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Kayani SI, -Rahman SU, Shen Q, Cui Y, Liu W, Hu X, Zhu F, Huo S. Molecular approaches to enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis; future outlook: engineering of transcription factors in Haematococcus pluvialis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:514-529. [PMID: 37380353 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2208284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are the preferred species for producing astaxanthin because they pose a low toxicity risk than chemical synthesis. Astaxanthin has multiple health benefits and is being used in: medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. Haematococcus pluvialis is a model microalga for astaxanthin biosynthesis; however, its natural astaxanthin content is low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to improve the biosynthesis of astaxanthin to meet industrial demands, making its commercialization cost-effective. Several strategies related to cultivation conditions are employed to enhance the biosynthesis of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. However, the mechanism of its regulation by transcription factors is unknown. For the first time, this study critically reviewed the studies on identifying transcription factors, progress in H. pluvialis genetic transformation, and use of phytohormones that increase the gene expression related to astaxanthin biosynthesis. In addition, we propose future approaches, including (i) Cloning and characterization of transcription factors, (ii) Transcriptional engineering through overexpression of positive regulators or downregulation/silencing of negative regulators, (iii) Gene editing for enrichment or deletion of transcription factors binding sites, (iv) Hormonal modulation of transcription factors. This review provides considerable knowledge about the molecular regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis and the existing research gap. Besides, it provides the basis for transcription factors mediated metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saeed-Ur -Rahman
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xinjuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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Wang DN, Yu CX, Feng J, Wei LJ, Chen J, Liu Z, Ouyang L, Zhang L, Liu F, Hua Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the redirection of metabolic flux from cell growth to astaxanthin biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica. Yeast 2024. [PMID: 38613186 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to produce astaxanthin provides a promising route. Here, Y. lipolytica M2 producing a titer of 181 mg/L astaxanthin was isolated by iterative atmospheric and room-temperature plasma mutagenesis and diphenylamine-mediated screening. Interestingly, a negative correlation was observed between cell biomass and astaxanthin production. To reveal the underlying mechanism, RNA-seq analysis of transcriptional changes was performed in high producer M2 and reference strain M1, and a total of 1379 differentially expressed genes were obtained. Data analysis revealed that carbon flux was elevated through lipid metabolism, acetyl-CoA and mevalonate supply, but restrained through central carbon metabolism in strain M2. Moreover, upregulation of other pathways such as ATP-binding cassette transporter and thiamine pyrophosphate possibly provided more cofactors for carotenoid hydroxylase and relieved cell membrane stress caused by astaxanthin insertion. These results suggest that balancing cell growth and astaxanthin production may be important to promote efficient biosynthesis of astaxanthin in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, China
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Göttl VL, Meyer F, Schmitt I, Persicke M, Peters-Wendisch P, Wendisch VF, Henke NA. Enhancing astaxanthin biosynthesis and pathway expansion towards glycosylated C40 carotenoids by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8081. [PMID: 38582923 PMCID: PMC10998873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a versatile C40 carotenoid prized for its applications in food, cosmetics, and health, is a bright red pigment with powerful antioxidant properties. To enhance astaxanthin production in Corynebacterium glutamicum, we employed rational pathway engineering strategies, focused on improving precursor availability and optimizing terminal oxy-functionalized C40 carotenoid biosynthesis. Our efforts resulted in an increased astaxanthin precursor supply with 1.5-fold higher β-carotene production with strain BETA6 (18 mg g-1 CDW). Further advancements in astaxanthin production were made by fine-tuning the expression of the β-carotene hydroxylase gene crtZ and β-carotene ketolase gene crtW, yielding a nearly fivefold increase in astaxanthin (strain ASTA**), with astaxanthin constituting 72% of total carotenoids. ASTA** was successfully transferred to a 2 L fed-batch fermentation with an enhanced titer of 103 mg L-1 astaxanthin with a volumetric productivity of 1.5 mg L-1 h-1. Based on this strain a pathway expansion was achieved towards glycosylated C40 carotenoids under heterologous expression of the glycosyltransferase gene crtX. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time astaxanthin-β-D-diglucoside was produced with C. glutamicum achieving high titers of microbial C40 glucosides of 39 mg L-1. This study showcases the potential of pathway engineering to unlock novel C40 carotenoid variants for diverse industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Göttl
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Meyer
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ina Schmitt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcus Persicke
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Omics Core Facility - Proteom-Metabolom Unit (In Development), Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Petra Peters-Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nadja A Henke
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
- CZS Junior Research Group, Microsystems in Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Su B, Deng MR, Zhu H. Advances in the Discovery and Engineering of Gene Targets for Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Recombinant Strains. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1747. [PMID: 38136618 PMCID: PMC10742120 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments that are abundant in the natural world. Due to their excellent antioxidant attributes, carotenoids are widely utilized in various industries, including the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries, and others. Plants, algae, and microorganisms are presently the main sources for acquiring natural carotenoids. However, due to the swift progress in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, along with the continuous and thorough investigation of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways, recombinant strains have emerged as promising candidates to produce carotenoids. The identification and manipulation of gene targets that influence the accumulation of the desired products is a crucial challenge in the construction and metabolic regulation of recombinant strains. In this review, we provide an overview of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, followed by a summary of the methodologies employed in the discovery of gene targets associated with carotenoid production. Furthermore, we focus on discussing the gene targets that have shown potential to enhance carotenoid production. To facilitate future research, we categorize these gene targets based on their capacity to attain elevated levels of carotenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Rong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
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Tsegaye Y, Yeh P, Holmes V, Jones M, Kilbo A, Micklem CN, Tsai CH, Paddon CJ. Coproduction of Phase-Separated Carotenoids and β-Farnesene as a Yeast Biomass Valorization Strategy. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2934-2946. [PMID: 37721978 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Valorization, the process whereby waste materials are converted into more valuable products, is rarely practiced in industrial fermentation. We developed a model valorization system whereby Saccharomyces cerevisiae that had previously been engineered to produce high concentrations (>100 g/L) of extracellular β-farnesene was further engineered to simultaneously produce intracellular carotenoids, both products being isoprenoids. Thus, a single fermentation generates two valuable products, namely, β-farnesene in the liquid phase and carotenoids in the solid biomass phase. Initial attempts to produce high levels of canthaxanthin (a ketocarotenoid used extensively in animal feed) in a β-farnesene production strain negatively impacted both biomass growth and β-farnesene production. A refined approach used a promoter titration strategy to reduce β-carotene production to a level that had minimal impact on growth and β-farnesene production in fed-batch fermentations and then engineered the resulting strain to produce canthaxanthin. Further optimization of canthaxanthin coproduction used a bioprospecting approach to identify ketolase enzymes that maximized conversion of β-carotene to canthaxanthin. Finally, we demonstrated that β-carotene is not present in the extracellular β-farnesene at a significant concentration and that which is present can be removed by a simple distillation, indicating that β-farnesene (the primary fermentation product) purity is unaffected by coproduction of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Tsegaye
- Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Phoebe Yeh
- Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Victor Holmes
- Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Matthew Jones
- Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Alexander Kilbo
- Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Chris N Micklem
- Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Chia-Hong Tsai
- Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Christopher J Paddon
- Amyris, Inc., 5885 Hollis St., Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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Madhavan A, Arun KB, Alex D, Anoopkumar AN, Emmanual S, Chaturvedi P, Varjani S, Tiwari A, Kumar V, Reshmy R, Awasthi MK, Binod P, Aneesh EM, Sindhu R. Microbial production of nutraceuticals: Metabolic engineering interventions in phenolic compounds, poly unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids synthesis. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:2092-2104. [PMID: 37273565 PMCID: PMC10232702 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have attained substantial attention due to their health-boosting or disease-prevention characteristics. Growing awareness about the potential of nutraceuticals for the prevention and management of diseases affecting human has led to an increase in the market value of nutraceuticals in several billion dollars. Nevertheless, limitations in supply and isolation complications from plants, animals or fungi, limit the large-scale production of nutraceuticals. Microbial engineering at metabolic level has been proved as an environment friendly substitute for the chemical synthesis of nutraceuticals. Extensively used microbial systems such as E. coli and S. cerevisiae have been modified as versatile cell factories for the synthesis of diverse nutraceuticals. This review describes current interventions in metabolic engineering for synthesising some of the therapeutically important nutraceuticals (phenolic compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids). We focus on the interventions in enhancing product yield through engineering at gene level or pathway level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014 India
| | - K. B. Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014 India
| | - Deepthy Alex
- Department of Biotechnology, Mar Ivanios College, Trivandrum, Kerala 695015 India
| | - A. N. Anoopkumar
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases (CRET‑D), University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala India
| | - Shibitha Emmanual
- Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College, Thrissur, Kerala 680121 India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Paryavaran Bhavan, CHH Road, Sector 10 A, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382010 India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201301 India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, J & K 180001 India
| | - R. Reshmy
- Department of Science and Humanities, Providence College of Engineering, Chengannur, Kerala 689122 India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695019 India
| | - Embalil Mathachan Aneesh
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases (CRET‑D), University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala 691505 India
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Gosselin-Monplaisir T, Dagkesamanskaya A, Rigal M, Floch A, Furger C, Martin-Yken H. A New Role for Yeast Cells in Health and Nutrition: Antioxidant Power Assessment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11800. [PMID: 37511557 PMCID: PMC10380906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the use of antioxidant compounds in the domains of health, nutrition and well-being is exponentially rising, there is an urgent need to quantify antioxidant power quickly and easily, ideally within living cells. We developed an Anti Oxidant Power in Yeast (AOPY) assay which allows for the quantitative measurement of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and free-radical scavenging effects of various molecules in a high-throughput compatible format. Key parameters for Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated, and the optimal values were determined for each of them. The cell density in the reaction mixture was fixed at 0.6; the concentration of the fluorescent biosensor (TO) was found to be optimal at 64 µM, and the strongest response was observed for exponentially growing cells. Our optimized procedure allows accurate quantification of the antioxidant effect in yeast of well-known antioxidant molecules: resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin and astaxanthin added in the culture medium. Moreover, using a genetically engineered carotenoid-producing yeast strain, we realized the proof of concept of the usefulness of this new assay to measure the amount of β-carotene directly inside living cells, without the need for cell lysis and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gosselin-Monplaisir
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Anti Oxidant Power AOP, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Naz T, Ullah S, Nazir Y, Li S, Iqbal B, Liu Q, Mohamed H, Song Y. Industrially Important Fungal Carotenoids: Advancements in Biotechnological Production and Extraction. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050578. [PMID: 37233289 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipid-soluble compounds that are present in nature, including plants and microorganisms such as fungi, certain bacteria, and algae. In fungi, they are widely present in almost all taxonomic classifications. Fungal carotenoids have gained special attention due to their biochemistry and the genetics of their synthetic pathway. The antioxidant potential of carotenoids may help fungi survive longer in their natural environment. Carotenoids may be produced in greater quantities using biotechnological methods than by chemical synthesis or plant extraction. The initial focus of this review is on industrially important carotenoids in the most advanced fungal and yeast strains, with a brief description of their taxonomic classification. Biotechnology has long been regarded as the most suitable alternative way of producing natural pigment from microbes due to their immense capacity to accumulate these pigments. So, this review mainly presents the recent progress in the genetic modification of native and non-native producers to modify the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway for enhanced carotenoid production, as well as factors affecting carotenoid biosynthesis in fungal strains and yeast, and proposes various extraction methods to obtain high yields of carotenoids in an attempt to find suitable greener extraction methods. Finally, a brief description of the challenges regarding the commercialization of these fungal carotenoids and the solution is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Naz
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Samee Ullah
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Food Science and Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Nazir
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Bushra Iqbal
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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Wang N, Peng H, Yang C, Guo W, Wang M, Li G, Liu D. Metabolic Engineering of Model Microorganisms for the Production of Xanthophyll. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1252. [PMID: 37317226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthophyll is an oxidated version of carotenoid. It presents significant value to the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its specific antioxidant activity and variety of colors. Chemical processing and conventional extraction from natural organisms are still the main sources of xanthophyll. However, the current industrial production model can no longer meet the demand for human health care, reducing petrochemical energy consumption and green sustainable development. With the swift development of genetic metabolic engineering, xanthophyll synthesis by the metabolic engineering of model microorganisms shows great application potential. At present, compared to carotenes such as lycopene and β-carotene, xanthophyll has a relatively low production in engineering microorganisms due to its stronger inherent antioxidation, relatively high polarity, and longer metabolic pathway. This review comprehensively summarized the progress in xanthophyll synthesis by the metabolic engineering of model microorganisms, described strategies to improve xanthophyll production in detail, and proposed the current challenges and future efforts needed to build commercialized xanthophyll-producing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huakang Peng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Caifeng Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenfang Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gangqiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dehu Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Amendola S, Kneip JS, Meyer F, Perozeni F, Cazzaniga S, Lauersen KJ, Ballottari M, Baier T. Metabolic Engineering for Efficient Ketocarotenoid Accumulation in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:820-831. [PMID: 36821819 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a valuable ketocarotenoid with various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Green microalgae harbor natural capacities for pigment accumulation due to their 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Recently, a redesigned ß-carotene ketolase (BKT) was found to enable ketocarotenoid accumulation in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and transformants exhibited reduced photoinhibition under high-light. Here, a systematic screening by synthetic transgene design of carotenoid pathway enzymes and overexpression from the nuclear genome identified phytoene synthase (PSY/crtB) as a bottleneck for carotenoid accumulation in C. reinhardtii. Increased ß-carotene hydroxylase (CHYB) activity was found to be essential for engineered astaxanthin accumulation. A combined BKT, crtB, and CHYB expression strategy resulted in a volumetric astaxanthin production of 9.5 ± 0.3 mg L-1 (4.5 ± 0.1 mg g-1 CDW) in mixotrophic and 23.5 mg L-1 (1.09 mg L-1 h-1) in high cell density conditions, a 4-fold increase compared to previous reports in C. reinhardtii. This work presents a systematic investigation of bottlenecks in astaxanthin accumulation in C. reinhardtii and the phototrophic green cell factory design for competitive use in industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Amendola
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jacob S Kneip
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Meyer
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Federico Perozeni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Kyle J Lauersen
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Thomas Baier
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Eroglu A, Al'Abri IS, Kopec RE, Crook N, Bohn T. Carotenoids and Their Health Benefits as Derived via Their Interactions with Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:238-255. [PMID: 36775788 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have been related to a number of health benefits. Their dietary intake and circulating levels have been associated with a reduced incidence of obesity, diabetes, certain types of cancer, and even lower total mortality. Their potential interaction with the gut microbiota (GM) has been generally overlooked but may be of relevance, as carotenoids largely bypass absorption in the small intestine and are passed on to the colon, where they appear to be in part degraded into unknown metabolites. These may include apo-carotenoids that may have biological effects because of higher aqueous solubility and higher electrophilicity that could better target transcription factors, i.e., NF-κB, PPARγ, and RAR/RXRs. If absorbed in the colon, they could have both local and systemic effects. Certain microbes that may be supplemented were also reported to produce carotenoids in the colon. Although some bactericidal aspects of carotenoids have been shown in vitro, a few studies have also demonstrated a prebiotic-like effect, resulting in bacterial shifts with health-associated properties. Also, stimulation of IgA could play a role in this respect. Carotenoids may further contribute to mucosal and gut barrier health, such as stabilizing tight junctions. This review highlights potential gut-related health-beneficial effects of carotenoids and emphasizes the current research gaps regarding carotenoid-GM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Ibrahim S Al'Abri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Crook
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, rue 1 A-B, Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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12
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Lin YJ, Chang JJ, Huang HT, Lee CP, Hu YF, Wu ML, Huang CY, Nan FH. Improving red-color performance, immune response and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus on white shrimp Penaeus vannamei by an engineered astaxanthin yeast. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2248. [PMID: 36755087 PMCID: PMC9908916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST), a super antioxidant with coloring and medical properties, renders it a beneficial feed additive for shrimp. This study conducted a white shrimp feeding trial of 3S, 3'S isoform AST, which was derived from metabolic-engineered Kluyveromyces marxianus fermented broth (TB) and its extract (TE) compared to sources from two chemically synthetic ASTs (Carophyll Pink [CP] and Lucantin Pink [LP]), which contain 3S, 3'S, 3R, 3'S (3S, 3'R) and 3R, 3'R isoforms ratio of 1:2:1. The effects on red coloration, immune parameters and resistance to Vibrio infection were evaluated. Four AST sources were incorporated into the diets at concentrations of 0 (control), 100 mg kg-1 (TB100, TE100, CP100, and LP100), and 200 mg kg-1 (TB200, TE200, CP200, and LP200). Results revealed that in week 4, shrimps that received AST-supplemented feeds, especially TB100, TB200, and TE200, significantly increased redness (a*) values. Immune responses including phagocytosis activity, superoxide-anion production, phenoloxidase activity, and immune-related genes were examined on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Generally, shrimps that received AST-supplemented feeds exhibited higher immune responses on days 7 and 14 than the control feed. Gene expression levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly upregulated on days 7 and 14 in shrimps that received AST-supplemented feeds, while genes of penaeidins, antilipopolysaccharide factor, and lysozyme were upregulated on days 4, 7, and 14, especially received TB200 and TE200. Furthermore, shrimps that received TB100, TE100, CP100, and LP100 7 days were then challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the result demonstrated higher survival rates especially TB100 at 168 h than the control feed. In conclusion, incorporating AST into the diets enhanced shrimp red coloration, immune parameters, and resistance against V. parahaemolyticus infection. The K. marxianus-derived AST exhibited higher performance than did chemical AST to be a potential feed additive in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Jen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Ting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Ping Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yeh-Fang Hu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mao-Lun Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
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13
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Watcharawipas A, Runguphan W. Red yeasts and their carotenogenic enzymes for microbial carotenoid production. FEMS Yeast Res 2023; 23:6895548. [PMID: 36513367 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are C40 isoprene-based compounds with significant commercial interests that harbor diverse bioactivities. Prominent examples of carotenoids are beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A essential for proper eye health, and lycopene and astaxanthin, powerful antioxidants implicated in preventing cancers and atherosclerosis. Due to their benefits to human health, the market value for carotenoids is rapidly increasing and is projected to reach USD 1.7 billion by 2025. However, their production now relies on chemical synthesis and extraction from plants that pose risks to food management and numerous biological safety issues. Thus, carotenoid production from microbes is considered a promising strategy for achieving a healthy society with more sustainability. Red yeast is a heterogeneous group of basidiomycetous fungi capable of producing carotenoids. It is a critical source of microbial carotenoids from low-cost substrates. Carotenogenic enzymes from red yeasts have also been highly efficient, invaluable biological resources for biotechnological applications. In this minireview, we focus on red yeast as a promising source for microbial carotenoids, strain engineering strategies for improving carotenoid production in red yeasts, and potential applications of carotenogenic enzymes from red yeasts in conventional and nonconventional yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaraphol Watcharawipas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Weerawat Runguphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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14
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Ding YW, Lu CZ, Zheng Y, Ma HZ, Jin J, Jia B, Yuan YJ. Directed evolution of the fusion enzyme for improving astaxanthin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 8:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
As a high-valued antioxidant, astaxanthin biosynthesis using microbial cell factories has attracted increasing attention. However, its lipophilic nature conflicts with the limited storage capacity for lipophilic substances of model microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expansion of lipid droplets by enhancing lipid synthesis provides more storage room while diverting the metabolic flux from the target pathway. Therefore, proper spatial regulation is required. In this study, a library of genes related to lipid metabolism were screened using the trifunctional CRISPR system, identifying opi3 and hrd1 as new engineering targets to promote astaxanthin synthesis by moderately rather than excessively upregulating lipid synthesis. The astaxanthin yield reached 9.79 mg/g DCW after lipid engineering and was further improved to 10.21 mg/g DCW by balancing the expression of β-carotene hydroxylase and ketolase. Finally, by combining spatial regulation through lipid droplet engineering and temporal regulation via temperature-responsive pathway expression, 446.4 mg/L astaxanthin was produced in fed-batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
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16
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Basiony M, Ouyang L, Wang D, Yu J, Zhou L, Zhu M, Wang X, Feng J, Dai J, Shen Y, Zhang C, Hua Q, Yang X, Zhang L. Optimization of microbial cell factories for astaxanthin production: Biosynthesis and regulations, engineering strategies and fermentation optimization strategies. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:689-704. [PMID: 35261927 PMCID: PMC8866108 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The global market demand for natural astaxanthin is rapidly increasing owing to its safety, the potential health benefits, and the diverse applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The major native producers of natural astaxanthin on industrial scale are the alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the yeast Xanthopyllomyces dendrorhous. However, the natural production via these native producers is facing challenges of limited yield and high cost of cultivation and extraction. Alternatively, astaxanthin production via metabolically engineered non-native microbial cell factories such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica is another promising strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review we summarize the recent scientific and biotechnological progresses on astaxanthin biosynthetic pathways, transcriptional regulations, the interrelation with lipid metabolism, engineering strategies as well as fermentation process control in major native and non-native astaxanthin producers. These progresses illuminate the prospects of producing astaxanthin by microbial cell factories on industrial scale.
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17
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Jia B, Jin J, Han M, Li B, Yuan Y. Directed yeast genome evolution by controlled introduction of trans-chromosomic structural variations. Sci China Life Sci 2022; 65:1703-1717. [PMID: 35633480 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring structural variations (SVs) are a considerable source of genomic variation that can reshape the 3D architecture of chromosomes. Controllable methods aimed at introducing the complex SVs and their related molecular mechanisms have remained farfetched. In this study, an SV-prone yeast strain was developed using Synthetic Chromosome Rearrangement and Modification by LoxP-mediated Evolution (SCRaMbLE) technology with two synthetic chromosomes, namely synV and synX. The biosynthesis of astaxanthin is used as a readout and a proof of concept for the application of SVs in industries. Our findings showed that complex SVs, including a pericentric inversion and a trans-chromosome translocation between synV and synX, resulted in two neo-chromosomes and a 2.7-fold yield of astaxanthin. Also, genetic targets were mapped, which resulted in a higher astaxanthin yield, thus demonstrating the SVs' ability to reorganize genetic information along the chromosomes. The rational design of trans-chromosome translocation and pericentric inversion enabled precise induction of these phenomena. Collectively, this study provides an effective tool to not only accelerate the directed genome evolution but also to reveal the mechanistic insight of complex SVs for altering phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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18
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Jin J, Jia B, Yuan YJ. Combining nucleotide variations and structure variations for improving astaxanthin biosynthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:79. [PMID: 35527251 PMCID: PMC9082887 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutational technology has been used to achieve genome-wide variations in laboratory and industrial microorganisms. Genetic polymorphisms of natural genome evolution include nucleotide variations and structural variations, which inspired us to suggest that both types of genotypic variations are potentially useful in improving the performance of chassis cells for industrial applications. However, highly efficient approaches that simultaneously generate structural and nucleotide variations are still lacking. Results The aim of this study was to develop a method of increasing biosynthesis of astaxanthin in yeast by Combining Nucleotide variations And Structure variations (CNAS), which were generated by combinations of Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and Synthetic Chromosome Recombination and Modification by LoxP-Mediated Evolution (SCRaMbLE) system. CNAS was applied to increase the biosynthesis of astaxanthin in yeast and resulted in improvements of 2.2- and 7.0-fold in the yield of astaxanthin. Furthermore, this method was shown to be able to generate structures (deletion, duplication, and inversion) as well as nucleotide variations (SNPs and InDels) simultaneously. Additionally, genetic analysis of the genotypic variations of an astaxanthin improved strain revealed that the deletion of YJR116W and the C2481G mutation of YOL084W enhanced yield of astaxanthin, suggesting a genotype-to-phenotype relationship. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the CNAS strategy could generate both structure variations and nucleotide variations, allowing the enhancement of astaxanthin yield by different genotypes in yeast. Overall, this study provided a valuable tool for generating genomic variation diversity that has desirable phenotypes as well as for knowing the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes in evolutionary processes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01793-6.
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Zhu HZ, Jiang S, Wu JJ, Zhou XR, Liu PY, Huang FH, Wan X. Production of High Levels of 3 S,3' S-Astaxanthin in Yarrowia lipolytica via Iterative Metabolic Engineering. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2673-2683. [PMID: 35191700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a highly value-added keto-carotenoid compound. The astaxanthin 3S,3'S-isomer is more desirable for food additives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to health concerns about chemically synthesized counterparts with a mixture of three isomers. Biosynthesis of 3S,3'S-astaxanthin suffers from limited content and productivity. We engineered Yarrowia lipolytica to produce high levels of 3S,3'S-astaxanthin. We first assessed various β-carotene ketolases (CrtW) and β-carotene hydroxylases (CrtZ) from two algae and a plant. HpCrtW and HpCrtZ from Haematococcus pluvialis exhibited the strongest activity in converting β-carotene into astaxanthin in Y. lipolytica. We then fine-tuned the HpCrtW and HpCrtZ transcriptional expression by increasing the rounds of gene integration into the genome and applied a modular enzyme assembly of HpCrtW and HpCrtZ simultaneously. Next, we rescued leucine biosynthesis in the engineered Y. lipolytica, leading to a five-fold increase in biomass. The astaxanthin production achieved from these strategies was 3.3 g/L or 41.3 mg/g dry cell weight under fed-batch conditions, which is the highest level reported in microbial chassis to date. This study provides the potential for industrial production of 3S,3'S-astaxanthin, and this strategy empowers us to build a sustainable biorefinery platform for generating other value-added carotenoids in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Zhi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | | | - Peng-Yang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Feng-Hong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
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20
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Hussain MH, Mohsin MZ, Zaman WQ, Yu J, Zhao X, Wei Y, Zhuang Y, Mohsin A, Guo M. Multiscale engineering of microbial cell factories: A step forward towards sustainable natural products industry. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:586-601. [PMID: 35155840 PMCID: PMC8816652 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial cell factories (bacteria and fungi) are the leading producers of beneficial natural products such as lycopene, carotene, herbal medicine, and biodiesel etc. These microorganisms are considered efficient due to their effective bioprocessing strategy (monoculture- and consortial-based approach) under distinct processing conditions. Meanwhile, the advancement in genetic and process optimization techniques leads to enhanced biosynthesis of natural products that are known functional ingredients with numerous applications in the food, cosmetic and medical industries. Natural consortia and monoculture thrive in nature in a small proportion, such as wastewater, food products, and soils. In similitude to natural consortia, it is possible to engineer artificial microbial consortia and program their behaviours via synthetic biology tools. Therefore, this review summarizes the optimization of genetic and physicochemical parameters of the microbial system for improved production of natural products. Also, this review presents a brief history of natural consortium and describes the functional properties of monocultures. This review focuses on synthetic biology tools that enable new approaches to design synthetic consortia; and highlights the syntropic interactions that determine the performance and stability of synthetic consortia. In particular, the effect of processing conditions and advanced genetic techniques to improve the productibility of both monoculture and consortial based systems have been greatly emphasized. In this context, possible strategies are also discussed to give an insight into microbial engineering for improved production of natural products in the future. In summary, it is concluded that the coupling of genomic modifications with optimum physicochemical factors would be promising for producing a robust microbial cell factory that shall contribute to the increased production of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hammad Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Waqas Qamar Zaman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Junxiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xueli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Yanlong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Corresponding author. East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Corresponding author. P.O. box 329#, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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Abstract
Carotenoids represent a class of pigmented terpenoids. They are distributed in all taxonomic groups of fungi. Most of the fungal carotenoids differ in their chemical structures to those from other organisms. The general function of carotenoids in heterotrophic organisms is protection as antioxidants against reactive oxygen species generated by photosensitized reactions. Furthermore, carotenoids are metabolized to apocarotenoids by oxidative cleavage. This review presents the current knowledge on fungal-specific carotenoids, their occurrence in different taxonomic groups, and their biosynthesis and conversion into trisporic acids. The outline of the different pathways was focused on the reactions and genes involved in not only the known pathways, but also suggested the possible mechanisms of reactions, which may occur in several non-characterized pathways in different fungi. Finally, efforts and strategies for genetic engineering to enhance or establish pathways for the production of various carotenoids in carotenogenic or non-carotenogenic yeasts were highlighted, addressing the most-advanced producers of each engineered yeast, which offered the highest biotechnological potentials as production systems.
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22
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Lu Q, Zhou XL, Liu JZ. Adaptive laboratory evolution and shuffling of Escherichia coli to enhance its tolerance and production of astaxanthin. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2022; 15:17. [PMID: 35418156 PMCID: PMC8851715 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Astaxanthin is one of the strongest antioxidants in nature and has been widely used in aquaculture, food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Numerous stresses caused in the process of a large scale-culture, such as high acetate concentration, high osmolarity, high level of reactive oxygen species, high glucose concentration and acid environment, etc., limit cell growth to reach the real high cell density, thereby affecting astaxanthin production. Results We developed an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) strategy to enhance the production of chemicals by improving strain tolerance against industrial fermentation conditions. This ALE strategy resulted in 18.5% and 53.7% increases in cell growth and astaxanthin production in fed-batch fermentation, respectively. Whole-genome resequencing showed that 65 mutations with amino acid substitution were identified in 61 genes of the shuffled strain Escherichia coli AST-4AS. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and activation (CRISPRa) revealed that the shuffled strain with higher astaxanthin production may be associated with the mutations of some stress response protein genes, some fatty acid biosynthetic genes and rppH. Repression of yadC, ygfI and rcsC, activation of rnb, envZ and recC further improved the production of astaxanthin in the shuffled strain E. coli AST-4AS. Simultaneous deletion of yadC and overexpression of rnb increased the production of astaxanthin by 32% in the shuffled strain E. coli AST-4AS. Conclusion This ALE strategy will be powerful in engineering microorganisms for the high-level production of chemicals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02118-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhou
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Grewal J, Woła̧cewicz M, Pyter W, Joshi N, Drewniak L, Pranaw K. Colorful Treasure From Agro-Industrial Wastes: A Sustainable Chassis for Microbial Pigment Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832918. [PMID: 35173704 PMCID: PMC8841802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colors with their attractive appeal have been an integral part of human lives and the easy cascade of chemical catalysis enables fast, bulk production of these synthetic colorants with low costs. However, the resulting hazardous impacts on the environment and human health has stimulated an interest in natural pigments as a safe and ecologically clean alternative. Amidst sources of natural producers, the microbes with their diversity, ease of all-season production and peculiar bioactivities are attractive entities for industrial production of these marketable natural colorants. Further, in line with circular bioeconomy and environmentally clean technologies, the use of agro-industrial wastes as feedstocks for carrying out the microbial transformations paves way for sustainable and cost-effective production of these valuable secondary metabolites with simultaneous waste management. The present review aims to comprehensively cover the current green workflow of microbial colorant production by encompassing the potency of waste feedstocks and fermentation technologies. The commercially important pigments viz. astaxanthin, prodigiosin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, and β-carotene produced by native and engineered bacterial, fungal, or yeast strains have been elaborately discussed with their versatile applications in food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, cosmetics, etc. The limitations and their economic viability to meet the future market demands have been envisaged. The most recent advances in various molecular approaches to develop engineered microbiological systems for enhanced pigment production have been included to provide new perspectives to this burgeoning field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lyu X, Lyu Y, Yu H, Chen W, Ye L, Yang R. Biotechnological advances for improving natural pigment production: a state-of-the-art review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:8. [PMID: 38647847 PMCID: PMC10992905 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In current years, natural pigments are facing a fast-growing global market due to the increase of people's awareness of health and the discovery of novel pharmacological effects of various natural pigments, e.g., carotenoids, flavonoids, and curcuminoids. However, the traditional production approaches are source-dependent and generally subject to the low contents of target pigment compounds. In order to scale-up industrial production, many efforts have been devoted to increasing pigment production from natural producers, via development of both in vitro plant cell/tissue culture systems, as well as optimization of microbial cultivation approaches. Moreover, synthetic biology has opened the door for heterologous biosynthesis of pigments via design and re-construction of novel biological modules as well as biological systems in bio-platforms. In this review, the innovative methods and strategies for optimization and engineering of both native and heterologous producers of natural pigments are comprehensively summarized. Current progress in the production of several representative high-value natural pigments is also presented; and the remaining challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lyu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lyu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - WeiNing Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruijin Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan H, Tu R, Tong X, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q. OUP accepted manuscript. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 49:6544676. [PMID: 35259275 PMCID: PMC9142201 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool for single-cell screening with ultrahigh throughput, but its widespread application remains limited by the accessibility of a droplet microfluidic high-throughput screening (HTS) platform, especially to common laboratories having no background in microfluidics. Here, we first developed a microfluidic HTS platform based on fluorescence-activated droplet sorting technology. This platform allowed (i) encapsulation of single cells in monodisperse water-in-oil droplets; (ii) cell growth and protein production in droplets; and (iii) sorting of droplets based on their fluorescence intensities. To validate the platform, a model selection experiment of a binary mixture of Bacillus strains was performed, and a 45.6-fold enrichment was achieved at a sorting rate of 300 droplets per second. Furthermore, we used the platform for the selection of higher α-amylase-producing Bacillus licheniformis strains from a mutant library generated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis, and clones displaying over 50% improvement in α-amylase productivity were isolated. This droplet screening system could be applied to the engineering of other industrially valuable strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinwei Tong
- Shandong Longkete Enzyme Preparations Co., Ltd, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Qinhong Wang. Phone: +86-22-24821950. Fax: +86-22-24821950. E-mail:
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Liu M, Yang Y, Li L, Ma Y, Huang J, Ye J. Engineering Sphingobium sp. to Accumulate Various Carotenoids Using Agro-Industrial Byproducts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:784559. [PMID: 34805130 PMCID: PMC8600064 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.784559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids represent the most abundant lipid-soluble phytochemicals that have been shown to exhibit benefits for nutrition and health. The production of natural carotenoids is not yet cost effective to compete with chemically synthetic ones. Therefore, the demand for natural carotenoids and improved efficiency of carotenoid biosynthesis has driven the investigation of metabolic engineering of native carotenoid producers. In this study, a new Sphingobium sp. was isolated, and it was found that it could use a variety of agro-industrial byproducts like soybean meal, okara, and corn steep liquor to accumulate large amounts of nostoxanthin. Then we tailored it into three mutated strains that instead specifically accumulated ∼5 mg/g of CDW of phytoene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin due to the loss-of-function of the specific enzyme. A high-efficiency targeted engineering carotenoid synthesis platform was constructed in Escherichia coli for identifying the functional roles of candidate genes of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in Sphingobium sp. To further prolong the metabolic pathway, we engineered the Sphingobium sp. to produce high-titer astaxanthin (10 mg/g of DCW) through balance in the key enzymes β-carotene ketolase (BKT) and β-carotene hydroxylase (CHY). Our study provided more biosynthesis components for bioengineering of carotenoids and highlights the potential of the industrially important bacterium for production of various natural carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingrun Ye
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Wang W, Liu M, Fawzy S, Xue Y, Wu M, Huang X, Yi G, Lin Q. Effects of Dietary Phaffia rhodozyma Astaxanthin on Growth Performance, Carotenoid Analysis, Biochemical and Immune-Physiological Parameters, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance in Penaeus monodon. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:762689. [PMID: 34803988 PMCID: PMC8595476 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.762689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary astaxanthin (Ast) from Phaffia rhodozyma on growth performance, survival, carotenoid content, the activity of antioxidant and immune-related enzymes, intestinal microbiota comparison, and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Penaeus monodon. Juveniles (average weight 3.15 ± 0.12 g) were fed with six experimental diets supplemented with 0 (Control), 20.5, 41, 61.5, 82, and 102.5 mg/kg of Ast (defined as diet A–D) in triplicate for 56 days. The results indicated that shrimp fed with Ast supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) improved growth performance compared with the control. Furthermore, significantly (p < 0.05) increased survival and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) demonstrated the beneficial effects of dietary Ast on enhancing nutrient utilization and ultimately improving the growth and survival of shrimp. Furthermore, shrimp fed with Ast including diet developed a deeper red color than the control, consistent with the significantly (p < 0.05) increased Ast deposition in the shrimp shell. Hemolymph-immunological parameters [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP)] and hepatopancreatic antioxidant status [total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by dietary Ast supplementation. Dietary increasing Ast levels significantly (p < 0.05) increased shrimp resistance performance to V. parahaemolyticus according to the LT50 results in the current study, which may be caused by increased total carotenoid contents in shrimp tissues from all the Ast-supplemented treatments. Conversely, intestinal microbiota biodiversity and richness were not affected by dietary Ast. The best performances of growth, antioxidant status, immunological response, and carotenoid deposition were observed in diets E and F among all the Ast-supplemented treatments. Overall, all the data suggested that dietary P. rhodozyma Ast played a critical role in improving growth performance, achieving the desired coloration, increasing carotenoid content, and keeping better health status of shrimp. Based on these positive performances, P. rhodozyma Ast could gain the trust of the consumers as a natural source and provide a potential alternative for synthetic Ast using in the Penaeus monodon culture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Wang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samia Fawzy
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucai Xue
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqin Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuxiong Huang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganfeng Yi
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Beijing Dabeinong Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Ma Y, Li J, Huang S, Stephanopoulos G. Targeting pathway expression to subcellular organelles improves astaxanthin synthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica. Metab Eng 2021; 68:152-161. [PMID: 34634493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering approaches for the production of high-value chemicals in microorganisms mostly use the cytosol as general reaction vessel. However, sequestration of enzymes and substrates, and metabolic cross-talk frequently prevent efficient synthesis of target compounds in the cytosol. Organelle compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells suggests ways for overcoming these challenges. Here we have explored this strategy by expressing the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in sub-organelles of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. We first showed that fusion of the two enzymes converting β-carotene to astaxanthin, β-carotene ketolase and hydroxylase, performs better than the expression of individual enzymes. We next evaluated the pathway when expressed in compartments of lipid body, endoplasmic reticulum or peroxisome, individually and in combination. Targeting the astaxanthin pathway to subcellular organelles not only accelerated the conversion of β-carotene to astaxanthin, but also significantly decreased accumulation of the ketocarotenoid intermediates. Anchoring enzymes simultaneously to all three organelles yielded the largest increase of astaxanthin synthesis, and ultimately produced 858 mg/L of astaxanthin in fed-batch fermentation (a 141-fold improvement over the initial strain). Our study is expected to help unlock the full potential of subcellular compartments and advance LB-based compartmentalized isoprenoid biosynthesis in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States.
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Lim KC, Yusoff FM, Shariff M, Kamarudin MS. Dietary astaxanthin augments disease resistance of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790), against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 114:90-101. [PMID: 33838221 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This investigation describes the impacts of dietary provisioning with astaxanthin on hemato-biochemistry, non-specific immunity, and disease resistance of the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, against the virulent Vibrio alginolyticus; with specific reference to dose-response associations and variations over different post-infection periods (0-, 7-, and 14-day). Triplicate groups of fish weighing 28 g, on average, were fed various diets (C, the control or astaxanthin-free; AXT50, 50 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet; AXT100, 100 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet; and AXT150, 150 mg astaxanthin kg-1 diet) for 90 days and subsequently challenged with V. alginolyticus at the end of the feeding period. Experimental infection unveiled that supplemented fish demonstrated significant improvements (P < 0.05) of hematological parameters (white blood cell [WBC] and red blood cell [RBC] counts, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels) when fed diets with elevating supplemental doses of astaxanthin through distinct post-infection periods (0-, 7-, and 14-day). Furthermore, the administration of dietary astaxanthin at escalating levels markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) the serum biochemical profile (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], glucose, cortisol, cholesterol, and triglyceride contents) of challenged fish, resulting in better welfare. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) contents of serum total protein were observed in supplemented fish, as opposed to the control. Additionally, immunological defense mechanisms (lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, and total serum immunoglobulin) of challenged fish were pronouncedly elicited (P < 0.05) following the ingestion of astaxanthin. Besides, the supplementation with dietary astaxanthin significantly augmented (P < 0.05) the post-challenge survival rate of fish. Collectively, the results manifest that supplementary feeding of astaxanthin is effective in reinforcing fish immunocompetence and disease resistance against V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chin Lim
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Shariff
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Salleh Kamarudin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wan FC, Zhang C, Jin Q, Wei C, Zhao HB, Zhang XL, You W, Liu XM, Liu GF, Liu YF, Tan XW. Protective effects of astaxanthin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in bovine endometrial epithelial cells†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:339-347. [PMID: 31566218 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST), a natural antioxidant carotenoid, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, to our knowledge, no study has specifically addressed the potential protective effects of AST against bovine endometritis. The purpose of this study was to examine whether treatment with AST could protect endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury. Treatment of bovine endometrial (BEND) epithelial cell line with AST reduced LPS-induced production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, increased the cellular activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells, and promoted the production of insulin-like growth factor and epithelial growth factor. The effects of AST were mediated through the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 and through the upregulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, AST significantly increased the expression of the tight junction proteins (TJP) claudin, cadherin-1, and TJP1, which play an essential role in the maintenance of host endometrial defense barrier against pathogen infection. Collectively, these results demonstrated that treatment with AST protected against oxidative stress, prevented cell apoptosis, promoted BEND cells viability, and increased the production of growth factors, in addition to activating the endometrial defense barrier. Therefore, AST is a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of endometritis. This finding is of utmost importance in the present times when the excessive use of antibiotics has resulted in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Chun Wan
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Xiang-Lun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Wei You
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Xiao-Mu Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Gui-Fen Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Tan
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Ji'nan City, China.,Shandong Provincial Testing Center of Beef Cattle Performance, Ji'nan City, China
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Su B, Li A, Deng MR, Zhu H. Identification of a novel metabolic engineering target for carotenoid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via ethanol-induced adaptive laboratory evolution. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:47. [PMID: 38650275 PMCID: PMC10992865 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a large family of health-beneficial compounds that have been widely used in the food and nutraceutical industries. There have been extensive studies to engineer Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of carotenoids, which already gained high level. However, it was difficult to discover new targets that were relevant to the accumulation of carotenoids. Herein, a new, ethanol-induced adaptive laboratory evolution was applied to boost carotenoid accumulation in a carotenoid producer BL03-D-4, subsequently, an evolved strain M3 was obtained with a 5.1-fold increase in carotenoid yield. Through whole-genome resequencing and reverse engineering, loss-of-function mutation of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) was revealed as the major cause of increased carotenoid yield. Transcriptome analysis was conducted to reveal the potential mechanisms for improved yield, and strengthening of gluconeogenesis and downregulation of cell wall-related genes were observed in M3. This study provided a classic case where the appropriate selective pressure could be employed to improve carotenoid yield using adaptive evolution and elucidated the causal mutation of evolved strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buli Su
- Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Anzhang Li
- Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Rong Deng
- Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Jiang L, Chen X, Lv K, Basiony M, Zhu G, Karthik L, Ouyang L, Zhang L, Liu X. Recent advances in biotechnology for marine enzymes and molecules. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:308-15. [PMID: 34116375 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment is the most biologically and chemically diverse habitat on Earth, and provides numerous marine-derived products, including enzymes and molecules, for industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Marine biotechnology provides important biological resources from marine habitat conservation to applied science. In recent years, advances in techniques in interdisciplinary research fields, including metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have significantly improved the production of marine-derived commodities. In this review, we outline the recent progress in the use or marine enzymes and molecules in biotechnology, including newly discovered products, function optimization of enzymes, and production improvement of small molecules.
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Rodríguez-Sifuentes L, Marszalek JE, Hernández-Carbajal G, Chuck-Hernández C. Importance of Downstream Processing of Natural Astaxanthin for Pharmaceutical Application. Front Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2020.601483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll pigment considered as a nutraceutical with high antioxidant activity. Several clinical trials have shown the multiple health benefits of this molecule; therefore, it has various pharmaceutical industry applications. Commercial astaxanthin can be produced by chemical synthesis or through biosynthesis within different microorganisms. The molecule produced by the microorganisms is highly preferred due to its zero toxicity and superior therapeutic properties. However, the biotechnological production of the xanthophyll is not competitive against the chemical synthesis, since the downstream process may represent 70–80% of the process production cost. These operations denote then an opportunity to optimize the process and make this alternative more competitive. Since ASX is produced intracellularly by the microorganisms, high investment and high operational costs, like centrifugation and bead milling or high-pressure homogenization, are mainly used. In cell recovery, flocculation and flotation may represent low energy demanding techniques, whereas, after cell disruption, an efficient extraction technique is necessary to extract the highest percentage of ASX produced by the cell. Solvent extraction is the traditional method, but large-scale ASX production has adopted supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2), an efficient and environmentally friendly technology. On the other hand, assisted technologies are extensively reported since the cell disruption, and ASX extraction can be carried out in a single step. Because a high-purity product is required in pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical applications, the use of chromatography is necessary for the downstream process. Traditionally liquid-solid chromatography techniques are applied; however, the recent emergence of liquid-liquid chromatography like high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with liquid-solid chromatography allows high productivity and purity up to 99% of ASX. Additionally, the use of SC-CO2, coupled with two-dimensional chromatography, is very promising. Finally, the purified ASX needs to be formulated to ensure its stability and bioavailability; thus, encapsulation is widely employed. In this review, we focus on the processes of cell recovery, cell disruption, drying, extraction, purification, and formulation of ASX mainly produced in Haematococcus pluvialis, Phaffia rhodozyma, and Paracoccus carotinifaciens. We discuss the current technologies that are being developed to make downstream operations more efficient and competitive in the biotechnological production process of this carotenoid.
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Cai M, Wu Y, Qi H, He J, Wu Z, Xu H, Qiao M. Improving the Level of the Tyrosine Biosynthesis Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through HTZ1 Knockout and Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP) Mutagenesis. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:49-62. [PMID: 33395268 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the expression of multiple aromatic compounds by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The concentration of l-tyrosine, as a precursor of such valuable compounds, is crucial for the biosynthesis of aromatic metabolites. In this study, a novel function of HTZ1 was found to be related to tyrosine biosynthesis, which has not yet been reported. Knockout of this gene could significantly improve the ability of yeast cells to synthesize tyrosine, and its p-coumaric acid (p-CA) titer was approximately 3.9-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain BY4742. Subsequently, this strain was selected for random mutagenesis through an emerging mutagenesis technique, namely, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP). After two rounds of mutagenesis, five tyrosine high-producing mutants were obtained. The highest production of p-CA was 7.6-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain. Finally, transcriptome data of the htz1Δ strain and the five mutants were analyzed. The genome of mutagenic strains was also resequenced to reveal the mechanism underlying the high titer of tyrosine. This system of target engineering combined with random mutagenesis to screen excellent mutants provides a new basis for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Hang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jiaze He
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Haijin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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Wan X, Zhou XR, Moncalian G, Su L, Chen WC, Zhu HZ, Chen D, Gong YM, Huang FH, Deng QC. Reprogramming microorganisms for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin via metabolic engineering. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101083. [PMID: 33373616 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for astaxanthin in food, feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications because of its superior anti-oxidative and coloring properties. However, naturally produced astaxanthin is expensive, mainly due to low productivity and limited sources. Reprogramming of microorganisms for astaxanthin production via metabolic engineering is a promising strategy. We primarily focus on the application of synthetic biology, enzyme engineering and metabolic engineering in enhancing the synthesis and accumulation of astaxanthin in microorganisms in this review. We also discuss the biosynthetic pathways of astaxanthin within natural producers, and summarize the achievements and challenges in reprogramming microorganisms for enhancing astaxanthin production. This review illuminates recent biotechnological advances in microbial production of astaxanthin. Future perspectives on utilization of new technologies for boosting microbial astaxanthin production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | | | - Gabriel Moncalian
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Hang-Zhi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yang-Min Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Feng-Hong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Qian-Chun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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Wang Z, Zhang R, Yang Q, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Yang J. Recent advances in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Adv Appl Microbiol 2020; 114:1-35. [PMID: 33934850 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids, as the largest group of chemicals in the domains of life, constitute more than 50,000 members. These compounds consist of different numbers of isoprene units (C5H8), by which they are typically classified into hemiterpenoids (C5), monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), diterpenoids (C20), triterpenoids (C30), and tetraterpenoids (C40). In recent years, isoprenoids have been employed as food additives, in the pharmaceutical industry, as advanced biofuels, and so on. To realize the sufficient and efficient production of valuable isoprenoids on an industrial scale, fermentation using engineered microorganisms is a promising strategy compared to traditional plant extraction and chemical synthesis. Due to the advantages of mature genetic manipulation, robustness and applicability to industrial bioprocesses, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become an attractive microbial host for biochemical production, including that of various isoprenoids. In this review, we summarized the advances in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in engineered S. cerevisiae over several decades, including synthetic pathway engineering, microbial host engineering, and central carbon pathway engineering. Furthermore, the challenges and corresponding strategies towards improving isoprenoid production in engineered S. cerevisiae were also summarized. Finally, suggestions and directions for isoprenoid production in engineered S. cerevisiae in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobao Wang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jintian Zhang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Youxi Zhao
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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Abstract
Yeasts are used to produce a myriad of value-added compounds. Engineering yeasts into cost-efficient cell factories is greatly facilitated by the availability of genome editing tools. While traditional engineering techniques such as homologous recombination-based gene knockout and pathway integration continue to be widely used, novel genome editing systems including multiplexed approaches, bacteriophage integrases, CRISPR-Cas systems, and base editors are emerging as more powerful toolsets to accomplish rapid genome scale engineering and phenotype screening. In this review, we summarized the techniques which have been successfully implemented in model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as non-conventional yeast species. The mechanisms and applications of various genome engineering systems are discussed and general guidelines to expand genome editing systems from S. cerevisiae to other yeast species are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Mark Blenner
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
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Diao J, Song X, Zhang L, Cui J, Chen L, Zhang W. Tailoring cyanobacteria as a new platform for highly efficient synthesis of astaxanthin. Metab Eng 2020; 61:275-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li C, Swofford CA, Sinskey AJ. Modular engineering for microbial production of carotenoids. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 10:e00118. [PMID: 31908924 PMCID: PMC6938962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for carotenoids due to their applications in the food, flavor, pharmaceutical and feed industries, however, the extraction and synthesis of these compounds can be expensive and technically challenging. Microbial production of carotenoids provides an attractive alternative to the negative environmental impacts and cost of chemical synthesis or direct extraction from plants. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches have been widely utilized to reconstruct and optimize pathways for carotenoid overproduction in microorganisms. This review summarizes the current advances in microbial engineering for carotenoid production and divides the carotenoid biosynthesis building blocks into four distinct metabolic modules: 1) central carbon metabolism, 2) cofactor metabolism, 3) isoprene supplement metabolism and 4) carotenoid biosynthesis. These four modules focus on redirecting carbon flux and optimizing cofactor supplements for isoprene precursors needed for carotenoid synthesis. Future perspectives are also discussed to provide insights into microbial engineering principles for overproduction of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Charles A. Swofford
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Anthony J. Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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Alves A, Sousa E, Kijjoa A, Pinto M. Marine-Derived Compounds with Potential Use as Cosmeceuticals and Nutricosmetics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112536. [PMID: 32486036 PMCID: PMC7321322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cosmetic industry is among the fastest growing industries in the last decade. As the beauty concepts have been revolutionized, many terms have been coined to accompany the innovation of this industry, since the beauty products are not just confined to those that are applied to protect and enhance the appearance of the human body. Consequently, the terms such as cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics have emerged to give a notion of the health benefits of the products that create the beauty from inside to outside. In the past years, natural products-based cosmeceuticals have gained a huge amount of attention not only from researchers but also from the public due to the general belief that they are harmless. Notably, in recent years, the demand for cosmeceuticals from the marine resources has been exponentially on the rise due to their unique chemical and biological properties that are not found in terrestrial resources. Therefore, the present review addresses the importance of marine-derived compounds, stressing new chemical entities with cosmeceutical potential from the marine natural resources and their mechanisms of action by which these compounds exert on the body functions as well as their related health benefits. Marine environments are the most important reservoir of biodiversity that provide biologically active substances whose potential is still to be discovered for application as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Marine organisms are not only an important renewable source of valuable bulk compounds used in cosmetic industry such as agar and carrageenan, which are used as gelling and thickening agents to increase the viscosity of cosmetic formulations, but also of small molecules such as ectoine (to promote skin hydration), trichodin A (to prevent product alteration caused by microbial contamination), and mytiloxanthin (as a coloring agent). Marine-derived molecules can also function as active ingredients, being the main compounds that determine the function of cosmeceuticals such as anti-tyrosinase (kojic acid), antiacne (sargafuran), whitening (chrysophanol), UV protection (scytonemin, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)), antioxidants, and anti-wrinkle (astaxanthin and PUFAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alves
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (E.S.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.P.); Tel.: +35-(19)-6609-2514 (M.P.)
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (E.S.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.P.); Tel.: +35-(19)-6609-2514 (M.P.)
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Zhang C, Chen X, Too H. Microbial astaxanthin biosynthesis: recent achievements, challenges, and commercialization outlook. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5725-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Qi DD, Jin J, Liu D, Jia B, Yuan YJ. In vitro and in vivo recombination of heterologous modules for improving biosynthesis of astaxanthin in yeast. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:103. [PMID: 32398013 PMCID: PMC7216642 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin is a kind of tetraterpene and has strong antioxygenic property. The biosynthesis of astaxanthin in engineered microbial chassis has greater potential than its chemical synthesis and extraction from natural producers in an environmental-friendly way. However, the cost-offsetting production of astaxanthin in engineered microbes is still constrained by the poor efficiency of astaxanthin synthesis pathway as a heterologous pathway. RESULTS To address the bottleneck of limited production of astaxanthin in microbes, we developed in vitro and in vivo recombination methods respectively in engineered yeast chassis to optimize the combination of heterologous β-carotene ketolase (crtW) and hydroxylase (crtZ) modules that were selected from different species. As a result, the in vitro and in vivo recombination methods enhanced the astaxanthin yield respectively to 2.11-8.51 folds and 3.0-9.71 folds compared to the initial astaxanthin pathway, according to the different combination of particular genes. The highest astaxanthin producing strain yQDD022 was constructed by in vivo method and produced 6.05 mg g-1 DCW of astaxanthin. Moreover, it was proved that the in vivo recombination method showed higher DNA-assembling efficiency than the in vitro method and contributed to higher stability to the engineered yeast strains. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro and in vivo recombination methods of heterologous modules provide simple and efficient ways to improve the astaxanthin yield in yeast. Both the two methods enable high-throughput screening of heterologous pathways through recombination of certain crtW and crtZ derived from different species. This study not only exploited the underlying optimal combination of crtZ and crtW for astaxanthin synthesis, but also provided a general approach to evolve a heterologous pathway for the enhanced accumulation of desired biochemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Qi
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Zhuang Y, Jiang GL, Zhu MJ. Atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis and astaxanthin production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by Phaffia rhodozyma mutant Y1. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jiang G, Yang Z, Wang Y, Yao M, Chen Y, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Enhanced astaxanthin production in yeast via combined mutagenesis and evolution. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Qiu X, Xu P, Zhao X, Du G, Zhang J, Li J. Combining genetically-encoded biosensors with high throughput strain screening to maximize erythritol production in Yarrowia lipolytica. Metab Eng 2020; 60:66-76. [PMID: 32224262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Erythritol is an important sweetener ingredient and chemical precursor for synthesizing materials with phase transition behavior. Commercial erythritol is primarily produced by industrial fermentation. Further strain engineering necessitates the development of high throughput screening method for rapid detection and screening of mutant strain libraries. In this work, we took advantage of the erythritol-responsive transcription factor EryD, and constructed a sensor-regulator system for rapid screening and characterization of erythritol overproducers. We configured the optimal architecture of the EryD sensor-regulator construct with improved sensitivity, specificity and dynamic response range. Coupled with mutagenesis and strain screening based on biosensors, we rapidly screened and characterized a strain library containing 1152 mutants derived from combined UV and ARTP mutagenesis, in a relatively short period of time (1 week). The optimal strain produced more than 148 g/L erythritol in bench-top reactors. This work provides a reference for other metabolic engineering researchers to develop industrially-relevant strains. The reported framework enables us to rapidly improve strain performance and engineer efficient microbial cell factories for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Qiu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianghua Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Dai M, Li C, Yang Z, Sui Z, Li J, Dong P, Liang X. The Astaxanthin Aggregation Pattern Greatly Influences Its Antioxidant Activity: A Comparative Study in Caco-2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E126. [PMID: 32024215 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is an excellent antioxidant that can form unstable aggregates in biological or artificial systems. The changes of astaxanthin properties caused by molecular aggregation have gained much attention recently. Here, water-dispersible astaxanthin H- and J-aggregates were fabricated and stabilized by a natural DNA/chitosan nanocomplex (respectively noted as H-ADC and J-ADC), as evidenced by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Compared with J-ADC, H-ADC with equivalent astaxanthin loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency showed smaller particle size and similar zeta potential. To explore the antioxidant differences between astaxanthin H- and J-aggregates, H-ADC and J-ADC were subjected to H2O2-pretreated Caco-2 cells. Compared with astaxanthin monomers and J-aggregates, H-aggregates showed a better cytoprotective effect by promoting scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl free radical scavenging studies confirmed a higher efficiency of H-aggregates than J-aggregates or astaxanthin monomers. These findings give inspiration to the precise design of carotenoid aggregates for efficient utilization.
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Usmani Z, Sharma M, Sudheer S, Gupta VK, Bhat R. Engineered Microbes for Pigment Production Using Waste Biomass. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:80-95. [PMID: 32655303 PMCID: PMC7324876 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200330152007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agri-food waste biomass is the most abundant organic waste and has high valorisation potential for sustainable bioproducts development. These wastes are not only recyclable in nature but are also rich sources of bioactive carbohydrates, peptides, pigments, polyphenols, vitamins, natural antioxidants, etc. Bioconversion of agri-food waste to value-added products is very important towards zero waste and circular economy concepts. To reduce the environmental burden, food researchers are seeking strategies to utilize this waste for microbial pigments production and further biotechnological exploitation in functional foods or value-added products. Microbes are valuable sources for a range of bioactive molecules, including microbial pigments production through fermentation and/or utilisation of waste. Here, we have reviewed some of the recent advancements made in important bioengineering technologies to develop engineered microbial systems for enhanced pigments production using agri-food wastes biomass/by-products as substrates in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Address correspondence to these authors at the ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorization Technologies- VALORTECH, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia; Tel/Fax: +372 7313927; E-mails: ;, ;
| | | | | | - Rajeev Bhat
- Address correspondence to these authors at the ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorization Technologies- VALORTECH, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia; Tel/Fax: +372 7313927; E-mails: ;, ;
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Cataldo VF, Arenas N, Salgado V, Camilo C, Ibáñez F, Agosin E. Heterologous production of the epoxycarotenoid violaxanthin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2020; 59:53-63. [PMID: 32001334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbial production of carotenoids has mainly focused towards a few products, such as β-carotene, lycopene and astaxanthin. However, other less explored carotenoids, like violaxanthin, have also shown unique properties and promissory applications. Violaxanthin is a plant-derived epoxidated carotenoid with strong antioxidant activity and a key precursor of valuable compounds, such as fucoxanthin and β-damascenone. In this study, we report for the first time the heterologous production of epoxycarotenoids in yeast. We engineered the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae following multi-level strategies for the efficient accumulation of violaxanthin. Starting from a β-carotenogenic yeast strain, we first evaluated the performance of several β-carotene hydroxylases (CrtZ), and zeaxanthin epoxidases (ZEP) from different species, together with their respective N-terminal truncated variants. The combined expression of CrtZ from Pantoea ananatis and truncated ZEP of Haematococcus lacustris showed the best performance and led to a yield of 1.6 mg/gDCW of violaxanthin. Further improvement of the epoxidase activity was achieved by promoting the transfer of reducing equivalents to ZEP by expressing several redox partner systems. The co-expression of the plant truncated ferredoxin-3, and truncated root ferredoxin oxidoreductase-1 resulted in a 2.2-fold increase in violaxanthin yield (3.2 mg/gDCW). Finally, increasing gene copy number of carotenogenic genes enabled reaching a final production of 7.3 mg/gDCW in shake flask cultures and batch bioreactors, which is the highest yield of microbially produced violaxanthin reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente F Cataldo
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Arenas
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Salgado
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Conrado Camilo
- Centro de Aromas y Sabores, DICTUC S.A., Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Ibáñez
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Agosin
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Aromas y Sabores, DICTUC S.A., Santiago, Chile, Postal Address: Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
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Yu Q, Li Y, Wu B, Hu W, He M, Hu G. Novel mutagenesis and screening technologies for food microorganisms: advances and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1517-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yao M, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhou X, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Pregnenolone Overproduction in Yarrowia lipolytica by Integrative Components Pairing of the Cytochrome P450scc System. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2666-2678. [PMID: 31621297 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial production of steroid drugs exhibits great potentials in much greener and more sustainable manners, in which engineering multiple cytochrome P450s is the prerequisite requirement. The pairing of multicomponents of P450 systems is a tremendous challenge. Herein, biosynthesis of pregnenolone (a common precursor of steroid drugs) in Yarrowia lipolytica was taken as a typical instance to explore the engineering strategy of the cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) system. The mature forms of the components belonging to P450scc system, CYP11A1, adrenodoxin (Adx), and adrenodoxin reductase (AdR), were coexpressed in a former constructed campesterol producing strain. To maximize pregnenolone production, an integrative components pairing strategy was proposed for pairing the component sources and balancing the expression levels of CYP11A1, Adx, and AdR. Led by the above approaches, a 2344-fold improvement of pregnenolone titer was achieved at the shake flask level. Consequently, a highest reported pregnenolone titer of 78.0 mg/L in microbes was obtained in a 5 L bioreactor. Our study not only highlights the integrative components pairing of cytochrome P450scc as a general strategy for engineering other cytochrome P450s, but also provides a feasible and efficient platform of Y. lipolytica for other steroids production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosi Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinlai Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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