1
|
Anywaine Z, Hansen C, Warimwe GM, Abu-Baker Mustapher G, Nyakarahuka L, Balinandi S, Ario AR, Lutwama JJ, Elliott A, Kaleebu P. Severe morbidity and hospital-based mortality from Rift Valley fever disease between November 2017 and March 2020 among humans in Uganda. Virol J 2024; 21:104. [PMID: 38702807 PMCID: PMC11069174 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease of increasing intensity among humans in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In Uganda, cases reported prior to 2016 were mild or not fully documented. We report in this paper on the severe morbidity and hospital-based mortality of human cases in Uganda. METHODS Between November 2017 and March 2020 human cases reported to the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ethical and regulatory approvals were obtained to enrol survivors into a one-year follow-up study. Data were collected on socio-demographics, medical history, laboratory tests, potential risk factors, and analysed using Stata software. RESULTS Overall, 40 cases were confirmed with acute RVF during this period. Cases were not geographically clustered and nearly all were male (39/40; 98%), median age 32 (range 11-63). The median definitive diagnosis time was 7 days and a delay of three days between presumptive and definitive diagnosis. Most patients (31/40; 78%) presented with fever and bleeding at case detection. Twenty-eight (70%) cases were hospitalised, out of whom 18 (64%) died. Mortality was highest among admissions in regional referral (11/16; 69%) and district (4/5; 80%) hospitals, hospitalized patients with bleeding at case detection (17/27; 63%), and patients older than 44 years (9/9; 100%). Survivors mostly manifested a mild gastro-intestinal syndrome with nausea (83%), anorexia (75%), vomiting (75%), abdominal pain (50%), and diarrhoea (42%), and prolonged symptoms of severe disease including jaundice (67%), visual difficulties (67%), epistaxis (50%), haemoptysis (42%), and dysentery (25%). Symptom duration varied between two to 120 days. CONCLUSION RVF is associated with high hospital-based mortality, severe and prolonged morbidity among humans that present to the health care system and are confirmed by PCR. One-health composite interventions should be developed to improve environmental and livestock surveillance, prevent infections, promptly detect outbreaks, and improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zacchaeus Anywaine
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Plot 51 - 59 Nakiwogo Road, P. O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Christian Hansen
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - George M Warimwe
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Luke Nyakarahuka
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Balinandi
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alex Riolexus Ario
- National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Julius J Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alison Elliott
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Plot 51 - 59 Nakiwogo Road, P. O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Plot 51 - 59 Nakiwogo Road, P. O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kimble JB, Noronha L, Trujillo JD, Mitzel D, Richt JA, Wilson WC. Rift Valley Fever. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2024:S0749-0720(24)00006-9. [PMID: 38453549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and buffaloes. Rift valley fever virus (RVFV), the causative agent of RVF, can also infect humans. RVFV is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that is primarily spread through the bites of infected mosquitoes or exposure to infected blood. RVFV was first isolated and characterized in the Rift Valley of Kenya in 1931 and is endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa, including Comoros and Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia and Yemen), and Mayotte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Brian Kimble
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Leela Noronha
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jessie D Trujillo
- Diganostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dana Mitzel
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Diganostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - William C Wilson
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Becquart P, Bohou Kombila L, Mebaley TN, Paupy C, Garcia D, Nesi N, Olive MM, Vanhomwegen J, Boundenga L, Mombo IM, Piro-Mégy C, Fritz M, Lenguiya LH, Ar Gouilh M, Leroy EM, N’Dilimabaka N, Cêtre-Sossah C, Maganga GD. Evidence for circulation of Rift Valley fever virus in wildlife and domestic animals in a forest environment in Gabon, Central Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011756. [PMID: 38427694 PMCID: PMC10936825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) that can infect domestic and wild animals. Although the RVFV transmission cycle has been well documented across Africa in savanna ecosystems, little is known about its transmission in tropical rainforest settings, particularly in Central Africa. We therefore conducted a survey in northeastern Gabon to assess RVFV circulation among wild and domestic animals. Among 163 wildlife samples tested using RVFV-specific RT-qPCR, four ruminants belonging to subfamily Cephalophinae were detected positive. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four RVFV sequences clustered together with a virus isolated in Namibia within the well-structured Egyptian clade. A cross-sectional survey conducted on sheep, goats and dogs living in villages within the same area determined the IgG RVFV-specific antibody prevalence using cELISA. Out of the 306 small ruminants tested (214 goats, 92 sheep), an overall antibody prevalence of 15.4% (95% CI [11.5-19.9]) was observed with a higher rate in goats than in sheep (20.1% versus 3.3%). RVFV-specific antibodies were detected in a single dog out of the 26 tested. Neither age, sex of domestic animals nor season was found to be significant risk factors of RVFV occurrence. Our findings highlight sylvatic circulation of RVFV for the first time in Gabon. These results stress the need to develop adequate surveillance plan measures to better control the public health threat of RVFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Becquart
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier University, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Linda Bohou Kombila
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Telstar Ndong Mebaley
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Christophe Paupy
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier University, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Déborah Garcia
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier University, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nesi
- INSERM Dynamicure UMR 1311, CHU Caen, department of virology, University of Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Marie-Marie Olive
- ASTRE (Animaux, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes), University of Montpellier, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement), INRAE (Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement), Montpellier, France
| | - Jessica Vanhomwegen
- Cellule d’Intervention Biologique d’Urgence (CIBU), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Department of Anthropology, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Illich Manfred Mombo
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Camille Piro-Mégy
- ASTRE (Animaux, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes), University of Montpellier, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement), INRAE (Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement), Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Fritz
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier University, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Meriadeg Ar Gouilh
- INSERM Dynamicure UMR 1311, CHU Caen, department of virology, University of Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Eric M. Leroy
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier University, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine N’Dilimabaka
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Catherine Cêtre-Sossah
- ASTRE (Animaux, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes), University of Montpellier, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement), INRAE (Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement), Montpellier, France
| | - Gael Darren Maganga
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Institut National Supérieur d’Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Islam MR, Ahmed I, Urmi TJ. The pathogenicity and risk evaluation of Rift Valley virus to cause mysterious "Disease X": an update on recent evidences. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1243-1246. [PMID: 38463056 PMCID: PMC10923333 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iftekhar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taslima Jamal Urmi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chilakam N, Lakshminarayanan V, Keremutt S, Rajendran A, Thunga G, Poojari PG, Rashid M, Mukherjee N, Bhattacharya P, John D. Economic Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e50985. [PMID: 38079215 PMCID: PMC10750235 DOI: 10.2196/50985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, among all the vector-borne diseases, mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for a substantial number of cases and deaths and amount to an economic cost of US $12 billion per year. However, there is a dearth of systematic research conducted on the economic burden of mosquito-borne diseases. To address the lack of comprehensive information on this topic, a systematic review will be conducted to synthesize evidence for informing targeted policies and strategies addressing this growing burden and for better financial protection of households. OBJECTIVE The systematic review aims to review the economic burden of mosquito-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The review estimates the total cost, which is the compilation of both the direct costs and indirect costs. Additionally, it reports cost estimates per disease, country, and patient. The review outcome will also discuss the impact of the economic burden in terms of out-of-pocket expenditure, catastrophic health expenditure, impoverishment, and gross domestic product impact due to mosquito-borne diseases in LMICs. METHODS Systematic searches will be conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid Embase, Scopus, the cumulative index of nursing and allied health literacy, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Additionally, websites of the World Bank, World Health Organization, and Asian Development Bank as well as grey literature (eg, Malaria No More and the Ministry of Health websites) will be searched to gather comprehensive information on the topic and identify studies published in the English language. The titles and abstracts will be independently screened by 2 reviewers, followed by a full-text review against the inclusion criteria. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion with a third author. The methodological reporting quality of the studies will be evaluated using the Larg and Moss checklist, Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, and the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria. Data will be extracted using a standardized data extraction form. RESULTS The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023427111) prior to the initiation of the search strategy. The review is currently ongoing and will synthesize information from the identified studies through a process involving structured screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal in the form of tables and a narrative summary of studies reporting the economic burden incurred due to mosquito-borne diseases in LMICs. CONCLUSIONS This review seeks to report the economic burden of mosquito-borne diseases. It will act as evidence for policymakers to prioritize their decisions regarding containing the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases and the means to lowering the incidence of diseases spread by mosquitoes. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023427111; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=427111. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/50985.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagavalli Chilakam
- Department of Commerce, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Sushanth Keremutt
- Department of Commerce, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ambigai Rajendran
- Department of Commerce, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Girish Thunga
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Pooja Gopal Poojari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Muhammed Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nirmalya Mukherjee
- Centre for Public Health Research, Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust, Kolkata, India
| | - Paramita Bhattacharya
- Centre for Public Health Research, Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust, Kolkata, India
| | - Denny John
- Centre for Public Health Research, Manbhum Ananda Ashram Nityananda Trust, Kolkata, India
- Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tinto B, Quellec J, Cêtre-Sossah C, Dicko A, Salinas S, Simonin Y. Rift Valley fever in West Africa: A zoonotic disease with multiple socio-economic consequences. One Health 2023; 17:100583. [PMID: 37664171 PMCID: PMC10474305 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes Rift Valley fever (RVF), a zoonotic disease that mainly affects domestic and wildlife ruminants and humans. The first epidemic in North-Western and West Africa occurred in Senegal and Mauritania in 1987, two countries where RVF is now endemic. Slaughterhouse workers, farmers, herders and veterinarians are at high risk of exposure to RVF. Beyond the health threat, RVF is considered to cause major socio-economic problems, specifically in developing countries where livestock farming and trade are important economic activities. Indeed, the mortality rate linked to RVF infection can reach 95-100% in newborns and young animals. In West Africa, livestock production is a key factor for food production and for national economics. Epizootics caused by RVF can therefore have serious socio-economic consequences by impacting multisectoral economics, the psycho-social health of pastoral communities, and food security. Improving prevention strategies against RVF, including vaccination, enhancing knowledge of RVF and correcting any inappropriate behaviors by populations of endemics areas, as well as better monitoring of RVF ecological factors are effective ways to better foresee and control outbreaks of RVF and its socio-economical side-effects in countries at high risk of occurrence of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bachirou Tinto
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire National de Référence des Fièvres Hémorragiques Virale, Centre MURAZ, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Jordan Quellec
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Amadou Dicko
- Laboratoire central de référence, Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Ministère de l'Agriculture, des ressources animales et halieutiques du Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sara Salinas
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu J, Banaei N. Investigation of discordant positive Sōna lateral flow assay results for detection of Coccidioides antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0062323. [PMID: 37800957 PMCID: PMC10595066 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00623-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Niaz Banaei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nyamota R, Maina J, Akoko J, Nthiwa D, Mwatondo A, Muturi M, Wambua L, Middlebrook EA, Bartlow AW, Fair JM, Bett B. Seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and Rift Valley fever virus among slaughterhouse workers in Isiolo County, northern Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011677. [PMID: 37797043 PMCID: PMC10581456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are classified as priority zoonotic agents in Kenya, based on their public health and socioeconomic impact on the country. Data on the pathogen-specific and co-exposure levels is scarce due to limited active surveillance. This study investigated seroprevalence and co-exposure of Brucella spp. and RVFV and associated risk factors among slaughterhouse workers in Isiolo County, northern Kenya. A cross-sectional serosurvey was done in all 19 slaughterhouses in Isiolo County, enrolling 378 participants into the study. The overall seroprevalences for Brucella spp. and RVFV were 40.2% (95% CI: 35.2-45.4) and 18.3% (95% CI: 14.5-22.5), respectively while 10.3% (95% CI 7.4%-13.8%) of individuals were positive for antibodies against both Brucella spp. and RVFV. Virus neutralisation tests (VNT) confirmed anti-RVFV antibodies in 85% of ELISA-positive samples. Our seroprevalence results were comparable to community-level seroprevalences previously reported in the area. Since most of the study participants were not from livestock-keeping households, our findings attribute most of the detected infections to occupational exposure. The high exposure levels indicate slaughterhouse workers are the most at-risk population and there is need for infection, prevention, and control programs among this high-risk group. This is the first VNT confirmation of virus-neutralising antibodies among slaughterhouse workers in Isiolo County and corroborates reports of the area being a high-risk RVFV area as occasioned by previously reported outbreaks. This necessitates sensitization campaigns to enhance awareness of the risks involved and appropriate mitigation measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josphat Maina
- Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Akoko
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Nthiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Athman Mwatondo
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Muturi
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Dahlem Research School of Biomedical Sciences (DRS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lillian Wambua
- World Organization for Animal Health, Sub-Regional Representation for Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Earl A Middlebrook
- Genomics and Bioanalytic, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Andrew W Bartlow
- Genomics and Bioanalytic, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jeanne M Fair
- Genomics and Bioanalytic, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ali Y, Siddig EE, Mohamed N, Ahmed A. Rift Valley fever and malaria co-infection: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7926. [PMID: 37731970 PMCID: PMC10507219 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message We report a case of febrile illness that was presented with mild symptoms. However, laboratory investigation confirmed a malaria and Rift Valley fever co-infection. Healthcare providers in settings endemic with several infectious diseases should seek rolling out possibilities of other infections prior to starting treatment for achieving effective case management with less resources and better safety of patients. Abstract Here we report a case of febrile illness that confirmed to be a co-infection of malaria and Rift Valley fever. The patient was initially diagnosed with malaria and started on treatment immediately. However, due to the lack of response to the treatment further laboratory investigations were pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Ali
- Sudan Field Epidemiology Training, Health Emergencies and Epidemics Control General DirectorateSudan Federal Ministry of HealthKhartoumSudan
| | - Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory SciencesUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nouh Mohamed
- Molecular Biology UnitSirius Training and Research CentreKhartoumSudan
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)AllschwilSwitzerland
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Institute of Endemic DiseasesUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trabelsi MK, Hachid A, Derrar F, Messahel NE, Bia T, Mockbel Y, Khardine AF, Degui D, Bellout L, Benaissa MH, Leulmi H, Khelef D, Kaidi R, Hakem A, Bouguedour R, Bitam I, Lafri I. Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever viral infection among camels imported into Southern Algeria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 100:102035. [PMID: 37572591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). The present work aims to investigate the epidemiological status and identify the risk factors associated with RVFV infection in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from southern Algeria. A total of 269 sera of apparently healthy camels was collected and tested using a competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Overall, 72 camels (26.7 %, 95 % CI: 21.4-32) were seropositive to RVFV. IgG antibodies were found to be most prevalent in camels from south-western areas, particularly in Tindouf wilaya (52.38 %, p < 0.0001), and in camels introduced from bordering Sahelian countries (35.8 %) (OR = 8.75, 95 %CI: 2.14-35.81). No anti-RVFV antibodies were detected in sera collected from local camels (0 %). Adult (5-10 years) and aged (>10 years) camels have a significantly higher risk of being infected by RVFV (OR = 2.15; 95 %CI = 1.21-3.81, OR = 2.05; 95 %CI = 1.03-4.11, respectively). This report indicated that dromedaries imported to the south-western areas are exposed to RVFV and may contribute to its spread in Algerian territories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Katia Trabelsi
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria; Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Liées à la Reproduction Animale (LBRA), Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Aissam Hachid
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Univérsité d'Alger 1, Alger 16000, Algeria; Laboratoire des Arbovirus et Virus Emergents, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Alger 16000, Algeria
| | - Fawzi Derrar
- Faculté de Medecine, Université d'Alger 1, Alger 16000, Algeria; Laboratoire des Grippes et virus respiratoires, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Alger 16000, Algeria
| | - Nacer Eddine Messahel
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Taha Bia
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | - Youcef Mockbel
- Direction des Services Agricoles de la wilaya de Tindouf, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Fayez Khardine
- Laboratoire des Arbovirus et Virus Emergents, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Alger 16000, Algeria
| | - Djilali Degui
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria; Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Liées à la Reproduction Animale (LBRA), Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Lydia Bellout
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Hocine Benaissa
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Sur Les Régions Arides (CRSTRA), 55000 Touggourt, Algeria
| | - Hamza Leulmi
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Djamel Khelef
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire, Oued Smar, Alger 16000, Algeria
| | - Rachid Kaidi
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria; Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Liées à la Reproduction Animale (LBRA), Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Ahcéne Hakem
- Centre de Recherche en Agropastoralisme (CRAPast) Djelfa, Djelfa 17000, Algeria
| | - Rachid Bouguedour
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale (OMSA), Representation Sous-Régionale de l'Afrique du Nord, 17 Avenue d'Afrique - El Menzah 5, 2091 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Idir Bitam
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaires, Alger 16000, Algeria
| | - Ismail Lafri
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria; Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Liées à la Reproduction Animale (LBRA), Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université de Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ebogo‐Belobo JT, Kenmoe S, Abanda NN, Bowo‐Ngandji A, Mbaga DS, Magoudjou‐Pekam JN, Kame‐Ngasse GI, Tchatchouang S, Menkem EZ, Okobalemba EA, Noura EA, Meta‐Djomsi D, Maïdadi‐Foudi M, Kenfack‐Zanguim J, Kenfack‐Momo R, Kengne‐Nde C, Esemu SN, Mbacham WF, Sadeuh‐Mba SA, Ndip L, Njouom R. Contemporary epidemiological data of Rift Valley fever virus in humans, mosquitoes and other animal species in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2309-2328. [PMID: 37548116 PMCID: PMC10508527 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a severe zoonotic mosquito-borne disease that represents an important threat to human and animal health, with major public health and socioeconomic impacts. This disease is endemic throughout many African countries and the Arabian Peninsula. This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to determine the RVF prevalence in humans, mosquitoes and other animal species in Africa. The review also provides contemporary data on RVF case fatality rate (CFR) in humans. In this systematic review with meta-analysis, a comprehensive literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus databases from January 2000 to June 2022 to identify relevant studies. Pooled CFR and prevalence estimates were calculated using the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed, and the I2 -statistic was used to investigate a potential source of heterogeneity. A total of 205 articles were included in the final analysis. The overall RVF CFR in humans was found to be 27.5% [95% CI = 8.0-52.5]. The overall pooled prevalence was 7.8% [95% CI = 6.2-9.6] in humans and 9.3% [95% CI = 8.1-10.6] in animals, respectively. The RVF prevalence in individual mosquitoes ranged from 0.0% to 25%. Subgroup analysis showed substantial heterogeneity with respect to geographical regions and human categories. The study shows that there is a correspondingly similar prevalence of RVF in human and animals; however, human CFR is much higher than the observed prevalence. The lack of a surveillance programme and the fact that this virus has subclinical circulation in animals and humans could explain these observations. The implementation of a One Health approach for RVF surveillance and control would be of great interest for human and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Thierry Ebogo‐Belobo
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority PathologiesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
| | - Ngu Njei Abanda
- Virology DepartmentCentre Pasteur of CameroonYaoundéCameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo‐Ngandji
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame‐Ngasse
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority PathologiesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
| | | | | | | | - Efietngab Atembeh Noura
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority PathologiesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
| | - Dowbiss Meta‐Djomsi
- Research Centre on Emerging and Re‐Emerging DiseasesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
| | - Martin Maïdadi‐Foudi
- Research Centre on Emerging and Re‐Emerging DiseasesInstitute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaoundeCameroon
| | | | - Raoul Kenfack‐Momo
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne‐Nde
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research UnitNational AIDS Control CommitteeYaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Wilfred Fon Mbacham
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesThe University of Yaounde IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Serge Alain Sadeuh‐Mba
- Virology DepartmentCentre Pasteur of CameroonYaoundéCameroon
- Maryland Department of AgricultureSalisbury Animal Health LaboratorySalisburyMarylandUSA
| | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology DepartmentCentre Pasteur of CameroonYaoundéCameroon
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Issae AR, Katakweba AAS, Kicheleri RP, Chengula AA, Kasanga CJ. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on rift valley fever among pastoral and agropastoral communities of Ngorongoro in the rift valley ecosystem, Tanzania, conducted in 2021/2022. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011560. [PMID: 37611063 PMCID: PMC10479901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemics of Rift Valley fever (RVF), a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by RVF virus, have been linked to exceptionally heavy rainfall and widespread flooding. The disease is endemic in most African countries and pose a major global health risk. Given that the disease was reported in various districts of Tanzania, we hypothesized a lack of knowledge about RVF epidemiology among agropastoral and pastoral communities. The research took place in a period of 7 months, from July, 2021 to January, 2022. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the agropastoral and pastoral communities of Ngorongoro district towards RVF. The survey employed a mixed method system, which included 3 focus groups (each comprised 12 individuals), 20 key informant interviews and administration of questionnaire (N = 352) in agropastoral and pastoral community members of Ngorongoro district. The relationship between demographic characteristics and communities' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding RVF was observed using a multiple logistic regression model. A total of 352 participants were interviewed, with the majority (67.61%) being male and 32.39% being female, majority (39.5%) attending primary school, and majority (58.2%) being pastoralists. The findings showed that only 36.1%, 38.64% and 16.19% of participants had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practices regarding RVF respectively. Significant demographic factors related with knowledge included: gender (OR = 1.9, CI = 1.03-3.56, P = 0.041), education levels (primary: OR = 3.97, CI = 2-8.16, P = 0.000; secondary: OR = 15.27, CI = 5.5-46.23, P = 0.000 and college: OR = 34. 23, CI = 5.4-67.22, P = 0.000), and locality (Pinyinyi: OR = 0.14, CI = 0.05-0.38, P = 0.000 and Sale: OR = 0.14, CI = 0.04-0.44, P = 0.001). Male participants showed significant positive attitude towards RVF compared to female (OR = 2.37, CI = 1.35-4.17, P = 0.003). Individuals with formal education showed a significant positive attitude toward RVF compared to informal (OR>1, P<0.05). Agropastoral members showed a significant negative attitude toward RVF compared to pastoralists (OR = 0.51, CI = 0.26-0.99, P = 0.048). The calculated RVF prevention practices values were insignificantly (P = 0.853) correlated with knowledge values. The significant correlation between knowledge and attitude, as well as attitude and practice were found (P<0.05). In general, the study revealed poor knowledge, negative attitude and poor practices of communities towards RVF. The lack of regular education programs to make the communities aware of the disease was implicated for these findings. This recommends that provision of health education should be a long-term practice among agropastoral and pastoral communities in order to prevent further RVF outbreaks in Tanzania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ramadhani Issae
- African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Wildlife Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Institute of Pest Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Abdul Ahmed Selemani Katakweba
- African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Institute of Pest Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Rose Peter Kicheleri
- Department of Wildlife Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Augustino Alfred Chengula
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Christopher Jacob Kasanga
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jenkin D, Wright D, Folegatti PM, Platt A, Poulton I, Lawrie A, Tran N, Boyd A, Turner C, Gitonga JN, Karanja HK, Mugo D, Ewer KJ, Bowden TA, Gilbert SC, Charleston B, Kaleebu P, Hill AVS, Warimwe GM. Safety and immunogenicity of a ChAdOx1 vaccine against Rift Valley fever in UK adults: an open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:956-964. [PMID: 37060917 PMCID: PMC7614834 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rift Valley fever is a viral epidemic illness prevalent in Africa that can be fatal or result in debilitating sequelae in humans. No vaccines are available for human use. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a non-replicating simian adenovirus-vectored Rift Valley fever (ChAdOx1 RVF) vaccine in humans. METHODS We conducted a phase 1, first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation trial in healthy adults aged 18-50 years at the Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, UK. Participants were required to have no serious comorbidities or previous history of receiving an adenovirus-based vaccine before enrolment. Participants were non-randomly allocated to receive a single ChAdOx1 RVF dose of either 5 × 109 virus particles (vp), 2·5 × 1010 vp, or 5 × 1010 vp administered intramuscularly into the deltoid of their non-dominant arm; enrolment was sequential and administration was staggered to allow for safety to be assessed before progression to the next dose. Primary outcome measures were assessment of adverse events and secondary outcome measures were Rift Valley fever neutralising antibody titres, Rift Valley fever GnGc-binding antibody titres (ELISA), and cellular response (ELISpot), analysed in all participants who received a vaccine. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04754776). FINDINGS Between June 11, 2021, and Jan 13, 2022, 15 volunteers received a single dose of either 5 × 109 vp (n=3), 2·5 × 1010 vp (n=6), or 5 × 1010 vp (n=6) ChAdOx1 RVF. Nine participants were female and six were male. 14 (93%) of 15 participants reported solicited local adverse reactions; injection-site pain was the most frequent (13 [87%] of 15). Ten (67%) of 15 participants (from the 2·5 × 1010 vp and 5 × 1010 vp groups only) reported systemic symptoms, which were mostly mild in intensity, the most common being headache (nine [60%] of 15) and fatigue (seven [47%]). All unsolicited adverse events reported within 28 days were either mild or moderate in severity; gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common reaction (at least possibly related to vaccination), occurring in four (27%) of 15 participants. Transient decreases in total white cell, lymphocyte, or neutrophil counts occurred at day 2 in some participants in the intermediate-dose and high-dose groups. Lymphopenia graded as severe occurred in two participants in the 5 × 1010 vp group at a single timepoint, but resolved at the subsequent follow-up visit. No serious adverse events occurred. Rift Valley fever neutralising antibodies were detectable across all dose groups, with all participants in the 5 × 1010 vp dose group having high neutralising antibody titres that peaked at day 28 after vaccination and persisted through the 3-month follow-up. High titres of binding IgG targeting Gc glycoprotein were detected whereas those targeting Gn were comparatively low. IFNγ cellular responses against Rift Valley fever Gn and Gc glycoproteins were observed in all participants except one in the 5 × 1010 vp dose group. These IFNγ responses peaked at 2 weeks after vaccination, were highest in the 5 × 1010 vp dose group, and tended to be more frequent against the Gn glycoprotein. INTERPRETATION ChAdOx1 RVF was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic when administered as a single dose in this study population. The data support further clinical development of ChAdOx1 RVF for human use. FUNDING UK Department of Health and Social Care through the UK Vaccines Network, Oak Foundation, and the Wellcome Trust. TRANSLATION For the Swahili translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jenkin
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Abigail Platt
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Poulton
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Lawrie
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nguyen Tran
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Boyd
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cheryl Turner
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John N Gitonga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Henry K Karanja
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Daisy Mugo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Katie J Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - George M Warimwe
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bermúdez-Méndez E, Angelino P, van Keulen L, van de Water S, Rockx B, Pijlman GP, Ciuffi A, Kortekaas J, Wichgers Schreur PJ. Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Intense Host-Pathogen Dispute Compromising Homeostasis during Acute Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0041523. [PMID: 37306574 PMCID: PMC10308945 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00415-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (family Phenuiviridae) can cause severe disease, and outbreaks of this mosquito-borne pathogen pose a significant threat to public and animal health. Yet many molecular aspects of RVFV pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Natural RVFV infections are acute, characterized by a rapid onset of peak viremia during the first days post-infection, followed by a rapid decline. Although in vitro studies identified a major role of interferon (IFN) responses in counteracting the infection, a comprehensive overview of the specific host factors that play a role in RVFV pathogenesis in vivo is still lacking. Here, the host in vivo transcriptional profiles in the liver and spleen tissues of lambs exposed to RVFV are studied using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. We validate that IFN-mediated pathways are robustly activated in response to infection. We also link the observed hepatocellular necrosis with severely compromised organ function, which is reflected as a marked downregulation of multiple metabolic enzymes essential for homeostasis. Furthermore, we associate the elevated basal expression of LRP1 in the liver with RVFV tissue tropism. Collectively, the results of this study deepen the knowledge of the in vivo host response during RVFV infection and reveal new insights into the gene regulation networks underlying pathogenesis in a natural host. IMPORTANCE Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-transmitted pathogen capable of causing severe disease in animals and humans. Outbreaks of RVFV pose a significant threat to public health and can result in substantial economic losses. Little is known about the molecular basis of RVFV pathogenesis in vivo, particularly in its natural hosts. We employed RNA-seq technology to investigate genome-wide host responses in the liver and spleen of lambs during acute RVFV infection. We show that RVFV infection drastically decreases the expression of metabolic enzymes, which impairs normal liver function. Moreover, we highlight that basal expression levels of the host factor LRP1 may be a determinant of RVFV tissue tropism. This study links the typical pathological phenotype induced by RVFV infection with tissue-specific gene expression profiles, thereby improving our understanding of RVFV pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Bermúdez-Méndez
- Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Angelino
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucien van Keulen
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra van de Water
- Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Gorben P. Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Ciuffi
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Kortekaas
- Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Wichgers Schreur
- Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bronder S, Sester M. A novel Rift Valley fever vaccine. Lancet Infect Dis 2023:S1473-3099(23)00134-2. [PMID: 37060918 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bronder
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg D-66421, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg D-66421, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bergmann S, Bohn MC, Dornbusch S, Becker SC, Stern M. Influence of RVFV Infection on Olfactory Perception and Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040558. [PMID: 37111444 PMCID: PMC10142484 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In blood-feeding dipterans, olfaction plays a role in finding hosts and, hence, in spreading pathogens. Several pathogens are known to alter olfactory responses and behavior in vectors. As a mosquito-borne pathogen, Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) can affect humans and cause great losses in livestock. We test the influence of RVFV infection on sensory perception, olfactory choice behavior and activity on a non-biting insect, Drosophila melanogaster, using electroantennograms (EAG), Y-maze, and locomotor activity monitor. Flies were injected with RVFV MP12 strain. Replication of RVFV and its persistence for at least seven days was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). One day post injection, infected flies showed weaker EAG responses towards 1-hexanol, vinegar, and ethyl acetate. In the Y-maze, infected flies showed a significantly lower response for 1-hexanol compared to uninfected flies. At days six or seven post infection, no significant difference between infected and control flies could be found in EAG or Y-maze anymore. Activity of infected flies was reduced at both time points. We found an upregulation of the immune-response gene, nitric oxide synthase, in infected flies. An infection with RVFV is able to transiently reduce olfactory perception and attraction towards food-related odors in Drosophila, while effects on activity and immune effector gene expression persist. A similar effect in blood-feeding insects could affect vector competence in RVFV transmitting dipterans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bergmann
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maja C. Bohn
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dornbusch
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie C. Becker
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Stern
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karnam S, Huang Y, Nguyen N, Yeh S. Ophthalmic consequences of viral hemorrhagic fevers: Insights from the clinic and laboratory. Front Trop Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of RNA virus-mediated systemic diseases with significant morbidity and mortality and represent a significant public health concern. Given the high systemic morbidity and mortality in a number of these entities, delays in diagnosis can lead to downstream public health consequences. Many viral hemorrhagic fevers have ophthalmic manifestations and ophthalmologists thus play a key role in disease recognition and the management of ocular complications associated with specific hemorrhagic fevers. This review summarizes the key ophthalmic consequences of viral hemorrhagic fevers, viral disease pathogenesis, disease findings, and areas of unmet research need.
Collapse
|
18
|
Benoit I, Di Curzio D, Civetta A, Douville RN. Drosophila as a Model for Human Viral Neuroinfections. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172685. [PMID: 36078091 PMCID: PMC9454636 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of human neurological infection faces many technical and ethical challenges. While not as common as mammalian models, the use of Drosophila (fruit fly) in the investigation of virus–host dynamics is a powerful research tool. In this review, we focus on the benefits and caveats of using Drosophila as a model for neurological infections and neuroimmunity. Through the examination of in vitro, in vivo and transgenic systems, we highlight select examples to illustrate the use of flies for the study of exogenous and endogenous viruses associated with neurological disease. In each case, phenotypes in Drosophila are compared to those in human conditions. In addition, we discuss antiviral drug screening in flies and how investigating virus–host interactions may lead to novel antiviral drug targets. Together, we highlight standardized and reproducible readouts of fly behaviour, motor function and neurodegeneration that permit an accurate assessment of neurological outcomes for the study of viral infection in fly models. Adoption of Drosophila as a valuable model system for neurological infections has and will continue to guide the discovery of many novel virus–host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilena Benoit
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Ave, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Domenico Di Curzio
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Ave, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Alberto Civetta
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Renée N. Douville
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Ave, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|