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Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key intrafollicular mediator of ovulation in many, if not all, mammalian species. PGE2 acts at follicular cells via four distinct PGE2 receptors (PTGERs). Within the ovulatory follicle, each cell type (e.g., oocyte, cumulus granulosa cell, mural granulosa cell, theca cell, endothelial cell) expresses a different subset of the four PTGERs. Expression of a subset of PTGERs has consequences for the generation of intracellular signals and ultimately the unique functions of follicular cells that respond to PGE2. Just as the ovulatory LH surge regulates PGE2 synthesis, the LH surge also regulates expression of the four PTGERs. The pattern of expression of the four PTGERs among follicular cells before and after the LH surge forms a spatial and temporal map of PGE2 responses. Differential PTGER expression, coupled with activation of cell-specific intracellular signals, may explain how a single paracrine mediator can have pleotropic actions within the ovulatory follicle. Understanding the role of each PTGER in ovulation may point to previously unappreciated opportunities to both promote and prevent fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ok Kim
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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Harris SM, Aschenbach LC, Skinner SM, Dozier BL, Duffy DM. Prostaglandin E2 receptors are differentially expressed in subpopulations of granulosa cells from primate periovulatory follicles. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:916-23. [PMID: 21753194 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) mediates many effects of the midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge within the periovulatory follicle. Differential expression of the four PGE2 (EP) receptors may contribute to the specialized functions of each granulosa cell subpopulation. To determine if EP receptors are differentially expressed in granulosa cells, monkeys received gonadotropins to stimulate ovarian follicular development. Periovulatory events were initiated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG); granulosa cells and whole ovaries were collected before (0 h) and after (24-36 h) hCG to span the 40-h primate periovulatory interval. EP receptor mRNA and protein levels were quantified in granulosa cell subpopulations. Cumulus cells expressed higher levels of EP2 and EP3 mRNA compared with mural cells 36 h after hCG. Cumulus cell EP2 and EP3 protein levels also increased between 0 and 36 h after hCG. Overall, mural granulosa cells expressed low levels of EP1 protein at 0 h and higher levels 24-36 h after hCG. However, EP1 protein levels were higher in granulosa cells away from the follicle apex compared with apex cells 36 h after hCG. Higher levels of PAI-1 protein were measured in nonapex cells, consistent with a previous study showing EP1-stimulated PAI-1 protein expression in monkey granulosa cells. EP4 protein levels were low in all subpopulations. In summary, cumulus cells likely respond to PGE2 via EP2 and EP3, whereas PGE2 controls rupture of a specific region of the follicle via EP1. Therefore, differential expression of EP receptors may permit each granulosa cell subpopulation to generate a unique response to PGE2 during the process of ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siabhon M Harris
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The ovulatory gonadotropin surge increases synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by the periovulatory follicle. PGE2 actions on granulosa cells are essential for successful ovulation. The aim of the present study is to determine if PGE2 also acts directly at the oocyte to regulate periovulatory events. METHODS Oocytes were obtained from monkeys and mice after ovarian follicular stimulation and assessed for PGE2 receptor mRNA and proteins. Oocytes were cultured with vehicle or PGE2 and assessed for cAMP generation, resumption of meiosis, and in vitro fertilization. RESULTS Germinal vesicle intact (GV) oocytes from both monkeys and mice expressed mRNA for the PGE2 receptors EP2, EP3, and EP4. EP2 and EP4 proteins were detected by confocal microscopy in oocytes of both species. Monkey and mouse oocytes responded to PGE2 as well as agonists selective for EP2 and EP4 receptors with elevated cAMP, consistent with previous identification of EP2 and EP4 as Gαs/adenylyl cyclase coupled receptors. Incubation of mouse GV stage oocytes with PGE2 delayed oocyte nuclear maturation in vitro, but PGE2 treatment did not alter the percentage of mouse oocytes that fertilized successfully. PGE2 treatment also decreased the percentage of monkey oocytes that resumed meiosis in vitro. In contrast with mouse oocytes, the percentage of monkey oocytes which fertilized in vitro was lower after treatment with PGE2. Monkey oocytes with intact cumulus showed delayed nuclear maturation, but fertilization rate was not affected by PGE2 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Monkey and mouse oocytes express functional PGE2 receptors. PGE2 acts directly at mammalian oocytes to delay nuclear maturation. Surrounding cumulus cells modulate the effect of PGE2 to alter subsequent fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Lynda K McGinnis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Catherine A VandeVoort
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Roy L, McDonald CA, Jiang C, Maroni D, Zeleznik AJ, Wyatt TA, Hou X, Davis JS. Convergence of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate/protein kinase A and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta/beta-catenin signaling in corpus luteum progesterone synthesis. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5036-45. [PMID: 19819952 PMCID: PMC3213761 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone secretion by the steroidogenic cells of the corpus luteum (CL) is essential for reproduction. Progesterone synthesis is under the control of LH, but the exact mechanism of this regulation is unknown. It is established that LH stimulates the LH receptor/choriogonadotropin receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor, to increase cAMP and activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that cAMP/PKA-dependent regulation of the Wnt pathway components glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta and beta-catenin contributes to LH-dependent steroidogenesis in luteal cells. We observed that LH via a cAMP/PKA-dependent mechanism stimulated the phosphorylation of GSK3beta at N-terminal Ser9 causing its inactivation and resulted in the accumulation of beta-catenin. Overexpression of N-terminal truncated beta-catenin (Delta90 beta-catenin), which lacks the phosphorylation sites responsible for its destruction, significantly augmented LH-stimulated progesterone secretion. In contrast, overexpression of a constitutively active mutant of GSK3beta (GSK-S9A) reduced beta-catenin levels and inhibited LH-stimulated steroidogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the association of beta-catenin with the proximal promoter of the StAR gene, a gene that expresses the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, which is a cholesterol transport protein that controls a rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis. Collectively these data suggest that cAMP/PKA regulation of GSK3beta/beta-catenin signaling may contribute to the acute increase in progesterone production in response to LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Roy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, 3255 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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Hurwitz JM, Jindal S, Greenseid K, Berger D, Brooks A, Santoro N, Pal L. Reproductive aging is associated with altered gene expression in human luteinized granulosa cells. Reprod Sci 2009; 17:56-67. [PMID: 19805551 DOI: 10.1177/1933719109348028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Declining reproductive success with aging is attributable to qualitative and quantitative deterioration in oocytes, which are nurtured by granulosa cells (GCs). This prospective study assesses whether reproductive aging is accompanied by differential gene expression in luteinized GCs from in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. Women with nonovarian infertility etiologies were categorized as younger (< or =30, n = 3) or older (> or =40, n = 3). During oocyte retrieval, mural GCs were isolated; messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted and transcribed for complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis. Differential gene expression was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis revealed 120 genes were differentially expressed. Three genes were upregulated and 117 were downregulated (including interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-1R2, and IL-6R) in GCs of older versus younger patients. Our data provide evidence of downregulation in IL-1 and IL-6 gene families in luteinized GCs with advancing age. Given previously recognized roles for the IL gene family in folliculogenesis and ovulation, our findings may partly explain ovulatory and luteal dysfunctions associated with reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Hurwitz
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Breinig M, Rieker R, Eiteneuer E, Wertenbruch T, Haugg AM, Helmke BM, Schirmacher P, Kern MA. Differential expression of E-prostanoid receptors in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:547-57. [PMID: 17918156 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that inhibition of cyclooxygenases (e.g. COX-2) exerts antitumorigenic effects on hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), which are to a significant extent due to the abrogation of PGE(2) synthesis. PGE(2) acts via differentially regulated prostaglandin receptors (EP(1-4)). Our study was designed to investigate the expression pattern of EP-receptors in HCCs and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of selective EP-receptor antagonists. Using tissue microarrays including a total of 14 control livers, 17 liver cirrhoses, 22 premalignant dysplastic nodules (DNs) and 162 HCCs with different histological grades, the expression of COX-2, mPGES-1 and -2 and EP(1-4)-receptors was analyzed. Western immunoblot analyses were performed to confirm the expression in HCC cell lines. The effects of EP(1-4)-receptor antagonism on cell viability and apoptosis were investigated using MTT-assays and FACS-analyses, respectively. COX-2, mPGES-1 and -2 and EP(1-4)-receptors were expressed in all HCC tissues. COX-2 expression was highest in DNs and declined with loss of HCC-differentiation. With respect to COX-2 expression, a converse expression of EP(1-3) -receptors and mPGES-1 and -2 was found in DNs compared to HCCs. Selectively antagonizing EP(1)- and EP(3)-receptors reduced the viability of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with apoptosis induction. Our results suggest a differential regulation of EP-receptor subtype expression with dedifferentiation of HCCs in which a converse expression pattern for COX-2 in comparison to EP(1-3)-receptors occurs. Of clinical interest, selectively antagonizing EP(1)- and EP(3)-receptors may provide a novel systemic therapeutic approach to the treatment of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Breinig
- Department of General Pathology, University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Chandras C, Harris TE, López Bernal A, Abayasekara DRE, Michael AE. PTGER1 and PTGER2 receptors mediate regulation of progesterone synthesis and type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by prostaglandin E2 in human granulosa lutein cells. J Endocrinol 2007; 194:595-602. [PMID: 17761898 PMCID: PMC2040272 DOI: 10.1677/joe-07-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In luteinizing granulosa cells, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) can exert luteotrophic actions, apparently via the cAMP signalling pathway. In addition to stimulating progesterone synthesis, PGE(2) can also stimulate oxidation of the physiological glucocorticoid, cortisol, to its inactive metabolite, cortisone, by the type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD1) enzyme in human granulosa-lutein cells. Having previously shown these human ovarian cells to express functional G-protein coupled, E-series prostaglandin (PTGER)1, PTGER2 and PTGER4 receptors, the aim of this study was to delineate the roles of PTGER1 and PTGER2 receptors in mediating the effects of PGE(2) on steroidogenesis and cortisol metabolism in human granulosa-lutein cells. PGE(2)-stimulated concentration-dependent increases in both progesterone production and cAMP accumulation (by 1.9 +/- 0.1- and 18.7 +/- 6.8-fold respectively at 3000 nM PGE(2)). While a selective PTGER1 antagonist, SC19220, could partially inhibit the steroidogenic response to PGE(2) (by 55.9 +/- 4.1% at 1000 nM PGE(2)), co-treatment with AH6809, a mixed PTGER1/PTGER2 receptor antagonist, completely abolished the stimulation of progesterone synthesis at all tested concentrations of PGE(2) and suppressed the stimulation of cAMP accumulation. Both PGE(2) and butaprost (a preferential PTGER2 receptor agonist) stimulated concentration-dependent increases in cortisol oxidation by 11betaHSD1 (by 42.5 +/- 3.1 and 40.0 +/- 3.0% respectively, at PGE(2) and butaprost concentrations of 1000 nM). Co-treatment with SC19220 enhanced the ability of both PGE(2) and butaprost to stimulate 11betaHSD1 activity (by 30.2 +/- 0.2 and 30.5 +/- 0.6% respectively), whereas co-treatment with AH6809 completely abolished the 11betaHSD1 responses to PGE(2) and butaprost. These findings implicate the PTGER2 receptor-cAMP signalling pathway in the stimulation of progesterone production and 11betaHSD1 activity by PGE(2) in human granulosa-lutein cells.
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MESH Headings
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/metabolism
- Alprostadil/analogs & derivatives
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cortisone/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone/metabolism
- Luteal Cells/drug effects
- Luteal Cells/metabolism
- Progesterone/biosynthesis
- Prostaglandin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Prostaglandins E, Synthetic/pharmacology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Xanthones/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chandras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College LondonRowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PFUK
- Department of Veterinary Basic Science, Royal Veterinary CollegeRoyal College Street, London NW1 0TUUK
| | - T E Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College LondonRowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PFUK
- Department of Veterinary Basic Science, Royal Veterinary CollegeRoyal College Street, London NW1 0TUUK
| | - A López Bernal
- Department of Clinical Science at South Bristol (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), University of BristolDorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NYUK
| | - D R E Abayasekara
- Department of Veterinary Basic Science, Royal Veterinary CollegeRoyal College Street, London NW1 0TUUK
| | - A E Michael
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College LondonRowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PFUK
- Division of Clinical Developmental Sciences, Academic Section of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Centre for Developmental and Endocrine Signalling, St George's University of LondonCranmer Terrace Tooting, London SW17 0REUK
- (Requests for offprints should be addressed to A E Michael; )
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Cai Z, Kwintkiewicz J, Young ME, Stocco C. Prostaglandin E2 increases cyp19 expression in rat granulosa cells: implication of GATA-4. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 263:181-9. [PMID: 17097802 PMCID: PMC1779458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression of Cyp19, the key gene of estrogen biosynthesis, in granulosa cells (GC) is essential for follicular growth and coordination of the ovulatory process. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of PGE2 and PGF2alpha on Cyp19 expression in undifferentiated and luteinized GC (UGC and LGC). In UGC, PGE2 increased Cyp19 mRNA and Cyp19 protein levels whereas PGF2alpha had no effect. In LGC, PGF2alpha decreased Cyp19 expression whereas PGE2 had no effect. Gene-reporter experiments demonstrated that PGE2 increases Cyp19 transcription in UGC. A protein kinase A inhibitor blocked PGE2-induced increase in Cyp19 promoter activity. PGE2 increased GATA-4 binding to the Cyp19 promoter. Mutation of the GATA binding site resulted in the loss of PGE2 stimulation. This study demonstrates that PGE2 stimulates Cyp19 expression in rat GC and suggests that GATA-4 may mediate (at least in part) the stimulatory effect of PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailong Cai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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Markosyan N, Dozier BL, Lattanzio FA, Duffy DM. Primate granulosa cell response via prostaglandin E2 receptors increases late in the periovulatory interval. Biol Reprod 2006; 75:868-76. [PMID: 16943366 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.053769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful ovulation requires elevated follicular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. To determine which PGE2 receptors are available to mediate periovulatory events in follicles, granulosa cells and whole ovaries were collected from monkeys before (0 h) and after administration of an ovulatory dose of hCG to span the 40-h periovulatory interval. All PGE2 receptor mRNAs were present in monkey granulosa cells. As assessed by immunofluorescence, PTGER1 (EP1) protein was low/nondetectable in granulosa cells 0, 12, and 24 h after hCG but was abundant 36 h after hCG administration. PTGER2 (EP2) and PTGER3 (EP3) proteins were detected by immunofluorescence in granulosa cells throughout the periovulatory interval, and Western blotting showed an increase in PTGER2 and PTGER3 levels between 0 h and 36 h after hCG. In contrast, PTGER4 (EP4) protein was not detected in monkey granulosa cells. Granulosa cell response to PGE2 receptor agonists was examined 24 h and 36 h after hCG administration, when elevated PGE2 levels present in periovulatory follicles initiate ovulatory events. PGE2 acts via PTGER1 to increase intracellular calcium. PGE2 increased intracellular calcium in granulosa cells obtained 36 h, but not 24 h, after hCG; this effect of PGE2 was blocked by a PTGER1 antagonist. A PTGER2-specific agonist and a PTGER3-specific agonist each elevated cAMP in granulosa cells obtained 36 h, but not 24 h, after hCG. Therefore, the granulosa cells of primate periovulatory follicles express multiple receptors for PGE2. Granulosa cells respond to agonist stimulation of each of these receptors 36 h, but not 24 h, after hCG, supporting the hypothesis that granulosa cells are most sensitive to PGE2 as follicular PGE2 levels peak, leading to maximal PGE2-mediated periovulatory effects just before ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Markosyan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507-1980, USA.
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10
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Assou S, Anahory T, Pantesco V, Le Carrour T, Pellestor F, Klein B, Reyftmann L, Dechaud H, De Vos J, Hamamah S. The human cumulus--oocyte complex gene-expression profile. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1705-19. [PMID: 16571642 PMCID: PMC2377388 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of the mechanisms regulating human oocyte maturation is still rudimentary. We have identified transcripts differentially expressed between immature and mature oocytes and cumulus cells. METHODS Using oligonucleotide microarrays, genome-wide gene expression was studied in pooled immature and mature oocytes or cumulus cells from patients who underwent IVF. RESULTS In addition to known genes, such as DAZL, BMP15 or GDF9, oocytes up-regulated 1514 genes. We show that PTTG3 and AURKC are respectively the securin and the Aurora kinase preferentially expressed during oocyte meiosis. Strikingly, oocytes overexpressed previously unreported growth factors such as TNFSF13/APRIL, FGF9, FGF14 and IL4 and transcription factors including OTX2, SOX15 and SOX30. Conversely, cumulus cells, in addition to known genes such as LHCGR or BMPR2, overexpressed cell-to-cell signalling genes including TNFSF11/RANKL, numerous complement components, semaphorins (SEMA3A, SEMA6A and SEMA6D) and CD genes such as CD200. We also identified 52 genes progressively increasing during oocyte maturation, including CDC25A and SOCS7. CONCLUSION The identification of genes that were up- and down-regulated during oocyte maturation greatly improves our understanding of oocyte biology and will provide new markers that signal viable and competent oocytes. Furthermore, genes found expressed in cumulus cells are potential markers of granulosa cell tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Assou
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi
34000 Montpellier,FR
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes
INSERM : U475IFR76Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm
99, Rue Puech Villa
34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
| | - Tal Anahory
- UFR Médecine
Université Montpellier IMontpellier,FR
| | - Véronique Pantesco
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes
INSERM : U475IFR76Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm
99, Rue Puech Villa
34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
| | - Tanguy Le Carrour
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi
34000 Montpellier,FR
| | - Franck Pellestor
- UFR Médecine
Université Montpellier IMontpellier,FR
- IGH, Institut de génétique humaine
CNRS : UPR1142institut de Génétique humaine
141 Rue de la Cardonille
34396 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
| | - Bernard Klein
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi
34000 Montpellier,FR
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes
INSERM : U475IFR76Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm
99, Rue Puech Villa
34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
| | - Lionel Reyftmann
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction
CHRU MontpellierHôpital Arnaud de VilleneuveUniversité Montpellier IFR
| | - Hervé Dechaud
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction
CHRU MontpellierHôpital Arnaud de VilleneuveUniversité Montpellier IFR
| | - John De Vos
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi
34000 Montpellier,FR
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes
INSERM : U475IFR76Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm
99, Rue Puech Villa
34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: John De Vos
| | - Samir Hamamah
- IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie
CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHôpital Saint-Eloi
34000 Montpellier,FR
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes
INSERM : U475IFR76Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm
99, Rue Puech Villa
34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
- UFR Médecine
Université Montpellier IMontpellier,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Samir Hamamah
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11
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Seachord CL, VandeVoort CA, Duffy DM. Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein: A Gonadotropin- and Prostaglandin-Regulated Protein in Primate Periovulatory Follicles1. Biol Reprod 2005; 72:1305-14. [PMID: 15689536 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.037523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The midcycle LH surge stimulates a rise in follicular fluid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is necessary for normal ovulation. To examine PGE2-regulated processes in primate follicles, monkey granulosa cells were cultured with hCG alone or with hCG and PGE2, and the resulting total RNA was subjected to microarray analysis. Twenty PGE2-regulated mRNAs were identified, and we selected a lipid droplet protein, adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), for further study. To determine whether hCG and PGE2 regulate ADRP expression in vivo, monkeys received gonadotropins to stimulate multiple follicular development. Human chorionic gonadotropin was then administered alone or with the PG synthesis inhibitor celecoxib, and follicular aspirates or whole ovaries were obtained at times that span the 40-h periovulatory interval. Administration of hCG increased granulosa cell ADRP mRNA and protein, with peak levels measured just before the expected time of ovulation. Treatment with hCG and celecoxib decreased granulosa cell ADRP mRNA levels compared with those of animals treated with hCG only. ADRP was detected by immunocytochemistry in many monkey tissues that synthesize prostaglandins but was not consistently expressed by steroidogenic tissues. Granulosa cells of periovulatory follicles immunostained for ADRP after, but not before, hCG administration; ADRP colocalized with large lipid droplets within the granulosa cell cytoplasm. These studies identify ADRP as a novel gonadotropin- and PGE2-regulated protein in the granulosa cells of primate periovulatory follicles. Because ADRP facilitates arachidonic acid uptake in non-ovarian cells, ADRP-associated lipid droplets may enhance arachidonic acid uptake by granulosa cells to provide a precursor for periovulatory prostaglandin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Seachord
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA
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12
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Clark CA, Schwarz EM, Zhang X, Ziran NM, Drissi H, O'Keefe RJ, Zuscik MJ. Differential regulation of EP receptor isoforms during chondrogenesis and chondrocyte maturation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 328:764-76. [PMID: 15694412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte maturation by prostaglandins has been a topic of interest during recent years. Particular focus on this area derives from the realization that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could impact these cartilage-related processes which are important in skeletal development and are recapitulated during bone healing either post-trauma or post-surgery. In addition to reviewing the relevant literature focused on prostaglandin synthesis and signaling through the G-protein coupled EP receptors, we present novel findings that establish the expression profile of EP receptors in chondroprogenitors and chondrocytes. Further, we begin to examine the signaling that may be involved with the transduction of PGE2 effects in these cells. Our findings suggest that EP2 and EP4 receptor activation of cAMP metabolism may represent a central axis of events that facilitate the impact of PGE2 on the processes of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to chondrogenesis and ultimate chondrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Clark
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Calder MD, Caveney AN, Sirard MA, Watson AJ. Effect of serum and cumulus cell expansion on marker gene transcripts in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes during maturation in vitro. Fertil Steril 2005; 83 Suppl 1:1077-85. [PMID: 15831278 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Revised: 08/23/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of transcripts encoding the FSH receptor (FSHr), LH receptor (LHr), connexin 43 (Cx43), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E(2) receptors 2 and 3 (EP2 and EP3) within bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and denuded oocytes and investigate the influence of gonadotropins, serum, and cumulus cell expansion on the abundance of transcripts encoding these genes. DESIGN Prospective controlled animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Animal models for human studies. INTERVENTION(S) Cumulus-oocyte complexes were treated in culture with serum and gonadotropin-supplemented media to examine the effects to mRNA transcript levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Variation in mRNA transcript levels. RESULT(S) Luteinizing hormone receptor, FSHr, and EP3 mRNAs were detected in intact COCs and not in cumulus cell-denuded oocytes, whereas Cx43, COX-2, and EP2 mRNAs were found in both COCs and oocytes. The relative abundance of marker gene mRNAs did not vary in media containing no additives or FSH alone, independent of whether the media induced cumulus cell expansion. However, the presence of serum in maturation media significantly decreased expression of all mRNAs except LHr. CONCLUSION(S) The relative abundance of COC mRNAs is altered by serum in the maturation medium, which may signify long-term consequences for embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele D Calder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Spinella F, Rosanò L, Di Castro V, Natali PG, Bagnato A. Endothelin-1-induced prostaglandin E2-EP2, EP4 signaling regulates vascular endothelial growth factor production and ovarian carcinoma cell invasion. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:46700-5. [PMID: 15347673 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m408584200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1- and COX-2-derived prostaglandins are implicated in the development and progression of several malignancies. We have recently demonstrated that treatment of ovarian carcinoma cells with endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces expression of both COX-1 and COX-2, which contributes to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. In this study, we show that in HEY and OVCA 433 ovarian carcinoma cells, ET-1, through the binding with ETA receptor (ETAR), induces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, as the more represented PG types, and increases the expression of PGE2 receptor type 2 (EP2) and type 4 (EP4). The use of pharmacological EP agonists and antagonists indicates that ET-1 and PGE2 stimulate VEGF production principally through EP2 and EP4 receptors. At the mechanistic level, we prove that the induction of PGE2 and VEGF by ET-1 involves Src-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Finally, we demonstrate that ETAR-mediated activation of PGE2-dependent signaling participates in the regulation of the invasive behavior of ovarian carcinoma cells by activating tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinase. These results implicate EP2 and EP4 receptors in the induction of VEGF expression and cell invasiveness by ET-1 and provide a mechanism by which ETAR/ET-1 can promote and interact with PGE2-dependent machinery to amplify its proangiogenic and invasive phenotype in ovarian carcinoma cells. Pharmacological blockade of ETAR can therefore represent an additional strategy to control PGE2 signaling, which has been associated with ovarian carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spinella
- Laboratories of Molecular Pathology and Ultrastructure and Immunology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00158 Rome, Italy
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15
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Schmitz T, Leroy MJ, Dallot E, Breuiller-Fouche M, Ferre F, Cabrol D. Interleukin-1beta induces glycosaminoglycan synthesis via the prostaglandin E2 pathway in cultured human cervical fibroblasts. Mol Hum Reprod 2003; 9:1-8. [PMID: 12529415 PMCID: PMC4710740 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gag007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify, in cultured human cervical fibroblasts, the mechanisms by which interleukin (IL)-1beta induces the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and to explore the putative role of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in this process. Exposure of the cells for 24 h to IL-1beta induced a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent increase in GAG synthesis. IL-1beta (1 ng/ml) induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein 6 h after treatment, accompanied by a 7.5-fold increase in PGE(2) production. We confirmed that NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, dose-dependently blocked PGE(2) augmentation following IL-1beta treatment. AH23848, the selective EP(4) receptor antagonist, completely abolished IL-1beta-induced GAG synthesis, whereas AH6809, an EP(2) receptor antagonist, had no effect on the stimulatory effects of IL-1beta. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 6 h exposure to IL-1beta induced a notable increase in EP(4) receptor mRNA expression and a decrease in EP(1) receptor mRNA but had no effect on the expression of EP(2) and EP(3) receptor transcripts. In conclusion, these findings indicate that IL-1beta not only induced GAG synthesis by increasing COX-2 protein expression and the subsequent PGE(2) production but also enhanced the responsiveness of cervical fibroblasts to PGE(2) by selectively up-regulating EP(4) receptor mRNA expression. These results suggest that PGE(2) may regulate human cervical ripening in an autocrine/paracrine manner via EP(4) receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cervix Uteri/cytology
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- DNA Primers
- Dinoprostone/physiology
- Female
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Interleukin-1/pharmacology
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Membrane Proteins
- Nitrobenzenes/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmitz
- INSERM U 361, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
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16
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Abstract
Prostanoids are a group of lipid mediators that include the prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TX). Upon cell stimulation, prostanoids are synthesized from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and released outside the cells to exert various physiological and pathological actions in a variety of tissues and cells. The activities of prostanoids are mediated by specific G protein-coupled receptors, which have been classified on the basis of pharmacological experiments into eight types and subtypes according to their responsiveness to selective agonists and antagonists. These prostanoid receptors have been cloned from various species including human, and their distinct binding properties and signal transduction pathways have been characterized by analyses of cells expressing each receptor. Furthermore, the distribution patterns of prostanoid receptor mRNAs have been determined in tissues and cells for various species. This information is useful for understanding the molecular basis of the pathophysiological actions of prostanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan.
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Harris TE, Squires PE, Michael AE, Bernal AL, Abayasekara DR. Human granulosa-lutein cells express functional EP1 and EP2 prostaglandin receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:1089-94. [PMID: 11478765 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) exerts mainly luteotrophic effects in the corpus luteum. In other tissues, PGE(2) acts via specific PGE(2) receptor subtypes including EP1, which modulates intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) and EP2, which is coupled to cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation. We have therefore investigated the presence of functional EP1 and EP2 receptors using human granulosa-lutein (GL) cells. Reverse-transcription PCR revealed that GL cells expressed mRNA transcripts encoding both EP1 and EP2 receptors. When GL cells were challenged with ligands that can bind to both receptor subtypes (PGE(2) and 16,16 dimethyl PGE(2)) or exclusively to EP2 (butaprost), both cAMP formation and progesterone synthesis were stimulated. Furthermore, the cAMP response to these agonists could be significantly blocked by an EP1/2 antagonist AH6809 but not by an EP1-selective antagonist SC19220. Exposure of GL cells to 16,16-dm PGE(2) transiently raised [Ca(2+)](i) levels, which could be prevented by both AH6809 and SC19220. We therefore conclude that human GL cells express functional EP1 and EP2 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2/pharmacology
- Alprostadil/analogs & derivatives
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Granulosa Cells/drug effects
- Granulosa Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Lutein/metabolism
- Progesterone/biosynthesis
- Prostaglandin Antagonists/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Xanthenes/pharmacology
- Xanthones
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Harris
- Reproduction and Development Group, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, United Kingdom.
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