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Pilic A, Reda S, Jo CL, Burchett H, Bastías M, Campbell P, Gamage D, Henaff L, Kagina B, Külper-Schiek W, Lunny C, Marti M, Muloiwa R, Pieper D, Thomas J, Tunis MC, Younger Z, Wichmann O, Harder T. Use of existing systematic reviews for the development of evidence-based vaccination recommendations: Guidance from the SYSVAC expert panel. Vaccine 2023; 41:1968-1978. [PMID: 36804216 PMCID: PMC10015272 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
National immunization technical advisory groups (NITAGs) develop immunization-related recommendations and assist policy-makers in making evidence informed decisions. Systematic reviews (SRs) that summarize the available evidence on a specific topic are a valuable source of evidence in the development of such recommendations. However, conducting SRs requires significant human, time, and financial resources, which many NITAGs lack. Given that SRs already exist for many immunization-related topics, and to prevent duplication and overlap of reviews, a more practical approach may be for NITAGs to use existing SRs. Nevertheless, it can be challenging to identify relevant SRs, to select one SR from among multiple SRs, or to critically assess and effectively use them. To support NITAGs, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Robert Koch Institute and collaborators developed the SYSVAC project, which consists of an online registry of systematic reviews on immunization-related topics and an e-learning course, that supports the use of them (both freely accessible at https://www.nitag-resource.org/sysvac-systematic-reviews). Drawing from the e-learning course and recommendations from an expert panel, this paper outlines methods for using existing systematic reviews when making immunization-related recommendations. With specific examples and reference to the SYSVAC registry and other resources, it offers guidance on locating existing systematic reviews; assessing their relevance to a research question, up-to-dateness, and methodological quality and/or risk of bias; and considering the transferability and applicability of their findings to other populations or settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Pilic
- Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah Reda
- Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine L Jo
- Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helen Burchett
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pauline Campbell
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Deepa Gamage
- Epidemiology Unit and Advisory Committee on Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, #231, De Saram Place, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka
| | - Louise Henaff
- World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Kagina
- University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Carole Lunny
- Knowledge Translation Program, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z2, Canada
| | - Melanie Marti
- World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rudzani Muloiwa
- University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dawid Pieper
- Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Institute for Health Services and Health System Research, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany; Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Center for Health Services Research, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
| | - James Thomas
- Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating (EPPI-) Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, 10 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0NR, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Tunis
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Immunization Readiness, 130 Colonnade Road, A.L. 6501H, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Zane Younger
- Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Juvet LK, Robertson AH, Laake I, Mjaaland S, Trogstad L. Safety of Influenza A H1N1pdm09 Vaccines: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740048. [PMID: 34777351 PMCID: PMC8581668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2009, a new influenza A H1N1 virus emerged causing a global pandemic. A range of monovalent influenza A H1N1pdm09 vaccines with or without adjuvants were developed. After the mass vaccination campaigns safety concerns related to H1N1pdm09 vaccines were reported. More than a decade later, reported AEFIs are still under scrutiny. We performed a systematic review aiming to synthesize the evidence on the safety of the H1N1pdm09 vaccines on reported outcomes from existing systematic reviews. Methods Four electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Epistimonikos and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for articles on H1N1pdm09 vaccination published from 2009 to January 2021. Systematic reviews assessing short- or long-term adverse events after H1N1pdm09 vaccination were considered for inclusion. Data was extracted from all selected reviews. Outcomes were grouped and results from each included review were presented narratively and in tables. Results 16 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Reported outcomes were short-term events (3 reviews), fetal/pregnancy outcomes (8 reviews), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (4 reviews), narcolepsy (2 reviews) demyelinating diseases (1 review based on one study only) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (1 review). Short-term serious adverse events were rare, 3 cases amongst 16725 subjects in 18 randomized controlled trials (0.018%). No deaths were reported. The risks of local events were generally higher for adjuvanted vaccines as compared to unadjuvanted vaccines. Maternal H1N1pdm09 vaccination in any trimester was not associated with an increase in preterm birth, small for gestational age, congenital malformations or fetal death. For GBS, results were conflicting. The main systematic review on narcolepsy found a 5-14-fold increased risk in children, and a 2-7- fold increased risk in adults after vaccination with Pandemrix. The attributable risk of narcolepsy one year after vaccination was 1 case per 18 400 vaccine doses in children/adolescents, and 1 case per 181 000 vaccine doses in adults. Conclusion Adjuvanted vaccines had more local but not serious adverse events compared to unadjuvanted vaccines. Vaccination with Pandemrix was strongly associated with narcolepsy, particularly in children. No increased risks of pregnancy outcomes were seen after pandemic vaccination. The findings on GBS were inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Kristine Juvet
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Jo CL, Burchett H, Bastías M, Campbell P, Gamage D, Henaff L, Kagina B, Lunny C, Marti M, Muloiwa R, Pieper D, Thomas J, Tunis MC, Wichmann O, Younger Z, Harder T. Using existing systematic reviews for developing vaccination recommendations: Results of an international expert workshop. Vaccine 2021; 39:3103-10. [PMID: 33965256 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
National immunization technical advisory groups (NITAGs) develop immunization-related recommendations. Systematic reviews are recommended to be used in this process, but conducting them requires significant resources, which many NITAGs lack. Using existing systematic reviews could help address this problem. The Robert Koch Institute and collaborators set up the SYSVAC2 project to facilitate the retrieval of existing systematic reviews and offer guidance on using them. This will include an online registry of systematic reviews relevant to immunization policy and an online course on how to use existing reviews. This report describes an international expert workshop held in December 2019 to develop consensus on methods for using existing reviews and other relevant factors for the registry and course. Members from NITAGs representing different regions of the world presented their experiences of using systematic reviews and reflected on challenges inhibiting use. Three methodologists considered different aspects of using systematic reviews. Interactive sessions followed, where implications for SYSVAC2 were discussed. Participants supported having critical appraisal ratings, plain language summaries, keyword search, and data visualization functions in the registry. They suggested tailoring course content to different audiences and including overviews of reviews as a topic and examples of how NITAGs have used or could use existing reviews. Participants agreed that whether a review is out-of-date should be decided by those using the review rather than registry staff. The registry could help by highlighting the date of literature search or included primary studies. Participants recommended a visualization function to highlight overlap across reviews and guidance on handling challenges to using reviews, ideally, involving a practical element. No consensus was reached on which critical appraisal tool to use for reviews in the registry, but a majority of participants wanted registry staff to perform appraisals. Formative research is planned before the registry and online course are launched in 2020.
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Harder T. Experiences from the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology at Robert Koch Institute. J Health Monit 2020; 5:19-20. [PMID: 35146290 PMCID: PMC8734186 DOI: 10.25646/6506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Harder
- Corresponding author Dr Thomas Harder, Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany, E-mail:
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Harder T, Koch J, von Kries R, Wichmann O. [The new standard operating procedure of the German standing committee on vaccination (STIKO): history, structure, and implementation]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:392-399. [PMID: 30767035 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-02898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In Germany, the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) develops recommendations on vaccinations and other measures of specific prophylaxis against communicable diseases. Myths, wrong assumptions, and conspiracy theories are able to disturb the implementation of vaccination recommendations. Evidence and transparency of recommendations are needed to rationalize the discussion.In November 2011, STIKO adopted a new standard operating procedure (SOP) for the development of evidence-based vaccination recommendations. Following guidance provided by the SOP, a number of new vaccination recommendations have been developed since 2011. Furthermore, existing recommendations were revised or extended accordingly. This article provides an overview on the methodology of the SOP, describes experiences made so far, and characterizes future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Harder
- Robert Koch-Institut, Fachgebiet Impfprävention, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Judith Koch
- Robert Koch-Institut, Fachgebiet Impfprävention, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger von Kries
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Institut für Soziale Pädiatrie und Jugendmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Robert Koch-Institut, Fachgebiet Impfprävention, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
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Torres A, Tennant B, Ribeiro-Lucas I, Vaux-Bjerke A, Piercy K, Bloodgood B. Umbrella and Systematic Review Methodology to Support the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:805-810. [PMID: 30336718 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2016, the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, a group of experts in exercise science and health, began an extensive review of the literature to inform the second edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. METHODS The purpose of this paper is to describe the evidence-based methodology used to review, evaluate, and synthesize published, peer-reviewed physical activity research. The protocol-driven methodology was designed to maximize transparency, minimize bias, and ensure relevant, timely, and high-quality systematic reviews. Training protocols, quality control procedures, search strategies, assessment instruments, abstraction guides and forms, and reporting templates were developed. RESULTS A systematic approach was used to select the evidence for the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report that included umbrella reviews and systematic reviews. Within 16 months, 38 searches were conducted; and 20,838 titles, 4913 abstracts, and 2139 full texts were triaged. Of those, 1130 articles were abstracted to answer 38 research questions. CONCLUSIONS To inform population-based physical activity guidelines, this systematic process facilitated a vast review of the literature on physical activity and health in a short period of time. This flexible, yet rigorous and transparent process included a clear and detailed methodology with a focus on training and quality control.
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Harder T, Takla A, Eckmanns T, Ellis S, Forland F, James R, Meerpohl JJ, Morgan A, Rehfuess E, Schünemann H, Zuiderent-Jerak T, de Carvalho Gomes H, Wichmann O. PRECEPT: an evidence assessment framework for infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22. [PMID: 29019317 PMCID: PMC5710124 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.40.16-00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Decisions in public health should be based on the best available evidence, reviewed and appraised using a rigorous and transparent methodology. The Project on a Framework for Rating Evidence in Public Health (PRECEPT) defined a methodology for evaluating and grading evidence in infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control that takes different domains and question types into consideration. The methodology rates evidence in four domains: disease burden, risk factors, diagnostics and intervention. The framework guiding it has four steps going from overarching questions to an evidence statement. In step 1, approaches for identifying relevant key areas and developing specific questions to guide systematic evidence searches are described. In step 2, methodological guidance for conducting systematic reviews is provided; 15 study quality appraisal tools are proposed and an algorithm is given for matching a given study design with a tool. In step 3, a standardised evidence-grading scheme using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group (GRADE) methodology is provided, whereby findings are documented in evidence profiles. Step 4 consists of preparing a narrative evidence summary. Users of this framework should be able to evaluate and grade scientific evidence from the four domains in a transparent and reproducible way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Takla
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Simon Ellis
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roberta James
- Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Cochrane Germany, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antony Morgan
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Rehfuess
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Teun Zuiderent-Jerak
- Department of Thematic Studies -Technology and Social Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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MacDonald NE, Duclos P, Wichmann O, Henaff L, Harnden A, Alshammary A, Tijerino RA, Hall M, Sacarlal J, Singh RR. Moving forward on strengthening and sustaining National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) globally: Recommendations from the 2nd global NITAG network meeting. Vaccine 2017; 35:6925-6930. [PMID: 29103592 PMCID: PMC6278871 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
NITAGs provide independent, evidence-informed
immunization advice to governments. Global NITAG Network (GNN) now formally
launched. GNN: country lead organization formed to strengthen
NITAGs, no participation fees. GNN: nurture development of inter-country NITAG
relationships. GNN: facilitate voluntary sharing information,
technical expertise. GNN: venue to discuss NITAG immunization
decision-making, implementation concerns.
National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs)
provide independent, evidence-informed advice to assist their governments in
immunization policy formation. This is complex work and many NITAGs face
challenges in fulfilling their roles. Inter-country NITAG collaboration
opportunities have the potential to enhance NITAG function and grow the quality
of recommendations. Hence the many requests for formation of a network linking
NITAGs together so they can learn from each other. The first Global NITAG
Network (GNN) meeting, held in 2016, led to a push to launch the GNN and grow
the network. At the second GNN meeting, held June 28–29, 2017 in Berlin, the GNN
was formally inaugurated. Participants discussed GNN governance, reflected on
the April 2017 Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization
conclusions concerning strengthening of NITAGs and also shared NITAG experiences
in evaluation and inter-country collaborations and independence. They also
discussed the role of Regional Technical Advisory Groups on Immunization (RTAGs)
and regional networks. A number of issues were raised including NITAGs and
communications, dissemination of recommendations and vaccine implementation as
well as implications of off-label recommendations. Participants were alerted to
immunization evidence assessment sites and value of sharing of resources. They
also discussed potential GNN funding opportunities, developed an action plan for
2017–18 and selected a Steering Committee to help move the GNN forward. All
participants agreed on the importance of the GNN and the value in attracting
more countries to join the GNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noni E MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Philippe Duclos
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Louise Henaff
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Harnden
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aisha Alshammary
- Department of Pediatrics, Alyamamah Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Arroba Tijerino
- National Commission on Vaccination and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Madeline Hall
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jahit Sacarlal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
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