1
|
Wang Y, Chen Y, Lin W, Huang M, Xu Y, Chen G. Inflammatory markers in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1134678. [PMID: 37114011 PMCID: PMC10127118 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1134678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate serum inflammatory markers of YKL-40, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8(IL-8), Interleukin-10(IL-10), TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-α), and CRP (C-reactive protein) in children with and without OSAS. Methods The ELISA technique has been used to identify the concentration of inflammatory markers such as YKL-40, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and CRP in the serum of 83 children with OSAS and 83 children without OSAS. Results Serum levels of YKL-40, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were found to be increased in children with OSAS. YKL-40 was found to be positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-8, and negatively correlated with IL-10. At the same time,YKL-40 was also found to be positively correlated with OAHI and LoSpO2% in OSAS group. IL-8 was positively correlated with OAHI whereas IL-10 was positively correlated with LoSpO2. Conclusion Children with OSAS are in a systemic inflammatory state. YKL-40 together with IL-8 may act as serum inflammatory markers and provide an indication for the diagnosis of children with OSAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingge Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Sleep Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Correspondence: Yingge Wang Yuanteng Xu Guohao Chen
| | - Ying Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiaman, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Sleep Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Sleep Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanteng Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Sleep Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Correspondence: Yingge Wang Yuanteng Xu Guohao Chen
| | - Guohao Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Sleep Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Correspondence: Yingge Wang Yuanteng Xu Guohao Chen
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Francesco AM, Verrecchia E, Manna S, Urbani A, Manna R. The chitinases as biomarkers in immune-mediate diseases. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022:cclm-2022-0767. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The role of chitinases has been focused as potential biomarkers in a wide number of inflammatory diseases, in monitoring active disease state, and predicting prognosis and response to therapies. The main chitinases, CHIT1 and YKL-40, are derived from 18 glycosyl hydrolases macrophage activation and play important roles in defense against chitin-containing pathogens and in food processing. Moreover, chitinases may have organ- as well as cell-specific effects in the context of infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders and able to induce tissue remodelling. The CHIT1 measurement is an easy, reproducible, reliable, and cost-effective affordable assay. The clinical use of CHIT1 for the screening of lysosomal storage disorders is quite practical, when proper cut-off values are determined for each laboratory. The potential of CHIT1 and chitinases has not been fully explored yet and future studies will produce many surprising discoveries in the immunology and allergology fields of research. However, since the presence of a null CHIT1 gene in a subpopulation would be responsible of false-negative values, the assay should be completed with the other markers such ACE and, if necessary, by genetic analysis when CHIT1 is unexpected low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Di Francesco
- Periodic Fever and Rare Diseases Research Centre, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Elena Verrecchia
- Periodic Fever and Rare Diseases Research Centre, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Manna
- Periodic Fever and Rare Diseases Research Centre, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Policlinico A. Gemelli Foundation IRCCS , Rome , Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Policlinico A. Gemelli Foundation IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Raffaele Manna
- Periodic Fever and Rare Diseases Research Centre, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Policlinico A. Gemelli Foundation IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lechner A, Bohnacker S, Esser-von Bieren J. Macrophage regulation & function in helminth infection. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101526. [PMID: 34802871 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells with essential roles in host defense, inflammation, immune regulation and repair. During infection with multicellular helminth parasites, macrophages contribute to pathogen trapping and killing as well as to tissue repair and the resolution of type 2 inflammation. Macrophages produce a broad repertoire of effector molecules, including enzymes, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that govern anti-helminth immunity and repair of parasite-induced tissue damage. Helminth infection and the associated type 2 immune response induces an alternatively activated macrophage (AAM) phenotype that - beyond driving host defense - prevents aberrant Th2 cell activation and type 2 immunopathology. The immune regulatory potential of macrophages is exploited by helminth parasites that induce the production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 10 or prostaglandin E2 to evade host immunity. Here, we summarize current insights into the mechanisms of macrophage-mediated host defense and repair during helminth infection and highlight recent progress on the immune regulatory crosstalk between macrophages and helminth parasites. We also point out important remaining questions such as the translation of findings from murine models to human settings of helminth infection as well as long-term consequences of helminth-induced macrophage reprogramming for subsequent host immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonie Lechner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Sina Bohnacker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen W, Jiang X, Yang Q. Glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinases: The known and the unknown. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Precision medicine could help to improve diagnosis and treatment of asthma; however, in the tropics there are special conditions to be considered for applying this strategy. In this review, we analyze recent advances of precision allergology in tropical regions, highlighting its limitations and needs in high-admixed populations living under environments with high exposure to house dust mites and helminth infections. RECENT FINDINGS Advances have been made regarding the genetic characterization of the great diversity of populations living in the tropics. Genes involved in shared biological pathways between immune responses to nematodes and the allergic responses suggested new mechanisms of predisposition. Genome wide association studies of asthma are progressively focusing on some highly replicated genes such as those in chromosome 17q31-13, which have been also replicated in African ancestry populations. Some diagnostic difficulties, because of the endemicity of helminth infections, are now more evident in the context of phenotype definition. SUMMARY The clinical impact of the advances in precision medicine for asthma in the tropics is still limited and mainly related to component resolved diagnosis. More basic and clinical research is needed to identify genetic, epigenetic, or other biologic markers that allow and accurate definition of phenotypes and endotypes of this heterogeneous disease. This will substantially improve the selection of personalized treatments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chimponda TN, Mduluza T. Inflammation during Schistosoma haematobium infection and anti-allergy in pre-school-aged children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:618-623. [PMID: 31990094 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies and autoimmune disorders are less prevalent in areas where parasitic infections are abundant. The relationship between schistosomiasis, Chitinase 3-Like 1 protein (YKL-40), an inflammatory marker, and antinuclear antibodies (ANA), an allergy marker, was investigated in pre-school-aged children (1-5 years old) living in an area endemic to Schistosoma haematobium infection. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 145 participants, 66 females and 79 males. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed using the urine filtration technique. Levels of YKL-40 and antinuclear antibodies concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 21.4 % (n = 31) with 114 not infected, 18 with light and 13 with moderate infections. YKL-40 levels were higher in the S. haematobium-infected group than in the uninfected group (P = 0.038). However, S. haematobium infection intensity did not correlate with YKL-40 levels. ANA levels were significantly higher in uninfected children than in infected children (P = 0.028). There was a significant inverse relationship between ANA levels and schistosome infection intensity (r = -0.225, P = 0.016). The correlation between ANA levels and YKL-40 levels was not significant. CONCLUSION Inflammatory marker in pre-school-aged children living in an area endemic for schistosomiasis indicate YKL-40 as a possible biomarker of S. haematobium infection in pre-school-aged children, warranting further investigations in a longitudinal study. The study gives an insight into allergy as ANA levels were higher in schistosome-uninfected than infected participants, further studies on allergies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chimponda TN, Mushayi C, Osakunor DNM, Vengesai A, Enwono E, Amanfo S, Murray J, Tshuma C, Mutapi F, Mduluza T. Elevation of C-reactive protein, P-selectin and Resistin as potential inflammatory biomarkers of urogenital Schistosomiasis exposure in preschool children. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1071. [PMID: 31856765 PMCID: PMC6924053 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is known to induce inflammatory immune responses. C-reactive protein (CRP), resistin and P-selectin are serological inflammatory markers that rise during the acute stages of infection. Here, we propose such inflammatory biomarkers have a potential for use in urogenital schistosomiasis diagnostic screening for exposure and infection in preschool-aged children. Methods As part of a larger study on urogenital schistosomiasis, 299 preschool children aged 1–5 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Parasitological diagnosis was conducted using urine filtration for Schistosoma haemtobium infection, and Kato Katz for S. mansoni infection. Serum levels of P-selectin, resistin, CRP, and antibodies against S. haematobium cercarial antigen preparation (CAP) and soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) were measured by ELISA. Results Of the 299 participants, 14% were egg positive for S. haematobium. Serology showed 46 and 9% of the participants to have been exposed to S. haematobium cercarial antigens and adult worm antigens, respectively. Levels of P-selectin were significantly higher in participants infected with S. haematobium (egg-positive) than in uninfected participants (p = 0.001). Levels of P-selectin were also higher in those exposed to cercarial antigen than in unexposed participants (p = 0.019). There was a positive correlation between P-selectin and infection intensity (r = 0.172; p = 0.002), as well as with IgM responses to CAP and SWAP (r = 0.183; p = 0.001); (r = 0.333; p < 0.0001) respectively. CRP significantly correlated with IgM responses to CAP (r = 0.133; p = 0.029) while resistin correlated with IgM responses to CAP and SWAP (r = 0.127; p = 0.016); (r = 0.197; p = 0.0004). CRP levels were higher in those exposed to cercarial and adult worm antigens than unexposed participants (p = 0.035); (p = 0.002) respectively, while resistin was higher in participants exposed to cercarial antigen than unexposed participants (p = 0.024). Conclusion In this preschool population, P-selectin is significantly associated with urogenital schistosome infection and intensity; hence a potential biomarker for infection diagnosis and disease monitoring. The inflammatory biomarkers (P-selectin, Resistin and CRP) were significantly higher in participants exposed to cercarial antigens than unexposed individuals indicating an underlying inflammatory environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa N Chimponda
- University of Zimbabwe, Biochemistry Department, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Caroline Mushayi
- Mashonaland Central Provincial Health Office, Ministry of Health & Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Derick N M Osakunor
- Statistics Department, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Arthur Vengesai
- University of Zimbabwe, Biochemistry Department, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Eyoh Enwono
- Statistics Department, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Seth Amanfo
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Building Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janice Murray
- Statistics Department, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cremance Tshuma
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francisca Mutapi
- Statistics Department, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- University of Zimbabwe, Biochemistry Department, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease caused by the trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, affects approximately 207 million people worldwide. Among the five main species infecting humans, Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum are responsible for the majority of hepatointestinal schistosomiasis. Human settlements near fresh water sites that lack proper sanitary systems often contribute to the transmission of disease. This risk particularly impacts on travellers or immigrants who come into contact with larvae-contaminated water. This review discusses the central features of schistosomiasis; including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments, and the preventive measures available for the control of this disease. The description of the Malaysian schistosome species Schistosoma malayensis and the current status of schistosomiasis in Malaysia including the compilation of cases diagnosed from 1904 to 2015 are also discussed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candy Chuah
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Baha Latif
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chong Chin Heo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Pathology, Laboratory & Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Level 4, Academic Building, Faculty of Medicine, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Z, Lu H, Gu J, Liu J, Zhu Q, Lu Y, Wang X. Chitinase 3-Like-1-Deficient Splenocytes Deteriorated the Pathogenesis of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease via Regulating Differentiation of Tfh Cells. Inflammation 2018; 40:1576-1588. [PMID: 28656528 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is an intractable complication in transplant patients, limiting the efficacy of this therapy. Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1), a member of the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family that lacks chitinase activity, plays a critical role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of CHI3L1 on the development of aGVHD. In this study, mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) in vitro showed that CHI3L1 deficiency in CD4+ T cell promoted the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and T follicular helper (Tfh)-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-21 (IL-21). Meanwhile, the inducible Tfh cell population increased remarkably in CHI3L1-KO CD4+ T cells' induction group, compared with WT group. Then, in the murine acute GVHD model, we found that CHI3L1 deficiency in donor splenocytes dramatically increased the severity of aGVHD through enhancing Tfh cell differentiation. Moreover, at mRNA and protein levels, we defined several molecules that may account for the enhanced ability of CHI3L1-KO splenocytes to migrate into target organs and produce IFN-γ and Tfh-related cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-21, and CXCL13. Expression of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) increased in the skin, the intestine, the lung, and the liver from CHI3L1-KO splenocyte-treated aGVHD mice. Therefore, these results strongly imply that CHI3L1 levels in donor cells may be related to the risk of aGVHD and targeting CHI3L1 represents a novel therapeutic strategy for controlling aGVHD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengyao Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sutherland TE. Chitinase-like proteins as regulators of innate immunity and tissue repair: helpful lessons for asthma? Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:141-51. [PMID: 29351964 DOI: 10.1042/BST20170108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) belong to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 of proteins. Chitinases are expressed in mammals and lower organisms, facilitate chitin degradation, and hence act as host-defence enzymes. Gene duplication and loss-of-function mutations of enzymatically active chitinases have resulted in the expression of a diverse range of CLPs across different species. CLPs are genes that are increasingly associated with inflammation and tissue remodelling not only in mammals but also across distant species. While the focus has remained on understanding the functions and expression patterns of CLPs during disease in humans, studies in mouse and lower organisms have revealed important and overlapping roles of the CLP family during physiology, host defence and pathology. This review will summarise recent insights into the regulatory functions of CLPs on innate immune pathways and discuss how these effects are not only important for host defence and tissue injury/repair after pathogen invasion, but also how they have extensive implications for pathological processes involved in diseases such as asthma.
Collapse
|
11
|
Patel S, Goyal A. Chitin and chitinase: Role in pathogenicity, allergenicity and health. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:331-338. [PMID: 28093332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a polysaccharide with particular abundance in fungi, nematodes and arthropods is immunogenic. It acts as a threat to other organisms, to tackle which they have been endowed with chitinase enzyme. Even if this enzyme is not present in all organisms, they possess proteins having chitin-binding domain(s) (ChtBD). Many lethal viruses like Ebola, and HCV (Hepatitis C virus) have these domains to manipulate their carriers and target organisms. In keeping with the basic rule of survival, the self-origin (own body component) chitins and chitinases are protective, but that of non-self origin (from other organisms) are detrimental to health. The exogenous chitins and chitinases provoke human innate immunity to generate a deluge of inflammatory cytokines, which injure organs (leading to asthma, atopic dermatitis etc.), and in persistent situations lead to death (multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE), cancer, etc.). Unfortunately, chitin-chitinase-stimulated hypersensitivity is a common cause of occupational allergy. On the other hand, chitin, and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are increasingly proving useful in pharmaceutical, agriculture, and biocontrol applications. This critical review discusses the complex nexus of chitin and chitinase and assesses both their pathogenic as well as utilitarian aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Arun Goyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Duvanova OV, Mishankin BN, Romanova LV, Titova SV. VIBRIO CHOLERAE CHITINOLYTIC COMPLEX: THE COMPOSITION AND THE ROLE IN PERSISTANCE. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 2016. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-94-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Reviewed the paper are the composition and functions of Vibrio cholerae chitinolytic complex which play an important role in the maintaining and creating new forms of vibrios in the environment, it is better adapted to survive in environmental.
Collapse
|
13
|
Appleby LJ, Nausch N, Erskine L, Bourke CD, Rujeni N, Midzi N, Mduluza T, Mutapi F. CD16 expression on monocytes in healthy individuals but not schistosome-infected patients is positively associated with levels of parasite-specific IgG and IgG1. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3049. [PMID: 25101623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human IgG1 antibody responses are associated with protection against Schistosoma haematobium infection and are now a target for schistosome vaccine development. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total IgG and the IgG subclasses and the monocyte IgG receptor, known as FcγRIIIa or CD16, in schistosome exposed people. Systemic levels of schistosome-specific anti-adult worm total IgG and IgG subclass titres were measured by ELISA in 100 individuals from an S. haematobium endemic area in Zimbabwe and, using parametric statistical methods and regression analysis, related to the levels of CD16 expression on individuals' circulating monocytes, determined via flow cytometry. Monocyte CD16 expression rose with parasite-specific total IgG and IgG1 in healthy participants, but not in schistosome infected patients. Similar to parasite-specific IgG and IgG1, CD16 expression in healthy individuals is associated with protection against schistosome infection. This relationship indicates a mechanistic link between the innate and adaptive immune responses to helminth infection in protection against infection. Further understanding the elements of a protective immune response in schistosomiasis may aid in efforts to develop a protective vaccine against this disease. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the parasite Schistosoma spp. Over 240 million people are infected worldwide, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, but an efficacious, protective vaccine has yet to be found. Protection against schistosome infection in individuals living in endemic areas is mediated by antibodies. In particular, IgG1 antibody has been shown to be protective against infection in individuals living in endemic areas, and eliciting IgG1 production has become a cornerstone of vaccine development efforts. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which IgG1 induces protection. The cell surface molecule CD16 is an IgG antibody receptor expressed on monocytes and binds preferentially to IgG antibody subclasses. The work presented here thus investigates the relationship between IgG levels and the monocyte CD16 receptor in a population endemically exposed to infection with schistosomes. We present results linking CD16 expression with IgG1 levels, whereby uninfected individuals have a positive relationship between IgG1 and CD16 expression levels, while schistosome infected individuals did not show any statistically significant relationship between the two. Thus we provide evidence to suggest a mechanistic link between the innate and adaptive immune response in parasitic infection, associating monocyte CD16 expression with a protective immune response.
Collapse
|
14
|
Erdman LK, Petes C, Lu Z, Dhabangi A, Musoke C, Cserti-Gazdewich CM, Lee CG, Liles WC, Elias JA, Kain KC. Chitinase 3-like 1 is induced by Plasmodium falciparum malaria and predicts outcome of cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia in a case-control study of African children. Malar J 2014; 13:279. [PMID: 25047113 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe and fatal malaria are associated with dysregulated host inflammatory responses to infection. Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein implicated in regulating immune responses. Expression and function of CHI3L1 in malaria infection were investigated. Methods Plasma levels of CHI3L1 were quantified in a case–control study of Ugandan children presenting with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. CHI3L1 levels were compared in children with uncomplicated malaria (UM; n = 53), severe malarial anaemia (SMA; n = 59) and cerebral malaria (CM; n = 44) using the Kruskall Wallis-test, and evaluated for utility in predicting fatal (n = 23) versus non-fatal (n = 80) outcomes in severe disease using the Mann Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curves, and combinatorial analysis. Co-culture of P. falciparum with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the Plasmodium berghei ANKA experimental model of cerebral malaria were used to examine the role of CHI3L1 in severe malaria. Results In children presenting with falciparum malaria, CHI3L1 levels were increased in SMA and CM versus UM (p < 0.001). Among severe malaria cases, CHI3L1 levels at presentation predicted subsequent death (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.84 [95% CI 0.76-0.92]) and in combination with other host biomarkers, predicted mortality with high sensitivity (100% [85.7-100]) and specificity (81.3% [71.3-88.3]). Plasmodium falciparum stimulated CHI3L1 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. CHI3L1 was increased in plasma and brain tissue in experimental cerebral malaria, but targeted Chi3l1 deletion did not alter cytokine production or survival in this model. Conclusions These data suggest that plasma CHI3L1 measured at presentation correlates with malaria severity and predicts outcome in paediatric SMA and CM, but do not support a causal role for CHI3L1 in cerebral malaria pathobiology in the model tested.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bribeche MR, Fedotov VP, Gladichev VV, Pukhalskaya DM, Kolitcheva NL. Clinical and experimental assessment of the effects of a new topical treatment with praziquantel in the management of rosacea. Int J Dermatol 2014; 54:481-7. [PMID: 25040098 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosacea is a common, chronic, and inflammatory skin disease. The burden imposed by this condition requires that new topical treatments be sought to enlarge the arsenal of drugs available in order to better manage this disease. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to carry out an in vitro/in vivo evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of 3% praziquantel (PZQ) ointment and to determine its efficacy and safety in the treatment of rosacea. METHODS Patients with rosacea (n = 65) participated in a 16-week, randomized, single-blind pilot study of the effects of twice-daily monotherapy with 3% PZQ ointment vs. placebo (vehicle ointment). Efficacy was assessed clinically using the Investigator's Global Assessment Scale (IGAS) and the Clinical Erythema Assessment Scale (CEAS). Patients' quality of life was also determined using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The antimicrobial potential of 3% PZQ ointment was assessed by agar diffusion assay. RESULTS Scores on the IGAS and CEAS showed PZQ ointment to have a statistically significant therapeutic advantage over the placebo treatment (P < 0.001). At week 16, the PZQ group demonstrated a statistically significant greater reduction in CEAS score than the placebo group (P < 0.001). Analysis of CEAS scores showed that 41.9% of patients in the PZQ group and 18.2% of those in the placebo group achieved a CEAS score equivalent to a rating of "none". Mean scores on the DLQI at baseline and at the end of the study were, respectively, 15.8 and 4.1 in the praziquantel group. The PZQ-treated group also experienced a statistically significant improvement in comparison with the placebo group at week 16 (P < 0.001). The inhibitory zone indicating the extent of antimicrobial activity of 3% PZQ ointment ranged from 6 mm to 17 mm. No serious treatment-related adverse events occurred in either treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Use of 3% PZQ ointment twice daily for 12 weeks resulted in significantly better effects than a placebo treatment in improving rosacea and the patient's quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ridha Bribeche
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zaporozhye State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Otterdal K, Janardhanan J, Astrup E, Ueland T, Prakash JA, Lekva T, Abraham OC, Thomas K, Damås JK, Mathews P, Mathai D, Aukrust P, Varghese GM. Increased endothelial and macrophage markers are associated with disease severity and mortality in scrub typhus. J Infect 2014; 69:462-9. [PMID: 24995849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scrub typhus is endemic in the Asia-Pacific region. Mortality is high even with treatment, and further knowledge of the immune response during this infection is needed. This study was aimed at comparing plasma levels of monocyte/macrophage and endothelial related inflammatory markers in patients and controls in South India and to explore a possible correlation to disease severity and clinical outcome. METHODS Plasma levels of ALCAM, VCAM-1, sCD163, sCD14, YKL-40 and MIF were measured in scrub typhus patients (n = 129), healthy controls (n = 31) and in infectious disease controls (n = 31), both in the acute phase and after recovery, by enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS Patients had markedly elevated levels of all mediators in the acute phase, differing from both healthy and infectious disease controls. During follow-up levels of ALCAM, VCAM-1, sCD14 and YKL-40 remained elevated compared to levels in healthy controls. High plasma ALCAM, VCAM-1, sCD163, sCD14, and MIF, and in particular YKL-40 were all associated with disease severity and ALCAM, sCD163, MIF and especially YKL-40, were associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that scrub typhus is characterized by elevated levels of monocyte/macrophage and endothelial related markers. These inflammatory markers, and in particular YKL-40, may contribute to disease severity and clinical outcome.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bribeche MR, Fedotov VP, Jillella A, Gladichev VV, Pukhalskaya DM. Topical praziquantel as a new treatment for perioral dermatitis: results of a randomized vehicle-controlled pilot study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 39:448-53. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Bribeche
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Zaparozhye Medical State University; Zaparozhye Ukraine
| | - V. P. Fedotov
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Zaparozhye Medical State University; Zaparozhye Ukraine
| | - A. Jillella
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Zaparozhye Medical State University; Zaparozhye Ukraine
| | - V. V. Gladichev
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; Zaporozhye Medical State University; Zaporozhye Ukraine
| | - D. M. Pukhalskaya
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; Zaporozhye Medical State University; Zaporozhye Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prakash M, Bodas M, Prakash D, Nawani N, Khetmalas M, Mandal A, Eriksson C. Diverse pathological implications of YKL-40: Answers may lie in ‘outside-in’ signaling. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1567-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|