1
|
Fischer M. Gene regulation by the tumor suppressor p53 - The omics era. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189111. [PMID: 38740351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is activated in response to a variety of cellular stresses and serves as a prominent and potent tumor suppressor. Since its discovery, we have sought to understand how p53 functions as both a transcription factor and a tumor suppressor. Two decades ago, the field of gene regulation entered the omics era and began to study the regulation of entire genomes. The omics perspective has greatly expanded our understanding of p53 functions and has begun to reveal its gene regulatory network. In this mini-review, I discuss recent insights into the p53 transcriptional program from high-throughput analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodriguez BN, Huang H, Chia JJ, Hoffmann A. The noncanonical NFκB pathway: Regulatory mechanisms in health and disease. WIREs Mech Dis 2024:e1646. [PMID: 38634218 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The noncanonical NFκB signaling pathway mediates the biological functions of diverse cell survival, growth, maturation, and differentiation factors that are important for the development and maintenance of hematopoietic cells and immune organs. Its dysregulation is associated with a number of immune pathologies and malignancies. Originally described as the signaling pathway that controls the NFκB family member RelB, we now know that noncanonical signaling also controls NFκB RelA and cRel. Here, we aim to clarify our understanding of the molecular network that mediates noncanonical NFκB signaling and review the human diseases that result from a deficient or hyper-active noncanonical NFκB pathway. It turns out that dysregulation of RelA and cRel, not RelB, is often implicated in mediating the resulting pathology. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benancio N Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer J Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng CS, Huang WM, Xia HM, Mi JL, Li YQ, Liang HQ, Zhou L, Lu ZX, Wu F. Oncogenic and immunological roles of RACGAP1 in pan-cancer and its potential value in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Apoptosis 2024; 29:243-266. [PMID: 37670104 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A particular GTPase-activating protein called RACGAP1 is involved in apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in a variety of malignancies. Nevertheless, the role of RACGAP1 in pan-cancer was less studied, and its value of the expression and prognostic of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been explored. Hence, the goal of this study was to investigate the oncogenic and immunological roles of RACGAP1 in various cancers and its potential value in NPC. We comprehensively analyzed RACGAP1 expression, prognostic value, function, methylation levels, relationship with immune cells, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy response in pan-cancer utilizing multiple databases. The results discovered that RACGAP1 expression was elevated in most cancers and suggested poor prognosis, which could be related to the involvement of RACGAP1 in various cancer-related pathways such as the cell cycle and correlated with RACGAP1 methylation levels, immune cell infiltration and reaction to immunotherapy, and chemoresistance. RACGAP1 could inhibit anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy responses by fostering immune cell infiltration and cytotoxic T lymphocyte dysfunction. Significantly, we validated that RACGAP1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in NPC. The Gene Expression Omnibus database revealed that elevated RACGAP1 expression was associated with shorter PFS in patients with NPC, and RACGAP1 potentially influenced cell cycle progression, DNA replication, metabolism, and immune-related pathways, resulting in the recurrence and metastasis of NPC. This study indicated that RACGAP1 could be a potential biomarker in pan-cancer and NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei-Mei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xia
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Jing-Lin Mi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui-Qing Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhou-Xue Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harada M, Su-Harada K, Kimura T, Ono K, Ashida N. Sustained activation of NF-κB through constitutively active IKKβ leads to senescence bypass in murine dermal fibroblasts. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:308-327. [PMID: 38461418 PMCID: PMC11057680 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2325802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays a central role in the regulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) acquisition, our understanding of the involvement of NF-κB in the induction of cellular senescence is limited. Here, we show that activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway suppresses senescence in murine dermal fibroblasts. IκB kinase β (IKKβ)-depleted dermal fibroblasts showed ineffective NF-κB activation and underwent senescence more rapidly than control cells when cultured under 20% oxygen conditions, as indicated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and p16INK4a mRNA levels. Conversely, the expression of constitutively active IKKβ (IKKβ-CA) was sufficient to drive senescence bypass. Notably, the expression of a degradation-resistant form of inhibitor of κB (IκB), which inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation, abolished senescence bypass, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of IKKβ-CA on senescence is largely mediated by NF-κB. We also found that IKKβ-CA expression suppressed the derepression of INK4/Arf genes and counteracted the senescence-associated loss of Ezh2, a catalytic subunit of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of Ezh2 abolished IKKβ-CA-induced senescence bypass. We propose that NF-κB plays a suppressive role in the induction of stress-induced senescence through sustaining Ezh2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanae Su-Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noboru Ashida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Turnham DJ, Smith H, Clarkson RWE. Suppression of Bcl3 Disrupts Viability of Breast Cancer Cells through Both p53-Dependent and p53-Independent Mechanisms via Loss of NF-κB Signalling. Biomedicines 2024; 12:143. [PMID: 38255248 PMCID: PMC10813424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB co-factor Bcl3 is a proto-oncogene that promotes breast cancer proliferation, metastasis and therapeutic resistance, yet its role in breast cancer cell survival is unclear. Here, we sought to determine the effect of Bcl3 suppression alone on breast cancer cell viability, with a view to informing future studies that aim to target Bcl3 therapeutically. Bcl3 was suppressed by siRNA in breast cancer cell lines before changes in viability, proliferation, apoptosis and senescence were examined. Bcl3 suppression significantly reduced viability and was shown to induce apoptosis in all cell lines tested, while an additional p53-dependent senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype was also observed in those cells with functional p53. The role of the Bcl3/NF-κB axis in this senescence response was confirmed via siRNA of the non-canonical NF-κB subunit NFKB2/p52, which resulted in increased cellular senescence and the canonical subunit NFKB1/p50, which induced the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. An analysis of clinical data showed a correlation between reduced relapse-free survival in patients that expressed high levels of Bcl3 and carried a p53 mutation. Together, these data demonstrate a dual role for Bcl3/NF-κB in the maintenance of breast cancer cell viability and suggests that targeting Bcl3 may be more beneficial to patients with tumours that lack functional p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard W. E. Clarkson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kapoor N, Bhattacharjee A, Chakraborty S, Katti DS. Piperlongumine mediates amelioration of osteoarthritis via inhibition of chondrocyte senescence and inflammation in a goat ex vivo model. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176136. [PMID: 37944845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), chondrocytes manifest senescence, which results in a vicious signaling loop that aids the progression of the disease. More specifically, inflammation-associated senescence is one of the major regulators of the initiation and progression of OA. Therefore, we targeted senescence through inflammation with a pharmacological approach for OA amelioration. In this study, we first confirmed the suitability of the IL1β-induced goat ex vivo OA model (emphasizing 3R's principle) for the screening of senotherapeutics, namely, ABT-263, ABT-737, and Piperlongumine (PL), wherein PL showed a positive outcome in the preliminary studies. Thereafter, we determined the cytocompatible concentrations of PL using live/dead staining. Further, treatment of ex vivo OA cartilage with PL exhibited a concentration-dependent increase in the retention of key cartilage matrix components. We then examined the effect of PL on chondrocyte senescence and observed a decreased expression of major senescence markers in the PL-treated groups. Interestingly, PL treatment reduced the expression of major downstream effectors of the chondrocyte senescence pathway in a concentration-dependent manner at both gene and protein levels. Moreover, IL1β-induced elevated levels of oxidative stress and DNA damage in cartilage explants were rescued by all the tested concentrations of PL. In addition, PL also reduced the expression of major inflammatory markers of OA in the goat ex vivo OA model. Finally, we proposed a model for the mechanism of action of PL in the treatment of OA. Overall, PL showed a promising outcome as a senotherapeutic for the amelioration of OA in the goat ex vivo OA model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nindiya Kapoor
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India; The Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Arijit Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India; The Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Saptomee Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India; The Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Dhirendra S Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India; The Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
SoRelle ED, Reinoso-Vizcaino NM, Dai J, Barry AP, Chan C, Luftig MA. Epstein-Barr virus evades restrictive host chromatin closure by subverting B cell activation and germinal center regulatory loci. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112958. [PMID: 37561629 PMCID: PMC10559315 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility fundamentally governs gene expression and biological response programs that can be manipulated by pathogens. Here we capture dynamic chromatin landscapes of individual B cells during Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV+ cells that exhibit arrest via antiviral sensing and proliferation-linked DNA damage experience global accessibility reduction. Proliferative EBV+ cells develop expression-linked architectures and motif accessibility profiles resembling in vivo germinal center (GC) phenotypes. Remarkably, EBV elicits dark zone (DZ), light zone (LZ), and post-GC B cell chromatin features despite BCL6 downregulation. Integration of single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data enables genome-wide cis-regulatory predictions implicating EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs) in phenotype-specific control of GC B cell activation, survival, and immune evasion. Knockouts validate bioinformatically identified regulators (MEF2C and NFE2L2) of EBV-induced GC phenotypes and EBNA-associated loci that regulate gene expression (CD274/PD-L1). These data and methods can inform high-resolution investigations of EBV-host interactions, B cell fates, and virus-mediated lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott D SoRelle
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Nicolás M Reinoso-Vizcaino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joanne Dai
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ashley P Barry
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cliburn Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Micah A Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo C, Zhao M, Sui X, Balsara Z, Zhai S, Ahdoot M, Zhang Y, Lam CM, Zhu P, Li X. Targeting the PRC2-dependent epigenetic program alleviates urinary tract infections. iScience 2023; 26:106925. [PMID: 37332606 PMCID: PMC10272480 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a pervasive health problem worldwide. Patients with a history of UTIs suffer increased risk of recurrent infections, a major risk of antibiotic resistance. Here, we show that bladder infections induce expression of Ezh2 in bladder urothelial cells. Ezh2 is the methyltransferase of polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2)-a potent epigenetic regulator. Urothelium-specific inactivation of PRC2 results in reduced urine bacterial burden, muted inflammatory response, and decreased activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway. PRC2 inactivation also facilitates proper regeneration after urothelial damage from UTIs, by attenuating basal cell hyperplasia and increasing urothelial differentiation. In addition, treatment with Ezh2-specific small-molecule inhibitors improves outcomes of the chronic and severe bladder infections in mice. These findings collectively suggest that the PRC2-dependent epigenetic reprograming controls the amplitude of inflammation and severity of UTIs and that Ezh2 inhibitors may be a viable non-antibiotic strategy to manage chronic and severe UTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Guo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 3089, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Pathogenesis and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zarine Balsara
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songhui Zhai
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Ahdoot
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 3089, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yingsheng Zhang
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 3089, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christa M. Lam
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 3089, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Pathogenesis and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Xue Li
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis 3089, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koshko L, Scofield S, Debarba L, Stilgenbauer L, Fakhoury P, Jayarathne H, Perez-Mojica JE, Griggs E, Lempradl A, Sadagurski M. Prenatal benzene exposure in mice alters offspring hypothalamic development predisposing to metabolic disease in later life. Chemosphere 2023; 330:138738. [PMID: 37084897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to environmental contaminants during pregnancy poses a significant threat to a developing fetus, as these substances can easily cross the placenta and disrupt the neurodevelopment of offspring. Specifically, the hypothalamus is essential in the regulation of metabolism, notably during critical windows of development. An abnormal hormonal and inflammatory milieu during development can trigger persistent changes in the function of hypothalamic circuits, leading to long-lasting effects on the body's energy homeostasis and metabolism. We recently demonstrated that gestational exposure to clinically relevant levels of benzene induces severe metabolic dysregulation in the offspring. Given the central role of the hypothalamus in metabolic control, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to benzene impacts hypothalamic development, contributing to the adverse metabolic effects in the offspring. C57BL/6JB dams were exposed to benzene at 50 ppm in the inhalation chambers exclusively during pregnancy (from E0.5 to E19). Transcriptomic analysis of the exposed offspring at postnatal day 21 (P21) revealed hypothalamic changes in genes related to metabolic regulation, inflammation, and neurodevelopment exclusively in males. Moreover, the hypothalamus of prenatally benzene-exposed male offspring displayed alterations in orexigenic and anorexigenic projections, impairments in leptin signaling, and increased microgliosis. Additional exposure to benzene during lactation did not promote further microgliosis or astrogliosis in the offspring, while the high-fat diet (HFD) challenge in adulthood exacerbated glucose metabolism and hypothalamic inflammation in benzene-exposed offspring of both sexes. These findings reveal the persistent adverse effects of prenatal benzene exposure on hypothalamic circuits and neuroinflammation, predisposing the offspring to long-lasting metabolic health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Koshko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sydney Scofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lucas Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lukas Stilgenbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patrick Fakhoury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hashan Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ellen Griggs
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaur P, Verma S, Kushwaha PP, Gupta S. EZH2 and NF-κB: A context-dependent crosstalk and transcriptional regulation in cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216143. [PMID: 36958695 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications regulate critical biological processes that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), a subunit of the Polycomb-Repressive Complex 2, catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3 on Lys 27 (H3K27) involved in gene silencing. EZH2 is amplified in human cancers and has roles in regulating several cellular processes, including survival, proliferation, invasion, and self-renewal. Though EZH2 is responsible for gene silencing through its canonical role, it also regulates the transcription of several genes promoting carcinogenesis via its non-canonical role. Constitutive activation of Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of human malignancies. NF-κB is essential for regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and is one of the most important molecules that increases survival during carcinogenesis. Given the evidence that increased survival and proliferation are essential for tumor development and their association with epigenetic modifications, it seems plausible that EZH2 and NF-κB crosstalk may promote cancer progression. In this review, we expand on how EZH2 and NF-κB regulate cellular responses during cancer and their crosstalk of the canonical and non-canonical roles in a context-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Kaur
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44016, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tu M, Wei T, Jia Y, Wang Y, Wu J. Molecular mechanisms of alveolar epithelial cell senescence and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:186-203. [PMID: 36794134 PMCID: PMC9922607 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology. An increasing number of studies have reported that the incidence of IPF increases with age. Simultaneously, the number of senescent cells increased in IPF. Epithelial cell senescence, an important component of epithelial cell dysfunction, plays a key role in IPF pathogenesis. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms associated with alveolar epithelial cell senescence and recent advances in the applications of drugs targeting pulmonary epithelial cell senescence to explore novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods All literature published in English on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were electronically searched online using the following keyword combinations: aging, alveolar epithelial cell, cell senescence, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, WNT/β-catenin, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Key Content and Findings We focused on signaling pathways associated with alveolar epithelial cell senescence in IPF, including WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and mTOR signaling pathways. Some of these signaling pathways are involved in alveolar epithelial cell senescence by affecting cell cycle arrest and secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype-associated markers. We also found that changes in lipid metabolism in alveolar epithelial cells can be induced by mitochondrial dysfunction, both of which contribute to cellular senescence and development of IPF. Conclusions Decreasing senescent alveolar epithelial cells may be a promising strategy for the treatment of IPF. Therefore, further investigations into new treatments of IPF by applying inhibitors of relevant signaling pathways, as well as senolytic drugs, are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Tu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yufang Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zamkova MA, Persiyantseva NA, Tatarskiy VV, Shtil AA. Therapy-Induced Tumor Cell Senescence: Mechanisms and Circumvention. Biochemistry Moscow 2023; 88:86-104. [PMID: 37068872 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792301008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity of tumor cells (multitude of molecular regulation pathways) allows them to evade cytocidal effects of chemo- and/or radiation therapy. Metabolic adaptation of the surviving cells is based on transcriptional reprogramming. Similarly to the process of natural cell aging, specific features of the survived tumor cells comprise the therapy-induced senescence phenotype. Tumor cells with this phenotype differ from the parental cells since they become less responsive to drugs and form aggressive progeny. Importance of the problem is explained by the general biological significance of transcriptional reprogramming as a mechanism of adaptation to stress, and by the emerging potential of its pharmacological targeting. In this review we analyze the mechanisms of regulation of the therapy-induced tumor cell senescence, as well as new drug combinations aimed to prevent this clinically unfavorable phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Zamkova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Persiyantseva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Victor V Tatarskiy
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander A Shtil
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Institute of Cyber Intelligence Systems, National Research Nuclear University MEPHI, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bernal GM, Wu L, Voce DJ, Weichselbaum RR, Yamini B. p52 signaling promotes cellular senescence. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:43. [PMID: 35379326 PMCID: PMC8981737 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor-κB is a multi-subunit transcription factor that plays a central role in cellular senescence. We previously reported that an increase in the p52 subunit is seen in senescent cells and aged tissue. In the current work, we examined the mechanism by which p52 is activated and whether the increase in p52 promotes senescence. Results Using both primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and WI-38 human lung fibroblasts, we examined cells after serial passage and following prolonged culture. An increase in p52 was found in the nucleus relative to pre-senescent cells. The increase in p52 protein was not reflected by an increase in NFKB2 mRNA or by an increase in the abundance of upstream activating kinases, IKKα and NIK. To examine whether p52 promotes senescence, we over-expressed mature p52 in primary MEFs. Significantly more senescence was seen compared to control, a finding not seen with p52 mutated at critical DNA binding residues. In addition, blocking p52 nuclear translocation with the peptide inhibitor, SN52, decreased β-galactosidase (β-gal) formation. Subsequent filtration studies demonstrated that proteins in conditioned media (CM) were necessary for the increase in p52 and mass spectrometry identified S100A4 and cyclophilin A (CYPA) as potential factors in CM necessary for induction of p52. The requirement of these proteins in CM for induction of p52 was confirmed using depletion and supplementation studies. In addition, we found that activation of STAT3 signaling was required for the increase in p52. Finally, genome wide ChIP-sequencing analysis confirmed that there is an increase in p52 chromatin enrichment with senescence and identified several downstream factors whose expression is regulated by increased p52 binding. Conclusions These results demonstrate that p52 nuclear translocation is increased in senescent cells by factors in conditioned media and that mature p52 induces cellular senescence. The data are consistent with the prior observation that p52 is elevated in aged tissue and support the hypothesis that p52 contributes to organismal aging. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00779-6.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kushwaha AC, Mohanbhai SJ, Sardoiwala MN, Jaganathan M, Karmakar S, Roy Choudhury S. Nanoemulsified Genistein and Vitamin D Mediated Epigenetic Regulation to Inhibit Osteoporosis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3810-3818. [PMID: 36005299 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance in the bone remodeling process with more bone resorption by osteoclasts compared to bone formation by osteoblasts results in a metabolic bone disorder known as osteoporosis. This condition reduces the bone mineral density and increases the risk of fractures due to low bone mass and disrupted bone microarchitecture. Osteoclastogenesis increases when the receptor activator NFκB ligand (RANKL) on the osteoblast surface binds to the receptor activator NFκB (RANK) on the osteoclast surface and the function of the decoy receptor of RANKL, osteoprotegrin, is compromised due to external stimuli such as heparin and lipopolysaccharides. The RANK/RANKL axis promotes the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) expression, which in turn increases the histone methyltransferase activity of EzH2 and EzH1 for the epigenetic regulation of osteoclastogenesis-related genes. Genistein counteracts NFκB-induced osteoclastogenesis and downstream signaling through the direct regulation of histone methyltransferase, EzH2 and EzH1, transcription. However, genistein possesses limitations like low bioavailability, low water solubility, high estrogen activity, and thyroid side effects, which obstruct its therapeutic usage. Here, the nanoemulsified formulation of genistein with vitamin D was utilized to circumvent the limitations of genistein so that it can be utilized for therapeutic purposes in osteoporosis management. The nanoemulsification of genistein and vitamin D was performed through the spontaneous emulsification using Tween 80 and medium chain triglyceride oil as an organic phase. The physiologically stable and biocompatible combination of the genistein and vitamin D nanoemulsion (GVNE) exhibited the controlled release pattern of genistein with Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi models under different pH conditions (7.4, 6.5, and 1.2). The GVNE potentially enhanced the therapeutic efficacy under in vitro osteoporosis models and helped restore disease parameters like alkaline phosphatase activity, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, and the formation of multinuclear giant cells. Molecularly, the GVNE overturned the LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis by downregulation of NFκB expression along with its binding on EzH2 and EzH1 promoters. GVNE effects on the osteoporosis model established it as an efficient antiosteoporotic therapy. This nanonutraceutical-based formulation provides an epigenetic regulation of osteoporosis management and opens new avenues for alternate epigenetic therapies for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandra Kushwaha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Soni Jignesh Mohanbhai
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mohammed Nadim Sardoiwala
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Mahendran Jaganathan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Surajit Karmakar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Subhasree Roy Choudhury
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Manara F, Jay A, Odongo GA, Mure F, Maroui MA, Diederichs A, Sirand C, Cuenin C, Granai M, Mundo L, Hernandez-Vargas H, Lazzi S, Khoueiry R, Gruffat H, Herceg Z, Accardi R. Epigenetic Alteration of the Cancer-Related Gene TGFBI in B Cells Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus and Exposed to Aflatoxin B1: Potential Role in Burkitt Lymphoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1284. [PMID: 35267594 PMCID: PMC8909323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a malignant B cell neoplasm that accounts for almost half of pediatric cancers in sub-Saharan African countries. Although the BL endemic prevalence is attributable to the combination of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection with malaria and environmental carcinogens exposure, such as the food contaminant aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the molecular determinants underlying the pathogenesis are not fully understood. Consistent with the role of epigenetic mechanisms at the interface between the genome and environment, AFB1 and EBV impact the methylome of respectively leukocytes and B cells specifically. Here, we conducted a thorough investigation of common epigenomic changes following EBV or AFB1 exposure in B cells. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling identified an EBV-AFB1 common signature within the TGFBI locus, which encodes for a putative tumor suppressor often altered in cancer. Subsequent mechanistic analyses confirmed a DNA-methylation-dependent transcriptional silencing of TGFBI involving the recruitment of DNMT1 methyltransferase that is associated with an activation of the NF-κB pathway. Our results reveal a potential common mechanism of B cell transformation shared by the main risk factors of endemic BL (EBV and AFB1), suggesting a key determinant of disease that could allow the development of more efficient targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Manara
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (A.J.); (G.A.O.); (A.D.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Antonin Jay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (A.J.); (G.A.O.); (A.D.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Grace Akinyi Odongo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (A.J.); (G.A.O.); (A.D.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Fabrice Mure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, RNA Expression in Viruses and Eukaryotes Group, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Maroui
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, RNA Expression in Viruses and Eukaryotes Group, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Audrey Diederichs
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (A.J.); (G.A.O.); (A.D.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Cecilia Sirand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (A.J.); (G.A.O.); (A.D.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (A.J.); (G.A.O.); (A.D.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Massimo Granai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Lucia Mundo
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | | | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Rita Khoueiry
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (A.J.); (G.A.O.); (A.D.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Henri Gruffat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, RNA Expression in Viruses and Eukaryotes Group, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (A.J.); (G.A.O.); (A.D.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Rosita Accardi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France; (F.M.); (A.J.); (G.A.O.); (A.D.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (R.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mehta S, Campbell H, Drummond CJ, Li K, Murray K, Slatter T, Bourdon JC, Braithwaite AW. Adaptive homeostasis and the p53 isoform network. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53085. [PMID: 34779563 PMCID: PMC8647153 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms have developed processes to sense and address environmental changes to maintain a stable internal state (homeostasis). When activated, the p53 tumour suppressor maintains cell and organ integrity and functions in response to homeostasis disruptors (stresses) such as infection, metabolic alterations and cellular damage. Thus, p53 plays a fundamental physiological role in maintaining organismal homeostasis. The TP53 gene encodes a network of proteins (p53 isoforms) with similar and distinct biochemical functions. The p53 network carries out multiple biological activities enabling cooperation between individual cells required for long‐term survival of multicellular organisms (animals) in response to an ever‐changing environment caused by mutation, infection, metabolic alteration or damage. In this review, we suggest that the p53 network has evolved as an adaptive response to pathogen infections and other environmental selection pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Campbell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine J Drummond
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kaisha Murray
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tania Slatter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Antony W Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chaudhary P, Guragain D, Chang JH, Kim JA. TPH1 and 5-HT 7 Receptor Overexpression Leading to Gemcitabine-Resistance Requires Non-Canonical Permissive Action of EZH2 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5305. [PMID: 34771469 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most patients with pancreatic cancer initially respond to the first-choice drug gemcitabine, but the cancer cells rapidly acquire drug resistance, resulting in poor survival. In this study, we investigated whether the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system plays an important role in gemcitabine resistance and the maintenance of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) in association with an Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), an epigenetic regulator of transcription. Herein, we demonstrate that long-term exposure of PDAC cells to 5-HT leads to enhanced EZH2 expression which, in turn, allows upregulation of TPH1 and 5-HT7, resulting in EZH2-TPH1-5-HT7 axis operating in a feed-forward manner. The results suggest that the EZH2-TPH1-5-HT7 axis may be a highly efficient therapeutic target against drug-resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Abstract In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying overexpression of EZH2, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), and 5-HT7, in relation to gemcitabine resistance and CSC survival in PDAC cells. In aggressive PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, knock-down (KD) of EZH2, TPH1, or HTR7 induced a decrease in CSCs and recovery from gemcitabine resistance, while preconditioning of less aggressive Capan-1 cells with 5-HT induced gemcitabine resistance with increased expression of EZH2, TPH1, and 5-HT7. Such effects of the gene KD and 5-HT treatment were mediated through PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. EZH2 KD or GSK-126 (an EZH2 inhibitor) inhibited activities of these signaling pathways which altered nuclear level of NF-kB, Sp1, and p-STAT3, accompanied by downregulation of TPH1 and 5-HT7. Co-immunoprecipation with EZH2 and pan-methyl lysine antibodies revealed that auto-methylated EZH2 served as a scaffold for binding with methylated NF-kB and Sp1 as well as unmethylated p-STAT3. Furthermore, the inhibitor of EZH2, TPH1, or 5-HT7 effectively regressed pancreatic tumor growth in a xenografted mouse tumor model. Overall, the results revealed that long-term exposure to 5-HT upregulated EZH2, and the noncanonical action of EZH2 allowed the expression of TPH1-5-HT7 axis leading to gemcitabine resistance and CSC population in PDAC.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hassan Z, Schneeweis C, Wirth M, Müller S, Geismann C, Neuß T, Steiger K, Krämer OH, Schmid RM, Rad R, Arlt A, Reichert M, Saur D, Schneider G. Important role of Nfkb2 in the Kras(G12D)-driven carcinogenesis in the pancreas. Pancreatology 2021; 21:912-9. [PMID: 33824054 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic Kras initiates and drives carcinogenesis in the pancreas by complex signaling networks, including activation of the NFκB pathway. Although recent evidence has shown that oncogenic gains in Nfκb2 collaborate with Kras in the carcinogenesis, no data at the level of genetics for the contribution of Nfκb2 is available so far. METHODS We used Nfkb2 knock-out mice to decipher the role of the gene in Kras-driven carcinogenesis in vivo. RESULTS We show that the Nfkb2 gene is needed for cancer initiation and progression in KrasG12D-driven models and this requirement of Nfkb2 is mechanistically connected to proliferative pathways. In contrast, Nfκb2 is dispensable in aggressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models relying on the simultaneous expression of the Kras oncogene and the mutated tumor suppressor p53. CONCLUSIONS Our data add to the understanding of context-dependent requirements of oncogenic Kras signaling during pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fafián‐Labora JA, O’Loghlen A. NF-κB/IKK activation by small extracellular vesicles within the SASP. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13426. [PMID: 34187082 PMCID: PMC8282244 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays an important role in different biological and pathological conditions. Senescent cells communicate with their microenvironment through a plethora of soluble factors, metalloproteases and extracellular vesicles (EV). Although much is known about the role that soluble factors play in senescence, the downstream signalling pathways activated by EV in senescence is unknown. To address this, we performed a small molecule inhibitor screen and have identified the IκB kinases IKKε, IKKα and IKKβ as essential for senescence mediated by EV (evSASP). By using pharmacological inhibitors of IKKε, IKKα and IKKβ, in addition to CRISPR/Cas9 targeting their respective genes, we find these pathways are important in mediating senescence. In addition, we find that senescence activation is dependent on canonical NF‐κB transcription factors where siRNA targeting p65 prevent senescence. Importantly, these IKK pathways are also relevant to ageing as knockout of IKKA, IKKB and IKKE avoid the activation of senescence. Altogether, these findings open a new potential line of investigation in the field of senescence by targeting the negative effects of the evSASP independent of particular EV contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Fafián‐Labora
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Ana O’Loghlen
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Müller A, Dickmanns A, Resch C, Schäkel K, Hailfinger S, Dobbelstein M, Schulze-Osthoff K, Kramer D. The CDK4/6-EZH2 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5765-5781. [PMID: 32701505 DOI: 10.1172/jci134217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a frequent, inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and a disease-related infiltration of immune cells. Here, we identified a novel proinflammatory signaling pathway driven by cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 and the methyltransferase EZH2 as a valid target for psoriasis therapy. Delineation of the pathway revealed that CDK4/6 phosphorylated EZH2 in keratinocytes, thereby triggering a methylation-induced activation of STAT3. Subsequently, active STAT3 resulted in the induction of IκBζ, which is a key proinflammatory transcription factor required for cytokine synthesis in psoriasis. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CDK4/6 or EZH2 abrogated psoriasis-related proinflammatory gene expression by suppressing IκBζ induction in keratinocytes. Importantly, topical application of CDK4/6 or EZH2 inhibitors on the skin was sufficient to fully prevent the development of psoriasis in various mouse models by suppressing STAT3-mediated IκBζ expression. Moreover, we found a hyperactivation of the CDK4/6-EZH2 pathway in human and mouse psoriatic skin lesions. Thus, this study not only identifies a novel psoriasis-relevant proinflammatory pathway, but also proposes the repurposing of CDK4/6 or EZH2 inhibitors as a new therapeutic option for patients with psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Müller
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antje Dickmanns
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Resch
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Dobbelstein
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu D, Yuan S, Zhong J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Liu L, Li J, Wen F, Liu J, Zhang J. Cellular senescence and hematological malignancies: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107817. [PMID: 33587950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence constitutes a permanent state of cell cycle arrest in proliferative cells induced by different stresses. The exploration of tumor pathogenesis and therapies has been a research hotspot in recent years. Cellular senescence is a significant mechanism to prevent the proliferation of potential tumor cells, but it can also promote tumor growth. Increasing evidence suggests that cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis and development of hematological malignancies, including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Cellular senescence is associated with functional decline of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and increased risk of hematological malignancies. Moreover, the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has a crucial regulatory effect in the process of these diseases. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in the BM microenvironment establishes a protumor environment that supports the proliferation and survival of tumor cells. Therefore, a series of therapeutic strategies targeting cellular senescence have been gradually developed, including the induction of cellular senescence and elimination of senescent cells. This review systematically summarizes the emerging information describing the roles of cellular senescence in tumorigenesis and potential clinical applications, which may be beneficial for designing rational therapeutic strategies for various hematopoietic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gu SS, Zhang W, Wang X, Jiang P, Traugh N, Li Z, Meyer C, Stewig B, Xie Y, Bu X, Manos MP, Font-Tello A, Gjini E, Lako A, Lim K, Conway J, Tewari AK, Zeng Z, Sahu AD, Tokheim C, Weirather JL, Fu J, Zhang Y, Kroger B, Liang JH, Cejas P, Freeman GJ, Rodig S, Long HW, Gewurz BE, Hodi FS, Brown M, Liu XS. Therapeutically Increasing MHC-I Expression Potentiates Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1524-1541. [PMID: 33589424 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy revolutionized cancer treatment, but many patients with impaired MHC-I expression remain refractory. Here, we combined FACS-based genome-wide CRISPR screens with a data-mining approach to identify drugs that can upregulate MHC-I without inducing PD-L1. CRISPR screening identified TRAF3, a suppressor of the NFκB pathway, as a negative regulator of MHC-I but not PD-L1. The Traf3-knockout gene expression signature is associated with better survival in ICB-naïve patients with cancer and better ICB response. We then screened for drugs with similar transcriptional effects as this signature and identified Second Mitochondria-derived Activator of Caspase (SMAC) mimetics. We experimentally validated that the SMAC mimetic birinapant upregulates MHC-I, sensitizes cancer cells to T cell-dependent killing, and adds to ICB efficacy. Our findings provide preclinical rationale for treating tumors expressing low MHC-I expression with SMAC mimetics to enhance sensitivity to immunotherapy. The approach used in this study can be generalized to identify other drugs that enhance immunotherapy efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE: MHC-I loss or downregulation in cancer cells is a major mechanism of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapies. Our study reveals that birinapant may be used for patients with low baseline MHC-I to enhance ICB response. This represents promising immunotherapy opportunities given the biosafety profile of birinapant from multiple clinical trials.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqing Stan Gu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wubing Zhang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peng Jiang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicole Traugh
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Clifford Meyer
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Blair Stewig
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yingtian Xie
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xia Bu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Manos
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alba Font-Tello
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana Lako
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Klothilda Lim
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jake Conway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alok K Tewari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zexian Zeng
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avinash Das Sahu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Collin Tokheim
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason L Weirather
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingxin Fu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Kroger
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jin Hua Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott Rodig
- Department of Pathologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry W Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Garnett S, de Bruyns A, Provencher-Tom V, Dutchak K, Shu R, Dankort D. Metabolic Regulator IAPP (Amylin) Is Required for BRAF and RAS Oncogene-Induced Senescence. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:874-885. [PMID: 33500359 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by a prolonged and predominantly irreversible cell-cycle arrest state, which is linked to loss of tissue function and aging in mammals. Moreover, in response to aberrant oncogenic signals such as those from oncogenic RAS or BRAF, senescence functions as an intrinsic tumor suppressor mechanism restraining tumor progression. In addition to this durable proliferative block, senescent cells adopt altered morphologies, transcriptional profiles, and metabolism, while often possessing unusual heterochromatin formation termed senescence-associated heterochromatic foci. To uncover genes that are required to permit proliferation in the face of sustained oncogene signaling, we conducted an shRNA-based genetic screen in primary cells expressing inducible BRAF. Here we show that depletion of a known glycolysis regulator, islet amylin polypeptide (IAPP also known as amylin), prevents RAS and BRAF oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in human cells. Importantly, depletion of IAPP resulted in changes of the cells' metabolome and this metabolic reprogramming was associated with widespread alterations in chromatin modifications compared with senescent cells. Conversely, exogenous treatment of IAPP-depleted cells with amylin restored OIS. Together, our results demonstrate that the metabolic regulator IAPP is important regulator of OIS. Moreover, they suggest that IAPP analog treatment or activation of IAPP signaling in RAS/BRAF mutant tumors may have therapeutic potential through senescence induction. IMPLICATIONS: These findings demonstrate that IAPP is a novel metabolic regulator of oncogene-induced senescence and use of IAPP analogs may be therapeutically effective to restore growth arrest to BRAF and/or RAS mutant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Garnett
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Kendall Dutchak
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - Ran Shu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - David Dankort
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada. .,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Roupakia E, Markopoulos GS, Kolettas E. Genes and pathways involved in senescence bypass identified by functional genetic screens. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 194:111432. [PMID: 33422562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable and irreversible cell cycle arrest with active metabolism, that normal cells undergo after a finite number of divisions (Hayflick limit). Senescence can be triggered by intrinsic and/or extrinsic stimuli including telomere shortening at the end of a cell's lifespan (telomere-initiated senescence) and in response to oxidative, genotoxic or oncogenic stresses (stress-induced premature senescence). Several effector mechanisms have been proposed to explain senescence programmes in diploid cells, including the induction of DNA damage responses, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype and epigenetic changes. Senescent cells display senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity and undergo chromatin remodeling resulting in heterochromatinisation. Senescence is established by the pRb and p53 tumour suppressor networks. Senescence has been detected in in vitro cellular settings and in premalignant, but not malignant lesions in mice and humans expressing mutant oncogenes. Despite oncogene-induced senescence, which is believed to be a cancer initiating barrier and other tumour suppressive mechanisms, benign cancers may still develop into malignancies by bypassing senescence. Here, we summarise the functional genetic screens that have identified genes, uncovered pathways and characterised mechanisms involved in senescence evasion. These include cell cycle regulators and tumour suppressor pathways, DNA damage response pathways, epigenetic regulators, SASP components and noncoding RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Roupakia
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45100, Greece; Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Georgios S Markopoulos
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45100, Greece; Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kolettas
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45100, Greece; Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Di Pietro A. Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes B Cell Lymphomas by Manipulating the Host Epigenetic Machinery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3037. [PMID: 33086505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-induced lymphomas have a significant global incidence, given the widespread infection to the human population. EBV adopts several mechanisms to replicate and persist in the host, by hijacking its epigenetic machinery. The main topic of this review details the current insights of EBV interactions with the host epigenetic system, and it will be discussed the potential relationship between the EBV-induced chronic inflammation and the dysregulation of epigenetic modifiers that might lead to tumorigenesis. Promising novel therapies against several types of cancer involve the use of epigenetic modifier inhibitors. To design new therapeutical strategies targeting lymphomas, it is crucial to conduct exhaustive reaserch on the regulation of these enzymes. Abstract During the past decade, the rapid development of high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies has significantly reinforced our understanding of the role of epigenetics in health and disease. Altered functions of epigenetic modifiers lead to the disruption of the host epigenome, ultimately inducing carcinogenesis and disease progression. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an endemic herpesvirus that is associated with several malignant tumours, including B-cell related lymphomas. In EBV-infected cells, the epigenomic landscape is extensively reshaped by viral oncoproteins, which directly interact with epigenetic modifiers and modulate their function. This process is fundamental for the EBV life cycle, particularly for the establishment and maintenance of latency in B cells; however, the alteration of the host epigenetic machinery also contributes to the dysregulated expression of several cellular genes, including tumour suppressor genes, which can drive lymphoma development. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms underlying the epigenetic manipulation induced by EBV that lead to transformed B cells, as well as novel therapeutic interventions to target EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas.
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiang H, Li L, Zhang J, Wan Z, Wang Y, Hou J, Yu Y. MiR-101-3p and Syn-Cal14.1a Synergy in Suppressing EZH2-Induced Progression of Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9599-9609. [PMID: 33061442 PMCID: PMC7532305 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s264600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and has been documented as an oncogene in breast cancer. The microRNA (miR)-101-3p can suppress breast cancer progression by targeting with EZH2. Syn-cal14.1a, a synthetic peptide derived from Californiconus californicus (Cal14.1a), can decrease the cell viability and activate the cell apoptosis in cancer. In this study, we explored whether the synergy of miR-101-3p mimic and syn-cal14.1a could inhibit the expression of EZH2. We also investigated this binding treatment’s effects on the suppression of breast cancer cells. Methods MiR-101-3p mimic was transfected and syn-cal14.1a was added in SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The expression of EZH2 protein level was determined. Then, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were observed. Results MiR-101-3p and syn-cal14.1a, when applied together, exerted a synergistic anti-EZH2 expression in breast cancer cells. The combination of miR-101-3p and syn-cal14.1a synergistically suppressed the EZH2-induced breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. In parallel, this synergy treatment was able to promote the apoptosis of breast cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing inhibition of EZH2 in human breast cancer cell lines by syn-cal14.1a. Conclusion The anti-EZH2 roles of miR-101-3p and/or syn-cal14.1a could provide an effective therapeutic strategy in breast cancer. These data provide significant insights into molecular mechanisms of breast cancer and may have benefits in clinical therapeutics for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Assisted Reproduction Technology Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wan
- Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Health Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wong AHH, Shin EM, Tergaonkar V, Chng WJ. Targeting NF-κB Signaling for Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082203. [PMID: 32781681 PMCID: PMC7463546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the world. Even though survival rates have significantly risen over the past years, MM remains incurable, and is also far from reaching the point of being managed as a chronic disease. This paper reviews the evolution of MM therapies, focusing on anti-MM drugs that target the molecular mechanisms of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. We also provide our perspectives on contemporary research findings and insights for future drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Hang-Heng Wong
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.M.S.); (V.T.)
- AW Medical Company Limited, Macau, China
- Correspondence: (A.H.-H.W.); (W.-J.C.); Tel.: +65-6586-9709 (A.H.-H.W.); +65-6772-4612 (W.-J.C.)
| | - Eun Myoung Shin
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.M.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; (E.M.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (A.H.-H.W.); (W.-J.C.); Tel.: +65-6586-9709 (A.H.-H.W.); +65-6772-4612 (W.-J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao J, Jia Y, Shen S, Kim J, Wang X, Lee E, Brownell I, Cho-Vega JH, Lewis C, Homsi J, Sharma RR, Wang RC. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small T Antigen Activates Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling to Promote Tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1623-1637. [PMID: 32753470 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple human polyomaviruses (HPyV) can infect the skin, but only Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has been implicated in the development of a cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). While expression of HPyV6, HPyV7, and MCPyV small T antigens (sT), all induced a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), MCPyV sT uniquely activated noncanonical NF-κB (ncNF-κB), instead of canonical NF-κB signaling, to evade p53-mediated cellular senescence. Through its large T stabilization domain, MCPyV sT activated ncNF-κB signaling both by inducing H3K4 trimethylation-mediated increases of NFKB2 and RELB transcription and also by promoting NFKB2 stabilization and activation through FBXW7 inhibition. Noncanonical NF-κB signaling was required for SASP cytokine secretion, which promoted the proliferation of MCPyV sT-expressing cells through autocrine signaling. Virus-positive MCC cell lines and tumors showed ncNF-κB pathway activation and SASP gene expression, and the inhibition of ncNF-κB signaling prevented VP-MCC cell growth in vitro and in xenografts. We identify MCPyV sT-induced ncNF-κB signaling as an essential tumorigenic pathway in MCC. IMPLICATIONS: This work is the first to identify the activation of ncNF-κB signaling by any polyomavirus and its critical role in MCC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shunli Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xun Wang
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eunice Lee
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Cutaneous Development and Carcinogenesis Section, NIAMS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeong Hee Cho-Vega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jade Homsi
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rohit R Sharma
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Richard C Wang
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Anwar T, Rufail ML, Djomehri SI, Gonzalez ME, Lazo de la Vega L, Tomlins SA, Newman LA, Kleer CG. Next-generation sequencing identifies recurrent copy number variations in invasive breast carcinomas from Ghana. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1537-45. [PMID: 32152520 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
African and African-American (AA) women have higher incidence of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) with high histological grade and aggressive clinical behavior, but the reasons are not fully understood. We recently found that the oncogenic protein EZH2 is overexpressed in Ghanaian breast cancer patients, with 16% of the tumors expressing cytoplasmic EZH2. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of these aggressive tumors may lead to the identification of potential targetable oncogenic drivers. We characterized the copy number variations of 11 Ghanaian breast tumor patients by targeted multiplexed PCR-based DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) over 130 cancer-relevant genes. While the DNA quality was not optimal for mutation analysis, 90% of the tumors had frequent recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) of 17 genes: SDHC, RECQL4, TFE3, BCL11A, BCL2L1, PDGFRA, DEK, SMUG1, AKT3, SMARCA4, VHL, KLF6, CCNE1, G6PD, FGF3, ABL1, and CCND1, with the top oncogenic functions being mitotic G1-G1/S-phase regulation, gene transcription, apoptosis, and PI3K/AKT pathway. The most common recurrent high-level CNAs were gains of RECQL4 and SDHC, in 50% and 60% of cases, respectively. Network analyses revealed a significant predicted interaction among 12 of the 17 (70.6%) genes with high-level CNAs (p = 5.7E-07), which was highly correlated with EZH2 expression (r = 0.4-0.75). By immunohistochemistry, RECQL4 and SDHC proteins were upregulated in 53 of 86 (61.6%) and 48 of 86 (56%) of Ghanaian invasive carcinoma tissue samples. In conclusion, our data show that invasive carcinomas from Ghana exhibit recurrent CNAs in 17 genes, with functions in oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/AKT and G1-G1/S regulation, which may have implications for the biology and treatment of invasive carcinomas in African and AA women.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chartomatsidou E, Ntoufa S, Kotta K, Rovida A, Akritidou MA, Belloni D, Ferrero E, Trangas T, Stavroyianni N, Anagnostopoulos A, Rosenquist R, Ghia P, Papakonstantinou N, Stamatopoulos K. Inhibition of EZH2 and immune signaling exerts synergistic antitumor effects in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Adv 2019; 3:1891-6. [PMID: 31227476 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Microenvironmental stimuli affect EZH2 expression and function in CLL. Combined B-cell signaling and EZH2 inhibition showed synergistic effects on primary CLL cells.
Collapse
|
31
|
Carrà G, Lingua MF, Maffeo B, Taulli R, Morotti A. P53 vs NF-κB: the role of nuclear factor-kappa B in the regulation of p53 activity and vice versa. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4449-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
Introduction: Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary tract cancer and is often recurrent and/or chemoresistant after tumor resection. Cigarette smoking, exposure to aromatic amines, and chronic infection/inflammation are bladder cancer risk factors. NF-κB is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in normal physiology and bladder cancer. Bladder cancer patients have constitutively active NF-κB triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and hypoxia, augmenting carcinogenesis and progression.Areas covered: NF-κB orchestrates protein interactions (PTEN, survivin, VEGF), regulation (CYLD, USP13) and gene expression (Trp 53) resulting in bladder cancer progression, recurrence and resistance to therapy. This review focuses on NF-κB in bladder inflammation, cancer and resistance to therapy.Expert opinion: NF-κB and bladder cancer necessitate further research to develop better diagnostic and treatment regimens that address progression, recurrence and resistance to therapy. NF-κB is a master regulator that can act with or on minimally one cancer hallmark gene or protein, leading to bladder cancer progression (Tp53, PTEN, VEGF, HMGB1, CYLD, USP13), recurrence (PCNA, BcL-2, JUN) and resistance to therapy (P-gp, twist, SETD6). Thus, an understanding of bladder cancer in relation to NF-κB will offer improved strategies and efficacious targeted therapies resulting in minimal progression, recurrence and resistance to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Emmanuel Jebaraj Walter
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Sankari Durairajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Periyandavan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Dicky John Davis G
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Hannah Rachel Vasanthi A
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Thanka Johnson
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xi Y, Zhang Y, Pan J, Chen S, Lu S, Shen F, Huang Z. Triptolide dysregulates glucose uptake via inhibition of IKKβ-NF-κB pathway by p53 activation in cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Lett 2020; 318:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
34
|
van Gastel J, Leysen H, Santos-Otte P, Hendrickx JO, Azmi A, Martin B, Maudsley S. The RXFP3 receptor is functionally associated with cellular responses to oxidative stress and DNA damage. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11268-11313. [PMID: 31794429 PMCID: PMC6932917 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) processes, often caused by oxidative stress, are important in aging and -related disorders. We recently showed that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase interacting protein 2 (GIT2) plays a key role in both DNA damage and oxidative stress. Multiple tissue analyses in GIT2KO mice demonstrated that GIT2 expression affects the GPCR relaxin family peptide 3 receptor (RXFP3), and is thus a therapeutically-targetable system. RXFP3 and GIT2 play similar roles in metabolic aging processes. Gaining a detailed understanding of the RXFP3-GIT2 functional relationship could aid the development of novel anti-aging therapies. We determined the connection between RXFP3 and GIT2 by investigating the role of RXFP3 in oxidative stress and DDR. Analyzing the effects of oxidizing (H2O2) and DNA-damaging (camptothecin) stressors on the interacting partners of RXFP3 using Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry, we found multiple proteins linked to DDR and cell cycle control. RXFP3 expression increased in response to DNA damage, overexpression, and Relaxin 3-mediated stimulation of RXFP3 reduced phosphorylation of DNA damage marker H2AX, and repair protein BRCA1, moderating DNA damage. Our data suggests an RXFP3-GIT2 system that could regulate cellular degradation after DNA damage, and could be a novel mechanism for mitigating the rate of age-related damage accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jhana O Hendrickx
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdelkrim Azmi
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Veterinary and Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tsai CC, Chien MN, Chang YC, Lee JJ, Dai SH, Cheng SP. Overexpression of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Trimethylation Is Associated with Aggressiveness and Dedifferentiation of Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Pathol 2019; 30:305-311. [PMID: 31396854 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-019-09586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A variety of epigenetic dysregulations are observed in thyroid malignancies. EZH2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2, is upregulated in advanced thyroid cancers. EZH2 can catalyze trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and contribute to transcriptional silencing of target genes. Here, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of H3K27me3 in neoplastic and normal thyroid tissues. Normal thyroid epithelial cells typically exhibited nuclear staining of moderate intensity. A similar expression pattern was observed in nodular goiters and follicular adenomas. By contrast, strong H3K27me3 expression was evident in 80% (8/10) lymphocytic thyroiditis, 63% (80/127) papillary thyroid cancer, 41% (7/17) follicular thyroid cancer, and 73% (8/11) poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer. In differentiated thyroid cancer, strong H3K27me3 expression was associated with extrathyroidal extension (p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.029), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.006), and higher risk of recurrence (p = 0.003). Our results indicate that H3K27me3 overexpression may be implicated in aggressiveness and dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer. In addition to prognostication, the predictive value of H3K27me3 expression deserves further investigation given the recent development of epigenetic targeting agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Tsai
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Chien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ching Chang
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Jen Lee
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Han Dai
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li B, Chng WJ. EZH2 abnormalities in lymphoid malignancies: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 31752930 PMCID: PMC6868783 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which along with other PRC2 components mediates gene expression suppression via the methylation of Histone H3 at lysine 27. Recent studies have revealed a dichotomous role of EZH2 in physiology and in the pathogenesis of cancer. While it plays an essential role in the development of the lymphoid system, its deregulation, whether due to genetic or non-genetic causes, promotes B cell- and T cell-related lymphoma or leukemia. These findings triggered a boom in the development of therapeutic EZH2 inhibitors in recent years. Here, we discuss physiologic and pathogenic function of EZH2 in lymphoid context, various internal causes of EZH2 aberrance and how EZH2 modulates lymphomagenesis through epigenetic silencing, post-translational modifications (PTMs), orchestrating with surrounding tumor micro-environment and associating with RNA or viral partners. We also summarize different strategies to directly inhibit PRC2-EZH2 or to intervene EZH2 upstream signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boheng Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee KF, Tsai MM, Tsai CY, Huang CG, Ou YH, Hsieh CC, Hsieh HL, Wang CS, Lin KH. DEK Is a Potential Biomarker Associated with Malignant Phenotype in Gastric Cancer Tissues and Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5689. [PMID: 31766266 PMCID: PMC6888682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most widespread cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The discovery of novel biomarkers of oncoproteins can facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for GC treatment. In this study, we identified novel biomarkers by integrating isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), a human plasma proteome database, and public Oncomine datasets to search for aberrantly expressed oncogene-associated proteins in GC tissues and plasma. One of the most significantly upregulated biomarkers, DEK, was selected and its expression validated. Our immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n = 92) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) (n = 72) analyses disclosed a marked increase in DEK expression in tumor tissue, compared with paired nontumor mucosa. Importantly, significantly higher preoperative plasma DEK levels were detected in GC patients than in healthy controls via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In clinicopathological analysis, higher expression of DEK in both tissue and plasma was significantly associated with advanced stage and poorer survival outcomes of GC patients. Data from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis disclosed a better diagnostic accuracy of plasma DEK than carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9), and C-reactive protein (CRP), highlighting its potential as an effective plasma biomarker for GC. Plasma DEK is also more sensitive in tumor detection than the other three biomarkers. Knockdown of DEK resulted in inhibition of GC cell migration via a mechanism involving modulation of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2/MMP-9 level and vice versa. Our results collectively support plasma DEK as a useful biomarker for making diagnosis and prognosis of GC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kam-Fai Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-M.T.); (H.-L.H.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-yi 613, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.O.)
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.O.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-yi 613, Taiwan;
| | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-M.T.); (H.-L.H.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Siu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-yi 613, Taiwan;
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (Y.-H.O.)
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jiang C, Guo Q, Jin Y, Xu JJ, Sun ZM, Zhu DC, Lin JH, Tian NF, Sun LJ, Zhang XL, Wu YS. Inhibition of EZH2 ameliorates cartilage endplate degeneration and attenuates the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration via demethylation of Sox-9. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:619-629. [PMID: 31631036 PMCID: PMC6838408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cartilaginous endplate (CEP) degeneration is considered as one of the major causes of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) which causes low back pain. Recent studies have proved that epigenetic alteration is involved in a variety of diseases. This work explored the role of histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) in CEP degeneration, as well as its underlying epigenetic mechanisms, and confirmed the effect of EZH2 knockdown on delaying IVDD development. Methods Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and ChIP assay were applied to demonstrate the molecular mechanism of EZH2 in CEP tissue. The therapeutic potential of EZH2 was investigated using puncture-induced rat models. Findings The EZH2 expression was upregulated in human and rat CEP tissue. It was also found that the overexpression of EZH2 suppressed the expression of Collagen II, aggrecan and Sox-9, and promoted the expression of ADTAMTS5 and MMP13 in rat endplate chondrocytes (EPCs), which could be reversed by EZH2 silencing. The correlation between EZH2 and Sox-9 was further explored, while overexpression of Sox-9 could reverse the effect of EZH2 in rat EPCs. Moreover, inhibition of EZH2 upregulated the level of Sox-9 by demethylating H3K27me3 at Sox-9 promoter sites, revealing the regulatory mechanism of EZH2 on Sox-9. Meanwhile, puncture-induced rat models showed that EZH2 knockdown exerted a protective effect on CEP and disc degeneration. Interpretation This study reveals that EZH2 inhibition is a promising strategy for mitigating the symptoms and progression of IVDD. Funding : This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Y16H060034). Authors declare that the funders had no involvement in the study design, data analysis and interpretation of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia-Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ze-Ming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ding-Chao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia-Hao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Nai-Feng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Liao-Jun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Yao-Sen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Costa TDF, Zhuang T, Lorent J, Turco E, Olofsson H, Masia-Balague M, Zhao M, Rabieifar P, Robertson N, Kuiper R, Sjölund J, Spiess M, Hernández-Varas P, Rabenhorst U, Roswall P, Ma R, Gong X, Hartman J, Pietras K, Adams PD, Defilippi P, Strömblad S. PAK4 suppresses RELB to prevent senescence-like growth arrest in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3589. [PMID: 31399573 PMCID: PMC6689091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming cellular growth restriction, including the evasion of cellular senescence, is a hallmark of cancer. We report that PAK4 is overexpressed in all human breast cancer subtypes and associated with poor patient outcome. In mice, MMTV-PAK4 overexpression promotes spontaneous mammary cancer, while PAK4 gene depletion delays MMTV-PyMT driven tumors. Importantly, PAK4 prevents senescence-like growth arrest in breast cancer cells in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo, but is not needed in non-immortalized cells, while PAK4 overexpression in untransformed human mammary epithelial cells abrogates H-RAS-V12-induced senescence. Mechanistically, a PAK4 – RELB - C/EBPβ axis controls the senescence-like growth arrest and a PAK4 phosphorylation residue (RELB-Ser151) is critical for RELB-DNA interaction, transcriptional activity and expression of the senescence regulator C/EBPβ. These findings establish PAK4 as a promoter of breast cancer that can overcome oncogene-induced senescence and reveal a selective vulnerability of cancer to PAK4 inhibition. Oncogene induced senescence protects cells from unrestricted growth and cancer. Here, the authors show that PAK4 overrides this senescence in breast cancer cells through phosphorylation of RELB, thereby inhibiting transcription of the senescence regulator C/EBPβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia D F Costa
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Julie Lorent
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Helene Olofsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Miriam Masia-Balague
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Parisa Rabieifar
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Neil Robertson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Raoul Kuiper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sjölund
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Spiess
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pablo Hernández-Varas
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Uta Rabenhorst
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Roswall
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ran Ma
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter D Adams
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ichikawa T, Nakahata S, Fujii M, Iha H, Shimoda K, Morishita K. The regulation of NDRG2 expression during ATLL development after HTLV-1 infection. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2633-2646. [PMID: 31295529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a candidate tumor suppressor that is frequently downregulated in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and functions to negatively regulate several cellular signaling pathways as PP2A recruiter. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of suppression of NDRG2 expression, we initially determined the expression pattern of NDRG2 in various types of T-cells and ATLL cells. NDRG2 expression was significantly upregulated in HTLV-1/Tax-immortalized T-cells, which was mediated by NF-κB activation through Tax expression. On the other hand, NDRG2 expression was suppressed in HTLV-1-infected cell lines and various types of ATLL cells, which was dependent on the DNA methylation of the NDRG2 promoter. We found that the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a member of the polycomb family, is increased in ATLL, and that EZH2 directly binds to the NDRG2 promoter and induces DNA methylation of the NDRG2 promoter. Since the expression of EZH2 were anti-parallelly regulated with the NDRG2 expression, EZH2 might be one of the most important regulators of the downregulation of NDRG2, contributing to enhanced activation of signaling pathways during ATLL development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakahata
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- Division of Virology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kabacaoglu D, Ruess DA, Ai J, Algül H. NF-κB/Rel Transcription Factors in Pancreatic Cancer: Focusing on RelA, c-Rel, and RelB. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E937. [PMID: 31277415 PMCID: PMC6679104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/Rel transcription factors (TFs) is extremely cell-type-specific owing to their ability to act disparately in the context of cellular homeostasis driven by cellular fate and the microenvironment. This is also valid for tumor cells in which every single component shows heterogenic effects. Whereas many studies highlighted a per se oncogenic function for NF-κB/Rel TFs across cancers, recent advances in the field revealed their additional tumor-suppressive nature. Specifically, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as one of the deadliest malignant diseases, shows aberrant canonical-noncanonical NF-κB signaling activity. Although decades of work suggest a prominent oncogenic activity of NF-κB signaling in PDAC, emerging evidence points to the opposite including anti-tumor effects. Considering the dual nature of NF-κB signaling and how it is closely linked to many other cancer related signaling pathways, it is essential to dissect the roles of individual Rel TFs in pancreatic carcinogenesis and tumor persistency and progression. Here, we discuss recent knowledge highlighting the role of Rel TFs RelA, RelB, and c-Rel in PDAC development and maintenance. Next to providing rationales for therapeutically harnessing Rel TF function in PDAC, we compile strategies currently in (pre-)clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Kabacaoglu
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Ruess
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaoyu Ai
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jiang L, Meng W, Yu G, Yin C, Wang Z, Liao L, Meng F. MicroRNA-144 targets APP to regulate AML1/ETO + leukemia cell migration via the p-ERK/c-Myc/MMP-2 pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2034-2042. [PMID: 31423275 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary infiltration (EMI) is common in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is closely associated with the prognosis of disease. We previously reported that patients carrying the AML1/ETO (A/E) fusion gene and expressing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) tended to develop EMI, and had a poor prognosis. In the present study, the relapse-free survival (RFS) time and overall survival (OS) time were significantly lower in patients with EMI. The results demonstrated that the EMI incidence was significantly higher (P<0.05), while the RFS and OS rates were significantly lower (P<0.05), in patients with high APP expression. Kasumi-1 cells, which are A/E+, and the APP gene were used as the in vitro cell model to detect the mechanism of action in detail. Following the knockdown of APP expression, cell migration was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Furthermore, western blotting demonstrated that the protein expression of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and c-Myc was markedly reduced following interference of APP, while the expression of CXCR4 and MMP-9 was not altered. Kasumi-1 cells were co-cultured with p-ERK or c-Myc inhibitors and demonstrated that the APP/p-ERK/c-Myc/MMP-2 pathway was involved in signal transduction and regulation of cell migration. MicroRNA-144 (miR-144) mimics and transfected Kasumi-1 cells were generated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting demonstrated that miR-144 was a negative regulator of APP. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggest that miR-144 negatively targets the APP gene and regulates cell migration via the APP/p-ERK/c-Myc/MMP-2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guopan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Changxin Yin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Libin Liao
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Department of Hematology, Kang Hua Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang X, Brea LT, Yu J. Immune modulatory functions of EZH2 in the tumor microenvironment: implications in cancer immunotherapy. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2019; 7:85-91. [PMID: 31139703 PMCID: PMC6526357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb group protein EZH2, a histone methyltransferase, is the enzymatic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) that catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 methylation. They are epigenetic modifiers that mediate gene repression, or epigenetic silencing. EZH2 controls developmental regulators in embryonic stem cells and is essential for cell fate determination and transition. In the last two decades, EZH2 was reported upregulated in a variety of solid tumors, including prostate cancer, and mutated in multiple hematological malignancies, such as lymphoma. EZH2 represses the expression of a plethora of tumor suppressor genes in tumor cells, thereby promoting cell cycle, cell proliferation, and cell invasion and driving cancer progression. Recently, evidence is emerging indicating important roles of EZH2 in immune cells. Here, we review EZH2 regulation of various immune cell types, the tumor microenvironment, immune responses, and cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Lourdes T Brea
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Catizone AN, Good CR, Alexander KA, Berger SL, Sammons MA. Comparison of genotoxic versus nongenotoxic stabilization of p53 provides insight into parallel stress-responsive transcriptional networks. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:809-823. [PMID: 30966857 PMCID: PMC6527265 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1593643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is activated in response to diverse intrinsic and extrinsic cellular stresses and controls a broad cell-protective gene network. Whether p53:DNA binding and subsequent transcriptional activation differs downstream of these diverse intrinsic and extrinsic activators is controversial. Using primary human fibroblasts, we assessed the genome-wide profile of p53 binding, chromatin structure, and transcriptional dynamics after either genotoxic or nongenotoxic activation of p53. Activation of p53 by treatment with either etoposide or the small-molecule MDM2 inhibitor nutlin 3A yields strikingly similar genome-wide binding of p53 and concomitant changes to local chromatin modifications and structure. DNA damage, but not p53 activation per se, leads to increased expression of genes in an inflammatory cytokine pathway. The NF-κB pathway inhibitor Bay 11-7082 abrogates etoposide-mediated activation of the inflammation gene signature but does not affect expression of canonical p53 target genes. Our data demonstrate that differential activation of p53 within the same cell type leads to highly similar genome-wide binding, chromatin dynamics, and gene expression dynamics and that DNA damage-mediated signaling through NF-κB likely controls the observed pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Catizone
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Charly Ryan Good
- Epigenetics Institute, Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine A. Alexander
- Epigenetics Institute, Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Epigenetics Institute, Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Morgan A. Sammons
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu L, Chen J, Liu W, Liang C, Hu H, Huang J. Targeting androgen receptor-independent pathways in therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2019; 6:91-98. [PMID: 30775252 PMCID: PMC6363598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critically required for the development of prostate cancer (PCa), targeting AR axis has been the standard treatment of choice for advanced and metastatic PCa. Unfortunately, although the tumor initially responds to the therapy, treatment resistance eventually develops and the disease will progress. It is therefore imperative to identify the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and novel molecular targets that are independent of AR signaling. Recent advances in pathology, molecular biology, genetics and genomics research have revealed novel AR-independent pathways that contribute to PCa carcinogenesis and progression. They include neuroendocrine differentiation, cell metabolism, DNA damage repair pathways and immune-mediated mechanisms. The development of novel agents targeting the non-AR mechanisms holds great promise to treat PCa that does not respond to AR-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ichikawa T, Okuno Y, Sato Y, Goshima F, Yoshiyama H, Kanda T, Kimura H, Murata T. Regulation of Epstein-Barr Virus Life Cycle and Cell Proliferation by Histone H3K27 Methyltransferase EZH2 in Akata Cells. mSphere 2018; 3:e00478-18. [PMID: 30487153 DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00478-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a pivotal role in the expression of the genes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We found that de novo EBV infection of primary B cells caused moderate induction of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the major histone H3 lysine 27 (K27) methyltransferase. To investigate the role of EZH2, we knocked out the EZH2 gene in EBV-negative Akata cells by the CRISPR/Cas9 system and infected the cells with EBV, followed by selection of EBV-positive cells. During the latent state, growth of EZH2-knockout (KO) cells was significantly slower after infection compared to wild-type controls, despite similar levels of viral gene expression between cell lines. After induction of the lytic cycle by anti-IgG, KO of EZH2 caused notable induction of expression of both latent and lytic viral genes, as well as increases in both viral DNA replication and progeny production. These results demonstrate that EZH2 is crucial for the intricate epigenetic regulation of not only lytic but also latent gene expression in Akata cells.IMPORTANCE The life cycle of EBV is regulated by epigenetic modifications, such as CpG methylation and histone modifications. Here, we found that the expression of EZH2, which encodes a histone H3K27 methyltransferase, was induced by EBV infection; therefore, we generated EZH2-KO cells to investigate the role of EZH2 in EBV-infected Akata B cells. Disruption of EZH2 resulted in increased expression of EBV genes during the lytic phase and, therefore, efficient viral replication and progeny production. Our results shed light on the mechanisms underlying reactivation from an epigenetic point of view and further suggest a role for EZH2 as a form of innate immunity that restricts viral replication in infected cells.
Collapse
|
47
|
Paul A, Edwards J, Pepper C, Mackay S. Inhibitory-κB Kinase (IKK) α and Nuclear Factor-κB (NFκB)-Inducing Kinase (NIK) as Anti-Cancer Drug Targets. Cells 2018; 7:E176. [PMID: 30347849 PMCID: PMC6210445 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular kinases inhibitory-κB kinase (IKK) α and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK) are well recognised as key central regulators and drivers of the non-canonical NF-κB cascade and as such dictate the initiation and development of defined transcriptional responses associated with the liberation of p52-RelB and p52-p52 NF-κB dimer complexes. Whilst these kinases and downstream NF-κB complexes transduce pro-inflammatory and growth stimulating signals that contribute to major cellular processes, they also play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory-based conditions and diverse cancer types, which for the latter may be a result of background mutational status. IKKα and NIK, therefore, represent attractive targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, specifically in the cancer setting, we reflect on the potential pathophysiological role(s) of each of these kinases, their associated downstream signalling outcomes and the stimulatory and mutational mechanisms leading to their increased activation. We also consider the downstream coordination of transcriptional events and phenotypic outcomes illustrative of key cancer 'Hallmarks' that are now increasingly perceived to be due to the coordinated recruitment of both NF-κB-dependent as well as NF-κB⁻independent signalling. Furthermore, as these kinases regulate the transition from hormone-dependent to hormone-independent growth in defined tumour subsets, potential tumour reactivation and major cytokine and chemokine species that may have significant bearing upon tumour-stromal communication and tumour microenvironment it reiterates their potential to be drug targets. Therefore, with the emergence of small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting each of these kinases, we consider medicinal chemistry efforts to date and those evolving that may contribute to the development of viable pharmacological intervention strategies to target a variety of tumour types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Christopher Pepper
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK.
| | - Simon Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Azimi A, Kaufman KL, Ali M, Arthur J, Kossard S, Fernandez-penas P. Differential proteomic analysis of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by label-free LC–MS/MS. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
49
|
Hu XN, Wang JF, Huang YQ, Wang Z, Dong FY, Ma HF, Bao ZJ. Huperzine A attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating hepatocyte senescence and apoptosis: an in vitro study. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5145. [PMID: 29967757 PMCID: PMC6025153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was undertaken to detect if free fatty acids (FFA) induce hepatocyte senescence in L-02 cells and if huperzine A has an anti-aging effect in fatty liver cells. Methods L-02 cells were treated with a FFA mixture (oleate/palmitate, at 3:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 0:3 ratios) at different concentrations. Cell viability and fat accumulation rate were assessed by a Cell Counting Kit 8 and Nile Red staining, respectively. The mixture with the highest cell viability and fat accumulation rate was selected to continue with the following experiment. The L-02 cells were divided into five groups, including the control group, FFA group, FFA + 0.1 μmol/L huperzine A (LH) group, FFA + 1.0 μmol/L huperzine A (MH) group and FFA + 10 μmol/L huperzine A (HH) group, and were cultured for 24 h. The expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) was detected by an SA-β-gal staining kit. The expression levels of aging genes were measured by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of apoptosis proteins were detected by a Western blot. ELISA kits were used to detect inflammatory factors and oxidative stress products. The expression of nuclear factor (NF-κB) and IκBα were detected by immunofluorescence. Results The FFA mixture (oleate/palmitate, at a 2:1 ratio) of 0.5 mmol/L had the highest cell viability and fat accumulation rate, which was preferable for establishing an in vitro fatty liver model. The expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) and oxidants Malonaldehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased in the L-02 fatty liver cells. The expression levels of aging markers and aging genes, such as SA-β-gal, p16, p21, p53 and pRb, increased more in the L-02 fatty liver cells than in the L-02 cells. The total levels of the apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl2, Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, CyCt and cleaved caspase 9 were also upregulated in the L-02 fatty liver cells. All of the above genes and proteins were downregulated in the huperzine A and FFA co-treatment group. In the L-02 fatty liver cells, the expression of IκBα decreased, while the expression of NF-κB increased. After the huperzine A and FFA co-treatment, the expression of IκBα increased, while the expression of NF-κB decreased. Conclusion Fatty liver cells showed an obvious senescence and apoptosis phenomenon. Huperzine A suppressed hepatocyte senescence, and it might exert its anti-aging effect via the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao-Feng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Fen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway is a critical regulator of immune responses and is often dysregulated in cancer. Two NF-κB pathways have been described to mediate these responses, the canonical and the noncanonical. While understudied compared to the canonical NF-κB pathway, noncanonical NF-κB and its components have been shown to have effects, usually protumorigenic, in many different cancer types. Here, we review noncanonical NF-κB pathways and discuss its important roles in promoting cancer. We also discuss alternative NF-κB-independent functions of some the components of noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Finally, we discuss important crosstalk between canonical and noncanonical signaling, which blurs the two pathways, indicating that understanding the full picture of NF-κB regulation is critical to deciphering how this broad pathway promotes oncogenesis.
Collapse
|