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Hareendran C, Ravindranathan S, Ajithkumar TG. Insights into the Structure of Sucralfate by Advanced Solid- and Liquid-State NMR. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1390-1401. [PMID: 38329458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Sucralfate, which is a sucrose octasulfate aluminum complex, is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) falling in the category of cytoprotective agents which are very effective for gastric and duodenal ulcers. On interaction with stomach acid, it ionizes into aluminum and sucrose octasulfate ions to form a protective layer over the ulcerated region inhibiting further attack from acid. The mechanism of action of sucralfate in the context of its structure is not well understood. Considering that at least two forms of this API are available in the market, there are no reports on the various forms of sucralfate and differences in their pharmacological action. We characterized the two forms of sucralfate using multinuclear, multidimensional solid-state NMR, and the results show significant structural differences between them arising from variation in the aluminum environment and the level of hydration. The impact of structural differences on pharmacological action was examined by studying acid-induced Al release by 27Al liquid-state NMR. The sucralfate, European pharmaceutical standard, Form I, undergoes faster disruption in acid compared to Form II. The difference is explained on the basis of structural differences in the two forms which gives significant insights into the action of sucralfate in relation to its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Hareendran
- Central NMR Facility and Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sapna Ravindranathan
- Central NMR Facility and Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - T G Ajithkumar
- Central NMR Facility and Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Caricato D, Primavilla S, Scuota S, Ricci M, Perioli L, Marinozzi M, Giovagnoli S. Rojo Duro Red Onion Extract Loaded Spray Thermogel as a Sustainable Platform for the Treatment of Oral Mucosa Lesions. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2974-2985. [PMID: 33865864 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need for new green and sustainable models is ground for the current demand of innovative renewable resource based pharmaceutical products. We propose a Rojo Duro skin onion extract loaded poloxamer/chitosan spray mucoadhesive thermogel aimed at solving current limitations in oral mucosits treatment. Being among the main side effects of radio- and chemotherapy, effective treatment of buccal lesions still represents an unmet medical need. The obtained thermogel combined optimal gelling capacity, release behavior, sprayability, mucoadhesion properties, while maintaining the extract antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The product preserved all properties when stored for 1 month as a freeze-dried powder at 4 °C. This potential new product is highly translational, as it combines a recognized safety to administration/application advantages, as well as simplicity and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Caricato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Primavilla
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Marche and Umbria, via G. Salvemini 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Scuota
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Marche and Umbria, via G. Salvemini 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luana Perioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maura Marinozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
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Saei S, Sahebnasagh A, Ghasemi A, Akbari J, Alipour A, Lashkardoost H, Yaghobi Joybari A, Nejad Dadgar F, Ala S, Salehifar E. Efficacy of sucralfate ointment in the prevention of acute proctitis in cancer patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Caspian J Intern Med 2021; 11:410-418. [PMID: 33680383 PMCID: PMC7911762 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.11.4.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acute radiation proctitis (ARP) is a usual adverse effect in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy. The symptoms include diarrhea, rectal blood or mucus discharge, fecal urgency and tenesmus with pain. Sucralfate, an aluminum-based salt of sucrose octasulfate, is a cytoprotective agent that forms a coating barrier at injured sites by adhering to mucoproteins. It has been used in topical management of a wide variety of local lesion. This study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of rectal sucralfate on acute radiotherapy induced proctitis. Methods: Seven percent sucralfate ointment was prepared for topical use. Drug quantification, chemical stability and microbial limit tests were performed carefully. In this randomized double blind placebo controlled trial, fifty-seven patients with pelvic malignancies undergoing radiotherapy were allocated to receive either 1 g of sucralfate or 1 g of placebo, given as a twice daily ointment, one day before and during radiotherapy for six weeks. The eligible patients were evaluated based on RTOG acute toxicity criteria and the following ARP symptoms weekly: rectal hemorrhage, diarrhea, rectal pain, and fecal urgency. The influence of symptoms on lifestyle was also recorded weekly. Results: Acute proctitis was significantly less prevalent in patients in the sucralfate group. The incidence of rectal bleeding (P=0.003), diarrhea (P=0.002), rectal pain (P=<0.001) and fecal urgency (P=0.002) was significantly less common in the sucralfate group. No statistical significant difference was observed for radiotherapy induced cystitis in the placebo and sucralfate groups (P=0.27). Conclusion: This study suggests that sucralfate7% ointment reduces the incidence of symptoms associated with acute radiation proctitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Adeleh Sahebnasagh
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Arash Ghasemi
- Emam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jafar Akbari
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Alipour
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Lashkardoost
- School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ali Yaghobi Joybari
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farid Nejad Dadgar
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahram Ala
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Salehifar
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Romani D, Brandán SA. Effect of the side chain on the properties from cidofovir to brincidofovir, an experimental antiviral drug against to Ebola virus disease. ARAB J CHEM 2019; 12:2959-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Orf virus, a member of the genus Parapoxvirus, is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma ('Orf'). It is a pathogen with worldwide distribution, causing significant financial losses in livestock production. The disease mainly affects sheep and goats, but various other ruminants and mammals have been reported to be infected as well. It is also a zoonotic disease, affecting mainly people who come in direct or indirect contact with infected animals (e.g. farmers, veterinarians). The disease is usually benign and self-limiting, although in many cases, especially in young animals, it can be persistent and even fatal. Production losses caused by Orf virus are believed to be underestimated, as it is not a notifiable disease. This review of literature presents all latest information regarding the virus; considerations regarding treatment and prevention will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Spyrou
- Technological Education Institute of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - G Valiakos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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Abstract
Objective of the present paper is to review microbial diseases of the genital system of male small ruminants. The paper reviews the infections and the diseases by taking an organ approach within the genital system, whilst relevant health management actions are also discussed. Diseases of the genital organs of male small ruminants include orchitis, of bacterial or viral aetiology, epididymitis, primarily caused by Brucella ovis, by other bacteria as well (e.g., Actinobacillus seminis, Haemophilus somni), infections of the accessory glands, orf, other infections of the penis or prepuce and infections of the scrotum. The health management of rams/bucks include the appropriate diagnostic investigations, the relevant therapeutic approaches and, finally, the preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Gouletsou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
| | - G C Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. McInnes
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park; Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PZ UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Scagliarini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandro Spadari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- School of Pharmacy; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW 2007 Australia
| | | | | | - Gaia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Italy
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Abstract
Viruses have the property to replicate very fast in host cell. It can attack any part of host cell. Therefore, the clinical efficacy of antiviral drugs and its bioavailability is more important concern taken into account to treat viral infections. The oral and parenteral routes of drug administration have several shortcomings, however, which could lead to the search for formulating better delivery systems. Now, a day's novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) proved to be a better approach to enhance the effectiveness of the antivirals and improve the patient compliance and decrease the adverse effect. The NDDS have reduced the dosing frequency and shorten the duration of treatment, thus, which could lead the treatment more cost-effective. The development of NDDS for antiviral and antiretroviral therapy aims to deliver the drug devoid of toxicity, with high compatibility and biodegradability, targeting the drug to specific sites for viral infection and in some instances it also avoid the first pass metabolism effect. This article aims to discuss the usefulness of novel delivery approaches of antiviral agents such as niosomes, microspheres, microemulsions, nanoparticles that are used in the treatment of various Herpes viruses and in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Chawla
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Pravin Pawar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Abstract
Simple Summary Contemporary enthusiasm for the ownership of exotic animals and hobby livestock has created an opportunity for the movement of poxviruses—such as monkeypox, cowpox, and orf—outside their traditional geographic range bringing them into contact with atypical animal hosts and groups of people not normally considered at risk. It is important that pet owners and practitioners of human and animal medicine develop a heightened awareness for poxvirus infections and understand the risks that can be associated with companion animals and livestock. This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical features of zoonotic poxviruses that are most likely to affect companion animals. Abstract Understanding the zoonotic risk posed by poxviruses in companion animals is important for protecting both human and animal health. The outbreak of monkeypox in the United States, as well as current reports of cowpox in Europe, point to the fact that companion animals are increasingly serving as sources of poxvirus transmission to people. In addition, the trend among hobbyists to keep livestock (such as goats) in urban and semi-urban areas has contributed to increased parapoxvirus exposures among people not traditionally considered at high risk. Despite the historic notoriety of poxviruses and the diseases they cause, poxvirus infections are often missed. Delays in diagnosing poxvirus-associated infections in companion animals can lead to inadvertent human exposures. Delays in confirming human infections can result in inappropriate treatment or prolonged recovery. Early recognition of poxvirus-associated infections and application of appropriate preventive measures can reduce the spread of virus between companion animals and their owners. This review will discuss the epidemiology and clinical features associated with the zoonotic poxvirus infections most commonly associated with companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Tack
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Mary G Reynolds
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucralfate is a cytoprotective agent which adheres to mucoproteins and forms a protective barrier at wound sites. In oral form it is a common ulcer medication, and as a topical preparation it has been used to treat a wide variety of wounds. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical sucralfate in wound healing after anal fistulotomy. DESIGN Double-blind, randomized controlled study comparing topical application of sucralfate or placebo. SETTING Private outpatient clinic specializing in anorectal disease in Nagpur, India. PATIENTS Patients with a wound length of at least 5 cm after low anal fistulotomy were eligible for the study. INTERVENTION Patients were randomly assigned to receive ointment containing 7% sucralfate or a placebo ointment consisting of petroleum jelly. Patients were instructed to apply approximately 3 g of ointment to the wound twice daily after a sitz bath for 6 weeks or until the wound had healed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The wounds were examined by a blinded independent observer at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the operation. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with wounds that had completely healed. Secondary end points included amount of mucosal covering (scored by the observer), adverse events, and postoperative pain (self-rated on a visual analog scale). RESULTS Of 80 participants (29 women, 51 men; median age, 23 (range, 17-49) years), 76 participants completed the trial (sucralfate, 39; placebo, 37). At 6-week follow-up, complete wound healing was achieved in 37 patients (95%) in the sucralfate group and 27 patients (73%) in the placebo group (P = .009). Mucosal coverage of the wound was significantly greater with sucralfate than with placebo at each measurement point (P = .01). No adverse events were observed. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower for sucralfate than for placebo at 2 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment. LIMITATIONS Wound tissue specimens were not available for morphological and ultrastructural analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study add support to the evidence that topical sucralfate is a safe and effective method for promoting mucosal healing and for providing analgesia during wound treatment. Patients undergoing anal fistulotomy can benefit from the use of topical application of sucralfate.
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Abstract
Cidofovir [(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine, HPMPC] is an acyclic nucleoside analog approved since 1996 for clinical use in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. Cidofovir (CDV) has broad-spectrum activity against DNA viruses, including herpes-, adeno-, polyoma-, papilloma- and poxviruses. Among poxviruses, cidofovir has shown in vitro activity against orthopox [vaccinia, variola (smallpox), cowpox, monkeypox, camelpox, ectromelia], molluscipox [molluscum contagiosum] and parapox [orf] viruses. The anti-poxvirus activity of cidofovir in vivo has been shown in different models of infection when the compound was administered either intraperitoneal, intranasal (aerosolized) or topically. In humans, cidofovir has been successfully used for the treatment of recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum virus and orf virus in immunocompromised patients. CDV remains a reference compound against poxviruses and holds potential for the therapy and short-term prophylaxis of not only orthopox- but also parapox- and molluscipoxvirus infections.
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