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Cardona-Pascual I, Pallero M, Berlana D, Villar A, Montoro-Ronsano JB, Berastegui C. Long-term effect of tocilizumab on mortality, readmissions, persistent symptoms and lung function in SARS-CoV-2 patients 1 year after hospital discharge: A matched cohort study. Respir Med Res 2023; 84:101064. [PMID: 38029650 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocilizumab is presumed to be an effective and safe treatment for severe SARS-Cov-2, but its usefulness has not been investigated yet for long-term outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of tocilizumab on mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 throughout the year following discharge. METHODS A retrospective observational analysis was performed on electronic medical records of patients with SARS-CoV2 who were discharged from our hospital after surviving the first wave in March-April 2020. Logistic regression was used to analyse the effect of tocilizumab on mortality, as the main outcome, and propensity-score analysis to further validate their effect. Secondary outcomes were readmissions, persistent symptoms and lung function evolution. Patients were selected by matching their individual propensity for receiving therapy with tocilizumab, conditional on their demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS A total of 405 patients were included in the mortality study (33.6 % were treated with tocilizumab) and 390 were included in the assessment of persistent symptoms. After propensity-score analysis, no association between tocilizumab use and 1-year overall mortality was found (HR= 2.05, 95 % CI: 0.21-19.98). No differences regarding persistent symptoms (OR= 1.01 95 %CI 0.57-1.79), nor lung function parameters (forced vital capacity: coefficient -0.16 95 %CI -0.45 to 0.14) were found throughout the year follow-up between control and tocilizumab group. CONCLUSIONS The administration of tocilizumab in patients with SARS-CoV-2 did not show any effect on long-term mortality. Identically, no association were found regarding readmissions, persistent symptoms or lung function evolution and tocilizumab administration in our cohort of patients after 1 year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Pallero
- Respiratory Department, Vall Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospital, Pg Vall Hebron 119, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av Monforte Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Berlana
- Pharmacy Department, Vall Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Villar
- Respiratory Department, Vall Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospital, Pg Vall Hebron 119, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Berastegui
- Respiratory Department, Vall Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospital, Pg Vall Hebron 119, Barcelona, Spain
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Alamri SS, Alsaieedi A, Khouqeer Y, Afeef M, Alharbi S, Algaissi A, Alghanmi M, Altorki T, Zawawi A, Alfaleh MA, Hashem AM, Alhabbab R. The importance of combining serological testing with RT-PCR assays for efficient detection of COVID-19 and higher diagnostic accuracy. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15024. [PMID: 37065688 PMCID: PMC10103696 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Misdiagnosing suspected COVID-19 individuals could largely contribute to the viruses transmission, therefore, making an accurate diagnosis of infected subjects vital in minimizing and containing the disease. Although RT-PCR is the standard method in detecting COVID-19, it is associated with some limitations, including possible false negative results. Therefore, serological testing has been suggested as a complement assay to RT-PCR to support the diagnosis of acute infections. In this study, 15 out of 639 unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) were tested negative for COVID-19 by RT-PCR and were found seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. These participants underwent additional confirmatory RT-PCR and SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific ELISA tests. Of the 15 individuals, nine participants were found negative by second RT-PCR but seropositive for anti-spike IgM and IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies confirming their acute infection. At the time of collection, these nine individuals were in close contact with COVID-19-confirmed patients, with 77.7% reporting COVID-19-related symptoms. These results indicate that including serological tests in the current testing profile can provide better outcomes and help contain the spread of the virus by increasing diagnostic accuracy to prevent future outbreaks rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan S. Alamri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab Alsaieedi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Khouqeer
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwah Afeef
- Study & Research Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiyah Alharbi
- Intensive Care Unit, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maimonah Alghanmi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa Altorki
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowa Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Li D, Sun C, Mei X, Yang L. Achieving broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detections via smartphone-based analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 158:116878. [PMID: 36506266 PMCID: PMC9728015 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of COVID-19, widely available tests are in great demand. Naked-eye SARS-CoV-2 test kits have recently been developed as home tests, but their sensitivity and accuracy are sometimes limited. Smartphones can convert various signals into digital information, potentially improving the sensitivity and accuracy of these home tests. Herein, we summarize smartphone-based detections for SARS-CoV-2. Optical detections of non-nucleic acids using various sensors and portable imaging systems, as well as nucleic acid analyses based on LAMP, CRISP, CATCH, and biosensors are discussed. Furthermore, different electrochemical detections were compared. We show results obtained using relatively complex equipment, complicated programming procedures, or custom smartphone apps, and describe methods for obtaining information with only simple setups and free software on smartphones. Then, the combined costs of typical smartphone-based detections are evaluated. Finally, the prospect of improving smartphone-based strategies to achieve broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detection is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cai Sun
- AECC Shenyang Liming Aero-Engine Co, Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,Corresponding author
| | - Liqun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China,Corresponding author
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4
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Alhabbab RY. Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Detecting Viral Infectious Antigens and Antibodies. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1901. [PMID: 36363922 PMCID: PMC9694796 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abundant immunological assays currently exist for detecting pathogens and identifying infected individuals, making detection of diseases at early stages integral to preventing their spread, together with the consequent emergence of global health crises. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a test characterized by simplicity, low cost, and quick results. Furthermore, LFIA testing does not need well-trained individuals or laboratory settings. Therefore, it has been serving as an attractive tool that has been extensively used during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the LFIA strip's available formats, reporter systems, components, and preparation are discussed. Moreover, this review provides an overview of the current LFIAs in detecting infectious viral antigens and humoral responses to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Huang YX, Li NF, Li CY, Zheng FP, Yao XY, Lin BH, Huang XZ, Zhao NJ, Yang JY, Chen QM, Zhang MM, Yi LT, Chen XQ. Clinical features and effectiveness of Chinese medicine in patients with COVID-19 from overseas: A retrospective study in Xiamen, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1038017. [PMID: 36353282 PMCID: PMC9638095 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, referred to as new coronary pneumonia, is an acute infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate the effect of integrated Chinese medicine and Western medicine in patients with COVID-19 from overseas. Data were collected from 178 COVID-19 patients overseas at First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from April 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021. These patients received therapy of integrated Chinese medicine and western medicine. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were extracted and analyzed. In addition, the prescription which induced less length of PCR positive days and hospitalization days than the median value was obtained. The top 4 frequently used Chinese medicine and virus-related genes were analyzed by network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. According to the chest computed tomography (CT) measurement, abnormal lung findings were observed in 145 subjects. The median length of positive PCR/hospitalization days was 7/7 days for asymptomatic subjects, 14/24 days for mild subjects, 10/15 days for moderate subjects, and 14/20 days for severe subjects. The most frequently used Chinese medicine were Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gancao), Bupleurum chinense (Chaihu), and Pinellia ternata (Banxia). The putative active ingredients were baicalin, stigmasterol, sigmoidin-B, cubebin, and troxerutin. ACE, SARS-CoV-2 3CL, SARS-CoV-2 Spike, SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a, and caspase-6 showed good binding properties to active ingredients. In conclusion, the clinical results showed that integrated Chinese medicine and Western medicine are effective in treating COVID-19 patients from overseas. Based on the clinical outcomes, the putative ingredients from Chinese medicine and the potential targets of SARS-CoV-2 were provided, which could provide a reference for the clinical application of Chinese medicine in treating COVID-19 worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na-Fen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang-Ping Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen Maluan Wan Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Yao
- Xinglin Branch of the First Hospital of Xiamen University, Designated Hospital for Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Bao-Hua Lin
- Xinglin Branch of the First Hospital of Xiamen University, Designated Hospital for Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian-Zhong Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Neng-Jiang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia-Yong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiu-Min Chen
- Xinglin Branch of the First Hospital of Xiamen University, Designated Hospital for Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Man-Man Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China,Li-Tao Yi
| | - Xue-Qin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,*Correspondence: Xue-Qin Chen
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6
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Hamill V, Noll L, Lu N, Tsui WNT, Porter EP, Gray M, Sebhatu T, Goerl K, Brown S, Palinski R, Thomason S, Almes K, Retallick J, Bai J. Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 strains and differentiation of Delta variant strains. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2879-2889. [PMID: 34964565 PMCID: PMC9240106 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 has now become the predominant strain in the global COVID-19 pandemic. Strain coverage of some detection assays developed during the early pandemic stages has declined due to periodic mutations in the viral genome. We have developed a real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 detection that provides nearly 100% strain coverage, and differentiation of highly transmissible Delta variant strains. All full or nearly full (≥28 kb) SARS-CoV-2 genomes (n = 403,812), including 6422 Delta and 280 Omicron variant strains, were collected from public databases at the time of analysis and used for assay design. The two amino acid deletions in the spike gene (S-gene, Δ156-157) that is characteristic of the Delta variant were targeted during the assay design. Although strain coverage for the Delta variant was very high (99.7%), detection coverage for non-Delta wild-type strains was 93.9%, mainly due to the confined region of design. To increase strain coverage of the assay, the design for CDC N1 target was added to the assay. In silico analysis of 403,812 genomes indicated a 95.4% strain coverage for the CDC N1 target, however, in combination with our new non-Delta S-gene target, total coverage for non-Delta wild-type strains increased to 99.8%. A human 18S rRNA gene was also analyzed and used as an internal control. The final four-plex RT-qPCR assay generated PCR amplification efficiencies between 95.4% and 102.0% with correlation coefficients (R2 ) of >0.99 for cloned positive controls; Delta and non-Delta human clinical samples generated PCR efficiencies of 93.4%-97.0% and R2 > 0.99. The assay also detects 98.6% of 280 Omicron sequences. Assay primers and probes have no match to other closely related human coronaviruses, and did not produce a signal from samples positive to selected animal coronaviruses. Genotypes of selected clinical samples identified by the RT-qPCR were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn Hamill
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Lance Noll
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Nanyan Lu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Wai Ning Tiffany Tsui
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Elizabeth Poulsen Porter
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Mark Gray
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Tesfaalem Sebhatu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Kyle Goerl
- Lafene Health Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Susan Brown
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Rachel Palinski
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Sasha Thomason
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Kelli Almes
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Jamie Retallick
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
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7
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Kapoor N, Ghorai SM, Khuswaha PK, Bandichhor R, Brogi S. Butein as a potential binder of human ACE2 receptor for interfering with SARS-CoV-2 entry: a computer-aided analysis. J Mol Model 2022; 28:270. [PMID: 36001177 PMCID: PMC9399596 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been included in our dietary supplements and have been shown to have numerous therapeutic properties. With the looming danger of many zoonotic agents and novel emerging pathogens mainly of viral origin, many researchers are launching various clinical trials, testing these compounds for their antiviral activity. The present work deals with some of the available natural compounds from the literature that have demonstrated activity in counteracting pathogen infections. Accordingly, we screened, using in silico methods, this subset of natural compounds for searching potential drug candidates able to interfere in the recognition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and its target human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor, leading to the viral entry. Disrupting that recognition is crucial for slowing down the entrance of viral particles into host cells. The selected group of natural products was examined, and their interaction profiles against the host cell target protein ACE2 were studied at the atomic level. Based on different computer-based procedures including molecular docking, physicochemical property evaluation, and molecular dynamics, butein was identified as a potential hit molecule able to bind the hACE2 receptor. The results indicate that herbal compounds can be effective for providing possible therapeutics for treating and managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Soma Mondal Ghorai
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Prem Kumar Khuswaha
- Integrated Product Development, Innovation Plaza, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupally, Quthbullapur, Hyderabad, 500090, Telangana, India
| | - Rakeshwar Bandichhor
- Integrated Product Development, Innovation Plaza, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupally, Quthbullapur, Hyderabad, 500090, Telangana, India
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Singh AV, Kayal A, Malik A, Maharjan RS, Dietrich P, Thissen A, Siewert K, Curato C, Pande K, Prahlad D, Kulkarni N, Laux P, Luch A. Interfacial Water in the SARS Spike Protein: Investigating the Interaction with Human ACE2 Receptor and In Vitro Uptake in A549 Cells. Langmuir 2022; 38:7976-7988. [PMID: 35736838 PMCID: PMC9260741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The severity of global pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has engaged the researchers and clinicians to find the key features triggering the viral infection to lung cells. By utilizing such crucial information, researchers and scientists try to combat the spread of the virus. Here, in this work, we performed in silico analysis of the protein-protein interactions between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor to highlight the key alteration that happened from SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed and compared the molecular differences between spike proteins of the two viruses using various computational approaches such as binding affinity calculations, computational alanine, and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding affinity calculations showed that SARS-CoV-2 binds a little more firmly to the hACE2 receptor than SARS-CoV. The major finding obtained from molecular dynamics simulations was that the RBD-ACE2 interface is populated with water molecules and interacts strongly with both RBD and ACE2 interfacial residues during the simulation periods. The water-mediated hydrogen bond by the bridge water molecules is crucial for stabilizing the RBD and ACE2 domains. Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) confirmed the presence of vapor and molecular water phases in the protein-protein interfacial domain, further validating the computationally predicted interfacial water molecules. In addition, we examined the role of interfacial water molecules in virus uptake by lung cell A549 by binding and maintaining the RBD/hACE2 complex at varying temperatures using nanourchins coated with spike proteins as pseudoviruses and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) as a quantitative approach. The structural and dynamical features presented here may serve as a guide for developing new drug molecules, vaccines, or antibodies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Dietrich
- SPECS
Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, Voltastrasse 5, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thissen
- SPECS
Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, Voltastrasse 5, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Laux
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department
of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Abstract
A fast and highly specific detection of COVID-19 infections is essential in managing the virus dissemination networks. The most relevant technologies developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection, along with their advantages and limitations, will be presented and fully explored. Additionally, some of the newest and emerging COVID-19 diagnosis tools, such as biosensing platforms, will also be introduced. Considering the extreme relevance that all these technologies assume in pandemic control, it is of the utmost relevance to have an intrinsic knowledge of the parameters that need to be taken into consideration before choosing the most adequate test for a particular situation. Moreover, the new variants of the virus and their potential impact on the detection method’s effectiveness will be discussed. In order to better manage the pandemic, it is essential to maintain continuous research into the SARS-CoV-2 genome and updated genomic surveillance at the global level. This will allow for timely detection of new mutations and viral variants, which may affect the performance of COVID-19 detection tests.
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10
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Tsui WNT, Hamill V, Noll L, Lu N, Porter EP, Harbidge D, Cox E, Richardson C, Gray M, Sebhatu T, Goerl K, Brown S, Hanzlicek G, Retallick J, Bai J. Molecular detverection of SARS-CoV-2 and differentiation of Omicron and Delta variant strains. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1618-e1631. [PMID: 35218683 PMCID: PMC9115370 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is the causative agent of COVID‐19 and has undergone continuous mutations throughout the pandemic. The more transmissible Omicron variant has quickly spread and is replacing the Delta variant as the most prevalent strain globally, including in the United States. A new molecular assay that can detect and differentiate both the Delta and Omicron variants was developed. A collection of 660,035 SARS‐CoV‐2 full‐ or near‐full genomes, including 169,454 Delta variant and 24,202 Omicron variant strains, were used for primer and probe designs. In silico data analysis predicted an assay coverage of >99% of all strains, including >99% of the Delta and >99% of Omicron strains. The Omicron variant differential test was designed based on the Δ31‐33 aa deletion in the N‐gene, which is present in the original B.1.1.529 main genotype, BA.1, as well as in BA.2 and BA.3 subtypes. Therefore, the assay should detect the majority of all Omicron variant strains. Standard curves generated with human clinical samples indicated that the PCR amplification efficiencies were 104%, 90.7% and 90.4% for the Omicron, Delta, and non‐Delta/non‐Omicron wild‐type genotypes, respectively. Correlation coefficients of the standard curves were all >0.99. The detection limit of the assay was 14.3, 32.0, and 21.5 copies per PCR reaction for Omicron, Delta, and wild‐type genotypes, respectively. The assay was designed to specifically detect SAR‐CoV‐2 strains. Selected samples with Omicron, Delta and wild‐type genotypes identified by the RT‐qPCR assay were also confirmed by sequencing. The assay did not detect any animal coronavirus‐positive samples that were tested. Human nasal swab samples that previously tested positive (n = 182) or negative (n = 42) for SARS‐CoV‐2 by the ThermoFisher TaqPath COVID‐19 Combo Kit, produced the same result with the new assay. Among positive samples, 55.5% (101/182), 23.1% (42/182), and 21.4% (39/182) were identified as Omicron, Delta, and non‐Omicron/non‐Delta wild‐type genotypes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ning Tiffany Tsui
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Vaughn Hamill
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Lance Noll
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Nanyan Lu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.,Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Elizabeth Poulsen Porter
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Donald Harbidge
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Emily Cox
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Claire Richardson
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Mark Gray
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Tesfaalem Sebhatu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Kyle Goerl
- Lafene Health Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Susan Brown
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Gregg Hanzlicek
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Jamie Retallick
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
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