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Licata F, Eusebio Bergò P, Edmonds D, Andreone F, Rosa GM. Spatial Ecology of an Arboreal Iguana ( Oplurus cyclurus) in a Treeless Landscape. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3198. [PMID: 37893922 PMCID: PMC10603757 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the spatial ecology of species has important implications for conservation, as it helps identify suitable habitats and minimum requirements for biodiversity monitoring and management. The spiny-tailed lizard Oplurus cyclurus is a widespread endemic iguanid occurring in dry areas of southern and western Madagascar. While the species is known to be mostly arboreal, populations of the Isalo sandstone massif suggest local adaptation to a less forested savannah and a more exposed habitat. We radio-tracked 19 spiny-tailed lizards to investigate the species' rock-dwelling behaviour and spatial ecology at Isalo National Park. Tracked individuals showed high site and burrow fidelity, and a basking behaviour mostly tied to the accessibility of their burrow, the time of day, and their life stage. Activity peaked during the sunniest hours, while juveniles were more active than adults with unfavourable weather conditions. Despite high burrow fidelity, lizards used shelters non-exclusively, regularly changing (approx. once a week) with neighbouring burrows (average distance between burrows = 13.6 m). However, there was no obvious relation between lizards' body and/or tail size and the width and depth of selected burrows. Dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models estimated frequented areas over 247.8 m2 (95% isopleth), where territorial overlap is common. Our results challenge the notion that burrow-site fidelity is the sole driving factor behind space utilization in the studied population. We argue that the apparently unusual saxicolous habits imposed by habitat features (the absence of trees) may lead to local behavioural adjustments influencing antipredatory and foraging strategies, as well as intraspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Licata
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Biopolis Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Devin Edmonds
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Franco Andreone
- Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, 10123 Torino, Italy (F.A.)
| | - Gonçalo M. Rosa
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Oninjatovo Radonirina H, Randriamahatantsoa B, Rabibisoa NHC. Population Status and Vulnerability of Mantidactylus pauliani from Ankaratra Protected Area, Madagascar. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2706. [PMID: 37684970 PMCID: PMC10486469 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mountain summits in Madagascar generally have species with specific habitat requirements, providing a home to a unique and locally endemic herpetofauna. Among them is M. pauliani, a typically aquatic and critically endangered amphibian found on the Ankaratra Massif. This species inhabits high elevations with a limited distribution range. Our study aimed to present new data on the distribution and elevational range, habitat use, and threats to M. pauliani and its occurrence according to habitat changes. To achieve this, annual monitoring was carried out from 2018 to 2021. Nine 100 m transects were established along streams at elevations ranging from 1762 to 2378 m a.s.l. along which we conducted visual encounter surveys. Data analysis was performed using a χ2 test and Factor Correspondence Analysis. We found that M. pauliani occupies elevations between 1900 and 2378 m a.s.l. within humid forests and savannah habitats. The results showed a fluctuation in the number of animals observed and a higher occurrence at higher elevations throughout the years according to the season, stream quality, and water volume. Ongoing habitat alteration makes M. pauliani vulnerable to population decline, with annual bushfires likely having a negative impact on habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Randriamahatantsoa
- Environmental and Life Science, Faculty of Sciences Technology and Environment, University of Mahajanga, University Campus of Ambondrona, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar;
| | - Nirhy H. C. Rabibisoa
- Doctoral School of Natural Ecosystem, University of Mahajanga, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar
- Environmental and Life Science, Faculty of Sciences Technology and Environment, University of Mahajanga, University Campus of Ambondrona, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar;
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Carpenter AI, Andreone F. Malagasy Amphibian Wildlife Trade Revisited: Improving Management Knowledge of the Trade. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2324. [PMID: 37508102 PMCID: PMC10376014 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot with a long history of trading in its wildlife, especially its hyper-diverse amphibian taxa. Due to globally raised concerns over the conservation of harvested species, CITES was introduced as a global mechanism with which to monitor and regulate the trade. Utilising data collated from the CITES Trade database, this study sought to investigate the trade and CITES' effectiveness in managing the trade with respect to Madagascar. Over a 28-year period, 20 known amphibian species were exported from Madagascar, constituting a total of nearly 271,000 individuals. Formal descriptions of Malagasy amphibian species have increased and continue to increase greatly over time. However, there was no longitudinal relationship regarding the numbers of individuals traded as new species were described. Overall, the number of individuals traded has declined over time, but where assessments were provided by the IUCN Redlist, population declines were reported in all but one species of Malagasy amphibian. Mantella (97.5%) continues to be the predominantly traded genus, with certain, high-conservation-concern, species continuing to be traded. Despite initial concerns over the effectiveness of CITES's actions, after concerted efforts, it appears that CITES' actions were having positive impacts on regulating the trade. However, going forward, concerns remain over the appropriateness of the quotas set and the robustness of their underpinning NDFs. Furthermore, with the increase in the number of recognised species, the potential for incorrect species labelling on the CITES permits increases and requires greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus I Carpenter
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Cumbria, Ambleside Campus, Rydal Road, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 9BB, UK
| | - Franco Andreone
- Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti, 36, I-10123 Torino, Italy
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Barata IM, Razafindraibe JH, Ravelojaona RN, Ralovarisoa E, Mullin KE, Hudson MA, Dawson J. First population estimates of two Critically Endangered frogs from an isolated forest plateau in Madagascar. ORYX. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605321001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the largely deforested areas of Madagascar, small forest fragments remain as last refuges for amphibian diversity. Isolated populations of the Critically Endangered Anodonthyla vallani and Anilany helenae persist in the fragmented forest of Ambohitantely but little information is available to inform their management and any conservation interventions. We generated estimates of population size and occupancy for both species in the largest fragment of Ambohitantely Special Reserve using acoustic survey data collected from 84 sites along 12 transects in December 2018. We used a single-season occupancy model to estimate detection and occupancy and a Royal–Nichols model to estimate abundance and population size. Anilany helenae and A. vallani had high occupancy rates (80 and 93%, respectively) whereas their detection rates differed (34 and 55%, respectively). Abundance and occupancy were best explained by vegetation structure whereas detection was influenced by time of survey and rainfall. For our sampled sites the estimated population sizes of males were 855 for A. vallani, with an estimated density of 52 individuals/ha, and 388 for A. helenae, with an estimated population density of 23 individuals/ha. Given their relatively low densities, small population sizes and restricted ranges, any further habitat loss could have drastic consequences for these populations. Our results provide guidance for future species-focused studies, and can inform conservation management at the local scale. Our work will help to improve species monitoring in Madagascar and elsewhere, especially for range-restricted non-charismatic amphibians.
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Mezzasalma M, Andreone F, Odierna G, Guarino FM, Crottini A. Comparative cytogenetics on eight Malagasy Mantellinae (Anura, Mantellidae) and a synthesis of the karyological data on the subfamily. Comp Cytogenet 2022; 16:1-17. [PMID: 35211250 PMCID: PMC8857137 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i1.76260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We performed a molecular and cytogenetic analysis on different Mantellinae species and revised the available chromosomal data on this group to provide an updated assessment of its karyological diversity and evolution. Using a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, we performed a molecular taxonomic identification of the samples that were used for cytogenetic analyses. A comparative cytogenetic analysis, with Giemsa's staining, Ag-NOR staining and sequential C-banding + Giemsa + CMA + DAPI was performed on eight species: Gephyromantis sp. Ca19, G.striatus (Vences, Glaw, Andreone, Jesu et Schimmenti, 2002), Mantidactylus (Chonomantis) sp. Ca11, M. (Brygoomantis) alutus (Peracca, 1893), M. (Hylobatrachus) cowanii (Boulenger, 1882), Spinomantispropeaglavei "North" (Methuen et Hewitt, 1913), S.phantasticus (Glaw et Vences, 1997) and S. sp. Ca3. Gephyromantisstriatus, M. (Brygoomantis) alutus and Spinomantispropeaglavei "North" have a karyotype of 2n = 24 chromosomes while the other species show 2n = 26 chromosomes. Among the analysed species we detected differences in the number and position of telocentric elements, location of NOR loci (alternatively on the 6th, 7th or 10th pair) and in the distribution of heterochromatin, which shows species-specific patterns. Merging our data with those previously available, we propose a karyotype of 2n = 26 with all biarmed elements and loci of NORs on the 6th chromosome pair as the ancestral state in the whole family Mantellidae. From this putative ancestral condition, a reduction of chromosome number through similar tandem fusions (from 2n = 26 to 2n = 24) occurred independently in Mantidactylus Boulenger, 1895 (subgenus Brygoomantis Dubois, 1992), Spinomantis Dubois, 1992 and Gephyromantis Methuen, 1920. Similarly, a relocation of NORs, from the putative primitive configuration on the 6th chromosome, occurred independently in Gephyromantis, Blommersia Dubois, 1992, Guibemantis Dubois, 1992, Mantella Boulenger, 1882 and Spinomantis. Chromosome inversions of primitive biarmed elements likely generated a variable number of telocentric elements in Mantellanigricans Guibé, 1978 and a different number of taxa of Gephyromantis (subgenera Duboimantis Glaw et Vences, 2006 and Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980) and Mantidactylus (subgenera Brygoomantis, Chonomantis Glaw et Vences, 1994, Hylobatrachus Laurent, 1943 and Ochthomantis Glaw et Vences, 1994).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Mezzasalma
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, No 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Franco Andreone
- Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti 36, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Odierna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Guarino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, No 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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Landman W, Verneau O, Raharivololoniaina L, du Preez L. First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2021; 14:161-178. [PMID: 33898217 PMCID: PMC8056147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although Madagascar has more than 350 frog species of which all but two are endemic to the island, the known polystome (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) diversity parasitizing Malagasy frogs is low, encompassing five species of Madapolystoma, one species of Kankana and one Metapolystoma. Investigating the parasite diversity of frog parasites at selected Malagasy localities led to the discovery of undescribed polystomes. Five treefrogs, Boophis albilabris, Boophis doulioti, Boophis luteus, Boophis madagascariensis and Boophis occidentalis were found to be infected and are reported here as hosts for new Metapolystoma species. Morphological investigation, combining examination of body length, haptor length, genital bulb width, genital crown diameter, genital spine number, genital spine length, ovary length, egg length, hamulus length, hamulus guard length and hamulus hook length, revealed five distinct morphotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic divergences obtained for three of the five morphotypes, support the distinction of new species. Metapolystoma ansuanum n. sp. is described from B. luteus, Metapolystoma falcatum n. sp. from B. doulioti, Metapolystoma multiova n. sp. from B. occidentalis, Metapolystoma theroni n. sp. from B. madagascareniensis and Metapolystoma vencesi n. sp. from B. albilabris. Finally, although the validity of Metapolystoma as taxon is not fully resolved yet, the phylogenetic position of the described species and their morphology provide clear evidence for new metapolystome taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Landman
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Olivier Verneau
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,University of Perpignan Via Domitia Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Louis du Preez
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
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Ward M, Saura S, Williams B, Ramírez-Delgado JP, Arafeh-Dalmau N, Allan JR, Venter O, Dubois G, Watson JEM. Just ten percent of the global terrestrial protected area network is structurally connected via intact land. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4563. [PMID: 32917882 PMCID: PMC7486388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Land free of direct anthropogenic disturbance is considered essential for achieving biodiversity conservation outcomes but is rapidly eroding. In response, many nations are increasing their protected area (PA) estates, but little consideration is given to the context of the surrounding landscape. This is despite the fact that structural connectivity between PAs is critical in a changing climate and mandated by international conservation targets. Using a high-resolution assessment of human pressure, we show that while ~40% of the terrestrial planet is intact, only 9.7% of Earth's terrestrial protected network can be considered structurally connected. On average, 11% of each country or territory's PA estate can be considered connected. As the global community commits to bolder action on abating biodiversity loss, placement of future PAs will be critical, as will an increased focus on landscape-scale habitat retention and restoration efforts to ensure those important areas set aside for conservation outcomes will remain (or become) connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ward
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Santiago Saura
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
- ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brooke Williams
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez-Delgado
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Nur Arafeh-Dalmau
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - James R Allan
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Venter
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Grégoire Dubois
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, Bronx, NY, 20460, USA
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Edmonds D, Kessler E, Bolte L. How common is common? Rapidly assessing population size and structure of the frog Mantidactylus betsileanus
at a site in east-central Madagascar. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin Edmonds
- Association Mitsinjo; Andasibe Madagascar
- Illinois Natural History Survey; Prairie Research Institute; University of Illinois; 1816 South Oak Street Champaign Illinois 61820 USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Ethan Kessler
- Illinois Natural History Survey; Prairie Research Institute; University of Illinois; 1816 South Oak Street Champaign Illinois 61820 USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Leonard Bolte
- Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
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Rasambainarivo F, Goodman SM. Disease Risk to Endemic Animals From Introduced Species on Madagascar. Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Volume 9 2019. [PMCID: PMC7173427 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-55228-8.00043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Landman W, Verneau O, Du Preez L. First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2018; 7:343-54. [PMID: 30258781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two frog species, Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata, are reported as hosts for new species of Madapolystoma. Phylogenetic analyses and genetic divergences observed in the genus supported the distinction of two morphotypes infesting selectively each host species and morphological investigation combining marginal hooklet morphometrics, genital spine number and measurements further showed that polystomes from the two host species differed from each other and from all other known polystomes. Madapolystoma magnahami n. sp. and Madapolystoma isaloensis n. sp. are therefore described as two new species. Advanced in utero development was illustrated in both polystome species following the observation of well developed hamuli and two pairs of haptoral suckers in developing embryos. Inside some of these in utero embryos a F2 generation embryo was also observed. This is the first report of true viviparity among polystomatid flatworms. Two new species of polystomes (Monogenetic flatworms) from Madagascar. First indication of true viviparity among the Polystomatidae. Unique life cycle with advanced degree of parental care.
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Birnie-Gauvin K, Walton S, Palme CAD, Manouchehri BA, Venne S, Lennox RJ, Chapman JM, Bennett JR, Cooke SJ. Conservation physiology can inform threat assessment and recovery planning processes for threatened species. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Claunch N, Augustine L. Morphological Description of Spindly Leg Syndrome in Golden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5818/1529-9651-25.3.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Claunch
- Smithsonian National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Lauren Augustine
- Smithsonian National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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Heinermann J, Rodríguez A, Segev O, Edmonds D, Dolch R, Vences M. Year-round activity patterns in a hyperdiverse community of rainforest amphibians in Madagascar. J NAT HIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1009513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Bletz MC, Rosa GM, Andreone F, Courtois EA, Schmeller DS, Rabibisoa NHC, Rabemananjara FCE, Raharivololoniaina L, Vences M, Weldon C, Edmonds D, Raxworthy CJ, Harris RN, Fisher MC, Crottini A. Widespread presence of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild amphibian communities in Madagascar. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8633. [PMID: 25719857 PMCID: PMC4341422 DOI: 10.1038/srep08633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been a significant driver of amphibian declines. While globally widespread, Bd had not yet been reported from within Madagascar. We document surveys conducted across the country between 2005 and 2014, showing Bd's first record in 2010. Subsequently, Bd was detected in multiple areas, with prevalence reaching up to 100%. Detection of Bd appears to be associated with mid to high elevation sites and to have a seasonal pattern, with greater detectability during the dry season. Lineage-based PCR was performed on a subset of samples. While some did not amplify with any lineage probe, when a positive signal was observed, samples were most similar to the Global Panzootic Lineage (BdGPL). These results may suggest that Bd arrived recently, but do not exclude the existence of a previously undetected endemic Bd genotype. Representatives of all native anuran families have tested Bd-positive, and exposure trials confirm infection by Bd is possible. Bd's presence could pose significant threats to Madagascar's unique "megadiverse" amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Bletz
- 1] Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA [2] Technische Universität Braunschweig, Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gonçalo M Rosa
- 1] Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK [2] Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK [3] Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco 2, Piso 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Franco Andreone
- 1] Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti, 36, I-10123, Torino, Italy [2] IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group-Madagascar, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Elodie A Courtois
- 1] CNRS-Guyane, USR 3456, 2 avenue Gustave Charlery, 97300 Cayenne, Guyane Française [2] Station d'écologie expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis, USR 2936, 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Dirk S Schmeller
- 1] UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Conservation Biology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany [2] EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), CNRS/Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Nirhy H C Rabibisoa
- 1] IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group-Madagascar, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar [2] Département de Biologie Animale et Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, University of Mahajanga, Ambondrona, B.P. 652, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar
| | - Falitiana C E Rabemananjara
- 1] IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group-Madagascar, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar [2] University of Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Miguel Vences
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ché Weldon
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Devin Edmonds
- Association Mitsinjo, Lot 104 A Andasibe Gare, Andasibe 514, Madagascar
| | - Christopher J Raxworthy
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St. New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Reid N Harris
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Matthew C Fisher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
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Jenkins RKB, Tognelli MF, Bowles P, Cox N, Brown JL, Chan L, Andreone F, Andriamazava A, Andriantsimanarilafy RR, Anjeriniaina M, Bora P, Brady LD, Hantalalaina EF, Glaw F, Griffiths RA, Hilton-Taylor C, Hoffmann M, Katariya V, Rabibisoa NH, Rafanomezantsoa J, Rakotomalala D, Rakotondravony H, Rakotondrazafy NA, Ralambonirainy J, Ramanamanjato JB, Randriamahazo H, Randrianantoandro JC, Randrianasolo HH, Randrianirina JE, Randrianizahana H, Raselimanana AP, Rasolohery A, Ratsoavina FM, Raxworthy CJ, Robsomanitrandrasana E, Rollande F, van Dijk PP, Yoder AD, Vences M. Extinction risks and the conservation of Madagascar's reptiles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100173. [PMID: 25111137 PMCID: PMC4128600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An understanding of the conservation status of Madagascar's endemic reptile species is needed to underpin conservation planning and priority setting in this global biodiversity hotspot, and to complement existing information on the island's mammals, birds and amphibians. We report here on the first systematic assessment of the extinction risk of endemic and native non-marine Malagasy snakes, lizards, turtles and tortoises. Methodology/Principal Findings Species range maps from The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species were analysed to determine patterns in the distribution of threatened reptile species. These data, in addition to information on threats, were used to identify priority areas and actions for conservation. Thirty-nine percent of the data-sufficient Malagasy reptiles in our analyses are threatened with extinction. Areas in the north, west and south-east were identified as having more threatened species than expected and are therefore conservation priorities. Habitat degradation caused by wood harvesting and non-timber crops was the most pervasive threat. The direct removal of reptiles for international trade and human consumption threatened relatively few species, but were the primary threats for tortoises. Nine threatened reptile species are endemic to recently created protected areas. Conclusions/Significance With a few alarming exceptions, the threatened endemic reptiles of Madagascar occur within the national network of protected areas, including some taxa that are only found in new protected areas. Threats to these species, however, operate inside and outside protected area boundaries. This analysis has identified priority sites for reptile conservation and completes the conservation assessment of terrestrial vertebrates in Madagascar which will facilitate conservation planning, monitoring and wise-decision making. In sharp contrast with the amphibians, there is significant reptile diversity and regional endemism in the southern and western regions of Madagascar and this study highlights the importance of these arid regions to conserving the island's biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo F. Tognelli
- IUCN/CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Betty & Gordon Moore Center for Science & Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
- IUCN Global Species Programme, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Philip Bowles
- IUCN/CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Betty & Gordon Moore Center for Science & Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
- IUCN Global Species Programme, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Neil Cox
- IUCN/CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Betty & Gordon Moore Center for Science & Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
- IUCN Global Species Programme, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Jason L. Brown
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren Chan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- W. M. Keck Science Department of Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | | | - Alain Andriamazava
- Ligue pour la Protection de la Nature à Madagascar, Lot 313 Cité Civil Ambohipo, Antaninarenina, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Mirana Anjeriniaina
- WWF Madagascar and West Indian Ocean Programme Office, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Parfait Bora
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Lee D. Brady
- Calumma Ecological Services, Dunkirk, Faversham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Elisoa F. Hantalalaina
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Frank Glaw
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, Germany
| | - Richard A. Griffiths
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Hoffmann
- IUCN/CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Betty & Gordon Moore Center for Science & Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nirhy H. Rabibisoa
- Département de Zoologie et Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences Campus Ambondrona, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Jeannot Rafanomezantsoa
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Hery Rakotondravony
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Ny A. Rakotondrazafy
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanomezana M. Ratsoavina
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Raxworthy
- Herpetology Department, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Finoana Rollande
- Conservation International, Villa Hajanirina, Ankorahotra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Peter P. van Dijk
- IUCN/CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Betty & Gordon Moore Center for Science & Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Anne D. Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Miguel Vences
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
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Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Manconi R. A new and aberrant species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Madagascar. Zookeys 2014:71-88. [PMID: 25147450 PMCID: PMC4137307 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.425.7811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we report a new species of Dugesia of the family Dugesiidae from Madagascar, representing the fourth species of freshwater planarian known from this global biodiversity hotspot. In some respects the new species is aberrant, when compared with its congeners, being characterized by a head with smoothly rounded auricles, a peculiar course of the oviducts, including the presence of a common posterior extension, and by the asymmetrical openings of the vasa deferentia at about halfway along the seminal vesicle. Further, it is characterized by a ventral course of the ejaculatory duct with a terminal opening, very long spermiducal vesicles and unstalked cocoons. Its diploid chromosome complement with 18 chromosomes represents an uncommon feature among fissiparous species of Dugesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinta Angela Stocchino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Via Muroni 25, University of Sassari, I-07100, Italy
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Via Muroni 25, University of Sassari, I-07100, Italy
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Carpenter AI, Andreone F, Moore RD, Griffiths RA. A review of the international trade in amphibians: the types, levels and dynamics of trade in CITES-listed species. ORYX 2014; 48:565-74. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605312001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGlobally, amphibians face many potential threats, including international trade. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the types, levels and dynamics of the amphibian trade at the global scale. This study reviewed the trade in CITES-listed species between 1976 and 2007. Four main trade groups (eggs, skins, meat and individuals) were identified. Trade in amphibian leather focused on Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (5,572 individuals), whereas trade in eggs focused on Ambystoma mexicanum (6,027 eggs). However, for the entire study period (1976–2007), trade in skins and eggs was small compared with trade in meat and live animals. The meat trade was estimated to be worth > USD 111 million, whereas the trade in live animals was estimated to be worth > USD 11.5 million in only three of the genera involved. Trade dynamics have changed as a result of changes in legislation, such as a ban on H. tigerinus exports from Bangladesh for meat. Within the live trade 22 species categorized as either Critically Endangered or Endangered were traded during the study period, and these require greater attention. International trade and potential conservation benefits are affected by countries supplying captive-bred individuals to their domestic markets as this trade goes unrecorded. However, this study only investigated trade in species listed by CITES, and other species may comprise a significant additional component of international trade. The trade in amphibians is dynamic, and changes in both the types of trade and the species concerned were identified over the study period. Conservation concerns have multiplied from issues concerning population depletions to include indirect impacts associated with disease, predation and competition, which requires a reappraisal of data capture and reporting.
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18
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Kolby JE. Presence of the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in native amphibians exported from Madagascar. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89660. [PMID: 24599336 PMCID: PMC3943771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis is driven by the spread of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd), a highly virulent pathogen threatening global amphibian biodiversity. Although pandemic in distribution, previous intensive field surveys have failed to detect Bd in Madagascar, a biodiversity hotspot home to hundreds of endemic amphibian species. Due to the presence of Bd in nearby continental Africa and the ecological crisis that can be expected following establishment in Madagascar, enhanced surveillance is imperative. I sampled 565 amphibians commercially exported from Madagascar for the presence of Bd upon importation to the USA, both to assist early detection efforts and demonstrate the conservation potential of wildlife trade disease surveillance. Bd was detected in three animals via quantitative PCR: a single Heterixalus alboguttatus, Heterixalus betsileo, and Scaphiophryne spinosa. This is the first time Bd has been confirmed in amphibians from Madagascar and presents an urgent call to action. Our early identification of pathogen presence prior to widespread infection provides the necessary tools and encouragement to catalyze a swift, targeted response to isolate and eradicate Bd from Madagascar. If implemented before establishment occurs, an otherwise likely catastrophic decline in amphibian biodiversity may be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Kolby
- One Health Research Group, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine, and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kuzmin Y, Junker K, du Preez L, Bain O. A new species of Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905 (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Blommersia domerguei (Guibé) (Amphibia: Mantellidae) in Madagascar. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2014; 60:469-74. [PMID: 24471289 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2013.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdias blommersiae sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) is described from the lungs of Domergue's Madagascar frog, Blommersia domerguei (Guibé) (Amphibia: Mantellidae), in Madagascar. The new species differs from congeners parasitizing amphibians in having a smaller body and buccal capsule, six equal lips, large excretory glands of unequal length and a posteriorly inflated body vesicle. A combination of characters distinguishes it from Afromalagasy species of Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905. Rhabdias blommersiae is the third species of the genus described from amphibians in Madagascar. Close similarities in the number and shape of circumoral structures in two Rhabdias species described from mantellid hosts in Madagascar suggest a close relationship and common origin of the two species, with subsequent adaptation to separate hosts within the Mantellidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Kuzmin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Zoology, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Kerstin Junker
- ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Louis du Preez
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Odile Bain
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Parasitologie comparée, Paris, France
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20
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Evans SE, Groenke JR, Jones MEH, Turner AH, Krause DW. New material of Beelzebufo, a hyperossified frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the late cretaceous of Madagascar. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87236. [PMID: 24489877 PMCID: PMC3905036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The extant anuran fauna of Madagascar is exceptionally rich and almost completely endemic. In recent years, many new species have been described and understanding of the history and relationships of this fauna has been greatly advanced by molecular studies, but very little is known of the fossil history of frogs on the island. Beelzebufo ampinga, the first named pre-Holocene frog from Madagascar, was described in 2008 on the basis of numerous disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation of Madagascar. These specimens documented the presence of a hyperossified taxon that differed strikingly from extant Malagasy frogs in its large size and heavy coarse cranial exostosis. Here we describe and analyse new, articulated, and more complete material of the skull, vertebral column, and hind limb, as well as additional isolated elements discovered since 2008. μCT scans allow a detailed understanding of both internal and external morphology and permit a more accurate reconstruction. The new material shows Beelzebufo to have been even more bizarre than originally interpreted, with large posterolateral skull flanges and sculptured vertebral spine tables. The apparent absence of a tympanic membrane, the strong cranial exostosis, and vertebral morphology suggest it may have burrowed during seasonally arid conditions, which have been interpreted for the Maevarano Formation from independent sedimentological and taphonomic evidence. New phylogenetic analyses, incorporating both morphological and molecular data, continue to place Beelzebufo with hyloid rather than ranoid frogs. Within Hyloidea, Beelzebufo still groups with the South American Ceratophryidae thus continuing to pose difficulties with both biogeographic interpretations and prior molecular divergence dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Evans
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph R. Groenke
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Marc E. H. Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alan H. Turner
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - David W. Krause
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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21
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Crottini A, Bollen A, Weldon C, Dalton DL, Kotzé A, Noël J, Iambana B, Andreone F. Amphibian survey and current absence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in Ivoloina Park, Toamasina (eastern Madagascar). AFR J HERPETOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2013.833994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO – Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Ché Weldon
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Desiré L. Dalton
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Genetics Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Kotzé
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Genetics Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jean Noël
- Madagascar Fauna Group, Toamasina, Madagascar
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22
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Gehara M, Canedo C, Haddad CFB, Vences M. From widespread to microendemic: molecular and acoustic analyses show that Ischnocnema guentheri (Amphibia: Brachycephalidae) is endemic to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CONSERV GENET 2013; 14:973-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Andreone F, Bergò PE, Mercurio V, Rosa GM. Spatial Ecology ofScaphiophryne gottlebeiin the Canyons of the Isalo Massif, Madagascar. HERPETOLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-12-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Crottini A, Brown JL, Mercurio V, Glaw F, Vences M, Andreone F. Phylogeography of the poison frogMantella viridis(Amphibia: Mantellidae) reveals chromatic and genetic differentiation across ecotones in northern Madagascar. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2012.00665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Köhler J, Vences M, D'Cruze N, Glaw F. Giant dwarfs: discovery of a radiation of large-bodied ‘stump-toed frogs’ from karstic cave environments of northern Madagascar. J Zool (1987) 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Crawford AJ, Lips KR, Bermingham E. Epidemic disease decimates amphibian abundance, species diversity, and evolutionary history in the highlands of central Panama. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:13777-82. [PMID: 20643927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914115107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian populations around the world are experiencing unprecedented declines attributed to a chytrid fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Despite the severity of the crisis, quantitative analyses of the effects of the epidemic on amphibian abundance and diversity have been unavailable as a result of the lack of equivalent data collected before and following disease outbreak. We present a community-level assessment combining long-term field surveys and DNA barcode data describing changes in abundance and evolutionary diversity within the amphibian community of El Copé, Panama, following a disease epidemic and mass-mortality event. The epidemic reduced taxonomic, lineage, and phylogenetic diversity similarly. We discovered that 30 species were lost, including five undescribed species, representing 41% of total amphibian lineage diversity in El Copé. These extirpations represented 33% of the evolutionary history of amphibians within the community, and variation in the degree of population loss and decline among species was random with respect to the community phylogeny. Our approach provides a fast, economical, and informative analysis of loss in a community whether measured by species or phylogenetic diversity.
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Randrianavelona R, Rakotonoely H, Ratsimbazafy J, Jenkins RKB. Conservation assessment of the critically endangered frog Mantella aurantiaca in Madagascar. AFR J HERPETOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/04416651.2010.481761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roma Randrianavelona
- a Madagasikara Voakajy , B.P. 5181, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
- b Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences , Université d' Antananarivo , Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Harisoa Rakotonoely
- c Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Département des Eaux et Forets , Université d' Antananarivo , Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Jonah Ratsimbazafy
- c Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Département des Eaux et Forets , Université d' Antananarivo , Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Richard K. B. Jenkins
- a Madagasikara Voakajy , B.P. 5181, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
- d School of Biological Sciences , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK
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Wollenberg KC, Jenkins RKB, Randrianavelona R, Ralisata M, Rampilamanana R, Ramanandraibe A, Ravoahangimalala OR, Vences M. Raising awareness of amphibian Chytridiomycosis will not alienate ecotourists visiting Madagascar. Ecohealth 2010; 7:248-251. [PMID: 20517634 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-010-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chytridiomycosis (Bd) is contributing to amphibian extinctions worldwide but has so far not been detected in Madagascar. The high likelihood for Bd to spread to the island and efface this amphibian diversity and endemism hotspot requires respective conservation policies to be developed. Bd could be introduced by the large number of tourists that visit protected areas; therefore, increasing awareness among tourists and encouraging them to participate in safety measures should be a priority conservation action. However, concerns have been raised that tourists would not be able to distinguish between an amphibian disease harmless to humans and emerging diseases that would imply a danger for human health, invoking a negative image of Madagascar as an ecotourism destination. We evaluated whether informing tourists about this infectious animal disease would cause health scare and diminish trip satisfaction. Based on 659 respondents we found that most ecotourists favored to be informed about Bd and were proactive about participating in prevention measures, refuting previous concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina C Wollenberg
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Weisrock DW, Rasoloarison RM, Fiorentino I, Ralison JM, Goodman SM, Kappeler PM, Yoder AD. Delimiting species without nuclear monophyly in Madagascar's mouse lemurs. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9883. [PMID: 20360988 PMCID: PMC2847600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Speciation begins when populations become genetically separated through a substantial reduction in gene flow, and it is at this point that a genetically cohesive set of populations attain the sole property of species: the independent evolution of a population-level lineage. The comprehensive delimitation of species within biodiversity hotspots, regardless of their level of divergence, is important for understanding the factors that drive the diversification of biota and for identifying them as targets for conservation. However, delimiting recently diverged species is challenging due to insufficient time for the differential evolution of characters—including morphological differences, reproductive isolation, and gene tree monophyly—that are typically used as evidence for separately evolving lineages. Methodology In this study, we assembled multiple lines of evidence from the analysis of mtDNA and nDNA sequence data for the delimitation of a high diversity of cryptically diverged population-level mouse lemur lineages across the island of Madagascar. Our study uses a multi-faceted approach that applies phylogenetic, population genetic, and genealogical analysis for recognizing lineage diversity and presents the most thoroughly sampled species delimitation of mouse lemur ever performed. Conclusions The resolution of a large number of geographically defined clades in the mtDNA gene tree provides strong initial evidence for recognizing a high diversity of population-level lineages in mouse lemurs. We find additional support for lineage recognition in the striking concordance between mtDNA clades and patterns of nuclear population structure. Lineages identified using these two sources of evidence also exhibit patterns of population divergence according to genealogical exclusivity estimates. Mouse lemur lineage diversity is reflected in both a geographically fine-scaled pattern of population divergence within established and geographically widespread taxa, as well as newly resolved patterns of micro-endemism revealed through expanded field sampling into previously poorly and well-sampled regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Weisrock
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
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Fisher MC, Garner TW, Walker SF. Global Emergence ofBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisand Amphibian Chytridiomycosis in Space, Time, and Host. Annu Rev Microbiol 2009; 63:291-310. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Fisher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom:
| | - Trenton W.J. Garner
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Susan F. Walker
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom:
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Vences M, Wollenberg KC, Vieites DR, Lees DC. Madagascar as a model region of species diversification. Trends Ecol Evol 2009; 24:456-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Vieites DR, Wollenberg KC, Andreone F, Köhler J, Glaw F, Vences M. Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8267-72. [PMID: 19416818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810821106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are in decline worldwide. However, their patterns of diversity, especially in the tropics, are not well understood, mainly because of incomplete information on taxonomy and distribution. We assess morphological, bioacoustic, and genetic variation of Madagascar's amphibians, one of the first near-complete taxon samplings from a biodiversity hotspot. Based on DNA sequences of 2,850 specimens sampled from over 170 localities, our analyses reveal an extreme proportion of amphibian diversity, projecting an almost 2-fold increase in species numbers from the currently described 244 species to a minimum of 373 and up to 465. This diversity is widespread geographically and across most major phylogenetic lineages except in a few previously well-studied genera, and is not restricted to morphologically cryptic clades. We classify the genealogical lineages in confirmed and unconfirmed candidate species or deeply divergent conspecific lineages based on concordance of genetic divergences with other characters. This integrative approach may be widely applicable to improve estimates of organismal diversity. Our results suggest that in Madagascar the spatial pattern of amphibian richness and endemism must be revisited, and current habitat destruction may be affecting more species than previously thought, in amphibians as well as in other animal groups. This case study suggests that worldwide tropical amphibian diversity is probably underestimated at an unprecedented level and stresses the need for integrated taxonomic surveys as a basis for prioritizing conservation efforts within biodiversity hotspots.
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