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Barbosa LMC, Scarpassa VM. Bionomics and population dynamics of anopheline larvae from an area dominated by fish farming tanks in northern Brazilian Amazon. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288983. [PMID: 37624846 PMCID: PMC10456186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazilian Amazon, deforestation and other anthropogenic activities as a consequence of human occupation have created new and artificial larval habitats for anopheline mosquitoes, providing conditions for oviposition, development and expansion of malaria vector populations. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to structurally characterize and describe the entomological and limnological parameters of Anopheles larval habitats from a malaria region in northern Brazilian Amazon. METHODS Fifty-two larval habitats were investigated in the District of Ilha de Santana, in the Brazilian state of Amapá, comprising fish farming tanks, ponds, and streams. For entomological parameters, the immature larvae were collected monthly from July 2019 to June 2020. For limnological parameters, the water samples were collected from 20 larval habitats during the sampling period. The data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models, Multivariate analyses, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Fifty habitats were positive for Anopheles larvae and a total of nine species were collected. The fish farming tanks had the highest abundance of larvae compared with ponds and streams. Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles triannulatus were collected in 94% of the larval habitats and showed the highest positivity index. The degree of shade and the type of water of the breeding sites were important factors for the presence of the main malaria vector, A. darlingi. This species was the most affected by pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and nitrate. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that fish farming tanks are major contributors to vector anopheline abundance and malaria transmission. Vector control strategies focused on these habitats are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledayane Mayana Costa Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Arthropoda, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | - Vera Margarete Scarpassa
- Laboratório de Genética de Populações e Evolução de Mosquitos Vetores de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
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Perrin A, Glaizot O, Christe P. Worldwide impacts of landscape anthropization on mosquito abundance and diversity: A meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:6857-6871. [PMID: 36107000 PMCID: PMC9828797 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the emergence and resurgence of vector-borne diseases have been well documented worldwide, especially in tropical regions where protection and defense tools for human populations are still very limited. In this context, the dynamics of pathogens are influenced by landscape anthropization (i.e., urbanization, deforestation, and agricultural development), and one of the mechanisms through which this occurs is a change in the abundance and/or diversity of the vectors. An increasing number of empirical studies have described heterogeneous effects of landscape anthropization on vector communities; therefore, it is difficult to have an overall picture of these effects on a global scale. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify the impacts of landscape anthropization on a global scale on the presence/abundance and diversity of mosquitoes, the most important arthropods affecting human health. We obtained 338 effect sizes on 132 mosquito species, compiled from 107 studies in 52 countries that covered almost every part of the world. The results of the meta-analysis showed an overall decline of mosquito presence/abundance and diversity in response to urbanization, deforestation, and agricultural development, except for a few mosquito species that have been able to exploit landscape anthropization well. Our results highlighted that these few favored mosquito species are those of global concern. They, thus, provide a better understanding of the overall effect of landscape anthropization on vector communities and, more importantly, suggest a greater risk of emergence and transmission of vector-borne diseases in human-modified landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Perrin
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Glaizot
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Museum of ZoologyLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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3
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Ferreira MU, Gamboa D, Torres K, Rodriguez-Ferrucci H, Soto-Calle VE, Pardo K, Fontoura PS, Tomko SS, Gazzinelli RT, Conn JE, Castro MC, Llanos-Cuentas A, Vinetz JM. Evidence-Based Malaria Control and Elimination in the Amazon: Input from the International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research Network in Peru and Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:160-167. [PMID: 36228907 PMCID: PMC9662230 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains endemic in 17 countries in the Americas, where 723,000 cases were reported in 2019. The majority (> 90%) of the regional malaria burden is found within the Amazon Basin, which includes nine countries and territories in South America. Locally generated evidence is critical to provide information to public health decision makers upon which the design of efficient and regionally directed malaria control and elimination programs can be built. Plasmodium vivax is the predominant malaria parasite in the Amazon Basin. This parasite species appears to be more resilient to malaria control strategies worldwide. Asymptomatic Plasmodium infections constitute a potentially infectious reservoir that is typically missed by routine microscopy-based surveillance and often remains untreated. The primary Amazonian malaria vector, Nyssorhynchus (formerly Anopheles) darlingi, has changed its behavior to feed and rest predominantly outdoors, reducing the efficiency of core vector control measures such as indoor residual spraying and distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets. We review public health implications of recent field-based research carried out by the Amazonia International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research in Peru and Brazil. We discuss the relative role of traditional and novel tools and strategies for better malaria control and elimination across the Amazon, including improved diagnostic methods, new anti-relapse medicines, and biological larvicides, and emphasize the need to integrate research and public health policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo U. Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Address correspondence to Marcelo U. Ferreira, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil, E-mail: or Dionicia Gamboa, Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru, E-mail:
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Address correspondence to Marcelo U. Ferreira, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil, E-mail: or Dionicia Gamboa, Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru, E-mail:
| | - Katherine Torres
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Veronica E. Soto-Calle
- Dirección de Prevención y Control de Enfermedades Metaxénicas y Zoonosis, Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Karim Pardo
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas and Ejecutiva Adjunta II, Despacho Viceministerial de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Pablo S. Fontoura
- Coordenação-Geral de Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sheena S. Tomko
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jan E. Conn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Marcia C. Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Joseph M. Vinetz
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Torres K, Ferreira MU, Castro MC, Escalante AA, Conn JE, Villasis E, da Silva Araujo M, Almeida G, Rodrigues PT, Corder RM, Fernandes ARJ, Calil PR, Ladeia WA, Garcia-Castillo SS, Gomez J, do Valle Antonelli LR, Gazzinelli RT, Golenbock DT, Llanos-Cuentas A, Gamboa D, Vinetz JM. Malaria Resilience in South America: Epidemiology, Vector Biology, and Immunology Insights from the Amazonian International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research Network in Peru and Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:168-181. [PMID: 36228921 PMCID: PMC9662219 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1990s saw the rapid reemergence of malaria in Amazonia, where it remains an important public health priority in South America. The Amazonian International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) was designed to take a multidisciplinary approach toward identifying novel malaria control and elimination strategies. Based on geographically and epidemiologically distinct sites in the Northeastern Peruvian and Western Brazilian Amazon regions, synergistic projects integrate malaria epidemiology, vector biology, and immunology. The Amazonian ICEMR's overarching goal is to understand how human behavior and other sociodemographic features of human reservoirs of transmission-predominantly asymptomatically parasitemic people-interact with the major Amazonian malaria vector, Nyssorhynchus (formerly Anopheles) darlingi, and with human immune responses to maintain malaria resilience and continued endemicity in a hypoendemic setting. Here, we will review Amazonian ICEMR's achievements on the synergies among malaria epidemiology, Plasmodium-vector interactions, and immune response, and how those provide a roadmap for further research, and, most importantly, point toward how to achieve malaria control and elimination in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Torres
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Marcelo U. Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia C. Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ananias A. Escalante
- Department of Biology and Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan E. Conn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Elizabeth Villasis
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Gregorio Almeida
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscila T. Rodrigues
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Corder
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson R. J. Fernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila R. Calil
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Winni A. Ladeia
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefano S. Garcia-Castillo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Joaquin Gomez
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas T. Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Joseph M. Vinetz
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Address correspondence to Joseph M. Vinetz, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 25 York St., Winchester 403D, PO Box 802022, New Haven, CT 06520. E-mail:
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Meireles ACA, da Silva LR, Simplício MF, de Lima AA, Rios FGF, de Menezes CA, Feitoza LHM, Julião GR. Anopheline diversity in urban and peri-urban malaria foci: comparison between alternative traps and seasonal effects in a city in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 2022; 21:258. [PMID: 36068530 PMCID: PMC9450372 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous vector surveillance and sustainable interventions are mandatory in order to prevent anopheline proliferation (or spread to new areas) and interrupt malaria transmission. Anopheline abundance and richness were evaluated in urban and peri-urban malaria foci at a medium-sized city in the Brazilian Amazon, comparing the protected human landing catch technique (PHLC) and alternative sampling methods over different seasonal periods. Additional information was assessed for female feeding behaviour and faunal composition. METHODS Anophelines were sampled bimonthly in four urban and peri-urban sites in the city of Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil. The average number of captured mosquitoes was compared between an PHLC (gold standard), a tent trap (Gazetrap), and a barrier screen by means of generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), which also included season and environment (peri-urban/urban) as predictors. RESULTS Overall, 2962 Anopheles individuals belonging to 12 species and one complex were caught; Anopheles darlingi represented 86% of the individuals. More mosquitoes were captured in the peri-urban setting, and the urban setting was more diverse. The model estimates that significantly more anophelines were collected by PHLC than by the Screen method, and Gazetrap captured fewer individuals. However, the Screen technique yielded more blood-engorged females. The peak hours of biting activity were from 6 to 7 p.m. in urban areas and from 7 to 8 p.m. in peri-urban areas. CONCLUSIONS Although peri-urban settings presented a greater abundance of anophelines, Shannon and Simpson diversities were higher in urban sites. Each technique proved to be useful, depending on the purpose: PHLC was more effective in capturing the highest anopheline densities, Gazetrap caught the greatest number of species, and the barrier screen technique captured more engorged individuals. There was no seasonal effect on Anopheles assemblage structure; however, a more diverse fauna was caught in the transitional season. Biting activity was more intense from 6 to 8 p.m., with a predominance of An. darlingi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caroline Alves Meireles
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), BR-364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho, RO, 78900-550, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Rosendo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), BR-364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho, RO, 78900-550, Brazil.,Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil.,INCT-EpiAmO - National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Marlon Ferreira Simplício
- Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Alzemar Alves de Lima
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia, CEPEM-RO, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-329, Brazil.,Centro Universitário São Lucas, Porto Velho, RO, 76805-846, Brazil
| | - Flávia Geovana Fontineles Rios
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), BR-364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho, RO, 78900-550, Brazil.,Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Carla Augusta de Menezes
- Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Maciel Feitoza
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), BR-364, Km 9.5, Porto Velho, RO, 78900-550, Brazil.,Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Genimar Rebouças Julião
- Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil.,INCT-EpiAmO - National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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