastasis, cancer cells can survive as floating cells in the blood or lymphatic circulatory system, due to the acquisition of resistance to anoikis-a programmed cell death activated by loss of extracellular matrix attachment. The anoikis-resistant lung cancer cells also develop drug resistance. In this study, paclitaxel-encapsulated PLGA-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLHNPs) were formulated by nanoprecipitation combined with self-assembly. The paclitaxel-PLHNPs had an average particle size of 103.0 ± 1.6 nm and a zeta potential value of -52.9 mV with the monodisperse distribution. Cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was evaluated in A549 human lung cancer cells cultivated as floating cells under non-adherent conditions, compared with A549 attached cells. The floating cells exhibited anoikis resistance as shown by a lack of caspase-3 activation, in contrast to floating normal epithelial cells. Paclitaxel tolerance was evident in floating cells which had an IC50 value of 418.56 nM, compared to an IC50 value of 7.88 nM for attached cells. Paclitaxel-PLHNPs significantly reduced the IC50 values in both attached cells (IC50 value of 0.11 nM, 71.6-fold decrease) and floating cells (IC50 value of 1.13 nM, 370.4-fold decrease). This report demonstrated the potential of PLHNPs to improve the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel, for eradicating anoikis-resistant lung cancer cells during metastasis.
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Hawash M, Jaradat N, Abualhasan M, Thaher M, Sawalhi R, Younes N, Shanaa A, Nuseirat M, Mousa A. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the antioxidant potential of isoxazole derivatives. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18223. [PMID: 36309576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously developed fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamides derivatives were re-synthesized and their scavenging activity against DPPH free radical and inhibitory activity against lipase and α-amylase enzymes were evaluated. The inhibition of the tested enzymes was weak while the most potent activities were observed in the DPPH assay. In particular, compounds 2a and 2c demonstrated high antioxidant potency with IC50 values of 0.45 ± 0.21 and 0.47 ± 0.33 µg/ml, respectively, when compared to Trolox, the positive control compound, which has an IC50 value of 3.10 ± 0.92 µg/ml. Based on the in vitro results, the most potent compound 2a was chosen for in vivo evaluation of antioxidant properties using 20 male mice injected intra-peritoneally and divided into four groups. The in vivo results revealed that total antioxidant capacity (TAC) obtained for mice treated with 2a was two folds greater than that of mice treated with the positive control Quercetin. Although further biological and preclinical investigations need to be performed to assess the therapeutic potential of 2a, the results of this study show promising antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo.
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Basavarajaiah SM, Nagesh GY, Javeed M, Bhat R, Nethravathi S, Basha JN, Reddy KR, Nisarga C, Srinivas P. Synthesis, spectral analysis, DFT calculations, biological potential and molecular docking studies of indole appended pyrazolo-triazine. Mol Divers 2022; 27:679-693. [PMID: 35538381 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 5-(3,5-disubstituted-1H-indol-2-yl)-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-2,6-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazines (3a-l) were synthesized in single step from 3,5-disubstituted indole-2-carbohydrazide and 4-aminoantipyrine under acidic conditions with excellent yields. The various spectroscopic methods were used to prove the formation of all these products. The compounds 3a, 3b, 3e, 3f, 3i and 3j exhibited excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities with an MIC value of 3.125 µg/ml against the tested pathogens and anti-tuberculosis inhibitory potential against M. tuberculosis which is equivalent to standard drug. The antidiabetic activity of the compounds 3a and 3b showed the maximum potential as glucosidase inhibitors with IC50 = 47.21 μg/ml and IC50 = 48.36 μg/ml, respectively. The physicochemical characteristics like ADMET, drug-likeness and bioactivity scores for these molecules were also disclosed. To comprehend the electronic behavior of compound 3a, density functional theory estimations at the DFT/B3LYP level via 6-31G++ (d, p) have been carried out to replicate the structure and geometry. The first-order hyperpolarizability calculation was used to calculate the nonlinear visual feature of compound 3a. The charge transfer interface among the structure is elucidated by the estimated HOMO-LUMO analysis. Further, molecular docking studies were carried out for synthesized compounds with human maltase-glucoamylase (PDB: 2QMJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Basavarajaiah
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India.
| | - G Y Nagesh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak First Grade College, Bidar, Karnataka, 585 403, India
| | - Mohammad Javeed
- Department and Research Studies in Chemistry, Nrupatunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 001, India
| | - Rashmi Bhat
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India
| | - S Nethravathi
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India
| | - Jeelan N Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, 560 043, India
| | - K Ramakrishna Reddy
- Department and Research Studies in Chemistry, Nrupatunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 001, India
| | - C Nisarga
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India
| | - Pooja Srinivas
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, PG Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 004, India
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