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Zenzen I, Cassol D, Westhoff P, Kopriva S, Ristova D. Transcriptional and metabolic profiling of sulfur starvation response in two monocots. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:257. [PMID: 38594609 PMCID: PMC11003109 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfur (S) is a mineral nutrient essential for plant growth and development, which is incorporated into diverse molecules fundamental for primary and secondary metabolism, plant defense, signaling, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Although, S starvation response is well documented in the dicot model Arabidopsis thaliana, it is not clear if the same transcriptional networks control the response also in the monocots. RESULTS We performed series of physiological, expression, and metabolite analyses in two model monocot species, one representing the C3 plants, Oryza sativa cv. kitaake, and second representing the C4 plants, Setaria viridis. Our comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealed twice as many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S. viridis than in O. sativa under S-deficiency, consistent with a greater loss of sulfur and S-containing metabolites under these conditions. Surprisingly, most of the DEGs and enriched gene ontology terms were species-specific, with an intersect of only 58 common DEGs. The transcriptional networks were different in roots and shoots of both species, in particular no genes were down-regulated by S-deficiency in the roots of both species. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows that S-deficiency seems to have different physiological consequences in the two monocot species and their nutrient homeostasis might be under distinct control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zenzen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence On Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Daniela Cassol
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Facility, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence On Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany.
| | - Daniela Ristova
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence On Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany.
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2
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Kim HM, Kim JH, Lee JH, Kim GM, Lee MH, Park CY, Kim DH, Lee DH, Kim KM, Na CS. Dormancy-release and germination improvement of Korean bellflower (Campanula takesimana Nakai), a rare and endemic plant native to the Korean peninsula. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292280. [PMID: 37847696 PMCID: PMC10581479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Korean bellflower (Campanula takesimana Nakai) is a rare and perennial herb with medicinal and ornamental values, is endemic to the Ulleung Island of Korea. In this study, we investigated the dormancy-release and germination characteristics of C. takesimana (Campanulaceae) seeds by subjecting them to varying temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C and diurnal/nocturnal temperatures of 15/6, 20/10, and 25/15°C), cold stratification periods (0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks at 5°C), and gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations (0, 10, 100, or 1,000 mg·L-1 at 15/6°C and 25/15°C) to identify the ideal seed propagation conditions. The seeds were stimulated to germinate (at 25°C, 12-h photoperiod with fluorescent lamps at 40 ± 10 μmol∙m-2∙s-1) after cold stratification. To examine the germination characteristics, the seeds were tested for water imbibition and found to readily absorb water. The seeds exhibited underdeveloped embryos during dispersal, showed final germination of 37.00% ± 4.43 at 25°C and were not influenced by temperature. The seeds subjected to 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks of cold stratification germinated at a success rate of 22.00% ± 4.76, 87.00% ± 6.80, 79.00% ± 2.52, and 77.00% ± 1.91, respectively. Additionally, the germination characteristics, which were based on final germination, mean germination time, and germination velocity (Timson index), were significantly greater in the seeds pretreated with 1,000 mg·L-1 GA3 at 25/15°C than in seeds pretreated with 0 mg·L-1 GA3. Overall, the seeds broke dormancy with GA3 and short-term cold stratification. Therefore, we concluded that C. takesimana seeds have non-deep, simple, morphophysiological dormancy, and pretreatment with cold stratification and GA3 is required for effective seed propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Min Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Mo Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Youl Park
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Lee
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Sun Na
- Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa, Republic of Korea
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3
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Rahimzadeh Karvansara P, Kelly C, Krone R, Zenzen I, Ristova D, Silz E, Jobe TO, Kopriva S. Unique features of regulation of sulfate assimilation in monocots. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:308-320. [PMID: 36222825 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate assimilation is an essential pathway of plant primary metabolism, regulated by the demand for reduced sulfur (S). The S-containing tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is the key signal for such regulation in Arabidopsis, but little is known about the conservation of these regulatory mechanisms beyond this model species. Using two model monocot species, C3 rice (Oryza sativa) and C4Setaria viridis, and feeding of cysteine or GSH, we aimed to find out how conserved are the regulatory mechanisms described for Arabidopsis in these species. We showed that while in principle the regulation is similar, there are many species-specific differences. For example, thiols supplied by the roots are translocated to the shoots in rice but remain in the roots of Setaria. Cysteine and GSH concentrations are highly correlated in Setaria, but not in rice. In both rice and Setaria, GSH seems to be the signal for demand-driven regulation of sulfate assimilation. Unexpectedly, we observed cysteine oxidation to sulfate in both species, a reaction that does not occur in Arabidopsis. This reaction is dependent on sulfite oxidase, but the enzyme(s) releasing sulfite from cysteine still need to be identified. Altogether our data reveal a number of unique features in the regulation of S metabolism in the monocot species and indicate the need for using multiple taxonomically distinct models to better understand the control of nutrient homeostasis, which is important for generating low-input crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rahimzadeh Karvansara
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ciaran Kelly
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Raissa Krone
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivan Zenzen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Ristova
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Emely Silz
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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Om K, Arias NN, Jambor CC, MacGregor A, Rezachek AN, Haugrud C, Kunz HH, Wang Z, Huang P, Zhang Q, Rosnow J, Brutnell TP, Cousins AB, Chastain CJ. Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase regulatory protein impacts light response of C4 photosynthesis in Setaria viridis. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:1117-1133. [PMID: 35876823 PMCID: PMC9516741 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In C4 plants, the pyruvate (Pyr), phosphate dikinase regulatory protein (PDRP) regulates the activity of the C4 pathway enzyme Pyr, phosphate dikinase (PPDK) in a light-/dark-dependent manner. The importance of this regulatory action to C4 pathway function and overall C4 photosynthesis is unknown. To resolve this question, we assessed in vivo PPDK phospho-regulation and whole leaf photophysiology in a CRISPR-Cas9 PDRP knockout (KO) mutant of the NADP-ME C4 grass green millet (Setaria viridis). PDRP enzyme activity was undetectable in leaf extracts from PDRP KO lines. Likewise, PPDK phosphorylated at the PDRP-regulatory Thr residue was immunologically undetectable in leaf extracts. PPDK enzyme activity in rapid leaf extracts was constitutively high in the PDRP KO lines, irrespective of light or dark pretreatment of leaves. Gas exchange analysis of net CO2 assimilation revealed PDRP KO leaves had markedly slower light induction kinetics when leaves transition from dark to high-light or low-light to high-light. In the initial 30 min of the light induction phase, KO leaves had an ∼15% lower net CO2 assimilation rate versus the wild-type (WT). Despite the impaired slower induction kinetics, we found growth and vigor of the KO lines to be visibly indistinguishable from the WT when grown in normal air and under standard growth chamber conditions. However, the PDRP KO plants grown under a fluctuating light regime exhibited a gradual multi-day decline in Fv/Fm, indicative of progressive photosystem II damage due to the absence of PDRP. Collectively, our results demonstrate that one of PDRP's functions in C4 photosynthesis is to ensure optimal photosynthetic light induction kinetics during dynamic changes in incident light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuenzang Om
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
| | - Nico N Arias
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University-Moorhead, Moorhead, Minnesota 56563, USA
| | - Chaney C Jambor
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University-Moorhead, Moorhead, Minnesota 56563, USA
| | - Alexandra MacGregor
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University-Moorhead, Moorhead, Minnesota 56563, USA
| | - Ashley N Rezachek
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University-Moorhead, Moorhead, Minnesota 56563, USA
| | - Carlan Haugrud
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University-Moorhead, Moorhead, Minnesota 56563, USA
| | | | - Zhonghui Wang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Quan Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Josh Rosnow
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
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Read A, Weiss T, Crisp PA, Liang Z, Noshay J, Menard CC, Wang C, Song M, Hirsch CN, Springer NM, Zhang F. Genome-wide loss of CHH methylation with limited transcriptome changes in Setaria viridis DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE (DRM) mutants. Plant J 2022; 111:103-116. [PMID: 35436373 PMCID: PMC9541237 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASEs (DRMs) are crucial for RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) in plant species. Setaria viridis is a model monocot species with a relatively compact genome that has limited transposable element (TE) content. CRISPR-based genome editing approaches were used to create loss-of-function alleles for the two putative functional DRM genes in S. viridis to probe the role of RdDM. Double mutant (drm1ab) plants exhibit some morphological abnormalities but are fully viable. Whole-genome methylation profiling provided evidence for the widespread loss of methylation in CHH sequence contexts, particularly in regions with high CHH methylation in wild-type plants. Evidence was also found for the locus-specific loss of CG and CHG methylation, even in some regions that lack CHH methylation. Transcriptome profiling identified genes with altered expression in the drm1ab mutants. However, the majority of genes with high levels of CHH methylation directly surrounding the transcription start site or in nearby promoter regions in wild-type plants do not have altered expression in the drm1ab mutant, even when this methylation is lost, suggesting limited regulation of gene expression by RdDM. Detailed analysis of the expression of TEs identified several transposons that are transcriptionally activated in drm1ab mutants. These transposons are likely to require active RdDM for the maintenance of transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Read
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Trevor Weiss
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
- Center for Precision Plant GenomicsUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Peter A. Crisp
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
- School of Agriculture and Food SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Zhikai Liang
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Jaclyn Noshay
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Claire C. Menard
- Department of Agronomy and Plant GeneticsUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
- Center for Precision Plant GenomicsUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Meredith Song
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota55108USA
| | - Candice N. Hirsch
- Department of Agronomy and Plant GeneticsUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Nathan M. Springer
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
- Center for Precision Plant GenomicsUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
- Center for Precision Plant GenomicsUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota55108USA
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Sychla A, Casas-Mollano JA, Zinselmeier MH, Smanski M. Characterization of Programmable Transcription Activators in the Model Monocot Setaria viridis Via Protoplast Transfection. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2464:223-244. [PMID: 35258836 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2164-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in DNA synthesis and assembly allow for genetic constructs to be designed and constructed in high throughput. Characterizing large numbers of variant genetic designs is not feasible with low-throughput and time-consuming plant transformation workflows. Protoplast transformation offers a rapid, high-throughput compatible alternative for testing genetic constructs in plant-relevant molecular environments. Here, we describe a protocol for protoplast transformation using a recent experiment in genetic optimization of dCas9-based programmable transcription activators as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sychla
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Juan Armando Casas-Mollano
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Matthew H Zinselmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Michael Smanski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
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7
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Travassos-Lins J, de Oliveira Rocha CC, de Souza Rodrigues T, Alves-Ferreira M. Evaluation of the molecular and physiological response to dehydration of two accessions of the model plant Setaria viridis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 169:211-223. [PMID: 34808464 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water deficits are responsible for countless agricultural losses. Among the affected crops, C4 plants are of special interest due to their high water and nitrogen use efficiency. Two accessions of Setaria viridis (Ast-1 and A10.1) with contrasting responses to water deficit were used in the current work to better understand the mechanisms behind drought tolerance in C4 species. Our results showed that although the A10.1 accession exhibited a reduced size and lower Rfd values in comparison to Ast-1, it had overall higher Fv/Fm and lower NPQ values in well-watered conditions. The water deficit induction was performed with PEG-8000 at the grain-filling stage using dehydration cycles. Analysis of physiological measurements showed the A10.1 accession as being more tolerant to multiple water deficit exposures. In addition, PCA identified a clear difference in the pattern of drought response of the accessions. Four drought marker genes previously described in the literature were chosen to evaluate the response at the molecular level: SvP5CS2, SvDHN1, SvNAC6, and SvWRKY1. Besides confirming that Ast-1 is a more sensitive accession, the expression analysis revealed that SvNAC1 might better monitor drought stress, while SvWRKY1 was able to differentiate the two accessions. Distinct evolutionary histories of each accession may be behind their differences in response to water deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Travassos-Lins
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caio César de Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tamires de Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Dept. of Genetics, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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8
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Abstract
Setaria viridis is an emerging model system for the genetic and molecular characterization of cereals and bioenergy crops. Here, we describe a detailed procedure for genetic transformation of the S. viridis accession line ME034V-1. This method utilizes callus generated from mature seeds for infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 to regenerate hygromycin-resistant stable transgenic plants. It takes approximately 7 weeks to generate callus from mature seeds, 11-17 weeks from infection to the regeneration of transgenic lines, and an additional 3-4 weeks for plant growth in the greenhouse for seed collection. The protocol as presented consistently results in transformation frequency of approximately 25% for the generation of transgenic plants, with fewer escapes and higher survivability in soil for optimal seed collection. © 2021 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of S. viridis (Accession ME034V-1) callus from mature seeds Basic Protocol 2: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of callus to generate transgenic plants Basic Protocol 3: Plantlet transplantation in soil, plant growth in greenhouse, and seed collection Support Protocol: Preparation of Agrobacterium culture for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Finley
- Plant Transformation Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Hal Chappell
- Plant Transformation Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Veena Veena
- Plant Transformation Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri
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9
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Venkata BP, Polzin R, Wilkes R, Fearn A, Blumenthal D, Rohrbough S, Taylor NJ. Heterologous Overexpression of Arabidopsis cel1 Enhances Grain Yield, Biomass and Early Maturity in Setaria viridis. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:515078. [PMID: 33240288 PMCID: PMC7683425 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.515078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous overexpression of Arabidopsis cellulase 1 (Atcel1) results in enhanced yield, early maturity, and increased biomass in dicotyledonous species like poplar and eucalyptus but has not been demonstrated in monocots. We produced transgenic Setaria viridis accession A10.1 plants overexpressing a monocotyledonous codon optimized (MCO) Atcel1. Agronomic characterization of the transgenic events showed that heterologous overexpression of MCOAtcel1 caused enhanced grain yield, shoot biomass, and accelerated maturation rate in the model grass species S. viridis under growth chamber conditions. The agronomic trait differences observed were consistent with previous reports in dicots but are here described in a monocot species and associated with increased seed yield. Overexpression of Atcel1 in S. viridis was shown to increase the number of panicles and seeds by 24-30%, enhance overall grain yield by up to 26%, and lead to a shoot dry biomass increase of 16-19%. Overexpression also reduced time to plant maturation and senescence by 12.5%. Our findings in S. viridis suggest that manipulation of Atcel1 has potential for developing early-maturing and higher-yielding monocotyledonous biomass crops suitable for climate-smart agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala P. Venkata
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
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10
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Weiss T, Wang C, Kang X, Zhao H, Elena Gamo M, Starker CG, Crisp PA, Zhou P, Springer NM, Voytas DF, Zhang F. Optimization of multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 system for highly efficient genome editing in Setaria viridis. Plant J 2020; 104:828-838. [PMID: 32786122 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Setaria viridis has been developed as a model plant to better understand the C4 photosynthetic pathway in major crops. With the increasing availability of genomic resources for S. viridis research, highly efficient genome editing technologies are needed to create genetic variation resources for functional genomics. Here, we developed a protoplast assay to rapidly optimize the multiplexed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas9) system in S. viridis. Targeted mutagenesis efficiency was further improved by an average of 1.4-fold with the exonuclease, Trex2. Distinctive mutation profiles were found in the Cas9_Trex2 samples, with 94% of deletions larger than 10 bp, and essentially no insertions at all tested target sites. Further analyses indicated that 52.2% of deletions induced by Cas9_Trex2, as opposed to 3.5% by Cas9 alone, were repaired through microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) rather than the canonical non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway. Combined with a robust Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method with more than 90% efficiency, the multiplex CRISPR/Cas9_Trex2 system was demonstrated to induce targeted mutations in two tightly linked genes, svDrm1a and svDrm1b, at a frequency ranging from 73% to 100% in T0 plants. These mutations were transmitted to at least 60% of the transgene-free T1 plants, with 33% of them containing bi-allelic or homozygous mutations in both genes. This highly efficient multiplex CRISPR/Cas9_Trex2 system makes it possible to create a large mutant resource for S. viridis in a rapid and high throughput manner, and has the potential to be widely applicable in achieving more predictable and deletion-only MMEJ-mediated mutations in many plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Weiss
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Xiaojun Kang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology & Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-season Reproduction Regions, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan Province, 571101, China
| | - Maria Elena Gamo
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Colby G Starker
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter A Crisp
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nathan M Springer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55108, USA
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11
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Nguyen DQ, Van Eck J, Eamens AL, Grof CPL. Robust and Reproducible Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation System of the C 4 Genetic Model Species Setaria viridis. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:281. [PMID: 32231678 PMCID: PMC7082778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Setaria viridis (green foxtail) has been identified as a potential experimental model system to genetically and molecularly characterise the C4 monocotyledonous grasses due to its small physical size, short generation time and prolific seed production, together with a sequenced and annotated genome. Setaria viridis is the wild ancestor of the cropping species, foxtail millet (Setaria italica), with both Setaria species sharing a close evolutionary relationship with the agronomically important species, maize, sorghum, and sugarcane, as well as the bioenergy feedstocks, switchgrass, and Miscanthus. However, an efficient and reproducible transformation protocol is required to further advance the use of S. viridis to study the molecular genetics of C4 monocotyledonous grasses. An efficient and reproducible protocol was established for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of S. viridis (Accession A10) regenerable callus material derived from mature seeds, a protocol that returned an average transformation efficiency of 6.3%. The efficiency of this protocol was the result of the: (i) use of mature embryo derived callus material; (ii) age of the seed used to induce callus formation; (iii) composition of the callus induction media, including the addition of the ethylene inhibitor, silver nitrate; (iv) use of a co-cultivation approach, and; (v) concentration of the selective agent. Our protocol furthers the use of S. viridis as an experimental model system to study the molecular genetics of C4 monocotyledonous grasses for the potential future development of improved C4 cropping species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Quan Nguyen
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Joyce Van Eck
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher P. L. Grof
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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12
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Ma HY, Zhao DD, Ning QR, Wei JP, Li Y, Wang MM, Liu XL, Jiang CJ, Liang ZW. A Multi-year Beneficial Effect of Seed Priming with Gibberellic Acid-3 (GA 3) on Plant Growth and Production in a Perennial Grass, Leymus chinensis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13214. [PMID: 30181574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed priming is a widely used technique in crops to obtain uniform germination and high-quality seedlings. In this study, we found a long-term effect of seed priming with gibberellic acid-3 (GA3) on plant growth and production in Leymus chinensis. Seeds were germinated on agar plates containing 0-200 μM GA3, and the germinated seedlings were transplanted to clay planting pots and grown for about one year. The clonal tillers grown from the mother plants were transplanted to field conditions in the second year. Results showed that GA3 treatment significantly increased seed germination rate by 14-27%. GA3 treatment also promoted subsequent plant growth and biomass production, as shown by a significant increase in plant height, tiller number, and fresh and dry weight in both pot (2016) and field (2017) conditions. It is particularly noteworthy that the growth-promoting effect of a single seed treatment with GA3 lasted for at least two years. In particular, GA3 treatment at 50 μM increased aboveground fresh and dry weight by 168.2% and 108.9% in pot-grown conditions, and 64.5% and 126.2% in field-grown conditions, respectively. These results imply a transgenerational transmission mechanism for the GA-priming effect on clonal offspring growth and biomass production in L. chinensis.
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13
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Hu H, Mauro-Herrera M, Doust AN. Domestication and Improvement in the Model C4 Grass, Setaria. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:719. [PMID: 29896214 PMCID: PMC5986938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Setaria viridis (green foxtail) and its domesticated relative S. italica (foxtail millet) are diploid C4 panicoid grasses that are being developed as model systems for studying grass genomics, genetics, development, and evolution. According to archeological evidence, foxtail millet was domesticated from green foxtail approximately 9,000 to 6,000 YBP in China. Under long-term human selection, domesticated foxtail millet developed many traits adapted to human cultivation and agricultural production. In comparison with its wild ancestor, foxtail millet has fewer vegetative branches, reduced grain shattering, delayed flowering time and less photoperiod sensitivity. Foxtail millet is the only present-day crop in the genus Setaria, although archeological records suggest that other species were domesticated and later abandoned in the last 10,000 years. We present an overview of domestication in foxtail millet, by reviewing recent studies on the genetic regulation of several domesticated traits in foxtail millet and discuss how the foxtail millet and green foxtail system could be further developed to both better understand its domestication history, and to provide more tools for future breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew N. Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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14
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Junqueira NEG, Ortiz-Silva B, Leal-Costa MV, Alves-Ferreira M, Dickinson HG, Langdale JA, Reinert F. Anatomy and ultrastructure of embryonic leaves of the C4 species Setaria viridis. Ann Bot 2018; 121:1163-1172. [PMID: 29415162 PMCID: PMC5946840 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Setaria viridis is being promoted as a model C4 photosynthetic plant because it has a small genome (~515 Mb), a short life cycle (~60 d) and it can be transformed. Unlike other C4 grasses such as maize, however, there is very little information about how C4 leaf anatomy (Kranz anatomy) develops in S. viridis. As a foundation for future developmental genetic studies, we provide an anatomical and ultrastructural framework of early shoot development in S. viridis, focusing on the initiation of Kranz anatomy in seed leaves. METHODS Setaria viridis seeds were germinated and divided into five stages covering development from the dry seed (stage S0) to 36 h after germination (stage S4). Material at each of these stages was examined using conventional light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS Dry seeds contained three embryonic leaf primordia at different developmental stages (plastochron 1-3 primordia). The oldest (P3) leaf primordium possessed several procambial centres whereas P2 displayed only ground meristem. At the tip of P3 primordia at stage S4, C4 leaf anatomy typical of the malate dehydrogenase-dependent nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADP-ME) subtype was evident in that vascular bundles lacked a mestome layer and were surrounded by a single layer of bundle sheath cells that contained large, centrifugally located chloroplasts. Two to three mesophyll cells separated adjacent vascular bundles and one mesophyll cell layer on each of the abaxial and adaxial sides delimited vascular bundles from the epidermis. CONCLUSIONS The morphological trajectory reported here provides a foundation for studies of gene regulation during early leaf development in S. viridis and a framework for comparative analyses with other C4 grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicia E G Junqueira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Bianca Ortiz-Silva
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Márcio Alves-Ferreira
- Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fernanda Reinert
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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15
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Van Eck J, Swartwood K, Pidgeon K, Maxson-Stein K. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of Setaria viridis. Genetics and Genomics of Setaria 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Huang P, Feldman M. Genetic Diversity and Geographic Distribution of North American Setaria viridis Populations. Genetics and Genomics of Setaria 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Acharya BR, Roy Choudhury S, Estelle AB, Vijayakumar A, Zhu C, Hovis L, Pandey S. Optimization of Phenotyping Assays for the Model Monocot Setaria viridis. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2172. [PMID: 29312412 PMCID: PMC5743732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Setaria viridis (green foxtail) is an important model plant for the study of C4 photosynthesis in panicoid grasses, and is fast emerging as a system of choice for the study of plant development, domestication, abiotic stress responses and evolution. Basic research findings in Setaria are expected to advance research not only in this species and its close relative S. italica (foxtail millet), but also in other panicoid grasses, many of which are important food or bioenergy crops. Here we report on the standardization of multiple growth and development assays for S. viridis under controlled conditions, and in response to several phytohormones and abiotic stresses. We optimized these assays at three different stages of the plant's life: seed germination and post-germination growth using agar plate-based assays, early seedling growth and development using germination pouch-based assays, and adult plant growth and development under environmentally controlled growth chambers and greenhouses. These assays will be useful for the community to perform large scale phenotyping analyses, mutant screens, comparative physiological analysis, and functional characterization of novel genes of Setaria or other related agricultural crops. Precise description of various growth conditions, effective treatment conditions and description of the resultant phenotypes will help expand the use of S. viridis as an effective model system.
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18
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Hodge JG, Doust AN. Morphological Development of Setaria viridis from Germination to Flowering. In: Doust A, Diao X, editors. Genetics and Genomics of Setaria. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. pp. 161-75. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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19
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Sebastian J, Yee MC, Goudinho Viana W, Rellán-Álvarez R, Feldman M, Priest HD, Trontin C, Lee T, Jiang H, Baxter I, Mockler TC, Hochholdinger F, Brutnell TP, Dinneny JR. Grasses suppress shoot-borne roots to conserve water during drought. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8861-8866. [PMID: 27422554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.160421113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many important crops are members of the Poaceae family, which develop root systems characterized by a high degree of root initiation from the belowground basal nodes of the shoot, termed the crown. Although this postembryonic shoot-borne root system represents the major conduit for water uptake, little is known about the effect of water availability on its development. Here we demonstrate that in the model C4 grass Setaria viridis, the crown locally senses water availability and suppresses postemergence crown root growth under a water deficit. This response was observed in field and growth room environments and in all grass species tested. Luminescence-based imaging of root systems grown in soil-like media revealed a shift in root growth from crown-derived to primary root-derived branches, suggesting that primary root-dominated architecture can be induced in S. viridis under certain stress conditions. Crown roots of Zea mays and Setaria italica, domesticated relatives of teosinte and S. viridis, respectively, show reduced sensitivity to water deficit, suggesting that this response might have been influenced by human selection. Enhanced water status of maize mutants lacking crown roots suggests that under a water deficit, stronger suppression of crown roots actually may benefit crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Sebastian
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Muh-Ching Yee
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Willian Goudinho Viana
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia-DF 70.040-020, Brazil
| | - Rubén Rellán-Álvarez
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305; Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 36821 Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Max Feldman
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63162
| | - Henry D Priest
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63162
| | - Charlotte Trontin
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Tak Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hui Jiang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63162
| | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63162; Plant Physiology and Genetics Research, Agricultural Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, St. Louis, MO 63132
| | - Todd C Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63162
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305;
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20
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Sebastian J, Yee MC, Goudinho Viana W, Rellán-Álvarez R, Feldman M, Priest HD, Trontin C, Lee T, Jiang H, Baxter I, Mockler TC, Hochholdinger F, Brutnell TP, Dinneny JR. Grasses suppress shoot-borne roots to conserve water during drought. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8861-6. [PMID: 27422554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604021113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many important crops are members of the Poaceae family, which develop root systems characterized by a high degree of root initiation from the belowground basal nodes of the shoot, termed the crown. Although this postembryonic shoot-borne root system represents the major conduit for water uptake, little is known about the effect of water availability on its development. Here we demonstrate that in the model C4 grass Setaria viridis, the crown locally senses water availability and suppresses postemergence crown root growth under a water deficit. This response was observed in field and growth room environments and in all grass species tested. Luminescence-based imaging of root systems grown in soil-like media revealed a shift in root growth from crown-derived to primary root-derived branches, suggesting that primary root-dominated architecture can be induced in S. viridis under certain stress conditions. Crown roots of Zea mays and Setaria italica, domesticated relatives of teosinte and S. viridis, respectively, show reduced sensitivity to water deficit, suggesting that this response might have been influenced by human selection. Enhanced water status of maize mutants lacking crown roots suggests that under a water deficit, stronger suppression of crown roots actually may benefit crop productivity.
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21
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Abstract
Traditional method of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation through the generation of tissue culture had limited success for Setaria viridis, an emerging C4 monocot model. Here we present an efficient in planta method for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of S. viridis using spike dip. Pre-anthesis developing spikes were dipped into a solution of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 harboring the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter to standardize and optimize conditions for transient as well as stable transformations. A transformation efficiency of 0.8 ± 0.1% was obtained after dipping of 5-day-old S3 spikes for 20 min in Agrobacterium cultures containing S. viridis spike-dip medium supplemented with 0.025% Silwet L-77 and 200 μm acetosyringone. Reproducibility of this method was demonstrated by generating stable transgenic lines expressing β-glucuronidase plus (GUSplus), green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (DsRed) reporter genes driven by either CaMV35S or intron-interrupted maize ubiquitin (Ubi) promoters from three S. viridis genotypes. Expression of these reporter genes in transient assays as well as in T1 stable transformed plants was monitored using histochemical, fluorometric GUS activity and fluorescence microscopy. Molecular analysis of transgenic lines revealed stable integration of transgenes into the genome, and inherited transgenes expressed in the subsequent generations. This approach provides opportunities for the high-throughput transformation and potentially facilitates translational research in a monocot model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Saha
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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22
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Zulueta-rodríguez R, Hernández-montiel L, Murillo-amador B, Rueda-puente E, Capistrán L, Troyo-diéguez E, Córdoba-matson M. Effect of Hydropriming and Biopriming on Seed Germination and Growth of Two Mexican Fir Tree Species in Danger of Extinction. Forests 2015; 6:3109-22. [DOI: 10.3390/f6093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Liu B, Wang P, Kim JI, Zhang D, Xia Y, Chapple C, Cheng JX. Vibrational Fingerprint Mapping Reveals Spatial Distribution of Functional Groups of Lignin in Plant Cell Wall. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9436-42. [PMID: 26291845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- National
Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Weldon
School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Weldon
School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeong Im Kim
- Department
of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Delong Zhang
- Weldon
School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuanqin Xia
- National
Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department
of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon
School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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24
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Rizal G, Karki S, Garcia R, Larazo N, Alcasid M, Quick WP. The Use of Maleic Hydrazide for Effective Hybridization of Setaria viridis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125092. [PMID: 25910193 PMCID: PMC4409208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for crossing green foxtail (Setaria viridis) is currently lacking. S. viridis is considered to be the new model plant for the study of C4 system in monocots and so an effective crossing protocol is urgently needed. S. viridis is a small grass with C4-NADP (ME) type of photosynthesis and has the advantage of having small genome of about 515 Mb, small plant stature, short life cycle, multiple tillers, and profuse seed set, and hence is an ideal model species for research. The objectives of this project were to develop efficient methods of emasculation and pollination, and to speed up generation advancement. We assessed the response of S. viridis flowers to hot water treatment (48°C) and to different concentrations of gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, maleic hydrazide (MH), and kinetin. We found that 500 μM of MH was effective in the emasculation of S. viridis, whilst still retaining the receptivity of the stigma to pollination. We also report effective ways to accelerate the breeding cycle of S. viridis for research through the germination of mature as well as immature seeds in optimized culture media. We believe these findings will be of great interest to researchers using Setaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Rizal
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - Shanta Karki
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - Richard Garcia
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - Nikki Larazo
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - Michael Alcasid
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - William Paul Quick
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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