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Xu Y, Wu S, Cui Z, Dai W, Fan Y, Wu W, Chen P, Pan D. Photolysis of CH3I under UV irradiation: effects of solvents, pH, and concentration. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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Paz-Villarraga CA, Castro ÍB, Fillmann G. Biocides in antifouling paint formulations currently registered for use. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:30090-30101. [PMID: 34997484 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling paints incorporate biocides in their composition seeking to avoid or minimize the settlement and growing of undesirable fouling organisms. Therefore, biocides are released into the aquatic environments also affecting several nontarget organisms and, thus, compromising ecosystems. Despite global efforts to investigate the environmental occurrence and toxicity of biocides currently used in antifouling paints, the specific active ingredients that have been used in commercial products are poorly known. Thus, the present study assessed the frequencies of occurrence and relative concentrations of biocides in antifouling paint formulations registered for marketing worldwide. The main data were obtained from databases of governmental agencies, business associations, and safety data sheets from paint manufacturers around the world. The results pointed out for 25 active ingredients currently used as biocides, where up to six biocides have been simultaneously used in the examined formulations. Cuprous oxide, copper pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, zineb, DCOIT, and cuprous thiocyanate were the most frequent ones, with mean relative concentrations of 35.9 ± 12.8%, 2.9 ± 1.6%, 4.0 ± 5.3%, 5.4 ± 2.0%, 1.9 ± 1.9%, and 18.1 ± 8.0% (w/w) of respective biocide present in the antifouling paint formulations. Surprisingly, antifouling paints containing TBT as an active ingredient are still being registered for commercialization nowadays. These results can be applied as a proxy of biocides that are possibly being used by antifouling systems and, consequently, released into the aquatic environment, which can help to prioritize the active ingredients that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Paz-Villarraga
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos E Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, 96201-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia E Contaminação Marinha, Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo 168, Santos, São Paulo, 11030-100, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos E Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, 96201-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil.
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3
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Bonanno JA, Breen NE, Tlusty MF, Andrade L, Rhyne AL. The determination of thiocyanate in the blood plasma and holding water of Amphiprion clarkii after exposure to cyanide. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12409. [PMID: 34963821 PMCID: PMC8663612 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The illegal practice of cyanide fishing continues throughout the Indo-Pacific. To combat this destructive fishing method, a reliable test to detect whether a fish has been captured using cyanide (CN) is needed. We report on the toxicokinetics of acute, pulsed CN exposure and chronic thiocyanate (SCN) exposure, the major metabolite of CN, in the clownfish species, Amphiprion clarkii. Fish were pulse exposed to 50 ppm CN for 20 or 45 s or chronically exposed to 100 ppm SCN for 12 days and blood plasma levels of SCN were measured. SCN blood plasma levels reached a maximum concentration (301–468 ppb) 0.13–0.17 days after exposure to CN and had a 0.1 to 1.2 day half-life. The half-life of blood plasma SCN after chronic exposure to SCN was found to be 0.13 days. Interestingly, we observed that when a fish, with no previous CN or SCN exposure, was placed in holding water spiked to 20 ppb SCN, there was a steady decrease in the SCN concentration in the holding water until it could no longer be detected at 24 hrs. Under chronic exposure conditions (100 ppm, 12 days), trace levels of SCN (∼40 ppb) were detected in the holding water during depuration but decreased to below detection within the first 24 hrs. Our holding water experiments demonstrate that low levels of SCN in the holding water of A. clarkii will not persist, but rather will quickly and steadily decrease to below detection limits refuting several publications. After CN exposure, A. clarkii exhibits a classic two compartment model where SCN is eliminated from the blood plasma and is likely distributed throughout the body. Similar studies of other species must be examined to continue to develop our understanding of CN metabolism in marine fish before a reliable cyanide detection test can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alexander Bonanno
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, United States of America.,Current affiliation: Takara Bio USA, Inc., San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Nancy E Breen
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, United States of America
| | - Michael F Tlusty
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Andrade
- Dominion Diagnostics, North Kingstown, RI, United States of America
| | - Andrew L Rhyne
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology, and Environmental Science, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, United States of America
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5
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Rong L, Lim LW, Takeuchi T. Poly(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate-bonded Stationary Phase in Ion Chromatography and Its Application to Seawater Samples. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1003-1006. [PMID: 33310989 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A fast and simple ion chromatographic method for the determination of iodide in seawater is reported using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-bonded stationary phase. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate was reacted with primary amino groups of aminopropylsilica in N,N-dimethylformamide at 80°C. The prepared stationary phases were evaluated by analyzing several inorganic anions and the retention behavior was observed. Various chromatographic parameters were optimized for the separation of these anions. Although there were no ion-exchange sites on the resulted stationary phases, the results obtained suggested that an ion-exchange mechanism was involved in the retention of analyte anions. With 0.15 μL injection, the limit of quantitation of iodide was 26 μg L-1 when 200 mM NaCl was selected as the eluent. This stationary phase was applied to the analysis of direct and fast determination of iodide in real seawater samples successfully with the recovery rates of 98.1 and 104.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Lee Wah Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Toyohide Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
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6
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Concilio SC, Zhekova HR, Noskov SY, Russell SJ. Inter-species variation in monovalent anion substrate selectivity and inhibitor sensitivity in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229085. [PMID: 32084174 PMCID: PMC7034854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) transports iodide, which is necessary for thyroid hormone production. NIS also transports other monovalent anions such as tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), pertechnetate (TcO4-), and thiocyanate (SCN-), and is competitively inhibited by perchlorate (ClO4-). However, the mechanisms of substrate selectivity and inhibitor sensitivity are poorly understood. Here, a comparative approach was taken to determine whether naturally evolved NIS proteins exhibit variability in their substrate transport properties. The NIS proteins of thirteen animal species were initially assessed, and three species from environments with differing iodide availability, freshwater species Danio rerio (zebrafish), saltwater species Balaenoptera acutorostrata scammoni (minke whale), and non-aquatic mammalian species Homo sapiens (human) were studied in detail. NIS genes from each of these species were lentivirally transduced into HeLa cells, which were then characterized using radioisotope uptake assays, 125I- competitive substrate uptake assays, and kinetic assays. Homology models of human, minke whale and zebrafish NIS were used to evaluate sequence-dependent impact on the organization of Na+ and I- binding pockets. Whereas each of the three proteins that were analyzed in detail concentrated iodide to a similar degree, their sensitivity to perchlorate inhibition varied significantly: minke whale NIS was the least impacted by perchlorate inhibition (IC50 = 4.599 μM), zebrafish NIS was highly sensitive (IC50 = 0.081 μM), and human NIS showed intermediate sensitivity (IC50 = 1.566 μM). Further studies with fifteen additional substrates and inhibitors revealed similar patterns of iodide uptake inhibition, though the degree of 125I- uptake inhibition varied with each compound. Kinetic analysis revealed whale NIS had the lowest Km-I and the highest Vmax-I. Conversely, zebrafish NIS had the highest Km and lowest Vmax. Again, human NIS was intermediate. Molecular modeling revealed a high degree of conservation in the putative ion binding pockets of NIS proteins from different species, which suggests the residues responsible for the observed differences in substrate selectivity lie elsewhere in the protein. Ongoing studies are focusing on residues in the extracellular loops of NIS as determinants of anion specificity. These data demonstrate significant transport differences between the NIS proteins of different species, which may be influenced by the unique physiological needs of each organism. Our results also identify naturally-existing NIS proteins with significant variability in substrate transport kinetics and inhibitor sensitivity, which suggest that the affinity and selectivity of NIS for certain substrates can be altered for biotechnological and clinical applications. Further examination of interspecies differences may improve understanding of the substrate transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C. Concilio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hristina R. Zhekova
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sergei Y. Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Murray JM, Bersuder P, Davis S, Losada S. Detecting illegal cyanide fishing: Establishing the evidence base for a reliable, post-collection test. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 150:110770. [PMID: 31910523 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ornamental fish have been legally harvested since the 1930's but in the 60's, cyanide fishing was first documented. Target fish exposed to the chemical are temporarily paralysed making them easier to catch, but with high post-capture mortality and significant ecological impacts, its use is banned in most exporting countries. To differentiate illegally caught fish from those sustainably collected, efforts to develop a post-collection detection test began nearly 30 years ago. However, even the most promising approach has been questioned by other researchers as unrepeatable under different experimental conditions. In this paper we summarise the evidence-base for establishing a cyanide detection test for live fish by evaluating current approaches. We describe the key knowledge gaps which continue to limit our progress in implementing a screening programme and highlight some alternative solutions which may provide greater short to medium term opportunities to prevent the illegal practise before fish enter the supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Murray
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Philippe Bersuder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Scott Davis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Sara Losada
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
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8
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Breen NE, Bonanno JA, Hunt S, Grossman J, Brown J, Nolte H, Rhyne AL. On the half-life of thiocyanate in the plasma of the marine fish Amphiprion ocellaris: implications for cyanide detection. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6644. [PMID: 30972248 PMCID: PMC6450372 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The illegal practice of using cyanide (CN) as a stunning agent to collect fish for both the marine aquarium and live fish food trades has been used throughout the Indo-Pacific for over 50 years. CN fishing is destructive to all life forms within the coral reef ecosystems where it is used and is certainly one of many anthropogenic activities that have led to 95% of the reefs in the Indo-Pacific being labeled at risk for degradation and loss. A field-deployable test for detecting fish caught using CN would assist in combating the use of this destructive practice, however, no reliable and robust test exists. Further, there is little toxicokinetic data available on marine fish to support the development of such a test, yet such data is critical to establishing the concentration range and time scale over which such a test would be viable. This study presents the first direct measurement of the half-life of the metabolite thiocyanate (SCN) after pulsed exposure to CN in a marine fish. SCN was measured in the plasma of Amphiprion ocellaris after exposure to 50 ppm CN for three exposure times (20, 45, and 60 s) using HPLC-UV and a C30 column pre-treated with polyethylene glycol. Plasma SCN levels observed are dose-dependent, reflecting a longer time for conversion of CN to SCN as the dose of CN increases. SCN plasma levels reached a maximum concentration (1.2–2.3 ppm) 12–20 h after exposure to CN. The half-life for the elimination of SCN was 1.01 ± 0.26 days for 45 s exposure and 0.44 ± 0.15 days for 20 s exposure. Fish were also directly exposed to SCN (100 ppm for 11 days) and the observed half-life for SCN elimination was 0.35 ± 0.07 days. Plasma SCN levels did not return to control levels, even after 41 days when exposed to CN but did return to control levels after 48 days when exposed to SCN. The similar half-lives observed for CN and SCN exposure suggests that SCN exposure can be used as a proxy for measuring the rate of SCN elimination following CN exposure. In order for plasma SCN to be used as a marker for CN exposure, these results must be extended to other species and endogenous levels of SCN in wild caught fish must be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Breen
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA
| | - J Alexander Bonanno
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA.,Department of Biology, Marine Biology, and Environmental Science, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA
| | - Julia Grossman
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology, and Environmental Science, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA
| | - Jordan Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA
| | - Hannah Nolte
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA.,Department of Biology, Marine Biology, and Environmental Science, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA
| | - Andrew L Rhyne
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology, and Environmental Science, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, USA
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9
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Abstract
Rates of thiocyanate degradation were measured in waters and sediments of marine and limnic systems under various redox conditions, oxic, anoxic (nonsulfidic, nonferruginous, nonmanganous), ferruginous, sulfidic, and manganous, for up to 200-day period at micromolar concentrations of thiocyanate. The decomposition rates in natural aquatic systems were found to be controlled by microbial processes under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The Michaelis-Menten model was applied for description of the decomposition kinetics. The decomposition rate in the sediments was found to be higher than in the water samples. Under oxic conditions, thiocyanate degradation was faster than under anaerobic conditions. In the presence of hydrogen sulfide, the decomposition rate increased compared to anoxic nonsulfidic conditions, whereas in the presence of iron(II) or manganese(II), the rate decreased. Depending on environmental conditions, half-lives of thiocyanate in sediments and water columns were in the ranges of hours to few dozens of days, and from days to years, respectively. Application of kinetic parameters presented in this research allows estimation of rates of thiocyanate cycling and its concentrations in the Archean ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kurashova
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
| | - Itay Halevy
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Alexey Kamyshny
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
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Findlay AJ, Kamyshny A. Turnover Rates of Intermediate Sulfur Species ( Sx2-, S 0, S 2O32-, S 4O62-, SO32-) in Anoxic Freshwater and Sediments. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2551. [PMID: 29312234 PMCID: PMC5743037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial reduction of sulfate to sulfide coupled to organic matter oxidation followed by the transformation of sulfide back to sulfate drives a dynamic sulfur cycle in a variety of environments. The oxidative part of the sulfur cycle in particular is difficult to constrain because the eight electron oxidation of sulfide to sulfate occurs stepwise via a suite of biological and chemical pathways and produces a wide variety of intermediates (S x 2 - , S0, S2O 3 2 - , S4O 6 2 - , and SO 3 2 - ), which may in turn be oxidized, reduced or disproportionated. Although the potential processes affecting these intermediates are well-known from microbial culture and geochemical studies, their significance and rates in the environment are not well constrained. In the study presented here, time-course concentration measurements of intermediate sulfur species were made in amended freshwater water column and sediment incubation experiments in order to constrain consumption rates and processes. In sediment incubations, consumption rates were S colloidal 0 > S x 2 - > SO 3 2 - ≈ S4O 6 2 - > S2O 3 2 - , which is consistent with previous measurements of SO 3 2 - , S4O 6 2 - , and S2O 3 2 - consumption rates in marine sediments. In water column incubations, however, the relative reactivity was S colloidal 0 > SO 3 2 - > S x 2 - > S2O 3 2 - > S4O 6 2 - . Consumption of thiosulfate, tetrathionate and sulfite was primarily biological, whereas it was not possible to distinguish between abiotic and biological polysulfide consumption in either aqueous or sediment incubations. S colloidal 0 consumption in water column experiments was biologically mediated, however, rapid sedimentary consumption was likely due to reactions with iron minerals. These experiments provide important constraints on the biogeochemical reactivity of intermediate sulfur species and give further insight into the diversity of biological and geochemical processes that comprise (cryptic) environmental sulfur cycling.
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Gumiela M. Cyclotron production of 99mTc: Comparison of known separation technologies for isolation of 99mTc from molybdenum targets. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 58:33-41. [PMID: 29331921 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intensive efforts were undertaken during the last few decades for the separation of cyclotron-produced 99mTc from 99Mo and new papers have been published on this topic since the last review [1]. In the future the cyclotron-based methods can replace reactor-based technology in producing this medical radioisotope and the nuclear reaction 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc appears to be the most worthwhile approach. New ways of producing of 99mTc require efficient separation methods. Several strategies for separation of 99mTc from 99Mo have been already developed. The advantages, disadvantages and technical challenges toward application potential of investigated methods to separate 99mTc from irradiated 100Mo target are discussed. These methods include column chromatography, solvent extraction, chemical precipitation and thermochromatography.
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Vaz MCM, Esteves VI, Calado R. Live reef fish displaying physiological evidence of cyanide poisoning are still traded in the EU marine aquarium industry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6566. [PMID: 28747697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The illegal use of cyanide poisoning to supply live reef fish to several markets is one of the main threats to coral reefs conservation in the Indo-Pacific. The present study performed the first survey ever monitoring the marine aquarium trade in the EU for the presence of physiological evidence consistent with cyanide poisoning in live reef fish. This survey was also the first one worldwide employing a non-invasive sampling approach. Nearly 15% of the fish screened displayed physiological evidence of being illegally collected using cyanide poisoning (by testing positive for the presence of the thiocyanate anion (SCN−) in their urine). The efforts promoted so far to completely eradicate cyanide caught fish from the marine aquarium trade have not been effective, as our results suggest that their prevalence in the trade is in line with data reported nearly two decades ago. A new paradigm is urgently needed to effectively ban cyanide caught fish from the marine aquarium trade.
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Blonder B, Boyko V, Turchyn AV, Antler G, Sinichkin U, Knossow N, Klein R, Kamyshny A. Impact of Aeolian Dry Deposition of Reactive Iron Minerals on Sulfur Cycling in Sediments of the Gulf of Aqaba. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1131. [PMID: 28676799 PMCID: PMC5476737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gulf of Aqaba is an oligotrophic marine system with oxygen-rich water column and organic carbon-poor sediments (≤0.6% at sites that are not influenced by anthropogenic impact). Aeolian dust deposition from the Arabian, Sinai, and Sahara Deserts is an important source of sediment, especially at the deep-water sites of the Gulf, which are less affected by sediment transport from the Arava Desert during seasonal flash floods. Microbial sulfate reduction in sediments is inferred from the presence of pyrite (although at relatively low concentrations), the presence of sulfide oxidation intermediates, and by the sulfur isotopic composition of sulfate and solid-phase sulfides. Saharan dust is characterized by high amounts of iron minerals such as hematite and goethite. We demonstrated, that the resulting high sedimentary content of reactive iron(III) (hydr)oxides, originating from this aeolian dry deposition of desert dust, leads to fast re-oxidation of hydrogen sulfide produced during microbial sulfate reduction and limits preservation of reduced sulfur in the form of pyrite. We conclude that at these sites the sedimentary sulfur cycle may be defined as cryptic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Blonder
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Valeria Boyko
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra V Turchyn
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gilad Antler
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Uriel Sinichkin
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Knossow
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rotem Klein
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexey Kamyshny
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki TAKAYAMA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Lee Wah LIM
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Toyohide TAKEUCHI
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
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15
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Andersson JD, Wilson JS, Romaniuk JA, McEwan AJB, Abrams DN, McQuarrie SA, Gagnon K. Separation of [(99m)Tc]pertechnetate and molybdate using polyethylene glycol coated C18 and C30 resins. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 110:193-199. [PMID: 26829618 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic adsorbents such as C18 and C30 were coated with PEG and subsequently used for the separation of Mo/Tc. The most effective resin for adsorbing PEG was the C18-U resin, which demonstrated a coating capacity of 97.6±2.8mg PEG per g of resin. The ability to adsorb pertechnetate was proportional to the amount of PEG coated on the hydrophobic resin. The [(99m)Tc]pertechnetate recovery during the separation of cyclotron produced (99m)Tc from (100)Mo was 91.8±0.3% (n=2). The resultant product met relevant USP monograph specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Andersson
- University of Alberta, Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - J S Wilson
- Edmonton PET Centre, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J A Romaniuk
- University of Alberta, Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A J B McEwan
- Edmonton PET Centre, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D N Abrams
- University of Alberta, Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S A McQuarrie
- University of Alberta, Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K Gagnon
- University of Alberta, Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Easow JS, Gnanaprakasam P, Selvaraju T. Synergistic effect of bimetallic Ag@Cu nanorods modified electrode for enhanced electrochemical sensing of thiocyanate ions. Res Chem Intermed 2016; 42:2539-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Knossow N, Blonder B, Eckert W, Turchyn AV, Antler G, Kamyshny A. Annual sulfur cycle in a warm monomictic lake with sub-millimolar sulfate concentrations. Geochem Trans 2015; 16:7. [PMID: 26140024 PMCID: PMC4488043 DOI: 10.1186/s12932-015-0021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the annual variability of the concentration and isotopic composition of main sulfur species and sulfide oxidation intermediates in the water column of monomictic fresh-water Lake Kinneret. Sulfate concentrations in the lake are <1 mM and similar to concentrations that are proposed to have existed in the Paleoproterozoic ocean. The main goal of this research was to explore biogeochemical constrains of sulfur cycling in the modern low-sulfate fresh-water lake and to identify which processes may be responsible for the isotopic composition of sulfur species in the Precambrian sedimentary rocks. RESULTS At the deepest point of the lake, the sulfate inventory decreases by more than 20% between March and December due to microbial sulfate reduction leading to the buildup of hydrogen sulfide. During the initial stages of stratification, sulfur isotope fractionation between sulfate and hydrogen sulfide is low (11.6 ‰) and sulfur oxyanions (e.g. thiosulfate and sulfite) are the main products of the incomplete oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. During the stratification and at the beginning of the lake mixing (July-December), the inventory of hydrogen sulfide as well as of sulfide oxidation intermediates in the water column increases and is accompanied by an increase in sulfur isotope fractionation to 30 ± 4 ‰ in October. During the period of erosion of the chemocline, zero-valent sulfur prevails over sulfur oxyanions. In the terminal period of the mixing of the water column (January), the concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreases, the inventory of sulfide oxidation intermediates increases, and sulfur isotope fractionation decreases to 20 ± 2 ‰. CONCLUSIONS Sulfide oxidation intermediates are present in the water column of Lake Kinneret at all stages of stratification with significant increase during the mixing of the water column. Hydrogen sulfide inventory in the water column increases from March to December, and sharply decreases during the lake mixis in January. Sulfur isotope fractionation between sulfate and hydrogen sulfide as well as concentrations of sulfide oxidation intermediates can be explained either by microbial sulfate reduction alone or by microbial sulfate reduction combined with microbial disproportionation of sulfide oxidation intermediates. Our study of sulfur cycle in Lake Kinneret may be useful for understanding the range of biogeochemical processes in low sulfate oceans over Earth history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Knossow
- />Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Barak Blonder
- />Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Werner Eckert
- />Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd., Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, P.O. Box 447, Migdal, 14950 Israel
| | - Alexandra V Turchyn
- />Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - Gilad Antler
- />Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - Alexey Kamyshny
- />Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Wah LIM
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
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Linda R, Lim LW, Takeuchi T. Poly(ethylene oxide)-bonded stationary phase for separation of inorganic anions in capillary ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1294:117-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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RONG L, LIM LW, TAKEUCHI T. Determination of Iodide in Seawater by Capillary Ion Chromatography Using Hexadimethrine Bromide Modified C30 Stationary Phases. ANAL SCI 2013; 29:31-4. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.29.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li RONG
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Xihua University
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Lee Wah LIM
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
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Ito K, Nomura R, Fujii T, Tanaka M, Tsumura T, Shibata H, Hirokawa T. Determination of nitrite, nitrate, bromide, and iodide in seawater by ion chromatography with UV detection using dilauryldimethylammonium-coated monolithic ODS columns and sodium chloride as an eluent. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2513-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Wah LIM
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Li RONG
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Xihua University
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Takeuchi T, Jiang B, Lim LW. Separation of inorganic anions on hydrophobic stationary phases in ion chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:551-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Silva LIB, Justino CIL, Lopes I, Pereira R, Freitas AC, Calado R, Rocha-Santos TAP, Panteleitchouk TSL, Pereira ME, Duarte AC. Optical fiber based methodology for assessment of thiocyanate in seawater. J Environ Monit 2011; 13:1811-5. [PMID: 21494749 DOI: 10.1039/c1em10043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology for the assessment of thiocyanate (SCN(-)) is proposed based on optical fiber (OF) detection coupled to a liquid chromatography system (LC). The developed methodology showed an adequate performance for the analysis of SCN(-) comparable to a high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLC-UV) methodology: a detection limit of 3 µg L(-1), a linear range from 4 to 400 µg L(-1), and an analytical time of less than 6 min. The OF based methodology was of compact design and easy operation. This simple system has the potential to be used as a sensing approach for SCN(-) in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdes I B Silva
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Takeuchi T, Oktavia B, Lim LW. Poly(ethylene oxide)-bonded stationary phase for capillary ion chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 393:1267-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Revised: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jiang X, Lim LW, Takeuchi T. Determination of trace inorganic anions in seawater samples by ion chromatography using silica columns modified with cetyltrimethylammonium ion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 393:387-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jiang XL, Rong L, Suzuki A, Kobayashi M, Lim LW, Takeuchi T. Development of Novel Stationary Phases for Ion Chromatographic Determination of Trace Inorganic Anions in Seawater. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2008. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.57.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Li Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | | | - Lee Wah Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
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Yang P, Wei W, Tao C. Determination of trace thiocyanate with nano-silver coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 585:331-6. [PMID: 17386682 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel nano-silver coated multi-walled carbon nanotube composites were prepared and used to fabricate a modified electrode. The application of the nano-silver coated multi-walled carbon nanotube composites modified electrode for determination of trace thiocyanate is demonstrated for the first time. The influence of substrate, pH and interference of coexisting substances was investigated for response properties of the electrode. There was a linear relationship at the range 2.5 x 10(-9) to 5 x 10(-8) mol L(-1) and 5 x 10(-8) to 1 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) of thiocyanate with the decrement of anodic DPV peak currents. The limit of detection was 1 x 10(-9) mol L(-1)(S/N=3). The constructed electrode showed excellent reproducibility and stability. Actual urine and saliva samples of smoker and non-smoker were analyzed and satisfactory results were obtained. This method provides a new way to construct any electrode for biological and environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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SUZUKI A, LIM L, HIROI T, TAKEUCHI T. Rapid determination of bromide in seawater samples by capillary ion chromatography using monolithic silica columns modified with cetyltrimethylammonium ion. Talanta 2006; 70:190-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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