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Sakamoto K, Kurokawa J. [Pathophysiology of skeletal muscle during sepsis]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2024; 159:112-117. [PMID: 38432919 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
While sepsis mortality is reducing in developed countries due to advances in intensive care medicine, morbidity is increasing due to aging and obesity. ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is a respiratory and limb muscle weakness experienced by many sepsis survivors and is present in 50-75% of sepsis patients. ICU-AW can persist for several years, making reintegration of sepsis survivors difficult and leading to a secondary decrease in long-term survival. Exposure of septic patients to multiple muscle-damaging factors during ICU admission, including hyperglycemia, immobility, mechanical ventilation, administration of muscle relaxants, and administration of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may compound the hyper cytokine, hyper nitric oxide, and hyper oxidative conditions, leading to the development of ICU-AW. However, the pathogenesis of ICU-AW remains unclear, and the pathophysiology of ICU-AW awaits further elucidation to develop therapeutic strategies. Recent ICU-AW studies have also revealed that skeletal muscle itself is a key organ in the inflammatory response and metabolic abnormalities in sepsis. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle in sepsis and international trends in the development of therapeutic agents based on our research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Sakamoto
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Junko Kurokawa
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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2
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Wang YT, Harrison CA, Skinner EH, Haines KJ, Holdsworth C, Lang JK, Hibbert E, Scott D, Eynon N, Tiruvoipati R, French CJ, Stepto NK, Bates S, Walton KL, Crozier TM, Haines TP. Activin A level is associated with physical function in critically ill patients. Aust Crit Care 2023; 36:702-707. [PMID: 36517331 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activin A is a potent negative regulator of muscle mass elevated in critical illness. It is unclear whether muscle strength and physical function in critically ill humans are associated with elevated activin A levels. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum activin A levels, muscle strength, and physical function at discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital. METHODS Thirty-six participants were recruited from two tertiary ICUs in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were included if they were mechanically ventilated for >48 h and expected to have a total ICU stay of >5 days. The primary outcome measure was the Six-Minute Walk Test distance at hospital discharge. Secondary outcome measures included handgrip strength, Medical Research Council Sum Score, Physical Function ICU Test Scored, Six-Minute Walk Test, and Timed Up and Go Test assessed throughout the hospital admission. Total serum activin A levels were measured daily in the ICU. RESULTS High peak activin A was associated with worse Six-Minute Walk Test distance at hospital discharge (linear regression coefficient, 95% confidence interval, p-value: -91.3, -154.2 to -28.4, p = 0.007, respectively). Peak activin A concentration was not associated with the secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Higher peak activin A may be associated with the functional decline of critically ill patients. Further research is indicated to examine its potential as a therapeutic target and a prospective predictor for muscle wasting in critical illness. STUDY REGISTRATION ACTRN12615000047594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian Wang
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Craig A Harrison
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth H Skinner
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kimberley J Haines
- Department of Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Clare Holdsworth
- Department of Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jenna K Lang
- Department of Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ravindranath Tiruvoipati
- Department of Intensive Care, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia.
| | - Craig J French
- Department of Intensive Care, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nigel K Stepto
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Samantha Bates
- Department of Intensive Care, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kelly L Walton
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Tim M Crozier
- Department of Intensive Care, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia; Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Terry P Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care & National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Leduc-Gaudet JP, Miguez K, Cefis M, Faitg J, Moamer A, Chaffer TJ, Reynaud O, Broering FE, Shams A, Mayaki D, Huck L, Sandri M, Gouspillou G, Hussain SN. Autophagy ablation in skeletal muscles worsens sepsis-induced muscle wasting, impairs whole-body metabolism, and decreases survival. iScience 2023; 26:107475. [PMID: 37588163 PMCID: PMC10425945 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic patients frequently develop skeletal muscle wasting and weakness, resulting in severe clinical consequences and adverse outcomes. Sepsis triggers sustained induction of autophagy, a key cellular degradative pathway, in skeletal muscles. However, the impact of enhanced autophagy on sepsis-induced muscle dysfunction remains unclear. Using an inducible and muscle-specific Atg7 knockout mouse model (Atg7iSkM-KO), we investigated the functional importance of skeletal muscle autophagy in sepsis using the cecal ligation and puncture model. Atg7iSkM-KO mice exhibited a more severe phenotype in response to sepsis, marked by severe muscle wasting, hypoglycemia, higher ketone levels, and a decreased in survival as compared to mice with intact Atg7. Sepsis and Atg7 deletion resulted in the accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, although sepsis did not further worsen mitochondrial dysfunction in Atg7iSkM-KO mice. Overall, our study demonstrates that autophagy inactivation in skeletal muscles triggers significant worsening of sepsis-induced muscle and metabolic dysfunctions and negatively impacts survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Department of Critical Care and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Kayla Miguez
- Department of Critical Care and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marina Cefis
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Julie Faitg
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Moamer
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Tomer Jordi Chaffer
- Department of Critical Care and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Olivier Reynaud
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Felipe E. Broering
- Department of Critical Care and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anwar Shams
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, P.O.BOX 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dominique Mayaki
- Department of Critical Care and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Laurent Huck
- Department of Critical Care and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marco Sandri
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) and Department of Biomedical Science, Università di Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Sabah N.A. Hussain
- Department of Critical Care and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Yan F, Wang Q, Yang H, Lv H, Qin W. miR-926-3p influences myocardial injury in septic mice through regulation of mTOR signaling pathway by targeting TSC1. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3826-3838. [PMID: 37171398 PMCID: PMC10449309 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of miR-926-3p on myocardial injury and its mechanisms. METHODS An animal model of sepsis was constructed by CLP, and animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: C group, miR-926-3p inhibitor group, CLP + NC group, and CLP + miR-926-3p inhibitor group. RESULTS Compared with those in C group, echocardiographic parameters remarkably declined in CLP + NC group. Compared with CLP + NC group, miR-926-3p inhibitor group indicated elevated echocardiographic parameters in mice, pathological improvement tendency of myocardial tissues and distinct reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It could be observed by electron microscopy that the number of lysosomes in miR-926-3p inhibitor group was greatly increased relative to CLP + NC group. Immunofluorescence exhibited that the number of green fluorescent puncta was significantly higher in miR-926-3p inhibitor group as compared to that in CLP + NC group. The autophagic flow was verified by observing the relative expression of LC3II at different times. The results of Western blotting manifested that miR-926-3p inhibitor up-regulated mTOR-related protein expressions and down-regulated the protein expression of p-mTOR. LPS was adopted to induce cardiomyocyte injury in vitro, and the results confirmed that, identical to in vivo experiments, miR-926-3p inhibitor was able to up-regulate the protein expressions of mTOR-related protein and down-regulate p-mTOR protein expression in cardiomyocytes. After addition of MHY1485, The expression of mTOR-related proteins changes in each group. CONCLUSION Inhibition of miR-926-3p enhances autophagy through regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway, thus ameliorating myocardial injury in septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, People’s Republic of China
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Lei Y, Jin X, Sun M, Ji Z. RNF7 Induces Skeletal Muscle Cell Apoptosis and Arrests Cell Autophagy via Upregulation of THBS1 and Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in a Rat Sepsis Model. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0053522. [PMID: 36920202 PMCID: PMC10112135 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00535-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been highlighted for extensive functionality in sepsis. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of RNF7 in the progression of sepsis. We initially established a rat model of sepsis through cecal ligation and puncture induction, whereupon RNF7 expression was determined by RT-qPCR. Following adenovirus infection, the role of RNF7 in muscle injury, skeletal muscle protein metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in sepsis rats was analyzed. Then, downstream mechanisms of RNF7 were identified and validated. Further, lipopolysaccharide was applied to treat myoblast to further demonstrate the in vitro role of RNF7. Our results showed that RNF7 expression was upregulated during sepsis. Overexpression of RNF7 worsened the sepsis-induced skeletal muscle injury, induced skeletal muscle protein metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in sepsis rats. Meanwhile, overexpression of RNF7 elevated thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) expression. Silencing of RNF7 inhibited THBS1 and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, arresting the release of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels in skeletal muscle cells. Altogether, RNF7 may promote skeletal muscle cell apoptosis while simultaneously inhibiting cell autophagy through the promotion of THBS1 and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingli Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Klawitter F, Ehler J, Bajorat R, Patejdl R. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness and Critical Illness Myopathy: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5516. [PMID: 36982590 PMCID: PMC10052131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key structures providing most of the energy needed to maintain homeostasis. They are the main source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), participate in glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism, store calcium and are integral components in various intracellular signaling cascades. However, due to their crucial role in cellular integrity, mitochondrial damage and dysregulation in the context of critical illness can severely impair organ function, leading to energetic crisis and organ failure. Skeletal muscle tissue is rich in mitochondria and, therefore, particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and critical illness myopathy (CIM) are phenomena of generalized weakness and atrophying skeletal muscle wasting, including preferential myosin breakdown in critical illness, which has also been linked to mitochondrial failure. Hence, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, dysregulation of the respiratory chain complexes, alterations in gene expression, disturbed signal transduction as well as impaired nutrient utilization have been proposed as underlying mechanisms. This narrative review aims to highlight the current known molecular mechanisms immanent in mitochondrial dysfunction of patients suffering from ICUAW and CIM, as well as to discuss possible implications for muscle phenotype, function and therapeutic approaches.
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Leduc-Gaudet JP, Franco-Romero A, Cefis M, Moamer A, Broering FE, Milan G, Sartori R, Chaffer TJ, Dulac M, Marcangeli V, Mayaki D, Huck L, Shams A, Morais JA, Duchesne E, Lochmuller H, Sandri M, Hussain SNA, Gouspillou G. MYTHO is a novel regulator of skeletal muscle autophagy and integrity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1199. [PMID: 36864049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical process in the regulation of muscle mass, function and integrity. The molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy are complex and still partly understood. Here, we identify and characterize a novel FoxO-dependent gene, d230025d16rik which we named Mytho (Macroautophagy and YouTH Optimizer), as a regulator of autophagy and skeletal muscle integrity in vivo. Mytho is significantly up-regulated in various mouse models of skeletal muscle atrophy. Short term depletion of MYTHO in mice attenuates muscle atrophy caused by fasting, denervation, cancer cachexia and sepsis. While MYTHO overexpression is sufficient to trigger muscle atrophy, MYTHO knockdown results in a progressive increase in muscle mass associated with a sustained activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Prolonged MYTHO knockdown is associated with severe myopathic features, including impaired autophagy, muscle weakness, myofiber degeneration, and extensive ultrastructural defects, such as accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and tubular aggregates. Inhibition of the mTORC1 signaling pathway in mice using rapamycin treatment attenuates the myopathic phenotype triggered by MYTHO knockdown. Skeletal muscles from human patients diagnosed with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) display reduced Mytho expression, activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway and impaired autophagy, raising the possibility that low Mytho expression might contribute to the progression of the disease. We conclude that MYTHO is a key regulator of muscle autophagy and integrity.
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Lu K, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhuang W, Liang XF. Role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (pck1) in mediating nutrient metabolism in zebrafish. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36840800 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most economical source of energy in fish feeds, but most fish have limited ability to utilize carbohydrates. It has been reported that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (pck1) is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and other metabolic processes. However, direct evidence is lacking to fully understand the relationship between pck1 and glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we generated a pck1 knockout zebrafish by CRISPR/cas9 system, and a high-carbohydrate diet was provided to 60 days post-fertilization (dpf) for 8 weeks. We found that pck1-deficient zebrafish displayed decreased plasma glucose, elevated mRNA levels of glycolysis-related genes (gck, pfk, pk), and reduced the transcriptional levels of gluconeogenic genes (pck1, fbp1a) in liver. We also found decreased triglyceride, total cholesterol, and lipid accumulation and in pck1-/- zebrafish, along with downregulation of genes for lipolysis (acaca) and lipogenesis (cpt1). In addition, the observation of HE staining revealed that the total muscle area of pck1-/- was substantially less than that of WT zebrafish and real-time PCR suggested that GH/IGF-1 signaling (ulk2, stat1b) may be suppressed in pck1-deficient fish. Taken together, these findings suggested that pck1 may play an important role in the high-carbohydrate diet utilization of fish and significantly affected lipid metabolism and protein synthesis in zebrafish. pck1 knockout mutant line could facilitate a further mechanism study of pck1-associated metabolic regulation and provide new information for improving carbohydrate utilization traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wuyuan Zhuang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Jiang Y, Wei Q, Liu W, Chen Q, Chen X, Yuan Z, Luo N, Chen X, Wang C. Exploring the Muscle Metabolomics in the Mouse Model of Sepsis-Induced Acquired Weakness. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36016684 PMCID: PMC9398772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6908488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim We aimed to identify the differentially expressing metabolites (DEMs) in the muscles of the mouse model of sepsis-induced acquired weakness (sepsis-AW) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Materials and Methods Sepsis by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) with lower limb immobilization was used to produce a sepsis-AW model. After this, the grip strength of the C57BL/6 male mice was investigated. The transmission electron microscopy was utilized to determine the pathological model. LC-MS was used to detect the metabolic profiles within the mouse muscles. Additionally, a statistically diversified analysis was carried out. Results Compared to the sepsis group, 30 DEMs, including 17 upregulated and 13 down-regulated metabolites, were found in the sepsis-AW group. The enriched metabolic pathways including purine metabolism, valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis, cGMP-PKG pathway, mTOR pathway, FoxO pathway, and PI3K-Akt pathway were found to differ between the two groups. The targeted metabolomics analysis explored significant differences between four amino acid metabolites (leucine, cysteine, tyrosine, and serine) and two energy metabolites (AMP and cAMP) in the muscles of the sepsis-AW experimental model group, which was comparable to the sepsis group. Conclusion The present work identified DEMs and metabolism-related pathways within the muscles of the sepsis-AW mice, which offered valuable experimental data for diagnosis and identification of the pathogenic mechanism underlying sepsis-AW.
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Wu P, Chen L, Cheng J, Pan Y, Zhu X, Chu W, Zhang J. Effect of starvation and refeeding on reactive oxygen species, autophagy and oxidative stress in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) muscle growth. J Fish Biol 2022; 101:168-178. [PMID: 35538670 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, autophagy regulates the development and growth of muscle fibres and maintains the normal muscle metabolism. Under starvation and refeeding conditions, the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels on skeletal muscle autophagy is still unclear, although the excessive accumulation of ROS has been shown to increase autophagy in cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of starvation and diet after starvation on the autophagy of adult Chinese perch muscle, and to determine the level of ROS in the muscle. We performed zero (Normal control), three and seven starvation treatments on adult Chinese perch, and returned to normal feeding for 3 days after starvation for 7 days. In the muscles of the adult Chinese perch muscle after 3 days of starvation, the autophagy marker protein LC3 and the number of autophagosomes remained basically the same as in the normal feeding situation. However, on starvation for 7 days, the mitochondrial autophagy was sensitive and the number of autophagosomes increased, but the antioxidant-related molecules (malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione and anti-superoxide anion) decreased and the accumulation of ROS was obvious. In addition, the extended starvation time also increased the level of LC3 protein. However, by refeeding after starvation this nutritional stress resulted in a decrease in ROS levels and a partial restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity. Our data show that in the adult Chinese perch muscle, starvation could reduce the antioxidant activity through the accumulation of ROS, and that the number of autophagosomes continues to increase. Refeeding after starvation could effectively compensate for the level of ROS, and restore the mRNA abundance of antioxidant genes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce autophagy and improve feed efficiency. Further research should optimize starvation conditions to reduce autophagy in muscles and maintain normal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxiong Pan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
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Gusev E, Liang F, Bhattarai S, Broering FE, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Hussain SNA, Radzioch D, Petrof B. Characterization of skeletal muscle wasting pathways in diaphragm and limb muscles of cystic fibrosis mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R551-R561. [PMID: 35411814 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00225.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients often suffer from skeletal muscle atrophy, most often attributed to physical inactivity and nutritional factors. CF is also characterized by abnormally elevated systemic inflammation. However, it is unknown whether the lack of a functional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene predisposes to exaggerated inflammation-induced muscle proteolysis. METHODS CF mice (CFTR-/-) and their wild-type (WT=CFTR+/+) littermate controls were systemically injected with Pseudomonas-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 24 hours, the diaphragm and limb muscles (fast-twitch tibialis anterior, slow-twitch soleus) were assessed for induction of inflammatory cytokines (TNFa, IL1b, IL6), oxidative stress, canonical muscle proteolysis pathways (Calpain, Ubiquitin-Proteasome, Autophagy), muscle fiber histology, and diaphragm contractile function. RESULTS At baseline, CF and WT muscles did not differ with respect to indices of inflammation, proteolysis, or contractile function. After LPS exposure, there was significantly greater induction of all proteolysis pathways (Calpain activity; Ubiquitin-Proteasome: MuRF1 and Atrogin1; Autophagy: LC3B, Gabarapl-1, BNIP3) in CF mice for the diaphragm and tibialis anterior, but not the soleus. Proteolysis pathway upregulation and correlations with inflammatory cytokine induction were most prominent in the tibialis anterior. Diaphragm force normalized to muscle cross-sectional area was reduced by LPS to an equivalent degree in CF and WT mice. CONCLUSIONS CF skeletal muscles containing a high proportion of fast-twitch fibers (diaphragm, tibialis anterior) exhibit abnormally exaggerated upregulation of multiple muscle wasting pathways after exposure to an acute inflammatory stimulus, but not under basal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Gusev
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, McGill University Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Feng Liang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, McGill University Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Salyan Bhattarai
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, McGill University Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Felipe E Broering
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, McGill University Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Phillipe Leduc-Gaudet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, McGill University Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabah N A Hussain
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, McGill University Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, McGill University Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basil Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, McGill University Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Moreno-rupérez Á, Priego T, González-nicolás MÁ, López-calderón A, Lázaro A, Martín AI. Role of Glucocorticoid Signaling and HDAC4 Activation in Diaphragm and Gastrocnemius Proteolytic Activity in Septic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3641. [PMID: 35408999 PMCID: PMC8998191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis increases glucocorticoid and decreases IGF-1, leading to skeletal muscle wasting and cachexia. Muscle atrophy mainly takes place in locomotor muscles rather than in respiratory ones. Our study aimed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for this difference in muscle proteolysis, focusing on local inflammation and IGF-1 as well as on their glucocorticoid response and HDAC4-myogenin activation. Sepsis was induced in adult male rats by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (10 mg/kg), and 24 h afterwards, rats were euthanized. LPS increased TNFα and IL-10 expression in both muscles studied, the diaphragm and gastrocnemius, whereas IL-6 and SOCS3 mRNA increased only in diaphragm. In comparison with gastrocnemius, diaphragm showed a lower increase in proteolytic marker expression (atrogin-1 and LC3b) and in LC3b protein lipidation after LPS administration. LPS increased the expression of glucocorticoid induced factors, KLF15 and REDD1, and decreased that of IGF-1 in gastrocnemius but not in the diaphragm. In addition, an increase in HDAC4 and myogenin expression was induced by LPS in gastrocnemius, but not in the diaphragm. In conclusion, the lower activation of both glucocorticoid signaling and HDAC4-myogenin pathways by sepsis can be one of the causes of lower sepsis-induced proteolysis in the diaphragm compared to gastrocnemius.
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13
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Ravizzoni Dartora D, Flahault A, Pontes CNR, He Y, Deprez A, Cloutier A, Cagnone G, Gaub P, Altit G, Bigras JL, Joyal JS, Mai Luu T, Burelle Y, Nuyt AM. Cardiac Left Ventricle Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Neonatal Exposure to Hyperoxia: Relevance for Cardiomyopathy After Preterm Birth. Hypertension 2021; 79:575-587. [PMID: 34961326 PMCID: PMC8823906 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Individuals born preterm present left ventricle changes and increased risk of cardiac diseases and heart failure. The pathophysiology of heart disease after preterm birth is incompletely understood. Mitochondria dysfunction is a hallmark of cardiomyopathy resulting in heart failure. We hypothesized that neonatal hyperoxia in rats, a recognized model simulating preterm birth conditions and resulting in oxygen-induced cardiomyopathy, induce left ventricle mitochondrial changes in juvenile rats. We also hypothesized that humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, would be reduced in young adults born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ravizzoni Dartora
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.)
| | - Adrien Flahault
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.)
| | - Carolina N R Pontes
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Goias, Brazil (C.N.R.P.)
| | - Ying He
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.)
| | - Alyson Deprez
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.)
| | - Anik Cloutier
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.)
| | - Gaël Cagnone
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (G.C., P.G., J.-S.J.)
| | - Perrine Gaub
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (G.C., P.G., J.-S.J.)
| | - Gabriel Altit
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.A.)
| | - Jean-Luc Bigras
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (G.C., P.G., J.-S.J.)
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.)
| | - Yan Burelle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada (Y.B.)
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine) and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (D.R.D., A.F., C.N.R.P., Y.H., A.D., A.C., G.C., P.G., J.-L.B., J.-S.J., T.M.L., A.M.N.)
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14
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Abstract
Beside inherited muscle diseases many catabolic conditions such as insulin resistance, malnutrition, cancer growth, aging, infections, chronic inflammatory status, inactivity, obesity are characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength and function. The decrease of muscle quality and quantity increases morbidity, mortality and has a major impact on the quality of life. One of the pathogenetic mechanisms of muscle wasting is the dysregulation of the main protein and organelles quality control system of the cell: the autophagy-lysosome. This review will focus on the role of the autophagy-lysosome system in the different conditions of muscle loss. We will also dissect the signalling pathways that are involved in excessive or defective autophagy regulation. Finally, the state of the art of autophagy modulators that have been used in preclinical or clinical studies to ameliorate muscle mass will be also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Franco-Romero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy; Myology Center, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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15
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Hyatt HW, Powers SK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is a Common Denominator Linking Skeletal Muscle Wasting Due to Disease, Aging, and Prolonged Inactivity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040588. [PMID: 33920468 PMCID: PMC8070615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the body and is required for numerous vital functions, including breathing and locomotion. Notably, deterioration of skeletal muscle mass is also highly correlated to mortality in patients suffering from chronic diseases (e.g., cancer). Numerous conditions can promote skeletal muscle wasting, including several chronic diseases, cancer chemotherapy, aging, and prolonged inactivity. Although the mechanisms responsible for this loss of muscle mass is multifactorial, mitochondrial dysfunction is predicted to be a major contributor to muscle wasting in various conditions. This systematic review will highlight the biochemical pathways that have been shown to link mitochondrial dysfunction to skeletal muscle wasting. Importantly, we will discuss the experimental evidence that connects mitochondrial dysfunction to muscle wasting in specific diseases (i.e., cancer and sepsis), aging, cancer chemotherapy, and prolonged muscle inactivity (e.g., limb immobilization). Finally, in hopes of stimulating future research, we conclude with a discussion of important future directions for research in the field of muscle wasting.
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16
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Li LF, Yu CC, Huang HY, Wu HP, Chu CM, Huang CY, Liu PC, Liu YY. Suppression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α by Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Mitigates Ventilation-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction in a Murine Endotoxemia Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041702. [PMID: 33567713 PMCID: PMC7914863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is required to maintain life for patients with sepsis-related acute lung injury but can cause diaphragmatic myotrauma with muscle damage and weakness, known as ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays a crucial role in inducing inflammation and apoptosis. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was proven to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, HIF-1α and LMWH affect sepsis-related diaphragm injury has not been investigated. We hypothesized that LMWH would reduce endotoxin-augmented VIDD through HIF-1α. C57BL/6 mice, either wild-type or HIF-1α–deficient, were exposed to MV with or without endotoxemia for 8 h. Enoxaparin (4 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously 30 min before MV. MV with endotoxemia aggravated VIDD, as demonstrated by increased interleukin-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 levels, oxidative loads, and the expression of HIF-1α, calpain, caspase-3, atrogin-1, muscle ring finger-1, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II. Disorganized myofibrils, disrupted mitochondria, increased numbers of autophagic and apoptotic mediators, substantial apoptosis of diaphragm muscle fibers, and decreased diaphragm function were also observed (p < 0.05). Endotoxin-exacerbated VIDD and myonuclear apoptosis were attenuated by pharmacologic inhibition by LMWH and in HIF-1α–deficient mice (p < 0.05). Our data indicate that enoxaparin reduces endotoxin-augmented MV-induced diaphragmatic injury, partially through HIF-1α pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fu Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (L.-F.L.); (C.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-P.W.); (C.-M.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (P.-C.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chieh Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (L.-F.L.); (C.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-P.W.); (C.-M.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (P.-C.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (L.-F.L.); (C.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-P.W.); (C.-M.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (P.-C.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Pin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (L.-F.L.); (C.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-P.W.); (C.-M.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (P.-C.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (L.-F.L.); (C.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-P.W.); (C.-M.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (P.-C.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (L.-F.L.); (C.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-P.W.); (C.-M.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (P.-C.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (L.-F.L.); (C.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (H.-P.W.); (C.-M.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (P.-C.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Liu
- Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(886)-2-28712121 (ext. 3071); Fax: +(886)-2-28757858
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17
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Rivera JC, Abrigo J, Tacchi F, Simon F, Brandan E, Santos RA, Bader M, Chiong M, Cabello-verrugio C. Angiotensin-(1-7) Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy via the Mas Receptor in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:9344. [PMID: 33302427 PMCID: PMC7762589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy, which occurs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis, causes a severe muscle function reduction. The increased autophagy contributes to sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in a model of LPS injection, increasing LC3II/LC3I ratio, autophagy flux, and autophagosomes. Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) has anti-atrophic effects via the Mas receptor in skeletal muscle. However, the impact of Ang-(1-7) on LPS-induced autophagy is unknown. In this study, we determined the effect of Ang-(1-7) on sepsis-induced muscle autophagy. C57BL6 wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking the Mas receptor (KO Mas) were injected with LPS together with the systemic administration of Ang-(1-7) to determine autophagy in skeletal muscle. We also evaluated autophagy and p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)activation. Our results show that Ang-(1-7) prevents LPS-induced autophagy in the diaphragm, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius of WT mice, which is demonstrated by a decrease in the LC3II/LC3I ratio and mRNA levels of lc3b and ctsl. This effect was lost in KO Mas mice, suggesting the role of the Mas receptor. The results in C2C12 cells show that Ang-(1-7) reduces several LPS-dependent effects, such as autophagy (LC3II/LC3I ratio, autophagic flux, and autophagosomes), activation of p38 and JNK, B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) phosphorylation, and disassembly of the Beclin1/BCL2 complex. In conclusion, Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor reduces LPS-induced autophagy in skeletal muscle. In vitro assays indicate that Ang-(1-7) prevents LPS-induced autophagy and modifies the MAPK signaling and the disassembly of a complex involved at the beginning of autophagy.
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18
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Olson B, Marks DL, Grossberg AJ. Diverging metabolic programmes and behaviours during states of starvation, protein malnutrition, and cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1429-1446. [PMID: 32985801 PMCID: PMC7749623 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our evolutionary history is defined, in part, by our ability to survive times of nutrient scarcity. The outcomes of the metabolic and behavioural adaptations during starvation are highly efficient macronutrient allocation, minimization of energy expenditure, and maximized odds of finding food. However, in different contexts, caloric deprivation is met with vastly different physiologic and behavioural responses, which challenge the primacy of energy homeostasis. METHODS We conducted a literature review of scientific studies in humans, laboratory animals, and non-laboratory animals that evaluated the physiologic, metabolic, and behavioural responses to fasting, starvation, protein-deficient or essential amino acid-deficient diets, and cachexia. Studies that investigated the changes in ingestive behaviour, locomotor activity, resting metabolic rate, and tissue catabolism were selected as the focus of discussion. RESULTS Whereas starvation responses prioritize energy balance, both protein malnutrition and cachexia present existential threats that induce unique adaptive programmes, which can exacerbate the caloric insufficiency of undernutrition. We compare and contrast the behavioural and metabolic responses and elucidate the mechanistic pathways that drive state-dependent alterations in energy seeking and partitioning. CONCLUSIONS The evolution of energetically inefficient metabolic and behavioural responses to protein malnutrition and cachexia reveal a hierarchy of metabolic priorities governed by discrete regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Olson
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Daniel L. Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Aaron J. Grossberg
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Department of Radiation MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
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19
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Jennaro TS, Puskarich MA, McCann MR, Gillies CE, Pai MP, Karnovsky A, Evans CR, Jones AE, Stringer KA. Using l-Carnitine as a Pharmacologic Probe of the Interpatient and Metabolic Variability of Sepsis. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:913-923. [PMID: 32688453 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to discuss the therapeutic use and differential treatment response to Levo-carnitine (l-carnitine) treatment in septic shock, and to demonstrate common lessons learned that are important to the advancement of precision medicine approaches to sepsis. We propose that significant interpatient variability in the metabolic response to l-carnitine and clinical outcomes can be used to elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings that contribute to sepsis heterogeneity. METHODS A narrative review was conducted that focused on explaining interpatient variability in l-carnitine treatment response. Relevant biological and patient-level characteristics considered include genetic, metabolic, and morphomic phenotypes; potential drug interactions; and pharmacokinetics (PKs). MAIN RESULTS Despite promising results in a phase I study, a recent phase II clinical trial of l-carnitine treatment in septic shock showed a nonsignificant reduction in mortality. However, l-carnitine treatment induces significant interpatient variability in l-carnitine and acylcarnitine concentrations over time. In particular, administration of l-carnitine induces a broad, dynamic range of serum concentrations and measured peak concentrations are associated with mortality. Applied systems pharmacology may explain variability in drug responsiveness by using patient characteristics to identify pretreatment phenotypes most likely to derive benefit from l-carnitine. Moreover, provocation of sepsis metabolism with l-carnitine offers a unique opportunity to identify metabolic response signatures associated with patient outcomes. These approaches can unmask latent metabolic pathways deranged in the sepsis syndrome and offer insight into the pathophysiology, progression, and heterogeneity of the disease. CONCLUSIONS The compiled evidence suggests there are several potential explanations for the variability in carnitine concentrations and clinical response to l-carnitine in septic shock. These serve as important confounders that should be considered in interpretation of l-carnitine clinical studies and broadly holds lessons for future clinical trial design in sepsis. Consideration of these factors is needed if precision medicine in sepsis is to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S Jennaro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael A Puskarich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marc R McCann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher E Gillies
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care (MCIRCC), School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Michigan Institute for Data Science, Office of Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Manjunath P Pai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care (MCIRCC), School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alla Karnovsky
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles R Evans
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (MRC2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alan E Jones
- Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kathleen A Stringer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care (MCIRCC), School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Leduc-Gaudet JP, Mayaki D, Reynaud O, Broering FE, Chaffer TJ, Hussain SNA, Gouspillou G. Parkin Overexpression Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Muscle Wasting. Cells 2020; 9:E1454. [PMID: 32545383 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis elicits skeletal muscle weakness and fiber atrophy. The accumulation of injured mitochondria and depressed mitochondrial functions are considered as important triggers of sepsis-induced muscle atrophy. It is unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunctions in septic muscles are due to the inadequate activation of quality control processes. We hypothesized that overexpressing Parkin, a protein responsible for the recycling of dysfunctional mitochondria by the autophagy pathway (mitophagy), would confer protection against sepsis-induced muscle atrophy by improving mitochondrial quality and content. Parkin was overexpressed for four weeks in the limb muscles of four-week old mice using intramuscular injections of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). The cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) procedure was used to induce sepsis. Sham operated animals were used as controls. All animals were studied for 48 h post CLP. Sepsis resulted in major body weight loss and myofiber atrophy. Parkin overexpression prevented myofiber atrophy in CLP mice. Quantitative two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy revealed that sepsis is associated with the accumulation of enlarged and complex mitochondria, an effect which was attenuated by Parkin overexpression. Parkin overexpression also prevented a sepsis-induced decrease in the content of mitochondrial subunits of NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase. We conclude that Parkin overexpression prevents sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, likely by improving mitochondrial quality and contents.
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Moroz N, Maes K, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Goldberg P, Petrof BJ, Mayaki D, Vassilakopoulos T, Rassier D, Gayan-Ramirez G, Hussain SN. Oxidants Regulated Diaphragm Proteolysis during Mechanical Ventilation in Rats. Anesthesiology 2019; 131:605-18. [PMID: 31408447 DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC Diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy develop during controlled mechanical ventilation. Although oxidative stress injures muscle during controlled mechanical ventilation, it is unclear whether it causes autophagy or fiber atrophy. WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW Pretreatment of rats undergoing 24 h of mechanical ventilation with N-acetylcysteine prevents decreases in diaphragm contractility, inhibits the autophagy and proteasome pathways, but has no influence on the development of diaphragm fiber atrophy. BACKGROUND Diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy develop during prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation. Fiber atrophy has been attributed to activation of the proteasome and autophagy proteolytic pathways. Oxidative stress activates the proteasome during controlled mechanical ventilation, but it is unclear whether it also activates autophagy. This study investigated whether pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine affects controlled mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm contractile dysfunction, fiber atrophy, and proteasomal and autophagic pathway activation. The study also explored whether proteolytic pathway activity during controlled mechanical ventilation is mediated by microRNAs that negatively regulate ubiquitin E3 ligases and autophagy-related genes. METHODS Three groups of adult male rats were studied (n = 10 per group). The animals in the first group were anesthetized and allowed to spontaneously breathe. Animals in the second group were pretreated with saline before undergoing controlled mechanical ventilation for 24 h. The animals in the third group were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg) before undergoing controlled mechanical ventilation for 24 h. Diaphragm contractility and activation of the proteasome and autophagy pathways were measured. Expressions of microRNAs that negatively regulate ubiquitin E3 ligases and autophagy-related genes were measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Controlled mechanical ventilation decreased diaphragm twitch force from 428 ± 104 g/cm (mean ± SD) to 313 ± 50 g/cm and tetanic force from 2,491 ± 411 g/cm to 1,618 ± 177 g/cm. Controlled mechanical ventilation also decreased diaphragm fiber size, increased expression of several autophagy genes, and augmented Atrogin-1, MuRF1, and Nedd4 expressions by 36-, 41-, and 8-fold, respectively. Controlled mechanical ventilation decreased the expressions of six microRNAs (miR-20a, miR-106b, miR-376, miR-101a, miR-204, and miR-93) that regulate autophagy genes. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine prevented diaphragm contractile dysfunction, attenuated protein ubiquitination, and downregulated E3 ligase and autophagy gene expression. It also reversed controlled mechanical ventilation-induced microRNA expression decreases. N-Acetylcysteine pretreatment had no affect on fiber atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation activates the proteasome and autophagy pathways in the diaphragm through oxidative stress. Pathway activation is accomplished, in part, through inhibition of microRNAs that negatively regulate autophagy-related genes.
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Leermakers PA, Remels AHV, Langen RCJ, Schols AMWJ, Gosker HR. Pulmonary inflammation-induced alterations in key regulators of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in murine skeletal muscle. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:20. [PMID: 31964384 PMCID: PMC6975090 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both mitophagy, a selective mechanism for clearance of mitochondria, and mitochondrial biogenesis are key processes determining mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity of the musculature. Abnormalities in these processes could therefore contribute to deterioration of peripheral muscle oxidative capacity as observed in e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although it has been suggested that inflammatory mediators can modulate both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, it is unknown whether acute pulmonary inflammation affects these processes in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesised that molecular signalling patterns of mitochondrial breakdown and biogenesis temporally shift towards increased breakdown and decreased biogenesis in the skeletal muscle of mice exposed to one single bolus of IT-LPS, as a model for acute lung injury and pulmonary inflammation. Methods We investigated multiple important constituents and molecular regulators of mitochondrial breakdown, biogenesis, dynamics, and mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle over time in a murine (FVB/N background) model of acute pulmonary- and systemic inflammation induced by a single bolus of intra-tracheally (IT)-instilled lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, we compared the expression of these constituents between gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. Results Both in soleus and gastrocnemius muscle, IT-LPS instillation resulted in molecular patterns indicative of activation of mitophagy. This coincided with modulation of mRNA transcript abundance of genes involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission as well as an initial decrease and subsequent recovery of transcript levels of key proteins involved in the molecular regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, no solid differences in markers for mitochondrial content were found. Conclusions These data suggest that one bolus of IT-LPS results in a temporal modulation of mitochondrial clearance and biogenesis in both oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle, which is insufficient to result in a reduction of mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A Leermakers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander H V Remels
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon C J Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry R Gosker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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23
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Gao Q, Bi P, Luo D, Guan Y, Zeng W, Xiang H, Mi Q, Yang G, Li X, Yang B. Nicotine-induced autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway exerts protective effect in colitis mouse model. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108943. [PMID: 31926917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that cigarette smoking is beneficial in ulcerative colitis and that nicotine may be responsible for this effect. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In a previous study, nicotine was found to induce autophagy in intestinal cells. Here, we evaluated the effect of nicotine-induced autophagy in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. C57BL/6 adult male mice drank DSS water solution freely for seven consecutive days, and then tap water was administered. The effect of nicotine treatment was examined in the DSS model, including colon length, disease severity, histology of the colon tissue, and inflammation levels. Moreover, autophagy levels were detected by Western blot analysis (LC3II/LC3I, p62, and beclin-1). The levels of DSS-induced colitis were significantly decreased following nicotine treatment. The disease activity score, body weight, histologic damage scores, and the level of colonic inflammatory factors of nicotine-treated mice all decreased compared to those of the control mice. Additionally, nicotine enhanced the expression of LC3II/LC3I and beclin-1 but decreased the p62 protein level. Inhibiting autophagy by 3-MA attenuated the protective effects of nicotine on colitis. Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed changes in AMPK-mTOR-P70S6K during this process. These results suggest that nicotine improved colitis by regulating autophagy and provided a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Pinduan Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ding Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Wanli Zeng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Qili Mi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Guangyu Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Bandyopadhaya A, Tzika AA, Rahme LG. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Molecule Alters Skeletal Muscle Protein Homeostasis by Perturbing the Antioxidant Defense System. mBio 2019; 10:e02211-19. [PMID: 31575771 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02211-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function is compromised in many illnesses, including chronic infections. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing (QS) signal, 2-amino acetophenone (2-AA), is produced during acute and chronic infections and excreted in human tissues, including the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. We have shown that 2-AA facilitates pathogen persistence, likely via its ability to promote the formation of bacterial persister cells, and that it acts as an interkingdom immunomodulatory signal that epigenetically reprograms innate immune functions. Moreover, 2-AA compromises muscle contractility and impacts the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in skeletal muscle and in mitochondrial functions. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms of 2-AA's impairment of skeletal muscle function and ROS homeostasis. Murine in vivo and differentiated C2C12 myotube cell studies showed that 2-AA promotes ROS generation in skeletal muscle via the modulation of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, NAD(P)H oxidase2 (NOX2) protein level, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. ROS accumulation triggers the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), likely upstream of the observed locations of induction of ubiquitin ligases Muscle RING Finger 1 (MuRF1) and Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx), and induces autophagy-related proteins. The protein-level perturbation in skeletal muscle of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1), and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is rescued by the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Together, these results unveil a novel form of action of a QS bacterial molecule and provide molecular insights into the 2-AA-mediated skeletal muscle dysfunction caused by P. aeruginosa IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium that is resistant to treatment, causes serious acute, persistent, and relapsing infections in humans. There is increasing evidence that bacterial excreted small molecules play a critical role during infection. We have shown that a quorum sensing (QS)-regulated excreted small molecule, 2-AA, which is abundantly produced by P. aeruginosa, promotes persistent infections, dampens host inflammation, and triggers mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. QS is a cell-to-cell communication system utilized by bacteria to promote collective behaviors. The significance of our study in identifying a mechanism that leads to skeletal muscle dysfunction, via the action of a QS molecule, is that it may open new avenues in the control of muscle loss as a result of infection and sepsis. Given that QS is a common characteristic of prokaryotes, it is possible that 2-AA-like molecules promoting similar effects may exist in other pathogens.
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Moarbes V, Mayaki D, Huck L, Leblanc P, Vassilakopoulos T, Petrof BJ, Hussain SNA. Differential regulation of myofibrillar proteins in skeletal muscles of septic mice. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14248. [PMID: 31660704 PMCID: PMC6817996 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis elicits skeletal muscle atrophy as a result of decreased total protein synthesis and/or increased total protein degradation. It is unknown how and whether sepsis differentially affects the expression of specific myofibrillar proteins in respiratory and limb muscles. In this study, we measured the effects of sepsis myofibrillar mRNAs and their corresponding protein levels in the diaphragm (DIA) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in a murine cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) model of sepsis. Male mice (C57/BL6j) underwent CLP-induced sepsis. Sham-operated mice were subjected to the same surgical procedures, except for CLP. Mice were euthanized 24, 48, or 96 h postsurgery. Transcript and protein levels of autophagy-related genes, ubiquitin E3 ligases, and several myofibrillar genes were quantified. Sepsis elicited transient fiber atrophy in the DIA and prolonged atrophy in the TA. Atrophy was coincident with increased autophagy and ubiquitin E3 ligase expression. Myosin heavy chain isoforms decreased at 24 h in the DIA and across the time-course in the TA, myosin light chain isoforms decreased across the time-course in both muscles, and troponins T and C as well as tropomyosin decreased after 24 and 48 h in both the DIA and TA. α-Actin and troponin I were unaffected by sepsis. Sepsis-induced decreases in myofibrillar protein levels coincided with decreased mRNA expressions of these proteins, suggesting that transcriptional inhibition is involved. We hypothesize that sepsis-induced muscle atrophy is mediated by decreased transcription and enhanced degradation of specific myofibrillar proteins, including myosin heavy and light chains, troponin C, troponin T, and tropomyosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Moarbes
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases ProgramResearch Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
- Department of Critical CareMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Dominique Mayaki
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases ProgramResearch Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
- Department of Critical CareMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Laurent Huck
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases ProgramResearch Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
- Department of Critical CareMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Philippe Leblanc
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases ProgramResearch Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
- Department of Critical CareMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Theodoros Vassilakopoulos
- Critical Care Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Evgenideion HospitalAthensGreece
- Department of MedicineMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Basil J. Petrof
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases ProgramResearch Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
- Department of Critical CareMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Sabah N. A. Hussain
- Meakins‐Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases ProgramResearch Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
- Department of Critical CareMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
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Kim T, Huh S, Kim SY, Han J, Lee SE, Cho WH, Kim YS, Jeon DS, Yeo HJ. ICU rehabilitation is associated with reduced long-term mortality from sepsis in patients with low skeletal muscle mass: a case control study. Ann Transl Med 2019; 7:430. [PMID: 31700866 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether intensive care unit (ICU)-rehabilitation reduces mortality from sepsis in low skeletal muscle mass. We evaluated whether the association of ICU-rehabilitation with mortality from sepsis differs between patients with and without low skeletal muscle mass. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 516 patients with sepsis who were admitted to the ICU between June 2011 and August 2017. The skeletal muscle area at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was measured with CT on admission. Patients were divided into two groups (low skeletal muscle mass and non-low skeletal muscle mass), and clinical outcomes were compared in patients treated with ICU-rehabilitation and without ICU-rehabilitation within each subgroup. We used Cox regression to examine factors associated with 1-year mortality in each subgroup. Results Low skeletal muscle mass was diagnosed in 421 (81.6%). ICU-rehabilitation was conducted to 51.1% low skeletal muscle mass patients and 54.7% non-low skeletal muscle mass patients. In the low skeletal muscle mass subgroup, in-hospital mortality (26.0% vs. 39.8%, P=0.003) and 6-month mortality (38.6% vs. 51.5%, P=0.008) were lower in the ICU-rehabilitation group. However, there were no differences in the non-low skeletal muscle mass group. In the multivariate analysis, ICU-rehabilitation was independently associated with reduced 1-year mortality in low skeletal muscle mass patients (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.87, P=0.003), but not in non-low skeletal muscle mass patients. Conclusions ICU-rehabilitation was independently associated with reduced 1-year mortality from sepsis among low skeletal muscle mass patients, but not among non-low skeletal muscle mass patients. Therefore, the delayed initiation of ICU-rehabilitation should be avoided, especially in low skeletal muscle mass patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwa Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Huh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Han
- Department of Statistics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Cho
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seong Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Soo Jeon
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ju Yeo
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Abrigo J, Simon F, Cabrera D, Vilos C, Cabello-Verrugio C. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle Pathologies. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:536-546. [PMID: 30947668 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190402100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several molecular mechanisms are involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle function. Among them, mitochondrial activity can be identified. The mitochondria is an important and essential organelle in the skeletal muscle that is involved in metabolic regulation and ATP production, which are two key elements of muscle contractibility and plasticity. Thus, in this review, we present the critical and recent antecedents regarding the mechanisms through which mitochondrial dysfunction can be involved in the generation and development of skeletal muscle pathologies, its contribution to detrimental functioning in skeletal muscle and its crosstalk with other typical signaling pathways related to muscle diseases. In addition, an update on the development of new strategies with therapeutic potential to inhibit the deleterious impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Abrigo
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Vilos
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Targeted Delivery, Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine. Universidad d e Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Liu Y, Chen N, Chang C, Lin S, Kao K, Hu H, Chang G, Li L. Ethyl pyruvate attenuates ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction through high-mobility group box-1 in a murine endotoxaemia model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5679-5691. [PMID: 31339670 PMCID: PMC6652995 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) can save the lives of patients with sepsis. However, MV in both animal and human studies has resulted in ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Sepsis may promote skeletal muscle atrophy in critically ill patients. Elevated high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels are associated with patients requiring long-term MV. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has been demonstrated to lengthen survival in patients with severe sepsis. We hypothesized that the administration of HMGB1 inhibitor EP or anti-HMGB1 antibody could attenuate sepsis-exacerbated VIDD by repressing HMGB1 signalling. Male C57BL/6 mice with or without endotoxaemia were exposed to MV (10 mL/kg) for 8 hours after administrating either 100 mg/kg of EP or 100 mg/kg of anti-HMGB1 antibody. Mice exposed to MV with endotoxaemia experienced augmented VIDD, as indicated by elevated proteolytic, apoptotic and autophagic parameters. Additionally, disarrayed myofibrils and disrupted mitochondrial ultrastructures, as well as increased HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein, oxidative stress, autophagosomes and myonuclear apoptosis were also observed. However, MV suppressed mitochondrial cytochrome C and diaphragm contractility in mice with endotoxaemia (P < 0.05). These deleterious effects were alleviated by pharmacologic inhibition with EP or anti-HMGB1 antibody (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that EP attenuates endotoxin-enhanced VIDD by inhibiting HMGB1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung‐Yang Liu
- Chest DepartmentTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Institutes of Clinical MedicineSchool of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ning‐Hung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Respiratory TherapyChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hao Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Respiratory TherapyChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Kuo‐Chin Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Respiratory TherapyChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Han‐Chung Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Respiratory TherapyChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Gwo‐Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical SciencesChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Li‐Fu Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Respiratory TherapyChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
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Jia J, Gong X, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Ji K, Luan T, Zang B, Li G. Autophagy Enhancing Contributes to the Organ Protective Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Septic Rats. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1491. [PMID: 31333648 PMCID: PMC6615199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) reportedly has protective effects against sepsis, which is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is associated with multiple organ dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate further the possible action mechanisms of ALA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in order to establish a sepsis model. The rats received an oral gavage of 200 mg/kg ALA or saline immediately after surgery. The heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximum rising and lowering rates of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt) were examined for assessing the cardiac function. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels were assessed for evaluating renal function. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NAGL) was examined for reflecting acute renal injury. Histopathological alterations of the small intestine were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The ultrastructure of the small intestine and kidney was observed under electron microscopy. The levels of autophagy- and inflammation-associated proteins were determined via western blot analysis. The binding of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) to DNA was tested via an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Cell apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining. ALA treatment improved the survival rate, restored the loss of body weight and pro-inflammatory cytokines production in the serum of CLP-induced septic rats. ALA improved the cardiac and renal functions, downregulated the expression levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the myocardium and small intestine of septic rats. ALA treatment also inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway in the small intestine. An examination of autophagy showed that ALA increased the LC3II/I ratio, upregulated Atg5, Atg7, and beclin-1 and downregulated p62 protein levels in the myocardium, kidney, and small intestine of septic rats, and further promoted autophagosome accumulation in the kidney and small intestine. In addition, ALA could also reduce cell apoptosis in myocardium, kidney and small intestine tissues. These effects can be completely or party inhibited by 3-MA. Our findings suggest that autophagy enhancing may contribute to the organ protective effect of ALA in septic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaiqiang Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Luan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Zang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guofu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Custodero C, Wu Q, Ghita GL, Anton SD, Brakenridge SC, Brumback BA, Efron PA, Gardner AK, Leeuwenburgh C, Moldawer LL, Petersen JW, Moore FA, Mankowski RT. Prognostic value of NT-proBNP levels in the acute phase of sepsis on lower long-term physical function and muscle strength in sepsis survivors. Crit Care 2019; 23:230. [PMID: 31234943 PMCID: PMC6589880 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Sepsis survivors often develop chronic critical illness (CCI) and demonstrate the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome predisposing them to long-term functional limitations and higher mortality. There is a need to identify biomarkers that can predict long-term worsening of physical function to be able to act early and prevent mobility loss. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a well-accepted biomarker of cardiac overload, but it has also been shown to be associated with long-term physical function decline. We explored whether NT-proBNP blood levels in the acute phase of sepsis are associated with physical function and muscle strength impairment at 6 and 12 months after sepsis onset. Methods This is a retrospective analysis conducted in 196 sepsis patients (aged 18–86 years old) as part of the University of Florida (UF) Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center (SCIRC) who consented to participate in the 12-month follow-up study. NT-proBNP was measured at 24 h after sepsis onset. Patients were followed to determine physical function by short physical performance battery (SPPB) test score (scale 0 to12—higher score corresponds with better physical function) and upper limb muscle strength by hand grip strength test (kilograms) at 6 and 12 months. We used a multivariate linear regression model to test an association between NT-proBNP levels, SPPB, and hand grip strength scores. Missing follow-up data or absence due to death was accounted for by using inverse probability weighting based on concurrent health performance status scores. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results After adjusting for covariates (age, gender, race, Charlson comorbidity index, APACHE II score, and presence of CCI condition), higher levels of NT-proBNP at 24 h after sepsis onset were associated with lower SPPB scores at 12 months (p < 0.05) and lower hand grip strength at 6-month (p < 0.001) and 12-month follow-up (p < 0.05). Conclusions NT-proBNP levels during the acute phase of sepsis may be a useful indicator of higher risk of long-term impairments in physical function and muscle strength in sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Custodero
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Quran Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela L Ghita
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Babette A Brumback
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna K Gardner
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John W Petersen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Lu Z, Ge H, Xu L, Guo F, Zhang G, Wu Y. Alterations in diaphragmatic function assessed by ultrasonography in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis. J Clin Ultrasound 2019; 47:206-211. [PMID: 30671990 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess alteration of diaphragmatic function by ultrasonography in a population of mechanically ventilated patients with or without sepsis. METHODS We performed a prospective, 6-month, single-center, observational cohort study. Mechanically ventilated septic and nonseptic patients were studied within 24 hours following intubation and before the moment of ventilator liberation. Diaphragm thickness and contractile activity (quantified by diaphragmatic thickening fraction, DTF) were measured by ultrasonography at the zone of apposition. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were measured. RESULTS Fifty-two critically ill patients were included, 28 with sepsis and 24 without sepsis. Upon initiation of ventilation, DTF was lower in septic than that in nonseptic patients (P = 0.03). No difference was observed between septic and nonseptic patients for diaphragm thickness. Mean 188 ± 111 hours after the first measurement, both diaphragm thickness and DTF decreased significantly compared with first measurements in septic and nonseptic patients, all P < 0.001. Diaphragm thickness decreased by 9.1 ± 10.7% in nonseptic and by 16.0 ± 13.5% in septic patients, P = 0.049. DTF decreased by 15.2 ± 21.3% in nonseptic and by 30.7 ± 22.0% in septic patients, P = 0.013. CONCLUSIONS Mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis were associated with an earlier and more severe diaphragm dysfunction compared with patients without sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Ge
- Department of Respiratory Care, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lilong Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinshan Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in intensive care units, and cardiac dysfunction is an identified serious component of the multi-organ failure associated with this critical condition. This review summarized the current discoveries and hypotheses of how autophagy changes in the heart during sepsis and the underlying mechanisms. Recent investigations suggest that specific activation of autophagy initiation factor Beclin-1 has a potential to protect cardiac mitochondria, attenuate inflammation, and improve cardiac function in sepsis. Accordingly, pharmacological interventions targeting this pathway have a potential to become an effective approach to control sepsis outcomes. The role of autophagy during sepsis pathogenesis has been under intensive investigation in recent years. It is expected that developing therapeutic approaches with specificities targeting at autophagy regulatory factors may provide new opportunities to alleviate organ dysfunction caused by maladaptive autophagy during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Sun
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390 Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, 110122 Shenyang, China.
| | - Qun S Zang
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390 Dallas, TX, USA.
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Zhang YY, Gu LJ, Huang J, Cai MC, Yu HL, Zhang W, Bao JF, Yuan WJ. CKD autophagy activation and skeletal muscle atrophy-a preliminary study of mitophagy and inflammation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:950-960. [PMID: 30607007 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Long-lived proteins and organelles, such as mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, are degraded by autophagy. However, the specific role of autophagy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) muscle atrophy is still undefined. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with 20 subjects and 11 controls. Autophagy induction was studied in human skeletal muscle biopsies from CKD patients and controls by comparing the cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers, protein, and mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes and the appearance of autophagosomes. RESULTS The cross-sectional area of muscle fibers was decreased in CKD patients as compared with the control group. CKD was associated with activated autophagy and mitophagy, as measured by the elevated mRNA and protein expression of BNIP3, (microtubule-associated proteins 1 A/1B light chain 3, also MAP1LC3) LC3, p62, PINK1, and PARKIN in the skeletal muscle and isolated mitochondria of the CKD group. Electron microscopy and immunohistofluorescence analysis showed mitochondrial engulfment by autophagosomes. Mitophagy was further demonstrated by the colocalization of LC3 and p62 puncta with the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOM20. In addition, degradative FOXO3 (Forkhead box O3) was activated and synthetic mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) was inhibited, whereas the upstream mediators VPS34 (class III PI3-kinase) and AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) were activated in CKD patients. CONCLUSIONS Hyperactive autophagy and mitophagy may play important roles in CKD muscle atrophy. Autophagy was activated by FOXO3 translational factors in the skeletal muscle tissues of CKD patients, which maybe a new way of intervention for CKD muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yue Zhang
- Devision of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Li Jie Gu
- Devision of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Devision of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Min Chao Cai
- Devision of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hong Lei Yu
- Devision of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Devision of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jin Fang Bao
- Devision of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Wei Jie Yuan
- Devision of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Probst JJ, Martins GHC, Dos Santos Sumar AH, Vieira AM, Bion M, Bobinski F, Horewicz VV, Martins DF, Dos Santos ARS, Bonorino KC, Luiz Dafre A, de Camargo Hizume Kunzler D. Pulmonary and muscle profile in pneumosepsis: A temporal analysis of inflammatory markers. Cytokine 2019; 114:128-34. [PMID: 30470659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In sepsis, greater understanding of the inflammatory mechanism involved would provide insights into the condition and into its extension to the muscular apparatus in critically ill patients. Therefore, this study evaluates the inflammatory profile of pneumosepsis induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.p.) in lungs and skeletal muscles during the first 72 h. Male BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups, submitted to intratracheal inoculation of K.p. at a concentration of 2 × 108 (PS) or PBS, and assessed after 24 (PS24), 48 (PS48) and 72 (PS72) hours. The Maximum Physical Capacity Test (MPCT) was performed before and after induction. Pulmonary inflammation was assessed by total cell number, nitric oxide levels (NOx), IL-1β and TNF-α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); inflammation and muscle trophism were evaluated by the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β and BDNF by ELISA and NF-κB by western blotting in muscle tissue. Cells and colony forming units (CFU) were also analyzed in blood samples. The PS groups showed an increase in total cells in the BALF (p < 0.05), as well in the number of granulocytes in the blood (p < 0.05) and a decrease in performance in the MPCT (p < 0.05). NOx levels showed significant increase in PS72, when compared to Control group (p = 0.03). The PS24 showed a significant increase lung in TNF-α levels (p < 0.001) and in CFU (p = 0.013). We observed an increase in muscular IL-6 and nuclear NF-κB levels in PS24 group, when compared to PS48 and Control groups (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, mild signs of injury in the skeletal muscle tissue does not support the idea of an early muscular injury in this experimental model, suggesting that the low performance of the animals during the MPCT may be related to lung inflammation.
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Mechanical ventilation (MV) is life-saving for patients with acute respiratory failure but also causes difficult liberation of patients from ventilator due to rapid decrease of diaphragm muscle endurance and strength, which is termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic damage (VIDD). Numerous studies have revealed that VIDD could increase extubation failure, ICU stay, ICU mortality, and healthcare expenditures. However, the mechanisms of VIDD, potentially involving a multistep process including muscle atrophy, oxidative loads, structural damage, and muscle fiber remodeling, are not fully elucidated. Further research is necessary to unravel mechanistic framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying VIDD, especially mitochondrial dysfunction and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and develop better MV strategies, rehabilitative programs, and pharmacologic agents to translate this knowledge into clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yang Liu
- 1 Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,2 Institutes of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fu Li
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,4 Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Kubiak CA, Ranganathan K, Matusko N, Jacobson JA, Wang SC, Park PK, Levi BL. Computed Tomography Evidence of Psoas Muscle Atrophy Without Concomitant Tendon Wasting in Early Sepsis. J Surg Res 2018; 234:210-216. [PMID: 30527476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphomic studies have demonstrated a correlation between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes in septic patients. However, tendon morphomics has not yet been studied in this context. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate tendon morphology in septic patients through analytic morphomics. We hypothesized that morphomic analyses would reveal concomitant muscle and tendon wasting in sepsis patients. The results of this study may help to implement different rehabilitation modalities for critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The volume and fat content of bilateral psoas muscles and tendons were measured on abdominal computed tomography scans of 25 ICU septic and 25 control trauma patients admitted to the University of Michigan between 2011 and 2012. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between psoas muscle and tendon morphometric data, and the association with clinical variables such as smoking and comorbidities. RESULTS Average psoas muscle volume was 12.21 ± 5.6 cm3 for control patients and 9.318 ± 3.3 cm3 in septic patients (P = 0.0023). The average psoas muscle/fat ratio for septic patients was 0.0288 ± 0.071 cm3, compared with 0.0107 ± 0.008 cm3 in the control group (P = 0.075). Average tendon volume in the septic population (0.508 ± 0.191 cm3) was not different than the control cohort (0.493 ± 0.182 cm3) (P = 0.692). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate significantly smaller psoas muscle volume in septic patients than in age-, gender-, and BMI-matched trauma patients but no demonstrable change in tendon morphology between patient groups. These findings begin to define the boundaries of clinical application within the field of morphomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Kubiak
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Niki Matusko
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jon A Jacobson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stewart C Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pauline K Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin L Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Martín AI, Gómez-SanMiguel AB, Priego T, López-Calderón A. Formoterol treatment prevents the effects of endotoxin on muscle TNF/NF-kB, Akt/mTOR, and proteolytic pathways in a rat model. Role of IGF-I and miRNA 29b. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E705-E714. [PMID: 29969314 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are associated with muscle wasting as a result of an increase in proteolysis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether administration of a β2 adrenergic agonist, formoterol, was able to prevent the acute effects of sepsis induced by liposaccharide (LPS) injection on rat gastrocnemius muscle and to evaluate the possible roles of corticosterone, IGF-I, miR-23a, and miR-29b. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were injected with LPS and/or formoterol. Formoterol treatment decreased LPS-induced increase in serum corticosterone, TNFα upregulation, and NF-κB(p65) and Forkhead box protein O1 activation in the gastrocnemius. Atrogin-1, muscle RING-finger protein-1, microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3b (LC3b), and the lipidation of LC3b-I to LC3b-II were increased by LPS, and formoterol blocked these effects. Serum IGF-I and its mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius were decreased, whereas mecano growth factor and IGF binding protein 3 mRNA levels were increased in the rats injected with LPS but not in the rats that received LPS and formoterol. Similarly, LPS decreased Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation, and formoterol blocked these decreases. Finally, miR-29b expression in the gastrocnemius was upregulated by endotoxin injection, whereas miR-23a was not significantly different. Formoterol treatment did not significantly modify LPS-induced increase in muscle miR-29b. Furthermore, in control rats formoterol increased the expression of this miRNA. We conclude that formoterol decreases endotoxin-induced inflammation and proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle. Those responses can be a direct effect of β2 adrenergic receptor stimulation or/and of blocking the effects of LPS on corticosterone and IGF-I. Muscle miR-23a and -29b do not seem to play an important role in those responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Martín
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Teresa Priego
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
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Li LF, Liu YY, Chen NH, Chen YH, Huang CC, Kao KC, Chang CH, Chuang LP, Chiu LC. Attenuation of ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction through toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB in a murine endotoxemia model. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1170-83. [PMID: 29925937 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is often used to maintain life in patients with sepsis and sepsis-related acute lung injury. However, controlled MV may cause diaphragm weakness due to muscle injury and atrophy, an effect termed ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways may elicit sepsis-related acute inflammatory responses and muscle protein degradation and mediate the pathogenic mechanisms of VIDD. However, the mechanisms regulating the interactions between VIDD and endotoxemia are unclear. We hypothesized that mechanical stretch with or without endotoxin treatment would augment diaphragmatic structural damage, the production of free radicals, muscle proteolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy of the diaphragm via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice, either wild-type or TLR4-deficient, aged between 6 and 8 weeks were exposed to MV (6 mL/kg or 10 mL/kg) with or without endotoxemia for 8 h. Nonventilated mice were used as controls. MV with endotoxemia aggravated VIDD, as demonstrated by the increases in the expression levels of TLR4, caspase-3, atrogin-1, muscle ring finger-1, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II. In addition, increased NF-κB phosphorylation and oxidative loads, disorganized myofibrils, disrupted mitochondria, autophagy, and myonuclear apoptosis were also observed. Furthermore, MV with endotoxemia reduced P62 levels and diaphragm muscle fiber size (P < 0.05). Endotoxin-exacerbated VIDD was attenuated by pharmacologic inhibition with a NF-κB inhibitor or in TLR4-deficient mice (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that endotoxin-augmented MV-induced diaphragmatic injury occurs through the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Petrof BJ. Diaphragm Weakness in the Critically Ill: Basic Mechanisms Reveal Therapeutic Opportunities. Chest 2018; 154:1395-403. [PMID: 30144420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.08.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration. Its capacity to respond to the load imposed by pulmonary disease is a major determining factor both in the onset of ventilatory failure and in the ability to successfully separate patients from ventilator support. It has recently been established that a very large proportion of critically ill patients exhibit major weakness of the diaphragm, which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The two greatest risk factors for the development of diaphragm weakness in critical illness are the use of mechanical ventilation and the presence of sepsis. Loss of force production by the diaphragm under these conditions is caused by a combination of defective contractility and reduced diaphragm muscle mass. Importantly, many of the same molecular mechanisms are implicated in the diaphragm dysfunction associated with both mechanical ventilation and sepsis. This review outlines the primary cellular mechanisms identified thus far at the nexus of diaphragm dysfunction associated with mechanical ventilation and/or sepsis, and explores the potential for treatment or prevention of diaphragm weakness in critically ill patients through therapeutic manipulation of these final common pathway targets.
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40
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Abstract
Muscle homeostasis is guaranteed by a delicate balance between synthesis and degradation of cell proteins and its alteration leads to muscle wasting and diseases. In this review, we describe the major anabolic pathways that are involved in muscle growth and homeostasis and the proteolytic systems that are over-activated in muscle pathologies. Modulation of these pathways comprises an attractive target for drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Istituto di Istologia e Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1-00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Dobrowolny
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Istituto di Istologia e Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1-00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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41
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Komatsu R, Okazaki T, Ebihara S, Kobayashi M, Tsukita Y, Nihei M, Sugiura H, Niu K, Ebihara T, Ichinose M. Aspiration pneumonia induces muscle atrophy in the respiratory, skeletal, and swallowing systems. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:643-653. [PMID: 29790300 PMCID: PMC6104110 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetition of the onset of aspiration pneumonia in aged patients is common and causes chronic inflammation. The inflammation induces proinflammatory cytokine production and atrophy in the muscles. The proinflammatory cytokines induce muscle proteolysis by activating calpains and caspase-3, followed by further degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Autophagy is another pathway of muscle atrophy. However, little is known about the relationship between aspiration pneumonia and muscle. For swallowing muscles, it is not clear whether they produce cytokines. The main objective of this study was to determine whether aspiration pneumonia induces muscle atrophy in the respiratory (the diaphragm), skeletal (the tibialis anterior, TA), and swallowing (the tongue) systems, and their possible mechanisms. METHODS We employed a mouse aspiration pneumonia model and computed tomography (CT) scans of aged pneumonia patients. To induce aspiration pneumonia, mice were inoculated with low dose pepsin and lipopolysaccharide solution intra-nasally 5 days a week. The diaphragm, TA, and tongue were isolated, and total RNA, proteins, and frozen sections were stored. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction determined the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, muscle E3 ubiquitin ligases, and autophagy related genes. Western blot analysis determined the activation of the muscle proteolysis pathway. Frozen sections determined the presence of muscle atrophy. CT scans were used to evaluate the muscle atrophy in aged aspiration pneumonia patients. RESULTS The aspiration challenge enhanced the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the diaphragm, TA, and tongue. Among muscle proteolysis pathways, the aspiration challenge activated caspase-3 in all the three muscles examined, whereas calpains were activated in the diaphragm and the TA but not in the tongue. Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system was detected in all the three muscles examined. The aspiration challenge activated autophagy in the TA and the tongue, whereas weak or little activation was detected in the diaphragm. The aspiration challenge resulted in a greater proportion of smaller myofibers than in controls in the diaphragm, TA, and tongue, suggesting muscle atrophy. CT scans clearly showed that aspiration pneumonia was followed by muscle atrophy in aged patients. CONCLUSIONS Aspiration pneumonia induced muscle atrophy in the respiratory, skeletal, and swallowing systems in a preclinical animal model and in human patients. Diaphragmatic atrophy may weaken the force of cough to expectorate sputum or mis-swallowed contents. Skeletal muscle atrophy may cause secondary sarcopenia. The atrophy of swallowing muscles may weaken the swallowing function. Thus, muscle atrophy could become a new therapeutic target of aspiration pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyo Komatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Okazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Ebihara
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Tsukita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nihei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Takae Ebihara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Van Dyck L, Casaer MP, Gunst J. Autophagy and Its Implications Against Early Full Nutrition Support in Critical Illness. Nutr Clin Pract 2018; 33:339-347. [PMID: 29665131 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing, dose, and route of early nutrition support in critically ill patients have been highly controversial for years. Despite the association of a caloric deficit with adverse outcome, several recent large, randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated a prolongation of organ failure and increased muscle weakness with increasing doses of nutrition in the acute phase of critical illness. A potential explanation for the negative impact of early, full feeding on outcome is feeding-induced suppression of autophagy, a cellular repair process that is necessary to clear intracellular damage. Whether nutrition management in critically ill patients should be guided by its effects on autophagy is a topic of debate. Currently, however, autophagy cannot be monitored in clinical practice. Moreover, clinical management should be guided by high-quality randomized controlled trials, which currently do not support the use of early full nutrition support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Van Dyck
- Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaël P Casaer
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Gunst
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Recent research has revealed that autophagy, a major catabolic process in cells, is dysregulated in several neuromuscular diseases and contributes to the muscle wasting caused by non-muscle disorders (e.g. cancer cachexia) or during aging (i.e. sarcopenia). From there, the idea arose to interfere with autophagy or manipulate its regulatory signalling to help restore muscle homeostasis and attenuate disease progression. The major difficulty for the development of therapeutic strategies is to restore a balanced autophagic flux, due to the dynamic nature of autophagy. Thus, it is essential to better understand the mechanisms and identify the signalling pathways at play in the control of autophagy in skeletal muscle. A comprehensive analysis of the autophagic flux and of the causes of its dysregulation is required to assess the pathogenic role of autophagy in diseased muscle. Furthermore, it is essential that experiments distinguish between primary dysregulation of autophagy (prior to disease onset) and impairments as a consequence of the pathology. Of note, in most muscle disorders, autophagy perturbation is not caused by genetic modification of an autophagy-related protein, but rather through indirect alteration of regulatory signalling or lysosomal function. In this review, we will present the mechanisms involved in autophagy, and those ensuring its tight regulation in skeletal muscle. We will then discuss as to how autophagy dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of neuromuscular disorders and possible ways to interfere with this process to limit disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhang YY, Yang M, Bao JF, Gu LJ, Yu HL, Yuan WJ. Phosphate stimulates myotube atrophy through autophagy activation: evidence of hyperphosphatemia contributing to skeletal muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:45. [PMID: 29486729 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accelerated muscle atrophy is associated with a three-fold increase in mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. It is suggested that hyperphosphatemia might contribute to muscle wasting, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although evidence indicates that autophagy is involved in the maintenance of muscle homeostasis, it is not known if high phosphate levels can result in activation of autophagy, leading to muscle protein loss. Methods Immortalized rat L6 myotubes were exposed to a high concentration of phosphate, with or without autophagy inhibition. Myotube atrophy was examined by phase contrast microscopy. Autophagic activity was assessed by measuring the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Results Phosphate induced cell atrophy in L6 myotubes in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and these responses were not associated with calcification or osteogenesis. Phosphate also dose- and time-dependently increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Inhibition of autophagy with wortmannin or knockdown of Atg5 significantly suppressed myotube atrophy caused by high phosphate concentration. Conclusions High phosphate concentration induces muscle cell atrophy through the activation of autophagy. Targeting autophagy could be a therapeutic strategy for preventing muscle wasting caused by hyperphosphatemia.
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Bateman RM, Sharpe MD, Singer M, Ellis CG. The Effect of Sepsis on the Erythrocyte. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1932. [PMID: 28885563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis induces a wide range of effects on the red blood cell (RBC). Some of the effects including altered metabolism and decreased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate are preventable with appropriate treatment, whereas others, including decreased erythrocyte deformability and redistribution of membrane phospholipids, appear to be permanent, and factors in RBC clearance. Here, we review the effects of sepsis on the erythrocyte, including changes in RBC volume, metabolism and hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, morphology, RBC deformability (an early indicator of sepsis), antioxidant status, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, membrane proteins, membrane phospholipid redistribution, clearance and RBC O₂-dependent adenosine triphosphate efflux (an RBC hypoxia signaling mechanism involved in microvascular autoregulation). We also consider the causes of these effects by host mediated oxidant stress and bacterial virulence factors. Additionally, we consider the altered erythrocyte microenvironment due to sepsis induced microvascular dysregulation and speculate on the possible effects of RBC autoxidation. In future, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sepsis induced erythrocyte pathophysiology and clearance may guide improved sepsis treatments. Evidence that small molecule antioxidants protect the erythrocyte from loss of deformability, and more importantly improve septic patient outcome suggest further research in this area is warranted. While not generally considered a critical factor in sepsis, erythrocytes (and especially a smaller subpopulation) appear to be highly susceptible to sepsis induced injury, provide an early warning signal of sepsis and are a factor in the microvascular dysfunction that has been associated with organ dysfunction.
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Morel J, Palao JC, Castells J, Desgeorges M, Busso T, Molliex S, Jahnke V, Del Carmine P, Gondin J, Arnould D, Durieux AC, Freyssenet D. Regulation of Akt-mTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways in locomotor and respiratory muscles during experimental sepsis in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10866. [PMID: 28883493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis induced loss of muscle mass and function contributes to promote physical inactivity and disability in patients. In this experimental study, mice were sacrificed 1, 4, or 7 days after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. When compared with diaphragm, locomotor muscles were more prone to sepsis-induced muscle mass loss. This could be attributed to a greater activation of ubiquitin-proteasome system and an increased myostatin expression. Thus, this study strongly suggests that the contractile activity pattern of diaphragm muscle confers resistance to atrophy compared to the locomotor gastrocnemius muscle. These data also suggest that a strategy aimed at preventing the activation of catabolic pathways and preserving spontaneous activity would be of interest for the treatment of patients with sepsis-induced neuromyopathy.
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Stana F, Vujovic M, Mayaki D, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Leblanc P, Huck L, Hussain SNA. Differential Regulation of the Autophagy and Proteasome Pathways in Skeletal Muscles in Sepsis. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:e971-9. [PMID: 28538438 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Skeletal muscle fiber atrophy develops in response to severe sepsis, but it is unclear as to how the proteolytic pathways that are involved in its development are differentially regulated. We investigated the link between sepsis-induced fiber atrophy and activation of the proteasome and autophagy pathways and whether the degree of activation is more severe and sustained in limb muscles than it is in the diaphragm. DESIGN Randomized controlled experiment. SETTING Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult male C57/BL6 mice. INTERVENTIONS Two groups of animals were studied. The sepsis group was subjected to a cecal ligation and perforation technique, whereas the control (sham) group was subjected to abdominal surgery without cecal ligation and perforation. Measurements for both groups were performed 24, 48, and 96 hours after the surgical procedure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Atrophy was quantified in the diaphragm and tibialis anterior by measuring fiber diameter. Autophagy was evaluated using electron microscopic detection of autophagosomes and by measuring LC3B protein lipidation and autophagy-related protein expressions. Proteasomal degradation was quantified by measuring chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome and messenger RNA expressions of muscle-specific E3 ligases. Sepsis triggered transient fiber atrophy in the diaphragm that lasted for 24 hours and prolonged atrophy in the tibialis anterior that persisted for 96 hours. The autophagy and proteasome pathways were activated in both muscles at varying intensities over the time course of sepsis. Activation was more pronounced in the tibialis anterior than in the diaphragm. Sepsis inhibited the V-Akt thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 and complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathways and stimulated the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in both muscles. CONCLUSIONS Sepsis triggers more severe and sustained muscle fiber atrophy in limb muscles when compared with respiratory muscle. This response is associated with enhanced proteasomal and autophagic proteolytic pathway activities and is triggered by inhibition of the AKT and complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathways and activation of the AMPK pathway.
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Qin Z, Tang J, Han P, Jiang X, Yang C, Li R, Tang M, Shen B, Wang W, Qin C, Zhang W. Protective effects of sulforaphane on di-n-butylphthalate-induced testicular oxidative stress injury in male mice offsprings via activating Nrf2/ARE pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82956-82967. [PMID: 29137315 PMCID: PMC5669941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-N-butylphthalate (DBP) is one of the most common endocrine-disrupting chemicals which can disrupt human endocrine system, especially in the male reproductive system. Here, this study was aimed to determine whether sulforaphane (SFN) could protect against testicular oxidative stress injury induced by DBP in male mice offsprings. Wild-type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) timed-pregnant mice were given DBP orally from embryonic day (E)14.5 to E19.5. Subsequently, the oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Besides, Nrf2, NF-κB, I-kB, HO-1 and NQO-1 expression levels in the testis were measured by immunohistochemical staining or western blot analysis. DBP significantly reduced anogenital distance (AGD) and influenced testes growth in male mice offsprings, while SFN ameliorated these phenotypes. After DBP stimulation, the testicular morphology, testicular cell apoptosis index and the oxidative stress markers exhibited statistical differences compared with Control group, while SFN supplementation showed obvious improvements. In addition, administration of SFN could obviously increase the expression level of Nrf2 and its downstream ARE gene battery, such as HO-1, NQO-1 in the testis. Meanwhile, SFN pretreatment did not confer protection against DBP-induced testicular oxidative stress injury in Nrf2 knockout mice. Therefore, the present findings suggested that SFN could effectively protect against DBP-induced testicular oxidative stress injury through Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways in male mice offsprings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuping Jiang
- Department of Urology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Chengdi Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baixin Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhao P, Kuai J, Gao J, Sun L, Wang Y, Yao L. Delta opioid receptor agonist attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury by regulating autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:140-6. [PMID: 28647372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have described the protective effects of DADLE on myocardial injury in sepsis. Recently, autophagy has been shown to be an innate defense mechanism in sepsis-related myocardial injury. However, whether DADLE has an pro-autophagic effect is yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of DADLE on the regulation of autophagy during sepsis. METHODS Male mice were subjected to LPS or vehicle intraperitoneal injection. After LPS injection, mice received either DADLE, Naltrindole or vehicle. ELISA and JC-1 were used to evaluate the level cTnI and Mitochondrial membrane potential. Cardiac ultrastructural and autophagosomes were visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The relative protein levels were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with DADLE both immediately or 4 h after LPS intraperitoneal injection could improve the survival rate of mice with endotoxemic. DADLE could ease myocardium ultrastructure injury induced by LPS, this cardioprotective effect was also seen in increased MMP levels, and decreased cTnI levels. Through observation of transmission electron microscopy and Western blot we have discovered that the amount of autophagosome and the expression of autophagy related protein LC3II, Beclin1 were significantly increased with DADLE treatment. DADLE promoted LPS-induced autophagosome maturation as indicated by the increased LAMP-1 protein level and decreased SQSTM1/p62 protein level. The selective δ-opioid receptor antagonist Naltrindole play an opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS DADLE could improve the survival and protect myocardial dysfunction in mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia. This effect was related to the increase of autophagy.
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Kishta OA, Guo Y, Mofarrahi M, Stana F, Lands LC, Hussain SNA. Pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection induces autophagy and proteasome proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscles: effects of a pressurized whey protein-based diet in mice. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1325309. [PMID: 28659735 PMCID: PMC5475394 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1325309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effects of P. aeurginosa infection and a whey protein-rich diet on skeletal muscle proteolytic pathways. Design: An agar bead model of pulmonary P. aeurginosa infection was established in adult C57/Bl6 mice. Protein ubiquitinaiton, lipidation of LC3B protein and expressions of autophagy-related genes and ubiquitin E3 ligases were quantified using immunoblotting and qPCR. The effects of pressure-treated whey protein diet on muscle proteolysis were also evaluated. Results: Pulmonary P. aeurginosa infection reduced diaphragm, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscle weights and increased protein ubiquitination, LC3B protein lipidation, and the expressions of Lc3b, Gabarapl1, Bnip3, Parkin, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 genes in each muscle. These changes were greater in the tibialis as compared to soleus and diaphragm. Proteolysis indicators increased within one day of infection but were not evident after seven days of infection. A pressurized whey diet attenuated LC3B protein lipidation, expressions of autophagy-related genes (BNIP3), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and protein ubiquitination. Conclusions: We conclude that pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection activates the autophagy, and the proteasome pathways in skeletal muscles and that a pressurized whey protein diet attenuates muscle proteolysis in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Kishta
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Montréal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yeting Guo
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mahroo Mofarrahi
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Flavia Stana
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Larry C Lands
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Montréal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabah N A Hussain
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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