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Tszyan M. Prevention of obesity and carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the population at an industrial facility. Prz Gastroenterol 2024; 19:33-45. [PMID: 38571534 PMCID: PMC10985765 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2024.136246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction One of the urgent tasks of modern healthcare is the development of measures aimed at preventing obesity in the able-bodied population, including in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which would reduce economic losses and increase the coefficient of life expectancy in the population. Aim To identify measures for the early prevention of excess weight, obesity, and carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the able-bodied population at an industrial facility in Kazakhstan. Material and methods The study involved 662 people (574 men and 88 women) aged 19 to 64 years. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: the main group - persons with obesity (242 people) and the control group - relatively healthy persons (422 people). The diagnosis of obesity was made based on the medical history of a patient, external examination, and physical, laboratory, and instrumental assessment. Results Three main factors influencing the development of obesity have been identified: a significant level of inactivity; serum glucose; the presence of comorbidities. Other factors (gender and age, smoking) do not have a significant effect on the increase in the body mass index of persons working at an industrial facility. Conclusions Accordingly, a priority in the prevention of obesity is a healthy lifestyle, involving regular physical activity and a healthy balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Tszyan
- Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University “Higher School of Public Health”, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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2
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Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA. The fructose survival hypothesis as a mechanism for unifying the various obesity hypotheses. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:12-22. [PMID: 37846155 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity remains contested. Although genetics is important, the rapid rise in obesity with Western culture and diet suggests an environmental component. Today, some of the major hypotheses for obesity include the energy balance hypothesis, the carbohydrate-insulin model, the protein-leverage hypothesis, and the seed oil hypothesis. Each hypothesis has its own support, creating controversy over their respective roles in driving obesity. Here we propose that all hypotheses are largely correct and can be unified by another dietary hypothesis, the fructose survival hypothesis. Fructose is unique in resetting ATP levels to a lower level in the cell as a consequence of suppressing mitochondrial function, while blocking the replacement of ATP from fat. The low intracellular ATP levels result in carbohydrate-dependent hunger, impaired satiety (leptin resistance), and metabolic effects that result in the increased intake of energy-dense fats. This hypothesis emphasizes the unique role of carbohydrates in stimulating intake while fat provides the main source of energy. Thus, obesity is a disorder of energy metabolism, in which there is low usable energy (ATP) in the setting of elevated total energy. This leads to metabolic effects independent of excess energy while the excess energy drives weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Division of Nephrology, Rocky Mountain VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Gearhart-Serna LM, Mills BA, Hsu H, Fayanju OM, Hoffman K, Devi GR. Cumulative environmental quality is associated with breast cancer incidence differentially by summary stage and urbanicity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20301. [PMID: 37985794 PMCID: PMC10662118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual environmental contaminants have been associated with breast cancer; however, evaluations of multiple exposures simultaneously are limited. Herein, we evaluated associations between breast cancer summary stages and the Environmental Quality Index (EQI), which includes a range of environmental factors across five domains. The EQI (2000-2005) was linked to county-level age-standardized incidence rates (SIRs) obtained from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry (2010-2014). Incidence rates and SIRs of total, in situ, localized, regional, and distant breast cancers were evaluated stratified by rural-urban status. In counties with poor environmental quality compared to those with good environmental quality, total breast cancer incidence was higher by 10.82 cases per 100,000 persons (95% CI 2.04, 19.60, p = 0.02). This association was most pronounced for localized breast cancer (β = 5.59, 95% CI 0.59, 10.58, p = 0.03). Higher incidence of early-stage disease (carcinoma in situ β = 5.25, 95% CI 2.34, 8.16, p = 0.00 and localized breast cancer β = 6.98, 95% CI 2.24, 11.73, p = 0.00) and total breast cancer (β = 11.44, 95% CI 3.01, 19.87, p = 0.01) occurred in counties with poor land quality, especially urban counties. Our analyses indicate significant associations between environmental quality and breast cancer incidence, which differ by breast cancer stage and urbanicity, identifying a critical need to assess cumulative environmental exposures in the context of cancer stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa M Gearhart-Serna
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 2606 Med Ctr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Consortium for Inflammatory Breast Cancer, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brittany A Mills
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 2606 Med Ctr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hillary Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 2606 Med Ctr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Consortium for Inflammatory Breast Cancer, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Oluwadamilola M Fayanju
- Duke Consortium for Inflammatory Breast Cancer, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gayathri R Devi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 2606 Med Ctr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Consortium for Inflammatory Breast Cancer, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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Beyene HB, Giles C, Huynh K, Wang T, Cinel M, Mellett NA, Olshansky G, Meikle TG, Watts GF, Hung J, Hui J, Cadby G, Beilby J, Blangero J, Moses EK, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ, Meikle PJ. Metabolic phenotyping of BMI to characterize cardiometabolic risk: evidence from large population-based cohorts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6280. [PMID: 37805498 PMCID: PMC10560260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, a substantial proportion of patients with these conditions have a seemingly normal body mass index (BMI). Conversely, not all obese individuals present with metabolic disorders giving rise to the concept of "metabolically healthy obese". We use lipidomic-based models for BMI to calculate a metabolic BMI score (mBMI) as a measure of metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity. Using the difference between mBMI and BMI (mBMIΔ), we identify individuals with a similar BMI but differing in their metabolic health and disease risk profiles. Exercise and diet associate with mBMIΔ suggesting the ability to modify mBMI with lifestyle intervention. Our findings show that, the mBMI score captures information on metabolic dysregulation that is independent of the measured BMI and so provides an opportunity to assess metabolic health to identify "at risk" individuals for targeted intervention and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu B Beyene
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tingting Wang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Cinel
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Thomas G Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joseph Hung
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Gemma Cadby
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric K Moses
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Pathak S, Wang H, Seals K, Adusumilli NC, Holston D. Self-assessed health status and obesity vulnerability in rural Louisiana: A cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287181. [PMID: 37327219 PMCID: PMC10275442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rural communities are resource-constrained and at higher risk of obesity and obesity-related conditions. Thus, studying self-assessed health status and underlying vulnerabilities is critical to provide insights to the program planners for effective and efficient planning of obesity prevention programs. This study aims to investigate the correlates of self-assessed health status and subsequently determine the obesity vulnerability level of residents in rural communities. Randomly sampled data were obtained from in-person community surveys in three rural Louisiana counties-East Carroll, Saint Helena, and Tensas-in June 2021. The association of social-demographic factors, grocery store choice, and exercise frequency with self-assessed health was investigated using the ordered logit model. An obesity vulnerability index was constructed using the weights obtained from the principal component analysis. The results show that gender, race, education, possession of children, exercise frequency, and grocery store choice significantly influence self-assessed health status. Around 20% of respondents fall into the most-vulnerable segment and 65% of respondents are vulnerable to obesity. The obesity vulnerability index ranged from -4.036 to 4.565, indicating a wide heterogeneity in the vulnerability level of rural residents. The findings show that the self-assessed health status of rural residents is not promising along with a high level of vulnerability to obesity. The findings from this study could serve as a reference in the policy discussion regarding an effective and efficient suite of interventions in rural communities to address obesity and promote well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Pathak
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University (LSU) and LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University (LSU) and LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Katherine Seals
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Naveen C. Adusumilli
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University (LSU) and LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Denise Holston
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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Munawir Alhejely MM, Shibli KY, Hamed Almalki WA, Felemban GMB, Alluhaybi HS, Majrashi BM, Bakhsh BY. Influence of Lifestyle Changes on Cardiovascular Diseases in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40075. [PMID: 37425506 PMCID: PMC10326797 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undergone tremendous socio-economic development and urbanization over the past few decades, which has profoundly changed the lifestyle leading to several risk factors that contribute to the high prevalence of CVD. This systematic review identified significant lifestyle factors associated with CVD risk in order to inform effective interventions to decrease the CVD burden in Saudi Arabia. We researched all published articles and reports evaluating CVD risk factors in Saudi Arabia in the last four years from the following databases: Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. A total of 19 articles and 1 report were included. Physical inactivity was among 69.4% of the population, mostly among Saudi women, and was associated with 1.4-1.5 odds of CVD. Obesity prevalence was 49.6%-57% and was associated with more odds of CVD among women than men (3.3 odds vs. 2.38 odds). More than a third (34.4%) of the Saudi population studied ate unhealthy diets (rich in fat, poor in fibers, less vegetables and fruits, and ultra-processed), which was found to more than triple (almost quadruple) the CVD risks (OR=3.8). Smoking prevalence was 12.2%-26.2% and was more among men. Other factors, such as type 2 diabetes (OR=2.3) and stress (5.4%-16.9%), were also identified as factors. The prevalence of CVD lifestyle-related risk factors is still high in Saudi Arabia, especially physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, obesity, and smoking, which highlights the urgent need for lifestyle modifications and public health campaigns and collaboration among the Saudi government and its partners to effectively improve cardiovascular health in Saudi Arabia.
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Afunugo WE, Li CY, Chou LN, Ward F, Snih SA. Pain, obesity, and physical function in Mexican American older adults during 20 years of follow-up. PM R 2023; 15:331-341. [PMID: 35322569 PMCID: PMC9500111 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain remains largely undertreated in older adults irrespective of health care setting. Mexican American adults in the United States have a high age-adjusted prevalence of obesity. However, the association of pain and obesity with physical function is understudied in this population. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of co-occurring pain and obesity with physical function over 20 years of follow-up in a cohort of older Mexican Americans who scored ≥7 (moderate to high) in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test and were nondisabled at baseline. DESIGN Longitudinal population-based study. SETTING Community-dwelling older adults from Southwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS Mexican American adults age 65 years and older. INTERVENTIONS Not Applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Physical function was assessed with the SPPB test (standing balance, timed 8-ft walk, and five repeated timed chair stands). Participants at baseline were divided into four groups: no pain-no obesity (n = 869), obesity only (n = 282), pain only (n = 216), and pain-obesity (n = 159). Generalized Estimating Equation models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of lower performance in physical function over 20 years as a function of pain-obesity grouping. RESULTS Participants with pain only (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.34-1.95) and with co-occurring pain and obesity (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.83-2.95) had significantly greater odds of physical function impairment over those with no pain-no obesity or obesity only, after controlling for all covariates. CONCLUSION Older Mexican American adults were at high risk for physical function impairment over time if they had pain or co-occurring pain and obesity. Early assessment and proper pain management as well as maintaining a healthy weight may reduce declines in physical function in older Mexican American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma E. Afunugo
- School of Medicine. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Ying Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lin-Na Chou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Frank Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Rehabilitation Sciences. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Soham Al Snih
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Rehabilitation Sciences. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Division of Geriatrics & Palliative Medicine/Department of Internal Medicine. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Center on Aging. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Andiana O, Welis W, Taufik MS, Widiastuti, Siregar AH, Raharjo S. Effects of weight-bearing vs. non-weight-bearing endurance exercise on reducing body fat and inflammatory markers in obese females. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:215-225. [PMID: 36123345 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endurance exercise is an effective strategy for maintaining an anti-inflammatory environment and weight management. However, the effect of this type of exercise on decreasing body fat and TNF-α levels and increasing adiponectin levels is controversial. The aims of this study was to prove the effects of weight-bearing vs. non-weight-bearing endurance exercise on reducing body fat and inflammatory markers in obese females. METHODS 24 obese adolescents were recruited from female students from the State University of Malang. The interventions given in this study were weight-bearing endurance exercise (WBEE), and non-weight-bearing endurance exercise (NWBEE). Serum TNF-α levels and serum adiponectin levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis techniques use paired sample T-test with a significant level of 5%. RESULTS Results of the statistical analysis show that the average body fat (PBF, FM, FFM) and TNF-α levels before endurance exercise vs. after endurance exercise in both types of exercise experienced a significant decrease (p≤0.05), while average adiponectin levels in both types of exercise experienced a significant increase before endurance exercise vs. after endurance exercise (p≤0.001). CONCLUSIONS In general, it can be concluded that weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing endurance exercise with moderate-intensity for 40 min/exercise session reduce body fat and TNF-α levels and increase adiponectin levels as a marker of inflammation in obese female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Andiana
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Wilda Welis
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Padang, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Syamsul Taufik
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Teacher and Education, University of Suryakancana, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Widiastuti
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Jakarta, East Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Hakim Siregar
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, State University of Medan, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Slamet Raharjo
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Malang, Indonesia
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Jagielski P, Bolesławska I, Wybrańska I, Przysławski J, Łuszczki E. Effects of a Diet Containing Sources of Prebiotics and Probiotics and Modification of the Gut Microbiota on the Reduction of Body Fat. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1348. [PMID: 36674104 PMCID: PMC9859211 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in the WHO European Region, affecting almost 60% of adults. Based on the assessment of BMI (Body Mass Index), a group of 56 women aged 25-45 years (31 women group A average BMI 34.9 ± 4.86 kg/m2 and 25 women group B average BMI 33.4 ± 4.02 kg/m2) were qualified for the study. In a multi-center, two-arm, parallel, non-randomized study, two types of weight-reduction diets (A and B) were used over a 3-month period. In group A, a standard low-energy diet was used with individually adjusted caloric intake of 1100-1300 kcal, with an increase in the amount and frequency of consumption of sauerkraut and groats and a daily intake of fermented milk drinks (300-400 g), fermented cucumbers (100 g), mineral water (1 L) and cod liver oil (5 mL). In group B, a standard low-energy diet with individually adjusted caloric intake of 1100-1300 kcal with daily intake of fermented milk products (150 g), highly mineralized water (0.5 L), once a week fermented cucumbers, and once a week buckwheat groats was used. The following measurements were taken: body weight, body fat mass, water content, body height, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Body weight and body composition were measured using the Tanita MC-780 MA and TANITA BC-601 analyzer using the bioelectric bioimpedance method. The stool samples were analyzed in the microbiology laboratory where quantification of Bifidobcaterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, Akkermansia muciniphila and total bacterial count (TBC) was performed. Under the influence of the introduced nutritional intervention, a statistically significant reduction in body weight, body fat, waist circumference, and hip circumference was demonstrated after 3 months. Under the influence of weight reduction, as well as dietary changes, there was an increase in the number of Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria in the women studied. The low-energy diet containing sources of natural prebiotics and probiotics had a more favorable effect on the number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii bacteria compared to the standard diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Wybrańska
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Genetics and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Chen W, Liu X, Bao L, Yang P, Zhou H. Health effects of the time-restricted eating in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1079250. [PMID: 36875837 PMCID: PMC9979543 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1079250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The number of people suffering from overweight or obesity has been steadily increasing in recent years. As a new form of diet, the efficacy of time-restricted eating (TRE) remains debatable. Objective This meta-analysis quantified the effect of TRE on weight change and other physical parameters in obese and overweight adults. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the TRE interventions on weight loss and other metabolic parameters by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify eligible trials published from database inception up until 23 August 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB-2.0). Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 software. Results Nine RCTs with 665 individuals (345 in the TRE group while 320 in the control group) were included. Results indicated that TRE had a greater decrease in body weight (-1.28 kg; 95% CI [-2.05, -0.52], p = 0.001), fat mass (-0.72 kg; 95% CI [-1.40, -0.03], p = 0.04), body mass index (-0.34 kg/m2; 95% CI [-0.64, -0.04], p = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (-2.26 mmHg 95% CI [-4.02, -0.50], p = 0.01). However, the meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference between TRE and the control group in lean mass, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. Besides, the duration of the study and daily eating window also had an impact on weight change. Conclusion TRE was associated with reductions in weight and fat mass and can be a dietary intervention option for adults with obesity. But high-quality trials and longer follow-ups are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Wang X, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Gold EB, Derby C, Greendale G, Wu X, Schwartz J, Park SK. Longitudinal Associations of Air Pollution With Body Size and Composition in Midlife Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2577-2584. [PMID: 36084038 PMCID: PMC9679268 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined longitudinal associations of air pollution exposure, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), with weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, lean mass, and proportion fat mass in midlife women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included 1,654 White, Black, Chinese, and Japanese women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, with the baseline median age of 49.6 years, followed from 2000 to 2008. Annual air pollution exposures were assigned by linking residential addresses with hybrid estimates of air pollutant concentrations at 1-km2 resolution. Body size was measured, and body composition was measured using DXA at approximately annual visits. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the associations between air pollution and body size and composition measures and whether these associations differed by physical activity. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 concentration (4.5 μg/m3) was associated with 4.53% (95% CI 3.85%, 5.22%) higher fat mass, 1.10% (95% CI 0.95%, 1.25%) higher proportion fat mass, and 0.39% (95% CI -0.77%, -0.01%) lower lean mass. Similar associations were also observed for NO2 and O3. Weaker associations of PM2.5 and NO2 with body composition were observed in participants who engaged in more physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses provide evidence that exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3, is adversely associated with body composition, including higher fat mass, higher proportional fat mass, and lower lean mass, highlighting their potential contribution to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Ellen B. Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Carol Derby
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Gail Greendale
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiangmei Wu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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12
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Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Glenn JM. Editorial: ICT-based training intervention for healthy aging: ITIHA. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1067462. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1067462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Alhammad SA, Alwadeai KS. All Types Obesity and Physical Inactivity Associated with the Risk of Activity of Daily Living Limitations Among People with Asthma. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1573-1583. [PMID: 35909421 PMCID: PMC9326037 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s368660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the association between all types of obesity, physical inactivity, and the risk of activity of daily living limitations in people with asthma. Patients and Methods In this cross-sectional study, data from 2555 people aged between 25 and 74 years were acquired from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States Refresher conducted between 2011 and 2014. Self-reported questions were used to specify the presence or absence of asthma and physical inactivity. All participants were categorized as having no asthma or asthma. Obesity was defined based on three distinctive indicators: body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that people with asthma who had all types of obesity alone or both all types of obesity and physical inactivity were significantly (P <0.0001) almost more than three times more likely to have limitations in the activity of daily living than those without this condition, even after adjusting for all covariates. Moreover, the odds of activity of daily living limitations were 1.69 times increased in asthma patients with physical inactivity alone, but this increase in risk was not significant (P =0.465). In addition, the odds of activity of daily living limitations were significantly (P <0.0001) more than twice independently in people with asthma aged between 60 and 74 years, female, undergraduate level of education, smoking, and having joint/bone underlying diseases. Conclusion The results demonstrated that the presence of all types of obesity is related to a higher risk of activity of daily living limitations in people with asthma than in those without asthma. Having both all types of obesity and physical inactivity are also linked to a greater risk of activity of daily living limitations in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad A Alhammad
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alwadeai
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Silveira EA, Mendonça CR, Delpino FM, Elias Souza GV, Pereira de Souza Rosa L, de Oliveira C, Noll M. Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity and obesity in adults and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Katsaounou K, Nicolaou E, Vogazianos P, Brown C, Stavrou M, Teloni S, Hatzis P, Agapiou A, Fragkou E, Tsiaoussis G, Potamitis G, Zaravinos A, Andreou C, Antoniades A, Shiammas C, Apidianakis Y. Colon Cancer: From Epidemiology to Prevention. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060499. [PMID: 35736432 PMCID: PMC9229931 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental, heritable, or sex-linked causes, sporadic CRC is hard to foresee and has no molecular biomarkers of risk in clinical use. One in twenty CRC cases presents with an established heritable component. The remaining cases are sporadic and associated with partially obscure genetic, epigenetic, regenerative, microbiological, dietary, and lifestyle factors. To tackle this complexity, we should improve the practice of colonoscopy, which is recommended uniformly beyond a certain age, to include an assessment of biomarkers indicative of individual CRC risk. Ideally, such biomarkers will be causal to the disease and potentially modifiable upon dietary or therapeutic interventions. Multi-omics analysis, including transcriptional, epigenetic as well as metagenomic, and metabolomic profiles, are urgently required to provide data for risk analyses. The aim of this article is to provide a perspective on the multifactorial derailment of homeostasis leading to the initiation of CRC, which may be explored via multi-omics and Gut-on-Chip analysis to identify much-needed predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Katsaounou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Paris Vogazianos
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Cameron Brown
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Marios Stavrou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Savvas Teloni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece;
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| | | | | | | | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Athos Antoniades
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Kanaley JA, Colberg SR, Corcoran MH, Malin SK, Rodriguez NR, Crespo CJ, Kirwan JP, Zierath JR. Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:353-368. [PMID: 35029593 PMCID: PMC8802999 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This consensus statement is an update of the 2010 American College of Sports Medicine position stand on exercise and type 2 diabetes. Since then, a substantial amount of research on select topics in exercise in individuals of various ages with type 2 diabetes has been published while diabetes prevalence has continued to expand worldwide. This consensus statement provides a brief summary of the current evidence and extends and updates the prior recommendations. The document has been expanded to include physical activity, a broader, more comprehensive definition of human movement than planned exercise, and reducing sedentary time. Various types of physical activity enhance health and glycemic management in people with type 2 diabetes, including flexibility and balance exercise, and the importance of each recommended type or mode are discussed. In general, the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans apply to all individuals with type 2 diabetes, with a few exceptions and modifications. People with type 2 diabetes should engage in physical activity regularly and be encouraged to reduce sedentary time and break up sitting time with frequent activity breaks. Any activities undertaken with acute and chronic health complications related to diabetes may require accommodations to ensure safe and effective participation. Other topics addressed are exercise timing to maximize its glucose-lowering effects and barriers to and inequities in physical activity adoption and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Sheri R Colberg
- Human Movement Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Nancy R Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Carlos J Crespo
- Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SWEDEN
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17
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Ligeza N, Larson A, DeBeliso M. Resilience, Psychological Stress, Physical Activity, and BMI among United States Air National Guardsmen: The COVID-19 Pandemic. J Lifestyle Med 2022; 12:26-36. [PMID: 35300042 PMCID: PMC8918376 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2022.12.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Military service members carry the responsibility to maintain physical and psychological readiness. As such, it is critical for researchers to begin unravelling the widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on service member’s mental and physical wellbeing. The aim of this research was to investigate the complex relationships between BMI, physical activity, psychological stress and resilience among United States Air National Guardsmen (USANG), specifically during the pandemic. Methods An online survey was distributed to USANG members. The survey included measures of resilience (CD-RISC-25), perceived psychological stress (PSS), perceived psychological stress brought on by COVID-19 (COVID-19 PSL), current levels of physical activity (IPAQ-SF), perceived impact on physical activity brought on by COVID-19 (COVID-19 PAL), and BMI. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were used to assess correlation significance (α ≤ 0.05), direction, and magnitude. Results A total of 110 responses met inclusion criteria for data interpretation. A majority reported a decline in physical activity 54.5%, while 60% reported an increase in psychological stress. According to BMI classifications, 60.9% were considered overweight or obese. Seven meaningful (effect size ≥ |2.0|) and statistically significant salient associations were identified resilience-PSS r = -0.38; resilience-COVID-19 PAL r = 0.21; PSS-COVID-19 PSL r = 0.35; PSS-COVID-19 PAL r = -0.23; COVID-19 PSL COVID-19 PAL r = -0.24; IPAQ-SF-BMI r = -0.23; BMI-Covid-19 PAL r = -0.32. Conclusion Key outcomes suggest resilience is inversely associated with assessed and perceived stress, resilience may influence health-related behaviour which subsequently might aid as a protective factor against psychological stress. Knowledge regarding the relationships between the aforementioned variables may help inform decisions by military leadership regarding future lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ligeza
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA
| | - Abigail Larson
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA
| | - Mark DeBeliso
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA
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18
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Olvera N, Hammons AJ, Teran-Garcia M, Plaza-Delestre M, Fiese B. Hispanic Parents' Views of Family Physical Activity: Results from a Multisite Focus Group Investigation. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:740. [PMID: 34572172 DOI: 10.3390/children8090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding parental views regarding family physical activity is essential to the development of family-focused physical activity interventions. Using a qualitative methodology with thematic analysis and a socio-demographic questionnaire, this study aimed to examine Mexican American and Puerto Rican parental views on child and family physical activity. Sixty-one parents (56 mothers, five fathers) from four sites (California, Illinois, Texas, and Puerto Rico) each participated in a single one-hour focus group session, which included an average of five parents. The findings of this study indicated that parents perceived themselves and their families to be physically active, while some parents believed their children were getting enough physical activity at school and afterschool programs. Walking, bicycling, and playing soccer were the most common physical activities that parents reported engaging in as a family. In addition, some parents shared their preference for exercising without their children. Time constraints along with unsafe neighborhood streets and parks were identified as the major barriers to being physically active as a family. Mothers reported that fathers’ involvement in physical activity and combining a healthy diet with exercise were useful strategies for physical activity promotion. This study provides valuable information regarding Hispanic parental views concerning family physical activity relevant to the design of culturally family-based physical activity interventions for this population.
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Kumar Dev P, Gray AJ, Scott-Hamilton J, Hagstrom AD, Murphy A, Denham J. Co-expression analysis identifies networks of miRNAs implicated in biological ageing and modulated by short-term interval training. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111552. [PMID: 34363832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training seems to promote healthy biological ageing partly by inducing telomere maintenance, yet the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies have emphasised the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in ageing and their ability to mirror pathophysiological alterations associated with age-related diseases. We examined the association between aerobic fitness and leukocyte telomere length before determining the influence of vigorous exercise training on the regulation of leukocyte miRNA networks. Telomere length was positively correlated to aerobic fitness (r = 0.32, p = 0.02). 104 miRNAs were differentially expressed after six weeks of thrice-weekly sprint interval training (SIT) in healthy men (q < 0.05). Gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) detected biologically meaningful miRNA networks, five of which were significantly correlated with pre-SIT and post-SIT expression profiles (p < 0.001) and telomere length. Enrichment analysis revealed that the immune response, T cell differentiation and lipid metabolism associated miRNAs clusters were significantly down-regulated after SIT. Using data acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we also identified two co-expressed miRNAs families that were modulated by exercise training in previous investigations. Collectively, our findings highlight the miRNA networks implicated in exercise adaptations and telomere regulation, and suggest that SIT may attenuate biological ageing through the control of the let-7 and miR-320 miRNA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Kumar Dev
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, India
| | - Adrian J Gray
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Amanda D Hagstrom
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Aron Murphy
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Jalal SM, Beth MRM, Al-Hassan HJM, Alshealah NMJ. Body Mass Index, Practice of Physical Activity and Lifestyle of Students During COVID-19 Lockdown. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1901-1910. [PMID: 34321887 PMCID: PMC8311005 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s325269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several factors influence the student’s physical activity and lifestyle. The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) lockdown has restricted student’s activity and altered their routine lifestyle. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the significant changes in body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and lifestyle of the students including diet, sleep, and mental health before and during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods The study participants were 628 students studying bachelor’s degree programs, between 18 and 30 years of age, both genders from the university of Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The lockdown began on 23 March and ended on 21 June 2020 in Saudi Arabia. The students were interviewed before (March 2020) and during (June 2020) lockdown. The structured tool included baseline information of the students, anthropometric data, global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), dietary recall, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and perceived stress scale (PSP). Chi-square tests were used to associate the baseline information with BMI changes during the lockdown. Results BMI of the students showed that 32% increased their weight, 22% lost their weight and 46% maintained the same weight during COVID-19 lockdown. The physical activity significantly decreased and sedentary time increased (p = 0.0001). Regarding the lifestyle components, fast and fried food consumption decreased, and calorie intake increased significantly (p = 0.001). Stress level (p = 0.001) significantly decreased, and sleep level (p = 0.001) increased during lockdown. The variables associated with weight changes were the level of students (p < 0.05) and time spent on social media per day (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Though half of the students maintained the same BMI during the lockdown, students who increased BMI were associated with physical activity and lifestyle. Hence, health awareness on weight maintenance, active physical activities, and a healthy lifestyle must be created among the students, which help in creating and implementing policies in the future. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/aBhTIfvT-0o
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahbanathul Missiriya Jalal
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mini Rani Mary Beth
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nuriya Mousa Jafar Alshealah
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Ammar A, Boukhris O, Halfpaap N, Labott BK, Langhans C, Herold F, Grässler B, Müller P, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Zmijewski P, Driss T, Glenn JM, Müller NG, Hoekelmann A. Four Weeks of Detraining Induced by COVID-19 Reverse Cardiac Improvements from Eight Weeks of Fitness-Dance Training in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5930. [PMID: 34073051 PMCID: PMC8198940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical training is considered as a low-cost intervention to generate cardioprotective benefits and to promote physical and mental health, while reducing the severity of acute respiratory infection symptoms in older adults. However, lockdown measures during COVID-19 have limited people's opportunity to exercise regularly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Fitness and Dance training, followed by four weeks of COVID-19-induced detraining, on cardiac adaptations and physical performance indicators in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Twelve older adults (6 males and 6 females) with MCI (age, 73 ± 4.4 y; body mass, 75.3 ± 6.4 kg; height, 172 ± 8 cm; MMSE score: 24-27) participated in eight weeks of a combined Fitness-Dance training intervention (two sessions/week) followed by four weeks of training cessation induced by COVID-19 lockdowns. Wireless Polar Team Pro and Polar heart rate sensors (H10) were used to monitor covered distance, speed, heart rate (HR min, avg and max), time in HR zone 1 to 5, strenuousness (load score), beat-to-beat interval (max RR and avg RR) and heart rate variability (HRV-RMSSD). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data of the three test sessions (T1: first training session, T2: last training session of the eight-week training program, and T3: first training session after the four-week training cessation). Statistical analysis showed that eight weeks of combined Fitness-Dance training induced beneficial cardiac adaptations by decreasing HR (HR min, HR avg and HR max) with p < 0.001, ES = 0.5-0.6 and Δ = -7 to-9 bpm, and increasing HRV related responses (max and avg RR and RMSSD), with p < 0.01 and ES = 0.4. Consequently, participants spent more time in comfortable HR zones (e.g., p < 0.0005; ES = 0.7; Δ = 25% for HR zone 1) and showed reduced strenuousness (p = 0.02, Δ = -15% for load score), despite the higher covered total distance and average speed (p < 0.01; ES = 0.4). However, these changes were reversed after only four weeks of COVID-19 induced detraining, with values of all parameters returning to their baseline levels. In conclusion, eight weeks of combined Fitness-Dance training seems to be an efficient strategy to promote cardioprotective benefits in older adults with MCI. Importantly, to maintain these health benefits, training has to be continued and detraining periods should be reduced. During a pandemic, home-based exercise programs may provide an effective and efficient alternative of physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (O.B.); (H.C.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Nicole Halfpaap
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Berit Kristin Labott
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Corinna Langhans
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Fabian Herold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.H.); (P.M.); (N.G.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grässler
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Patrick Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.H.); (P.M.); (N.G.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (O.B.); (H.C.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Notger G. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.H.); (P.M.); (N.G.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anita Hoekelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (N.H.); (B.K.L.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (A.H.)
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Moriggi M, Belloli S, Barbacini P, Murtaj V, Torretta E, Chaabane L, Canu T, Penati S, Malosio ML, Esposito A, Gelfi C, Moresco RM, Capitanio D. Skeletal Muscle Proteomic Profile Revealed Gender-Related Metabolic Responses in a Diet-Induced Obesity Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094680. [PMID: 33925229 PMCID: PMC8125379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, complex pathology associated with a risk of developing secondary pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and musculoskeletal disorders. Since skeletal muscle accounts for more than 70% of total glucose disposal, metabolic alterations are strictly associated with the onset of insulin resistance and T2DM. The present study relies on the proteomic analysis of gastrocnemius muscle from 15 male and 15 female C56BL/J mice fed for 14 weeks with standard, 45% or 60% high-fat diets (HFD) adopting a label-free LC–MS/MS approach followed by bioinformatic pathway analysis. Results indicate changes in males due to HFD, with increased muscular stiffness (Col1a1, Col1a2, Actb), fiber-type switch from slow/oxidative to fast/glycolytic (decreased Myh7, Myl2, Myl3 and increased Myh2, Mylpf, Mybpc2, Myl1), increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased respiratory chain complex I and V and increased complex III subunits). At variance, females show few alterations and activation of compensatory mechanisms to counteract the increase of fatty acids. Bioinformatics analysis allows identifying upstream molecules involved in regulating pathways identified at variance in our analysis (Ppargc1a, Pparg, Cpt1b, Clpp, Tp53, Kdm5a, Hif1a). These findings underline the presence of a gender-specific response to be considered when approaching obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moriggi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy;
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (S.B.); (R.M.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Murtaj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Linda Chaabane
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Tamara Canu
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Silvia Penati
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.M.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Malosio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.M.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
- Experimental Imaging Center, Radiology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (S.B.); (R.M.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250330411
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Zhang N, Zhang A, Wang L, Nie P. Fine particulate matter and body weight status among older adults in China: Impacts and pathways. Health Place 2021; 69:102571. [PMID: 33887573 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population ageing and air pollution have become two major public health concerns in China. Longitudinal evidence on the body weight impacts of air pollution among older adults is rare. This study aims to investigate the impacts of ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) on weight status of older adults in China and the potential behavioral and metabolic pathways through which PM2.5 influences weight status. METHODS The longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (body mass index-BMI, n = 9053; waist/height ratio-WHR, n = 9064) were linked to the air pollution data at the city-level with a rural-urban distinction. We used mixed-effects linear models to evaluate the impacts of PM2.5 on individual weight status and multiple mediation analysis to examine potential pathways. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant socioeconomic and city-level risk factors, significant and robust positive impacts of PM2.5 on BMI (0.025, 95%CI: 0.018, 0.031) and WHR*100 (0.058, 95%CI: 0.044, 0.072) were found among older adults in China. The PM2.5-weight status relationship among older adults may be mediated through metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction pathways particularly HbA1c and C-reactive protein (CRP). As PM2.5 deteriorates, the detrimental impacts tend to be more severe for rural-urban migrants and rural residents, compared to their urban counterparts. The worsening rural PM2.5 profiles in some areas, such as the northern parts of the Central and the Eastern, may leave them particularly vulnerable to air pollution. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 has an independent and significant detrimental impact on weight status including BMI and WHR of older adults in China, especially among rural adults and rural-urban migrants. PM2.5 may affect weight status of older adults through biomarkers such as HbA1c and CRP. More research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Social Statistics, Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing (MICRA), Cathie Marsh Institute (CMI), School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Department of Economics, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Planning and Environmental Management, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Peng Nie
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China
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24
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Pureza IRDOM, Macena MDL, da Silva Junior AE, Praxedes DRS, Vasconcelos LGL, Bueno NB. Effect of early time-restricted feeding on the metabolic profile of adults with excess weight: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1788-1799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Simo LP, Agbor VN, Temgoua FZ, Fozeu LCF, Bonghaseh DT, Mbonda AGN, Yurika R, Dotse-Gborgbortsi W, Mbanya D. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in selected health areas in a rural health district in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:475. [PMID: 33691650 PMCID: PMC7944596 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity are major public health problems worldwide, with projections suggesting a proportional increase in the number of affected individuals in developing countries by the year 2030. Evidence-based preventive strategies are needed to reduce the burden of overweight and obesity in developing countries. We assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with overweight and obesity in selected health areas in West Cameroon. Methods Data were collected from a community-based cross-sectional study, involving the consecutive recruitment of participants aged 18 years or older. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the WHO classification. The statistical software R (version 3.5.1, The R Foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria) was used for statistical analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent factors associated with overweight and obesity, and obesity. Results Records of 485 participants were included for analysis. The age and sex-standardized prevalence of overweight, obesity, and overweight and obesity were 31.1% (95% CI, 27.0–35.2), 18.9% (95% CI, 14.9–22.9), and 50.1% (95% CI, 45.7–54.6), respectively. In multivariable analysis, being female (adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.69–4.63), married (aOR = 3.90, 95% CI = 2.23–6.95), and having secondary or tertiary education (aOR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.77–6.17) were associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity, while current smokers had lower odds of overweight and obesity (aOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.16–0.82) when compared to their respective counterpart. Compared to their respective reference categories, being female being (aOR = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.01–7.30), married (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.37–5.05) and having secondary or tertiary education (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.00–4.23) were associated with higher odds of obesity after adjustments for confounding. Conclusion We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study. The odds of overweight and obesity was higher in females, married participants, and those with higher levels of education. Community-based interventions to control overweight and obesity should consider targeting these groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10403-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pone Simo
- Clinical Research Education, Networking & Consultancy (CRENC), Douala, Cameroon
| | - Valirie Ndip Agbor
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Department of Clinical Research, Health Education and Research Organization (HERO), Douala, Cameroon.
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Yurika
- Technical Group for Tuberculosis Control, North West Regional Delegation of Public Health, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Winfred Dotse-Gborgbortsi
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Highfield, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dora Mbanya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Tallis J, Shelley S, Degens H, Hill C. Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction Is Aggravated by Obesity: An Investigation of Contractile Function, Implications and Treatment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:372. [PMID: 33801275 PMCID: PMC8000988 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and coupled with the unprecedented growth of the world's older adult population, a growing number of individuals are both old and obese. Whilst both ageing and obesity are associated with an increased prevalence of chronic health conditions and a substantial economic burden, evidence suggests that the coincident effects exacerbate negative health outcomes. A significant contributor to such detrimental effects may be the reduction in the contractile performance of skeletal muscle, given that poor muscle function is related to chronic disease, poor quality of life and all-cause mortality. Whilst the effects of ageing and obesity independently on skeletal muscle function have been investigated, the combined effects are yet to be thoroughly explored. Given the importance of skeletal muscle to whole-body health and physical function, the present study sought to provide a review of the literature to: (1) summarise the effect of obesity on the age-induced reduction in skeletal muscle contractile function; (2) understand whether obesity effects on skeletal muscle are similar in young and old muscle; (3) consider the consequences of these changes to whole-body functional performance; (4) outline important future work along with the potential for targeted intervention strategies to mitigate potential detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tallis
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV15FB, UK;
| | - Sharn Shelley
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV15FB, UK;
| | - Hans Degens
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK;
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Cameron Hill
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
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Drieskens S, Berger N, Vandevijvere S, Gisle L, Braekman E, Charafeddine R, De Ridder K, Demarest S. Short-term impact of the COVID-19 confinement measures on health behaviours and weight gain among adults in Belgium. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:22. [PMID: 33618770 PMCID: PMC7897894 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Belgium, confinement measures were introduced on the 13th of March 2020 to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). These measures may affect health behaviours of the population such as eating habits, physical activity and alcohol consumption, which in turn can lead to weight gain resulting in overweight and obesity, increasing the risk of several chronic diseases, but also of severe COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of confinement measures on health behaviours and their associations with weight gain. METHODS Data were derived from the second national COVID-19 health survey. Data were collected between the 16th and the 23rd of April 2020. The recruitment of participants was based on snowball sampling via Sciensano's website, invitations via e-mail and social media. The study sample includes participants aged 18 years and over with no missing data on the variables of interest (n = 28,029). The association between self-reported weight gain and health behaviour changes, adjusted for gender, age group and household composition was assessed through OR's (95% CI) calculated with logistic regression models, using post-stratification weights. RESULTS Overall, 28.6% reported weight gain after 6 weeks of confinement. Higher odds of weight gain were observed among participants who increased or decreased their consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR = 1.39 (1.15-1.68) and 1.29 (1.04-1.60), respectively), among those who increased their consumption of sweet or salty snacks (OR = 3.65 (3.27-4.07)), among those who became less physically active (OR = 1.91 (1.71-2.13)), and among those who increased their alcohol consumption (OR = 1.86 (1.66-2.08)). CONCLUSIONS The most important correlates of weight gain during confinement were an increased consumption of sweet or salty snacks and being less physically active. These findings confirm the impact of diet and exercise on short term weight gain and plead to take more action, in supporting people to achieve healthier behaviours in order to tackle overweight and obesity, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Drieskens
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Berger
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Stefanie Vandevijvere
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lydia Gisle
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Louvain, Brussels, Woluwe, Belgium
| | - Elise Braekman
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rana Charafeddine
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin De Ridder
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Demarest
- Scientific Direction Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Louvain, Brussels, Woluwe, Belgium
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Abstract
Currently, obesity has become a global health issue and is referred to as an epidemic. Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the development of insulin resistance. However, the mechanism of how dysfunctional obese-adipose tissue develops insulin-resistant circumstances remains poorly understood. Therefore, this review attempts to highlight the potential mechanisms behind obesity-associated insulin resistance. Multiple risk factors are directly or indirectly associated with the increased risk of obesity; among them, environmental factors, genetics, aging, gut microbiota, and diets are prominent. Once an individual becomes obese, adipocytes increase in their size; therefore, adipose tissues become larger and dysfunctional, recruit macrophages, and then these polarize to pro-inflammatory states. Enlarged adipose tissues release excess free fatty acids (FFAs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Excess systemic FFAs and dietary lipids enter inside the cells of non-adipose organs such as the liver, muscle, and pancreas, and are deposited as ectopic fat, generating lipotoxicity. Toxic lipids dysregulate cellular organelles, e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. Dysregulated organelles release excess ROS and pro-inflammation, resulting in systemic inflammation. Long term low-grade systemic inflammation prevents insulin from its action in the insulin signaling pathway, disrupts glucose homeostasis, and results in systemic dysregulation. Overall, long-term obesity and overnutrition develop into insulin resistance and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation through lipotoxicity, creating the circumstances to develop clinical conditions. This review also shows that the liver is the most sensitive organ undergoing insulin impairment faster than other organs, and thus, hepatic insulin resistance is the primary event that leads to the subsequent development of peripheral tissue insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulbul Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States.
| | - Rifat Sultana
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, United States
| | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
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Möller MD, Ihorst G, Pahl A, Scheubeck S, Barsch F, Dold SM, Bertz H, Arends J, Wäsch R, Engelhardt M. Physical activity is associated with less comorbidity, better treatment tolerance and improved response in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing stem cell transplantation. J Geriatr Oncol 2020; 12:521-530. [PMID: 33223484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) have substantially improved, nonetheless MM usually remains incurable. Patients with active disease may be affected by numerous comorbidities, including fatigue, depression and osteolytic lesions, which influence their quality of life (QoL). Albeit, it is known that exercising is beneficial for patients' QoL, few clinical trials are available in patients with MM. We therefore aimed to compare comorbidities and clinical outcome in physically active and inactive patients with MM. MATERIAL AND METHODS We defined physical activity according to WHO criteria (150 min of moderate activity and two sessions of resistance training/week). We matched 53 physically active patients with 53 controls (for age, gender, cytogenetics, disease stage, and therapy) and compared the cohorts for incidence of comorbidities/MM symptoms (osteolytic lesions, anemia, infections, fatigue, depression, Revised-Myeloma Comorbidity Index [R-MCI]) and clinical outcome (treatment tolerance, responses to therapy, PFS and OS) in a retrospective audit. All patients were newly diagnosed with MM and received autologous stem cell transplantations (ASCT) between 2001 and 2017. RESULTS Physically active patients showed superior outcomes in R-MCI (p = 0.0005), fatigue (p = 0.0063), treatment tolerance (p = 0.0258) and hospital stays (p = 0.0072). Furthermore, they showed better treatment responses (p = 0.0366), especially complete remission (CR; p = 0.0018) as well as better OS and PFS. CONCLUSION Physical activity in patients with MM undergoing ASCT seemed associated with better overall clinical outcome. Randomized clinical trials are required to understand the benefits and devise strategies for improving exercising among patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy-Deborah Möller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ihorst
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Pahl
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Scheubeck
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Barsch
- Institute for Movement and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Maria Dold
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Bertz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jann Arends
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Bie Larsen J, Arendt-Nielsen L, Simonsen O, Madeleine P. Pain, sensitization and physical performances in patients with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis or chronic pain following total knee arthroplasty: An explorative study. Eur J Pain 2020; 25:213-224. [PMID: 32955780 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess clinical pain, pain sensitization and physical performances to profile patients with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) or pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Examining the interactions between pain mechanisms and physical performances would enable us to investigate the underlying explanatory relationships between these parameters. METHODS In this explorative study, 70 patients with chronic painful knee OA (N = 46) or chronic pain after TKA (N = 24) were assessed for clinical pain, quantitative sensory profiling (mechanical pinprick pain sensitivity, temporal summation (TS) and conditioned pain modulation), physical performances (chair stand, walk and stair climb tests) and self-reported outcomes. Between-group comparisons were made using ANCOVA tests and associations between outcomes were analysed using multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS Overall, no differences between groups regarding clinical pain and quantitative sensory profiling outcomes were observed. Physical performances were lower in the TKA group compared with the OA group with moderate-to-large effect sizes, and a tendency towards better scores in self-reported outcomes for the OA group was observed with small-to-moderate effect sizes. Self-reported function seems to be associated with physical performances in the TKA group. Sensitization (TS) appears to be associated with poorer physical performances in the OA group. CONCLUSIONS Similar profiles for pain intensity, signs of sensitization and conditioned pain modulation were observed. Patients with TKA seems to have impaired physical performances compared with the OA group, underlining the importance of targeting physical performances. Only the OA patients showed an association between sensitization (TS) and physical performance. SIGNIFICANCE Quantitative pain profiling assessment was used to assess pain intensities and pain mechanisms. We observed associations between physical performances and temporal summation in the OA group underlining the importance of assessing motor functions and pain mechanisms in the same trial. We observed lower levels of physical performances in the TKA group compared with the OA group, suggesting that examination and rehabilitation of physical performances is essential for TKA patients with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bie Larsen
- Translational Pain Biomarkers, CNAP, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark.,Sports Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Translational Pain Biomarkers, CNAP, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Ole Simonsen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Sports Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
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Castrillon CIM, Beckenkamp PR, Ferreira ML, Michell JA, de Aguiar Mendes VA, Luscombe GM, Stamatakis E, Ferreira PH. Are people in the bush really physically active? A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in rural Australians populations. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010410. [PMID: 32373329 PMCID: PMC7182355 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable disease and premature mortality. People who live in rural settings are usually regarded as more physically active than those living in urban areas, however, direct comparisons between these populations are scarce. We aimed to summarise the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour in rural settings in Australia, compared to urban counterparts. Methods We searched six databases (AMED, Embase, Medline; CINAHL, SPORTDiscus; and RURAL) and identified 28 observational studies that investigated the levels of physical inactivity and/or sedentary behaviour in adults aged 18 years and over in rural Australia. Random effects meta-analysis was used to generate pooled prevalence estimates. Results Physical inactivity was four percentage points (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4 to 8) higher in rural populations compared to urban populations. There was a one percentage point (95% CI = -3 to 5) prevalence difference of physical activity in the rural populations. Rural populations reported on average 7.8 hours of sedentary time per day (95% CI = 5 to 10) and the prevalence of high levels of sedentary behaviour (≥to 8 hours per day) was 7% (95% CI = -8 to -7) greater in urban areas compared to rural areas. Conclusions People living in rural areas are just as physically inactive as people who live in urban areas. Our findings challenge the popular views that rural lifestyles result in people engaging more frequently in physical activity. Public health campaigns promoting physical activity in rural settings are just as necessary as in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula R Beckenkamp
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manuela L Ferreira
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, The Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jose A Michell
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, The Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,University of Sao Paulo, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,The University of Sydney, School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orange, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Georgina M Luscombe
- The University of Sydney, School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orange, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paulo Henrique Ferreira
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
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Li X, Xiao J, Huang M, Liu T, Guo L, Zeng W, Chen Q, Zhang J, Ma W. Associations of county-level cumulative environmental quality with mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mortality of tracheal, bronchus and lung cancers. Sci Total Environ 2020; 703:135523. [PMID: 31767293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancers are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Many environmental factors have been linked to COPD and TBL cancers. This study examined the associations of cumulative environmental quality indices with COPD mortality and TBL cancers mortality, respectively. Environmental Quality Index (EQI) was constructed to represent cumulative environmental quality for the overall environment and 5 major environmental domains (e.g., air, water, built). Associations of each EQI indices with COPD mortality and TBL cancers mortality, across 3109 counties in the 48 contiguous states of the US, were examined using simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models. Stratified analyses were conducted in females versus males and according to rural-urban continuum codes (RUCC) to assess the heterogeneity across the overall population. Overall poor environmental quality was associated with a percent difference (PD) of 0.75 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 0.46, 1.05] in COPD mortality and an PD of 1.22 (95% CI, 0.97, 1.46) in TBL cancers mortality. PDs were higher in females than in males for both COPD and TBL cancers. The built domain had the largest effect on COPD mortality (PD, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.58, 1.12) while the air domain had the largest effect on TBL cancers mortality (PD, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.31, 1.76). The EQI-mortality associations varied among different RUCCs, but no consistent trend was found. This result suggests that poor environmental quality, particularly poor air quality and built environment quality may increase the mortality risk for COPD and that for TBL cancers. Females appear to be more susceptible to the effect of cumulative environmental quality. Our findings highlight the importance of improving overall and domain-specific cumulative environmental quality in reducing COPD and TBL cancer mortalities in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, China
| | - Miaoling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province 215316, China.
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, China.
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Zhang N, Wang L, Zhang M, Nazroo J. Air quality and obesity at older ages in China: The role of duration, severity and pollutants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226279. [PMID: 31826013 PMCID: PMC6905559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population ageing and air pollution have emerged as two of the most pressing challenges in China. However, little evidence has explored the impact of air pollution on obesity among older adults in China. METHODS The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study-a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older Chinese was linked to the air pollution data at the city level. Multilevel logistic models were fitted on obesity status among older people in relation to different air quality measures such as chronic exposures to severities of air pollution and pollutants. RESULTS Air pollution was positively associated with increased risks of general obesity and abdominal obesity among older adults (N = 4,364) especially for those with disability. The marginal effects of average air quality index (AQI) on obesity suggest that one standard deviation increase in AQI is associated with increased risks of central obesity by 2.8% (95%CI 1.7% 3.9%) and abdominal obesity by 6.2% (95%CI 4.4% 8.0%). The risk of chronic exposures to light (and moderate), heavy and severe pollution on obesity elevated in a graded fashion in line with the level of pollution. Durations of exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly associated with increased risk of obesity among older people in China. CONCLUSIONS Chronic exposures to severe air pollution and certain pollutants such as PM2.5 and PM10 raise the risk of obesity among older people in China and the relationships were stronger for those with disability. Future policies that target these factors might provide a promising way of enhancing the physical health of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Social Statistics, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research (CMI), School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing (MICRA), School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Manchester Urban Institute, Urban Planning, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Min Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Nazroo
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing (MICRA), School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Sociology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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