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Ribeiro JR, Roca TP, Cartonilho GDS, Passos-Silva AM, Moreira HM, Teixeira KS, da Silva ALF, Lugtenburg CAB, dos Santos AO, Villalobos Salcedo JM, do Nascimento VA, de Souza VC, Roque RA, Krieger MA, Naveca FG, Rampazzo RDCP, Vieira DS. DENV-2 Outbreak Associated With Cosmopolitan Genotype Emergence in Western Brazilian Amazon. Bioinform Biol Insights 2024; 18:11779322241251581. [PMID: 38737722 PMCID: PMC11088811 DOI: 10.1177/11779322241251581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) causes an important disease and directly affects public health, being the arbovirus that presents the highest number of infections and deaths in the Western Brazilian Amazon. This virus is divided into 4 serotypes that have already circulated in the region. Methodology Molecular characterization of a cohort containing 841 samples collected from febrile patients between 2021 and 2023 was analyzed using a commercial kit to detect the main arboviruses circulating in Brazil: Zika, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4 and, Chikungunya. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was performed for positive samples. Results The cohort detected 162 positive samples, 12 for DENV-1 and 150 identified as DENV-2, indicating co-circulation of serotypes. The samples were subjected to sequencing and the analysis of the sequences that obtained good quality revealed that 5 samples belonged to the V genotype of DENV-1 and 46 were characterized as DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype-lineage 5. Conclusion The results allowed us to identify for the first time the Cosmopolitan genotype in Rondônia, Brazilian Western Amazon, and its fast spread dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessiane Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia—Fiocruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental—INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Tárcio Peixoto Roca
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental—INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gleense dos Santos Cartonilho
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia—Fiocruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental—INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia—UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Ana Maísa Passos-Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia—Fiocruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental—INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia—UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Hillquias Monteiro Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia—Fiocruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental—INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia—UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Karolaine Santos Teixeira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia—Fiocruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental—INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia—Fiocruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental—INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia—UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor Costa de Souza
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz do Amazonas, ILMD, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz do Amazonas, ILMD, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Deusilene Souza Vieira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia—Fiocruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental—INCT-EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia—UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho, Brazil
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Leandro ADS, Pires-Vieira LH, Lopes RD, Rivas AV, Amaral C, Silva I, Maciel-de-Freitas R, Chiba de Castro WA. Optimising the surveillance of Aedes aegypti in Brazil by selecting smaller representative areas within an endemic city. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:414-423. [PMID: 38469931 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arboviruses, such as dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV), constitute a growing urban public health threat. Focusing on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, their primary vectors, is crucial for mitigation. While traditional immature-stage mosquito surveillance has limitations, capturing adult mosquitoes through traps yields more accurate data on disease transmission. However, deploying traps presents logistical and financial challenges, demonstrating effective temporal predictions but lacking spatial accuracy. Our goal is to identify smaller representative areas within cities to enhance the early warning system for DENV outbreaks. METHODS We created Sentinel Geographic Units (SGUs), smaller areas of 1 km2 within each stratum, larger areas, with the aim of aligning the Trap Positivity Index (TPI) and Adult Density Index (ADI) with their respective strata. We conducted a two-step evaluation of SGUs. First, we examined the equivalence of TPI and ADI between SGUs and strata from January 2017 to July 2022. Second, we assessed the ability of SGU's TPI and ADI to predict DENV outbreaks in comparison to Foz do Iguaçu's Early-Warning System, which forecasts outbreaks up to 4 weeks ahead. Spatial and temporal analyses were carried out, including data interpolation and model selection based on Akaike information criteria (AIC). RESULTS Entomological indicators produced in small SGUs can effectively replace larger sentinel areas to access dengue outbreaks. Based on historical data, the best predictive capability is achieved 2 weeks after infestation verification. Implementing the SGU strategy with more frequent sampling can provide more precise space-time estimates and enhance dengue control. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of SGUs offers an efficient way to monitor mosquito populations, reducing the need for extensive resources. This approach has the potential to improve dengue transmission management and enhance the public health response in endemic cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- André de Souza Leandro
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Defante Lopes
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Açucena Veleh Rivas
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis at Hospital Ministro Costa Cavalcanti, Itaiguapy Foundation, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Amaral
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isaac Silva
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Foz do Iguaçu, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wagner A Chiba de Castro
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Scott VK, Pinheiro MSN, Machado MMT, Castro MC. Acceptability of a hypothetical dengue vaccine and the potential impact of dengue vaccination on personal vector control behavior: a qualitative study in Fortaleza, Brazil. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2408. [PMID: 38049772 PMCID: PMC10694889 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is the most rapidly spreading viral vector-borne disease in the world. Promising new dengue vaccines have contributed to a growing consensus that effective dengue control will require integrated strategies of vaccination and vector control. In this qualitative study, we explored the perspectives of residents of Fortaleza, Brazil on acceptability of a hypothetical safe and effective dengue vaccine, specific drivers of dengue vaccine acceptance or hesitance, and the expected impact of dengue vaccination on their personal vector control practices. METHODS A total of 43 in-depth interviews were conducted from April to June 2022 with Fortaleza residents from a diverse range of educational and professional backgrounds, with and without recent personal experiences of symptomatic dengue infections. Data were analyzed using the principles of inductive grounded theory methodology. RESULTS Our findings indicate that knowledge of dengue transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods was strong across respondents. Respondents described willingness to accept a hypothetical dengue vaccine for themselves and their children, while emphasizing that the vaccine must be demonstrably safe and effective. Respondents expressed diverse perspectives on how receiving a safe and effective dengue vaccine might influence their personal vector control behaviors, relating these behaviors to their perception of risk from other Aedes mosquito-carried infections and beliefs about the role of vector control in maintaining household cleanliness. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings provide community-level perspectives on dengue vaccination and its potential impact on personal vector control behavior for policymakers and program managers in Fortaleza to consider as new dengue vaccines become available. With the introduction of any new dengue vaccine, community perspectives and emerging concerns that may drive vaccine hesitancy should be continuously sought out. Improved urban infrastructure and efforts to engage individuals and communities in vector control may be needed to optimize the impact of future dengue vaccinations and prevent rising cases of other arboviruses such as Zika and chikungunya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie K Scott
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Marcia C Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
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Pavani J, Bastos LS, Moraga P. Joint spatial modeling of the risks of co-circulating mosquito-borne diseases in Ceará, Brazil. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2023; 47:100616. [PMID: 38042535 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and chikungunya have been co-circulating in the Americas, causing great damage to the population. In 2021, for instance, almost 1.5 million cases were reported on the continent, being Brazil the responsible for most of them. Even though they are transmitted by the same mosquito, it remains unclear whether there exists a relationship between both diseases. In this paper, we model the geographic distributions of dengue and chikungunya over the years 2016 to 2021 in the Brazilian state of Ceará. We use a Bayesian hierarchical spatial model for the joint analysis of two arboviruses that includes spatial covariates as well as specific and shared spatial effects that take into account the potential autocorrelation between the two diseases. Our findings allow us to identify areas with high risk of one or both diseases. Only 7% of the areas present high relative risk for both diseases, which suggests a competition between viruses. This study advances the understanding of the geographic patterns and the identification of risk factors of dengue and chikungunya being able to help health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pavani
- Department of Statistics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Leonardo S Bastos
- Scientific Computing Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Moraga
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Gardini Sanches Palasio R, Marques Moralejo Bermudi P, Luiz de Lima Macedo F, Reis Santana LM, Chiaravalloti-Neto F. Zika, chikungunya and co-occurrence in Brazil: space-time clusters and associated environmental-socioeconomic factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18026. [PMID: 37865641 PMCID: PMC10590386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya and Zika have been neglected as emerging diseases. This study aimed to analyze the space-time patterns of their occurrence and co-occurrence and their associated environmental and socioeconomic factors. Univariate (individually) and multivariate (co-occurrence) scans were analyzed for 608,388 and 162,992 cases of chikungunya and Zika, respectively. These occurred more frequently in the summer and autumn. The clusters with the highest risk were initially located in the northeast, dispersed to the central-west and coastal areas of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (2018-2021), and then increased in the northeast (2019-2021). Chikungunya and Zika demonstrated decreasing trends of 13% and 40%, respectively, whereas clusters showed an increasing trend of 85% and 57%, respectively. Clusters with a high co-occurrence risk have been identified in some regions of Brazil. High temperatures are associated with areas at a greater risk of these diseases. Chikungunya was associated with low precipitation levels, more urbanized environments, and places with greater social inequalities, whereas Zika was associated with high precipitation levels and low sewage network coverage. In conclusion, to optimize the surveillance and control of chikungunya and Zika, this study's results revealed high-risk areas with increasing trends and priority months and the role of socioeconomic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gardini Sanches Palasio
- Laboratory of Spatial Analysis in Health (LAES), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Marques Moralejo Bermudi
- Laboratory of Spatial Analysis in Health (LAES), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz de Lima Macedo
- Epidemiological Surveillance Center (CVE) Prof. Alexandre Vranjac, Coordination of Disease Control, Health Department of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidia Maria Reis Santana
- Epidemiological Surveillance Center (CVE) Prof. Alexandre Vranjac, Coordination of Disease Control, Health Department of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Chiaravalloti-Neto
- Laboratory of Spatial Analysis in Health (LAES), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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de Mendonça MFS, Silva APDSC, Lacerda HR. A spatial analysis of co-circulating dengue and chikungunya virus infections during an epidemic in a region of Northeastern Brazil. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2023; 46:100589. [PMID: 37500226 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe, through spatial analysis, the cases of arboviruses (dengue and chikungunya), including deaths, during the first epidemic after the circulation of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. This was an ecological study in both Pernambuco and the state capital, Recife, from 2015 to 2018. The odds ratios (OR) were estimated, and the statistical significance was considered p≤0.05. For the spatial analysis, Kulldorff's space-time scan statistics method was adopted to identify spatial clusters and to provide the relative risk (RR). In order to assess the significance at a level of p < 0.01 of the model, the number of Monte Carlo replications was 999 times. To perform the scan statistics we used the Poisson probability model, with a circular scanning window; annual temporal precision and retrospective analysis. A total of 227 deaths and 158,728 survivors from arboviruses was reported during the study period, with 100 deaths from dengue and 127 from CHIKV. The proportion of deaths from dengue was 0.08% and from chikungunya was 0.35%. The proportion of all those infected (deaths plus survivors) with dengue was 77.42% and with chikungunya was 22.58%. Children aged 0 to 9 years were around 3 times more likely to die than the reference group (OR 2.84; CI95% 1.16-5.00). From the age of 40, the chances of death increased significantly: 40-49 (OR 2.52; CI95% 1.19-5.29), 50-59 (OR 5.55; CI95% 2.76-11.17) and 60 or more (OR 14.90; CI95% 7.79-28.49). Males were approximately twice as likely to die as females (OR 1.77; CI95% 1.36-2.30). White-skinned people were less likely to die compared to non-white (OR 0.60; CI95% 0.41-0.87). The space-time analysis of prevalence in the state of Pernambuco revealed the presence of four clusters in the years 2015 and 2016, highlighting the Metropolitan Macro-region with a relative risk=4 and the Agreste and Hinterland macro-regions with a relative risk=3.3. The spatial distribution of the death rate in the municipality of Recife smoothed by the local empirical Bayesian estimator enabled a special pattern to be identified in the southwest and northeast of the municipality. The spatiotemporal analysis of the death rate revealed the presence of two clusters in the year 2015. In the primary cluster, it may be noted that the aforementioned aggregate presented a RR=7.2, and the secondary cluster presented a RR=6.0. The spatiotemporal analysis with Kulldorff's space-time scan statistics method, proved viable in identifying the risk areas for the occurrence of arboviruses, and could be included in surveillance routines so as to optimize prevention strategies during future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Franklin Salvador de Mendonça
- Departamento de Medicina TropicalPrograma de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bloco A Térreo, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Priscila de Santana Cabral Silva
- Centro Acadêmico Vitória, Núcleo de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Ramos Lacerda
- Departamento de Medicina TropicalPrograma de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bloco A Térreo, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Menezes RC, Ferreira IBB, Rosier GL, Villalva-Serra K, Campos VMS, Passos BBS, Argolo JVS, Santana GC, Garcia SL, Pustilnik HN, Silva RRC, Barreto-Duarte B, Araújo-Pereira M, Andrade BB. Grand challenges in major tropical diseases: Part II. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1180606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Santos LL, de Aquino EC, Fernandes SM, Ternes YMF, Feres VCDR. Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus infections in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e34. [PMID: 36788963 PMCID: PMC9910557 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To characterize the distribution profile of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus infections in Latin America and the Caribbean and to identify possible factors associated with the risk of dissemination and severity of these arboviruses. Methods The protocol of this review was registered on the PROSPERO platform. Searches were carried out in the following databases: Virtual Health Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Embase. The search terms were: Zika virus, Zika virus infection, dengue, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, chikungunya fever, epidemiology, observational study, Latin America, and Caribbean region. Studies that addressed the distribution of these arboviruses and the risk factors associated with dengue, Zika virus disease, and chikungunya, published between January 2000 and August 2020 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were included. Results Of 95 studies included, 70 identified risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes for arbovirus infections and 25 described complications and/or deaths. The highest frequency of confirmed cases was for dengue. Brazil reported most cases of the three arboviruses in the period analyzed. Environmental and socioeconomic factors facilitated the proliferation and adaptation of vectors, and host-related factors were reported to aggravate dengue. Most deaths were due to chikungunya, Zika virus disease caused most neurological alterations, and dengue resulted in greater morbidity leading to more frequent hospitalization. Conclusions The review provides a broad view of the three arboviruses and the intrinsic aspects of infections, and highlights the factors that influence the spread of these viruses in the populations studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia L.M. Santos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory and Technologies Applied to Laboratory DiagnosisFaculty of PharmacyFederal University of GoiasGoiâniaBrazilMolecular Biology Laboratory and Technologies Applied to Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Erika Carvalho de Aquino
- Public Health DepartmentInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public HealthFederal University of GoiasGoiâniaBrazilPublic Health Department, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Suleimy Marinho Fernandes
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell CultureInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public HealthFederal University of GoiasGoiâniaBrazilLaboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Yves Mauro F. Ternes
- Public Health DepartmentInstitute of Tropical Pathology and Public HealthFederal University of GoiasGoiâniaBrazilPublic Health Department, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Valéria C. de R. Feres
- Molecular Biology Laboratory and Technologies Applied to Laboratory DiagnosisFaculty of PharmacyFederal University of GoiasGoiâniaBrazilMolecular Biology Laboratory and Technologies Applied to Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil.
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Touchton M, Wampler B. Democratizing Public Health: Participatory Policymaking Institutions, Mosquito Control, and Zika in the Americas. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010038. [PMID: 36668945 PMCID: PMC9865320 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus spread primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. Zika cases have been detected throughout the mosquito's range, with an epidemic occurring from 2015 to 2017 in Brazil. Many Zika cases are mild or asymptomatic, but infections in pregnant women can cause microcephaly in children, and a small percentage of cases result in Guillan-Barré syndrome. There is currently little systematic information surrounding the municipal spread of the Zika Virus in Brazil. This article uses coarsened exact matching with negative binomial estimation and ordinary least squares estimation to assess the determinants of Zika incidence across the ~280,000 cases confirmed and recorded by Brazil's Ministry of Health in 2016 and 2017. These data come from Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests in Brazil and have not been published. We use data on the universe of individual Zika cases in Brazil and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software to examine the virus at the municipal level across 5570 municipalities and construct a unique, unusually rich dataset covering daily Zika transmission. Additionally, our dataset includes corresponding local data on democratic governance, mosquito control efforts, and environmental conditions to estimate their relationship to Zika transmission. The results demonstrate that the presence of subnational democratic, participatory policymaking institutions and high levels of local state capacity are associated with low rates of Zika contraction. These models control for local healthcare spending and economic conditions, among other factors, that also influence Zika contraction rates. In turn, these findings provide a better understanding of what works for local health governance and mosquito control and makes important data public so that scholars and practitioners can perform their own analyses. Stronger models of Zika transmission will then inform mosquito abatement efforts across the Global South, as well as provide a blueprint for combatting Dengue fever, which is also transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Touchton
- Department of Political Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Faculty Lead for Global Health, Institute for Advanced Studies of the Americas, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Brian Wampler
- President’s Office of Public Engagement, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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Garcia GA, Lord AR, Santos LMB, Kariyawasam TN, David MR, Couto-Lima D, Tátila-Ferreira A, Pavan MG, Sikulu-Lord MT, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Rapid and Non-Invasive Detection of Aedes aegypti Co-Infected with Zika and Dengue Viruses Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Viruses 2022; 15:11. [PMID: 36680052 PMCID: PMC9863061 DOI: 10.3390/v15010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) has been continuously increasing worldwide. An efficient arbovirus surveillance system is critical to designing early-warning systems to increase preparedness of future outbreaks in endemic countries. The Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising high throughput technique to detect arbovirus infection in Ae. aegypti with remarkable advantages such as cost and time effectiveness, reagent-free, and non-invasive nature over existing molecular tools for similar purposes, enabling timely decision making through rapid detection of potential disease. Our aim was to determine whether NIRS can differentiate Ae. aegypti females infected with either ZIKV or DENV single infection, and those coinfected with ZIKV/DENV from uninfected ones. Using 200 Ae. aegypti females reared and infected in laboratory conditions, the training model differentiated mosquitoes into the four treatments with 100% accuracy. DENV-, ZIKV-, and ZIKV/DENV-coinfected mosquitoes that were used to validate the model could be correctly classified into their actual infection group with a predictive accuracy of 100%, 84%, and 80%, respectively. When compared with mosquitoes from the uninfected group, the three infected groups were predicted as belonging to the infected group with 100%, 97%, and 100% accuracy for DENV-infected, ZIKV-infected, and the co-infected group, respectively. Preliminary lab-based results are encouraging and indicate that NIRS should be tested in field settings to evaluate its potential role to monitor natural infection in field-caught mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Garcia
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anton R. Lord
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Spectroscopy and Data Consultants Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4035, Australia
| | - Lilha M. B. Santos
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana R. David
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dinair Couto-Lima
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Tátila-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G. Pavan
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maggy T. Sikulu-Lord
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Leandro ADS, Lopes RD, Amaral Martins C, Delai RM, Villela DAM, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Entomo-virological surveillance followed by serological active survey of symptomatic individuals is helpful to identify hotspots of early arbovirus transmission. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1024187. [PMID: 36388305 PMCID: PMC9651144 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti in urban environments have spread rapidly worldwide, causing great impacts on public health. The development of reliable and timely alert signals is among the most important steps in designing accurate surveillance systems for vector-borne diseases. In July and September 2017, we conducted a pilot study to improve an existing integrated surveillance system by using entomo-virological surveillance to prioritize areas to conduct active searches for individuals with arbovirus infection symptoms. Foz do Iguaçu City has a permanent entomo-virological surveillance system with approximately 3,500 traps to capture Aedes sp. in the adult stage. The Aedes aegypti females are captured alive and human samples are submitted to RT-qPCR (real-time qPCR) screening for DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV diagnosis. Of the 55 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes tested in July 2017, seven (12.7%) were considered positive for DENV-2 and three (5.4%) for CHIKV. In September, we tested a sample of 54 mosquitoes, and 15 (27.7%) were considered infected by DENV-2. We created 25 circumferences with 150-m radius each to perform an active survey to identify symptomatic householders. In July, we selected one circumference, and five (35.7%) patients were positive for DENV, whereas two (14.3%) for CHIKV. In September, we selected four circumferences, and, from the 21 individuals sampled, nine (42.8%) were positive for DENV-2. A statistical model with a binomial response was used to estimate the number of cases in areas without active surveys, i.e., 20 circumferences. We estimated an additional 83 symptomatic patients (95% CI: 45-145) to be found in active searches, with 38 (95% CI: 18-72) of them confirming arbovirus infection. Arbovirus detection and serotyping in mosquitoes, but also in symptomatic individuals during active surveys, can provide an alert signal of early arbovirus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- André de Souza Leandro
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil,Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Defante Lopes
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil,The Instituto Latino-Americano de Economia, Sociedade e Política, Universidade Federal Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Caroline Amaral Martins
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Robson Michael Delai
- One Health Laboratory at the Three-Border Tropical Medicine Center, Itaiguapy Foundation - Institute of Teaching and Research, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
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12
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Report of Mosquito Vectors of Arboviruses from a Federal Conservation Unit in the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101597. [PMID: 36295032 PMCID: PMC9605666 DOI: 10.3390/life12101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arbovirus infections, such as dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, are a major public health problem worldwide. As the main vectors, mosquitoes have been classified by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention as one of the deadliest animals alive. In this ecological study, we analyzed the population dynamics of important genera and species of mosquito vectors. Mosquito immatures were collected using ovitraps and at natural breeding sites: bamboos and bromeliads. Adult mosquitoes were captured using CDC traps with CO2, Shannon traps, and manual suction tubes. Collections took place during the rainy and dry seasons from 2019 to 2020 in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The highest number of species was recorded in the ovitraps, followed by CDC and bromeliads. The breeding site with the lowest diversity was bamboo, though it showed the highest level of evenness compared to the other breeding sites. The medically important genera reported were Haemagogus spp., Aedes spp., Culex spp., and Wyeomyia spp. Culicid eggs increased in the rainy season, with a peak in November 2019 and January and February 2020, and lower abundance in the dry season, from September to October 2019. Mosquito eggs had a strong positive correlation (ρ = 0.755) with temperature and a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.625) with rainfall. This study shows how environmental variables can influence the ecology of disease-vector mosquitoes, which are critical in the maintenance of arbovirus circulation in a threatened biome within the most densely populated region of Brazil.
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13
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Queiroz ERDS, Medronho RDA. Overlap between dengue, Zika and chikungunya hotspots in the city of Rio de Janeiro. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273980. [PMID: 36067192 PMCID: PMC9447914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arboviruses represent a threat to global public health. In the Americas, the dengue fever is endemic. This situation worsens with the introduction of emerging, Zika fever and chikungunya fever, causing epidemics in several countries within the last decade. Hotspot analysis contributes to understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics in the context of co-circulation of these three arboviral diseases, which have the same vector: Aedes aegypti. Objective To analyze the spatial distribution and agreement between the hotspots of the historical series of reported dengue cases from 2000 to 2014 and the Zika, chikungunya and dengue cases hotspots from 2015 to 2019 in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Methods To identify hotspots, Gi* statistics were calculated for the annual incidence rates of reported cases of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya by neighborhood. Kendall’s W statistic was used to analyze the agreement between diseases hotspots. Results There was no agreement between the hotspots of the dengue fever historical series (2000–2014) and those of the emerging Zika fever and chikungunya fever (2015–2019). However, there was agreement between hotspots of the three arboviral diseases between 2015 and 2019. Conclusion The results of this study show the existence of persistent hotspots that need to be prioritized in public policies for the prevention and control of these diseases. The techniques used with data from epidemiological surveillance services can help in better understanding of the dynamics of these diseases wherever they circulate in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eny Regina da Silva Queiroz
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberto de Andrade Medronho
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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OUP accepted manuscript. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2022; 116:853-867. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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15
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Näslund J, Ahlm C, Islam K, Evander M, Bucht G, Lwande OW. Emerging Mosquito-Borne Viruses Linked to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: Global Status and Preventive Strategies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:731-746. [PMID: 34424778 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging mosquito-borne viruses continue to cause serious health problems and economic burden among billions of people living in and near the tropical belt of the world. The highly invasive mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have successively invaded and expanded their presence as key vectors of Chikungunya virus, dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus, and that has consecutively led to frequent outbreaks of the corresponding viral diseases. Of note, these two mosquito species have gradually adapted to the changing weather and environmental conditions leading to a shift in the epidemiology of the viral diseases, and facilitated their establishment in new ecozones inhabited by immunologically naive human populations. Many abilities of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, as vectors of significant arbovirus pathogens, may affect the infection and transmission rates after a bloodmeal, and may influence the vector competence for either virus. We highlight that many collaborating risk factors, for example, the global transportation systems may result in sporadic and more local outbreaks caused by mosquito-borne viruses related to Ae. aegypti and/or Ae. albopictus. Those local outbreaks could in synergy grow and produce larger epidemics with pandemic characters. There is an urgent need for improved surveillance of vector populations, human cases, and reliable prediction models. In summary, we recommend new and innovative strategies for the prevention of these types of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Näslund
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Koushikul Islam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Göran Bucht
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Olivia Wesula Lwande
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
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16
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Carabali M, Harper S, Lima Neto AS, Dos Santos de Sousa G, Caprara A, Restrepo BN, Kaufman JS. Spatiotemporal distribution and socioeconomic disparities of dengue, chikungunya and Zika in two Latin American cities from 2007 to 2017. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 26:301-315. [PMID: 33219561 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the presence, pattern and magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities on dengue, chikungunya and Zika in Latin America, accounting for their spatiotemporal distribution. METHODS Using longitudinal surveillance data (reported arboviruses) from Fortaleza, Brazil and Medellin, Colombia (2007-2017), we fit Bayesian hierarchical models with structured random effects to estimate: (i) spatiotemporally adjusted incidence rates; (ii) Relative Concentration Index and Absolute Concentration Index of inequality; (iii) temporal trends in RCIs; and (iv) socioeconomic-specific estimates of disease distribution. The spatial analysis was conducted at the neighbourhood level (urban settings). The socioeconomic measures were the median monthly household income (MMHI) for Brazil and the Socio-Economic Strata index (SES) in Colombia. RESULTS There were 281 426 notified arboviral cases in Fortaleza and 40 887 in Medellin. We observed greater concentration of dengue among residents of low socioeconomic neighbourhoods in both cities: Relative Concentration Index = -0.12 (95% CI = -0.13, -0.10) in Fortaleza and Relative Concentration Index = -0.04 (95% CI = -0.05, -0.03) in Medellin. The magnitude of inequalities varied over time across sites and was larger during outbreaks. We identified a non-monotonic association between disease rates and socioeconomic measures, especially for chikungunya, that changed over time. The Relative Concentration Index and Absolute Concentration Index showed few if any inequalities for Zika. The socioeconomic-specific model showed increased disease rates at MMHI below US$400 in Brazil and at SES-index below level four, in Colombia. CONCLUSIONS We provide robust quantitative estimates of socioeconomic inequalities in arboviruses for two Latin American cities. Our findings could inform policymaking by identifying spatial hotspots for arboviruses and targeting strategies to decrease disparities at the local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Carabali
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sam Harper
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonio S Lima Neto
- Fortaleza's Secretary of Health, Fortaleza, Brazil.,University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Berta Nelly Restrepo
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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