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Cao A, Ueta M, Uchibori M, Murakami M, Kunishima H, Santosh Kumar R, Prommas P, Tomoi H, Gilmour S, Sakamoto H, Hashizume M, Naito W, Yasutaka T, Maruyama-Sakurai K, Miyata H, Nomura S. Trust in governments, public health institutions, and other information sources as determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake behavior in Japan. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00520-6. [PMID: 38714450 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trust in governments and public institutions as a determinant of public health outcomes has gained increased attention since the COVID-19 pandemic. Provided historically low confidence in vaccines in Japan, investigating the role of trust in information sources and actual COVID-19 vaccination uptake behavior will be invaluable for future vaccine promotion policymaking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate the determinants of COVID-19 vaccination uptake and evaluate the relationship between trust in different information sources and COVID-19 vaccination behavior in Japan. METHODS For this study, we leveraged a longitudinal series of web-based surveys of 19,174 individuals in Japan conducted between 2021 and 2022 which asked questions regarding a wide range of sociodemographic and psychographic characteristics related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Determinant analysis for vaccination (at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine) was conducted via multiple logistic regression, and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. RESULTS After adjustment for sociodemographic determinants of vaccine uptake, aggregate trust in the systems and institutions of vaccine approval (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.30-1.56), and trust in information about the COVID-19 pandemic coming from government sources (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12-1.44) were found to be consistently powerful predictors of COVID-19 vaccination. Trust in media sources including traditional media (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.36), and the internet (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66-0.89) had significant and opposing effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the broader hypothesis that trust in governments and public health institutions remains a powerful determinant for COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Japan. We also found that vaccination decision-making is a multifactorial process that includes the synthesis of trust in public institutions and media, and its interaction with psychosocial determinants such as prosociality and health literacy. We hope to apply this study's findings towards future vaccine programs for contagious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alton Cao
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Ueta
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manae Uchibori
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Murakami
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunishima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rauniyar Santosh Kumar
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Prapichaya Prommas
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hana Tomoi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Sakamoto
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Naito
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yasutaka
- Research Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiko Maruyama-Sakurai
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyata
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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Travaglino GA, Burgmer P, Mirisola A. Alternative Systems: The Interplay Between Criminal Groups' Influence and Political Trust on Civic Honesty in the Global Context. Soc Psychol Personal Sci 2024; 15:439-449. [PMID: 38572171 PMCID: PMC10984803 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231176615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Individuals' endorsement of standards of civic honesty is necessary for democracies to flourish. A critical driver of civic honesty is the relationship of trust between individuals and institutions. Research has yet to systematically assess the contextual factors that may moderate this relationship. In this study, we examined the societal influence of organized criminal groups. Criminal groups operate as alternative systems of authority that erode the reliability of institutions' moral standards. We employed a new indicator that quantifies their societal influence to test the hypothesis that the association between individuals' political trust and civic honesty would weaken in countries more strongly affected by criminal groups. Multilevel evidence across 83 representative national samples (N = 128,839) supported this hypothesis. Moreover, the association between political trust and civic honesty was negative in contexts where criminal groups' influence was more extreme. We discuss the implications of the findings and future research directions.
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Lamot M, Kirbiš A. Multilevel analysis of COVID-19 vaccination intention: the moderating role of economic and cultural country characteristics. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:380-386. [PMID: 38569192 PMCID: PMC10990524 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictors of COVID-19 (coronavirus) vaccination have been extensively researched; however, the contextual factors contributing to understanding vaccination intention remain largely unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of economic development (Gross domestic product - GDP per capita), economic inequality (Gini index), the perceived corruption index and Hofstede's measurements of cultural values-index of individualism/collectivism and power distance index-in the relationship between determinants of satisfaction with the healthcare system, trust in political institutions, conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 vaccination intention. METHODS A multilevel modelling approach was employed on a sample of approximately 51 000 individuals nested within 26 countries. Data were drawn from the European Social Survey Round 10. The model examined the effect of individual- and country-level predictors and their interaction on vaccination intention. RESULTS Satisfaction with the healthcare system had a stronger positive effect on intention to get vaccinated in countries with lower perceived corruption and more individualistic countries. Trust in political institutions had a stronger positive effect on vaccination intention in countries with higher economic development and lower perceived corruption, while a negative effect of conspiracy beliefs on vaccination intention was stronger in countries with lower economic development, higher perceived corruption and a more collectivistic cultural orientation. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors when addressing vaccination intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lamot
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Kirbiš
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Noguchi N, Yokoi R, Masu T, Watanabe M, Itoh S, Yumoto S. Association of COVID-19 information media, providers, and content with vaccine uptake among Tokyo residents. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100411. [PMID: 38161990 PMCID: PMC10755116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
To elucidate appropriate ways to induce behavior that prevents the spread of infection, we examined the association between COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19-related information after more than 85% of the population had been vaccinated. Nonprobability quota sampling was used to recruit 2000 Tokyo residents as participants. The association between previous vaccine uptake and how much people thought they were affected by each of nine media, seven providers, and four content types of information was assessed using an online survey form. Subjective influence was assessed, and order logistic regression analyses were performed. We further calculated standardized partial regression coefficients for the independent variables. The results showed that while people did not think they were strongly affected by any COVID-19 information, significant positive associations between 9 of 20 variables, and significant negative associations between 7 of 20 variables were observed with vaccine uptake. The regression analysis involving the interaction terms between independent variables and sex showed a significant association between vaccine uptake and only daily conversation. Simple slope analysis showed a stronger positive association for females than for males. Regression analysis with interaction terms between each independent variable and age showed a significant association between vaccine uptake and print newspapers, social networking services, prefectural governors, family/relatives, accessibility, side effects, and supply visibility. Simple slope analysis also showed that the positive association between the subjective influence of newspapers and vaccine uptake was observed only for older people (≥69 years), and that of prefectural governors was more significant for older than younger people (≤32 years). In contrast, the trustworthy information provided by family/relatives was positively associated with vaccine uptake only for younger people. These results suggest that careful consideration must be given to the differences in age and sex to provide appropriate information that motivates Tokyo residents to receive vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Noguchi
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yokoi
- Faculty of Comprehension Psychology, Kyoto Tachibana University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
| | - Taichi Masu
- Harris Science Research Institute, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Masataka Watanabe
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Sayoko Itoh
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Sayumi Yumoto
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
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Plohl N, Musil B. Trust in science moderates the effects of high/low threat communication on psychological reactance to COVID-19-related public health messages. J Commun Healthc 2023; 16:401-411. [PMID: 38038055 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2023.2279395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, communicating evidence-based health recommendations represents a tremendous challenge; among some recipients, public health messages can cause anger and negative cognitions, also known as psychological reactance, and consequently lead to negative attitudes and low intentions to perform the promoted behavior. The present study investigated the role of message characteristics (i.e. high vs. low freedom-threat messages), individuals' trust in science (i.e. high vs. low trust in science), and their interaction in determining responses to public health messages. METHODS We conducted an experimental study, in which participants (N = 228) with high or low trust in science were exposed to high or low freedom-threat messages promoting mask-wearing to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and regular physical activity. RESULTS We found support for the notion that messages imposing high threat to freedom lead to higher state psychological reactance, and more negative attitudes and behavioral intentions. Moreover, our results showed that trust in science has a main and interaction effect (together with message characteristics) on state reactance, behavioral intentions, and - to a lesser degree - attitudes, in the case of COVID-19, but not physical activity messages. The findings remained the same regardless of controlling for other relevant variables. CONCLUSIONS While our study has some limitations, such as a rather homogeneous sample, a limited number of experimental stimuli, and a relatively artificial experimental environment, it offers some insight into the important role of health communication recipients' trust in science and provides advice on how to communicate health recommendations to skeptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Plohl
- Department of Psychology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Musil
- Department of Psychology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Frackowiak M, Russell PS, Rusconi P, Fasoli F, Cohen-Chen S. Political orientation, trust and discriminatory beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal evidence from the United Kingdom. Br J Soc Psychol 2023; 62:1897-1924. [PMID: 37341348 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world in many ways; for example, evidence from the United Kingdom indicates that higher rates of discriminatory behaviours against immigrants have been recorded during this period. Prior research suggests that political orientation and trust are instrumental in discriminatory beliefs against immigrants. A longitudinal study (six waves and a follow-up) was conducted in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2020-August 2021) using convenience sampling (N = 383). The hypotheses enquired about whether political orientation predicts trust in government, trust in science and discriminatory beliefs. Multilevel regression and mediation analyses were conducted, using repeated measures nested within individuals. It was found that conservative views are associated with higher discriminatory beliefs, lower trust in science and higher trust in government. Furthermore, trust in science promotes reduction of discrimination, whereas trust in government, increases discriminatory beliefs. However, a nuance revealed by an interaction effect, shows that a positive alignment between political and scientific authorities may be required to reduce prejudice against immigrants. Exploratory multilevel mediation showed that trust is a mediator between political orientation and discriminatory beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Frackowiak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- imec-mict-UGent, Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascale Sophie Russell
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Patrice Rusconi
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Education and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Fasoli
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Nejat P, Heirani-Tabas A, Nazarpour MM. Moral foundations are better predictors of belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories than the Big Five personality traits. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1201695. [PMID: 37691810 PMCID: PMC10484408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1201695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, various conspiracy theories regarding the virus proliferated in the social media. This study focused on the sociodemographic, personality, and moral predictors of these beliefs. More specifically, we asked whether moral values predict belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories over and above sociodemographic variables and the Big Five personality traits. According to Moral Foundations Theory, five cross-cultural moral foundations are more broadly categorized under individualizing (Care & Fairness) and binding (Loyalty, Authority, & Sanctity) foundations. A sixth moral foundation was Liberty which we included along with binding and individualizing foundations. Participants were 227 Iranians (mean age = 31.43, SD = 12.61, 75.3% female) who responded to Moral Foundations Questionnaire and Liberty items, a range of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, and the 10-Item Personality Measure of the Big Five. Among demographic variables, religiosity and socioeconomic status were the strongest determinants of conspiracy beliefs regarding the origin of Coronavirus. Among the Big Five, only extraversion predicted these beliefs in a positive direction. Moral foundations, most notably Authority and Sanctity, showed incremental predictive power over both demographic variables and the Big Five personality traits. Findings are discussed in light of the role of social media in dissemination of conspiracy beliefs regarding the pandemic. They point to the more relevance of moral foundations, particularly binding foundations, than the Big Five in the context of pandemic-related conspiracy beliefs, and add to the literature on the unique contribution of moral foundations to socio-political attitudes across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Nejat
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Graziani AR, Botindari L, Menegatti M, Moscatelli S. Adaptive Coping Strategies at the Time of COVID-19: The Role of Social and General Trust. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6512. [PMID: 37569052 PMCID: PMC10419113 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field shows the crucial role of trust in the functioning of many aspects of social life, especially when dealing with emergencies. We report the results of a study (N = 883) carried out in Italy during the first phase of the COVID-19 crisis to assess whether and how social trust (i.e., trust in those who have the authority and responsibility for making decisions, such as the Italian government, the regional government, the Civil Protection, the European Union, the Catholic Church, and the scientific community) and general trust (i.e., trust in the trustworthiness of other individuals, such as Italians and humankind) are associated with the employment of coping strategies in dealing with the challenges of the pandemic. Overall, the results highlight that trust in different authorities and institutions and trust in other human beings are positively associated with the adoption of adaptive coping strategies such as seeking social support, positive reinterpretation and growth, problem-solving orientation, and transcendent orientation. In contrast, they are negatively related to the adoption of maladaptive coping strategies such as avoidance. These findings point out the benefits of various types of trust in helping individuals deal with crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Graziani
- Department of Communication and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Allegri 9, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lucia Botindari
- SAIS Europe, Johns Hopkins University, Via Andreatta 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Michela Menegatti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Moscatelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (S.M.)
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Politi E, Van Assche J, Lüders A, Sankaran S, Anderson J, Green EG. Does threat trigger prosociality? The relation between basic individual values, threat appraisals, and prosocial helping intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Psychol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37359649 PMCID: PMC10262135 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Prosociality is often considered as quintessential in coping with the threats of health emergencies. As previous research has suggested, prosocial behaviors are shaped by both dispositional factors and situational cues about the helping situation. In the present research, we investigated whether "bonding" types of prosociality, helping directed towards close others within one's social network, and "bridging" types of prosociality, helping directed towards vulnerable people across group boundaries, are predicted by basic individual values and threat appraisals concerning COVID-19. During the pandemic, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the US and India (Ntotal = 954), using the Schwartz value inventory and a multifaceted measure of threat assessment to predict prosocial helping intentions. After controlling for other value and threat facets, self-transcendence values and threat for vulnerable groups uniquely predicted both bonding and bridging types of prosociality. Furthermore, threat for vulnerable groups partially mediated the effect of self-transcendence on prosocial helping intentions: People who endorsed self-transcendent values were particularly concerned by the effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups, and thus willing to engage in prosocial behaviours to help those in need. Our findings support the idea that prosociality is stimulated by empathic concerns towards others in need and underline the importance for future research to consider the broad spectrum of threats appraised by people during health emergencies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04829-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Politi
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 B, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adrian Lüders
- Department of Communication Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sindhuja Sankaran
- Center for Social Cognitive Studies, Jagiellonian University Krakow, Kraków, Poland
- Psychology institute, Sai University, Channai, India
| | - Joel Anderson
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eva G.T. Green
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Okada H, Okuhara T, Goto E, Kiuchi T. Association between trust in COVID-19 information sources and engaging in infection prevention behaviors in Japan: A longitudinal study. Patient Educ Couns 2023; 111:107686. [PMID: 36857804 PMCID: PMC9957338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined changes in people's trust in information sources in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic over the course of 1 year and investigated longitudinal associations between trust in such sources and engaging in infection prevention behaviors. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal survey of Japanese populations under a declared state of emergency at two time points, August 2020 and August 2021. We surveyed sociodemographic data, seven Trust in COVID-19 information sources and six COVID-19 preventive behaviors. RESULTS In all, 784 participants completed the two surveys. Physicians were the most consistently trusted information source over the 1-year period. We identified three preventive behaviors that were positively associated with trust in physicians as an information source (social distancing, wearing masks, and washing hands with soap), four preventive behaviors that were positively associated with trusting infected patients (social distancing, using ventilation, wearing masks, and using hand sanitizer), and one preventative behavior that was negatively associated with trust in government (avoiding closed spaces). CONCLUSION In the ongoing pandemic, information from physicians and patients may encourage people to engage in long-term preventive behaviors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Physicians and patients should be promoted as trusted and behavior influencing sources of information during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Okada
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Okuhara
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eiko Goto
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Au AKY, Ng JCK, Wu WCH, Chen SX. Who do we trust and how do we cope with COVID-19? A mixed-methods sequential exploratory approach to understanding supportive messages across 35 cultures. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 2023; 10:272. [PMID: 37273414 PMCID: PMC10228461 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Based upon a mixed-methods follow-up exploratory model, we examined the link between trust and coping during the early outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the society level. Qualitative data were collected from the supportive messages written by 10,072 community adults across 35 societies. Trust and coping were used as the two pre-defined themes in the conceptual content analysis. Five subthemes emerged from the theme trust, depicting five distinct trusted targets: God, a larger us, country/government, science/healthcare, and the affected. Six subthemes emerged from the theme coping, depicting six distinct coping strategies: interpersonal/social coping, religious/spiritual coping, acceptance, blame, wishful thinking, and strength-based coping. A follow-up quantitative investigation also showed that four society-level factors (viz., individualism, cultural tightness, globalization, and severity of pandemic) had differential effects on people's trusted targets and ways of coping with the pandemic. Our study made both methodological and practical contributions to cross-cultural research on COVID-19 by using a mixed-methods approach in a multinational study and demonstrating the importance of making meaningful virtual connection during a time of physical distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algae K. Y. Au
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Jacky C. K. Ng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Wesley C. H. Wu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong
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Santirocchi A, Spataro P, Alessi F, Rossi-Arnaud C, Cestari V. Trust in science and belief in misinformation mediate the effects of political orientation on vaccine hesitancy and intention to be vaccinated. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 237:103945. [PMID: 37210865 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, anti-vaccination attitudes have been attributed either to far-right voters or to both far-left and far-right voters. The present study investigated the associations of political orientation with vaccine hesitancy and intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19, and the potential mediating roles of trust in science and belief in misinformation. A total of 750 Italian respondents completed an online questionnaire in the period between the second and the third wave of COVID-19 (from 9th March to 9th May 2021). The results showed that political orientation had both direct and indirect associations with vaccine hesitancy and vaccine intention, mediated by trust in science and belief in misinformation. Specifically, right-wing adherents were less trustful of scientists and believed in COVID-19-related misinformation more than left-wing adherents, and these two factors accounted for their higher vaccine hesitancy and reduced willingness to receive an anti-COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings are in line with the predictions of the mindsponge theory and suggest that communicative campaigns aimed at improving the rates of vaccine acceptance in right-wing adherents should be specifically focused on enhancing trust in science and reducing belief in misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Spataro
- Department of Economy, Universitas Mercatorum, 00100 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Alessi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Cestari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Pizza L, Ronfard S, Coley JD, Kelemen D. Why we should care about moral foundations when preparing for the next pandemic: Insights from Canada, the UK and the US. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285549. [PMID: 37172059 PMCID: PMC10180656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Health behaviors that do not effectively prevent disease can negatively impact psychological wellbeing and potentially drain motivations to engage in more effective behavior, potentially creating higher health risk. Despite this, studies linking "moral foundations" (i.e., concerns about harm, fairness, purity, authority, ingroup, and/or liberty) to health behaviors have generally been limited to a narrow range of behaviors, specifically effective ones. We therefore explored the degree to which moral foundations predicted a wider range of not only effective but ineffective (overreactive) preventative behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Study 1, participants from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States reported their engagement in these preventative behaviors and completed a COVID-specific adaptation of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire during the pandemic peak. While differences occurred across countries, authority considerations consistently predicted increased engagement in both effective preventative behaviors but also ineffective overreactions, even when controlling for political ideology. By contrast, purity and liberty considerations reduced intentions to engage in effective behaviors like vaccination but had no effect on ineffective behaviors. Study 2 revealed that the influence of moral foundations on U.S participants' behavior remained stable 5-months later, after the pandemic peak. These findings demonstrate that the impact of moral foundations on preventative behaviors is similar across a range of western democracies, and that recommendations by authorities can have unexpected consequences in terms of promoting ineffective-and potentially damaging-overreactive behaviors. The findings underscore the importance of moral concerns for the design of health interventions that selectively promote effective preventative behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Pizza
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samuel Ronfard
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D. Coley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Marine & Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deborah Kelemen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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14
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Chen L, Chen M. Danger control and fear control during public health emergencies: Considering the roles of fear and hope in the EPPM across different levels of trust. Risk Anal 2023; 43:928-942. [PMID: 35750328 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Public health emergencies pose considerable threats to global health and safety. The control of these emergencies requires the efforts of healthcare professionals and calls for the public to take protective actions. The present study not only puts fear back in the extended parallel process model (EPPM) but also considers another similarly productive emotion: hope. We examined the mechanisms behind the effects of four cognitive perceptions on protective actions (i.e., danger control) and information avoidance (i.e., fear control). A national online survey was conducted with 1676 participants during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China from February 1 to 29, 2020. The results revealed that perceived severity and susceptibility could lead to fear, positively affecting protective actions. On the other hand, perceived response efficacy and self-efficacy induced hope, which was positively associated with protective actions but negatively associated with information avoidance. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind the relationships among cognitions, emotions, and behaviors varied across levels of trust in healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Minyi Chen
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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15
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Handayani PW, Zagatti GA, Kefi H, Bressan S. Impact of Social Media Usage on Users' COVID-19 Protective Behavior: Survey Study in Indonesia. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e46661. [PMID: 37052987 PMCID: PMC10141255 DOI: 10.2196/46661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media have become the source of choice for many users to search for health information on COVID-19 despite possible detrimental consequences. Several studies have analyzed the association between health information-searching behavior and mental health. Some of these studies examined users' intentions in searching health information on social media and the impact of social media use on mental health in Indonesia. OBJECTIVE This study investigates both active and passive participation in social media, shedding light on cofounding effects from these different forms of engagement. In addition, this study analyses the role of trust in social media platforms and its effect on public health outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of social media usage on COVID-19 protective behavior in Indonesia. The most commonly used social media platforms are Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, TikTok, and Twitter. METHODS We used primary data from an online survey. We processed 414 answers to a structured questionnaire to evaluate the relationship between these users' active and passive participation in social media, trust in social media, anxiety, self-efficacy, and protective behavior to COVID-19. We modeled the data using partial least square structural equation modeling. RESULTS This study reveals that social media trust is a crucial antecedent, where trust in social media is positively associated with active contribution and passive consumption of COVID-19 content in social media, users' anxiety, self-efficacy, and protective behavior. This study found that active contribution of content related to COVID-19 on social media is positively correlated with anxiety, while passive participation increases self-efficacy and, in turn, protective behavior. This study also found that active participation is associated with negative health outcomes, while passive participation has the opposite effects. The results of this study can potentially be used for other infectious diseases, for example, dengue fever and diseases that can be transmitted through the air and have handling protocols similar to that of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Public health campaigns can use social media for health promotion. Public health campaigns should post positive messages and distil the received information parsimoniously to avoid unnecessary and possibly counterproductive increased anxiety of the users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Wuri Handayani
- Information Systems Undergraduate Study Program, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Hajer Kefi
- Digital Data Design, Paris School of Business, France, France
| | - Stéphane Bressan
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Jach Ł, Paruzel-Czachura M, Aiken L, Jonason PK. How do the moral foundations attract the needle of a moral compass?: Relative scores as a supplementary method of measuring moral foundations. Personality and Individual Differences 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Wood RM, Juanchich M, Ramirez M, Zhang S. Promoting COVID-19 vaccine confidence through public responses to misinformation: The joint influence of message source and message content. Soc Sci Med 2023; 324:115863. [PMID: 37030097 PMCID: PMC10030442 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective During the pandemic healthcare professionals and political leaders routinely used traditional and new media outlets to publicly respond to COVID-19 myths and inaccuracies. We examine how variations in the sources and messaging strategies of these public statements affect respondents’ beliefs about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods We analyzed the results of an experiment embedded within a multi-wave survey deployed to US and UK respondents in January–February 2022 to examine these effects. We employ a test-retest between-subjects experimental protocol with a control group. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions reflecting discrete pairings of message source (political authorities vs. healthcare professionals) and messaging strategy (debunking misinformation vs. discrediting mis-informants) or a control condition. We use linear regression to compare the effects of exposure to treatment conditions on changes in respondent beliefs about the potential risks associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Results In the UK sample, we observe a statistically significant decrease in beliefs about the risks of COVID-19 vaccines among respondents exposed to debunking messages by healthcare professionals. We observe a similar relationship in the US sample, but the effect was weaker and not significant. Identical messages from political authorities had no effect on respondents’ beliefs about vaccine risks in either sample. Discrediting messages critical of mis-informants likewise had no influence on respondent beliefs, regardless of the actor to which they were attributed. Political ideology moderated the influence of debunking statements by healthcare professionals on respondent vaccine attitudes in the US sample, such that the treatment was more effective among liberals and moderates than among conservatives. Conclusions Brief exposure to public statements refuting anti-vaccine misinformation can help promote vaccine confidence among some populations. The results underscore the joint importance of message source and messaging strategy in determining the effectiveness of responses to misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed M Wood
- Department of Government, University of Essex, United Kingdom.
| | - Marie Juanchich
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Ramirez
- School of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Shenghao Zhang
- Institute for International Relations, Tsinghua University, China
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18
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Power SA, Schaeffer M, Heisig JP, Udsen R, Morton T. Why trust? A mixed-method investigation of the origins and meaning of trust during the COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark. Br J Soc Psychol 2023. [PMID: 36880437 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Trust is highlighted as central to effective disease management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Denmark seemed to embody this understanding. Characterizing the Danish response were high levels of public compliance with government regulations and restrictions coupled with high trust in the government and other members of society. In this article, we first revisit prior claims about the importance of trust in securing compliant citizen behaviour based on a weekly time-use survey that we conducted during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic (2 April-18 May 2020). Analysis of activity episodes, rather than merely self-reported compliance, both reconfirms the importance of institutional trust and nuances prior suggestions of detrimental effects of trust in other citizens. These survey-based results are further augmented through thematic analysis of 21 in-depth interviews with respondents sampled from the survey participants. The qualitative analysis reveals two themes, the first focusing on trust in others in Danish society and the second on the history of trust in Denmark. Both themes are based on narratives layered in cultural, institutional and inter-personal levels and further underline that institutional and social trust are complementary and not countervailing. We conclude by discussing how our analysis suggests pathways towards an increased social contract between governments, institutions and individuals that might be of use during future global emergencies and to the overall functioning of democracies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan P Heisig
- WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Selçuk FÜ, Solak Grassie S. Psychosocial Predictors and Mediators Relating to the Preventive Behaviors of Hospital Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:255-60. [PMID: 36221299 DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to analyze the relation of psychosocial factors to COVID-19 contraction, vaccination, and preventive health behavior in and outside work. METHODS The questionnaire data from hospital-workers in Turkey is analyzed using independent-samples t-test, logistic regression, linear regression, and mediation analyses. We developed a questionnaire on mask-hygiene-distance measures and also used previously developed scales including the Big Five Personality Questionnaire, Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form 3, Schwartz's Basic Human Values Scale, Short Dark Triad. RESULTS The odds of being infected by COVID-19 increases by self-direction. The odds of being vaccinated increases by age and conformity, and decreases by emotional stability. Education predicts certain preventive behaviors at work negatively and outside work positively. Older age, being a woman, having chronic disease, the self-transcendence and conservation values, agreeableness, and conscientiousness predict more preventive behaviors. The self-enhancement and openness to change values, the Dark Triad, and early maladaptive schemas predict more risky behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Designing prohealth policies requires further elaboration on the relation of psychosocial factors to preventive behaviors.
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Moscatelli S, Graziani AR, Botindari L, Ciaffoni S, Menegatti M. Do we need a strong captain to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic? Social identification, conspiracy theory beliefs, and the wish for a strong leader. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1100519. [PMID: 36844345 PMCID: PMC9945967 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In times of great uncertainty and hardship, calls for a strong leader tend to arise. The present study delved into this issue by examining possible sociopsychological antecedents of the wish for a strong leader during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods We examined the role of social identification, belief in conspiracy theories related to COVID-19, and trust in various relevant social actors in a sample of 350 Italian citizens. Results Structural equation modeling analyses showed that identification with Italians was related to a lower wish for a strong leader through the mediation of trust. Identification with Europeans had a direct and negative association with the wish for a strong leader. Finally, greater endorsement of conspiracy beliefs was related to a greater wish for a strong leader, directly and through diminished trust. Discussion These findings suggest that belief in conspiracy theories might drive individuals to depart from democratic principles, whereas relying on meaningful social identities can effectively contrast possible authoritarian turns brought about by a global societal crisis, such as the coronavirus outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moscatelli
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Silvia Moscatelli, ✉
| | - Anna Rita Graziani
- Department of Communication and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ciaffoni
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Menegatti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Bodas M, Wine L, Peleg K. Public conformism with health regulation is crumbling as COVID-19 becomes a chronic threat: Repeated Cross-sectional Studies. Isr J Health Policy Res 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 36737815 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-023-00555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to analyze the long terms trends in public attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and compliance with self-quarantine regulations. METHODS Repeated cross-sectional studies looking into data collected from nationally representative samples (N = 2568) of the adult population in Israel at five points in time representing the five morbidity waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined public trust in Israeli health regulations, levels of public panic, feelings of personal worry, and compliance with health regulations, specifically self-quarantine. RESULTS Public trust in health regulations in January 2022 is at an all-time low (25%) compared to the maximum value of nearly 75% measured in March 2020. While reported worry is steadily reducing, the perception of public panic is increasing. In earlier rounds, public compliance with self-quarantine was reported close to 100%; however, it has dropped to 38% by January 2022 when compensation is not assumed. Regression analysis suggests that trust is a major predictor of compliance with health regulations. CONCLUSIONS The "fifth wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about an all-time low in public trust in health regulations. The Israeli public, normally a highly compliant one, is showing signs of crumbling conformity.
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22
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Čavojová V, Šrol J, Ballová Mikušková E. Scientific reasoning is associated with rejection of unfounded health beliefs and adherence to evidence-based regulations during the Covid-19 pandemic. Curr Psychol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36718393 PMCID: PMC9876755 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Scientific reasoning and trust in science are two facets of science understanding. This paper examines the contribution of science understanding, over and above analytic thinking, to the endorsement of conspiracy and pseudoscientific beliefs about COVID-19 and behavioral intentions to engage in the recommended preventive behavior. We examined the direct and indirect effects of science understanding on normative health behavior in a representative sample of the Slovak population (N = 1024). The results showed more support for the indirect pathway: individuals with a better understanding of science generally had fewer epistemically suspect beliefs and as a consequence tended to behave more in line with the evidence-based guidelines and get vaccinated. Neither scientific reasoning nor trust in science directly predicted non-compliance with preventive measures, but analytic thinking correlated positively with non-compliance with preventive measures. The strongest predictor of epistemically suspect beliefs was trust in science, which also directly predicted the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Therefore, reasoning about which experts or sources to believe (second-order scientific reasoning) has become more important than directly evaluating the original evidence (first-order scientific reasoning). Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04284-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Čavojová
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Šrol
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Ballová Mikušková
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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23
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Mao Y, Kang X, Lai Y, Yu J, Deng X, Zhai Y, Kong F, Ma J, Bonaiuto F. Authentic leadership and employee resilience during the COVID-19: The role of flow, organizational identification, and trust. Curr Psychol 2023; 42:1-16. [PMID: 36713621 PMCID: PMC9869839 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated fundamental mediating mechanisms (i.e., flow experience, organizational identification, and trust), underlining the impact of authentic leadership on employee resilience during the turbulent COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 901 frontline employees working in a construction engineering company in China participated in this study. They were asked to respond to a battery of questionnaires comprising Trust Scale (affective-based, cognitive-based, and competence-based), Flow Proneness Questionnaire (FPQ), Organizational Identification Scale, Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, and Employee Resilience Scale. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that: (1) Authentic leadership positively predicted employee resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic, directly and indirectly. (2) As for the indirect relationship, two parallel mediation effects and one chain mediation were detected: employees' flow at work and organizational identification respectively and dependently mediated the relationship between authentic leadership and employee resilience; trust and organizational identification played as a chain mediation role within authentic leadership-employee resilience association. The study provides empirical evidence for organizations' resilience-building and leadership training programs. Findings also contribute to the literature by facilitating flow intervention, promoting organizational identification and trust to enhance the effect of authentic leadership in promoting positive psychological functioning of employee resilience. Limitations with respect to future research directions were also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Mao
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychology and Behavior Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Kang
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Lai
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Junkai Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyuan Deng
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Zhai
- Southwest Branch, China Railway Construction Group Co., Ltd, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Department of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062 Xian, China
| | - Jianhong Ma
- Department of Psychology and Behavior Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, China
| | - Flavia Bonaiuto
- Facoltà di Economia, Universitas Mercatorum, 00186 Roma, Italy
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Okada H, Okuhara T, Goto E, Kiuchi T. Associations between Vaccination Behavior and Trust in Information Sources Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines under Emergency Approval in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11. [PMID: 36851111 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between COVID-19 vaccination behavior and trust in COVID-19-related information sources during the initial period of COVID-19 vaccination in Japan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2021, 5 months after the start of COVID-19 vaccination for the general public under emergency approval. Participants were recruited using non-probability quota sampling from among Japanese residents who were under a declared state of emergency. Sociodemographic data, vaccination behavior, and levels of trust in eight media sources of information and three interpersonal information sources were assessed using an online survey form. A total of 784 participants completed the survey. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, household income, underlying medical conditions, and living with family were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Regarding COVID-19 vaccine information sources, trust in public health experts as a source of media information and primary care physicians as a source of interpersonal information showed significantly positive associations with COVID-19 vaccination behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.157, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.017-1.31; OR = 1.076; 95% CI 1.006-1.150, respectively). Increasing trust in public health experts and primary care physicians and disseminating vaccine information from these sources will help promote vaccination under emergency approval.
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25
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Zhang W, Wang R, Liu H. Moral expressions, sources, and frames: Examining COVID-19 vaccination posts by facebook public pages. Computers in Human Behavior 2023; 138:107479. [PMID: 36091923 PMCID: PMC9451497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of 3 million English-language posts by Facebook public pages, this study answers the following questions: How did the amount of COVID-19 vaccine-related messages evolve? How did the moral expressions in the messages differ among sources? How did both the sources and the five moral foundations in posts influence the number of likes to posts, after controlling for the public page's features (e.g., age, followers)? Our research findings suggest that moral expression is prevalent in the COVID-19 vaccination posts, surpassing nonmoral content. Media sources, despite the high volume of posts, on average elicited fewer likes than all other sources. Although care and fairness were the two most used moral foundations, they were negatively related to likes. In contrast, the least used two moral values of authority and sanctity were positively related to likes. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical contributions and a recommendation of possible interventions.
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26
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Ehrke F, Grommisch G, Busch EP, Kaczmarek MC. Populist Attitudes Predict Compliance-Related Attitudes and Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Via Trust in Institutions. Social Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. While previous research discussed populism as a phenomenon of declining trust, we investigated the predictive value of populist attitudes for citizens’ trust, attitudes, and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we tested the role of trust in several institutions simultaneously. As preregistered, the cross-sectional ( N = 1,090) and longitudinal ( n = 216) data collected (April to June, 2020) in Germany ( n = 617) and Poland ( n = 473) showed that stronger populist attitudes predicted higher trust in (a) alternative news media but less trust in (b) mainstream news media, (c) political institutions, and (d) scientific institutions. Moreover, we found negative effects of populist attitudes on acceptance and compliance, mediated via trust in political and scientific institutions (but not news media).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ehrke
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Germany
| | - Gloria Grommisch
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Germany
| | - Emma Penelope Busch
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Germany
| | - Magdalena C. Kaczmarek
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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27
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Radrizzani S, Fonseca C, Woollard A, Pettitt J, Hurst LD. Both trust in, and polarization of trust in, relevant sciences have increased through the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278169. [PMID: 36952552 PMCID: PMC10035814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While attempts to promote acceptance of well-evidenced science have historically focused on increasing scientific knowledge, it is now thought that for acceptance of science, trust in, rather than simply knowledge of, science is foundational. Here we employ the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment on trust modulation as it has enabled unprecedented exposure of science. We ask whether trust in science has on the average altered, whether trust has changed the same way for all and, if people have responded differently, what predicts these differences? We 1) categorize the nature of self-reported change in trust in "scientists" in a random sample of over 2000 UK adults after the introduction of the first COVID vaccines, 2) ask whether any reported change is likely to be real through consideration of both a negative control and through experiment, and 3) address what predicts change in trust considering sex, educational attainment, religiosity, political attitude, age and pre-pandemic reported trust. We find that many more (33%) report increased trust towards "scientists" than report decreased trust (7%), effects of this magnitude not being seen in negative controls. Only age and prior degree of trust predict change in trust, the older population increasing trust more. The prior degree of trust effect is such that those who say they did not trust science prior to the pandemic are more likely to report becoming less trusting, indicative of both trust polarization and a backfire effect. Since change in trust is predictive of willingness to have a COVID-19 vaccine, it is likely that these changes have public health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Radrizzani
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alison Woollard
- Biochemistry Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Pettitt
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence D Hurst
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
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Peng C, Liang Y, Yuan G, Xie M, Mao Y, Harmat L, Bonaiuto F. How servant leadership predicts employee resilience in public organizations: a social identity perspective. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 36573181 PMCID: PMC9773698 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Through the lens of social identity theory, this work aims to investigate the impact of servant leadership on employee resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore their underlying mechanisms through two types of social identity: organizational identification and professional identity. To test our hypotheses, an online survey was conducted via a large number of 703 employees working in public organizations in southwest China. Results yielded from the structural equation modeling analysis via AMOS (24.0) indicated that the effect of servant leadership on employee resilience was fully mediated by organizational identification and professional identity, respectively. Besides, the association between servant leadership and employee resilience was sequentially mediated from organizational identification to professional identity, and from professional identity to organizational identification. This study provides the first evidence of the predictive effect of servant leadership on employee resilience through organizational identification and professional identity, highlighting the significance of social identity for building and maintaining employees' resilience in coping with challenges posed by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Peng
- School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
| | - Guoping Yuan
- School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
| | - Mei Xie
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, 00185 Italy
| | - Yanhui Mao
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang Univeisity, Hangzhou, 310028 China
| | - László Harmat
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, 35195 Växjö, Sweden
| | - Flavia Bonaiuto
- Faculty of Economics, Universitas Mercatorum, Piazza Mattei 10, 00186 Roma, Italy
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Okada I, Yanagi I, Kubo Y, Kikuchi H. Descriptive, injunctive, or the synergy of both? Experimenting normative information on behavioral changes under the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1015742. [PMID: 36643703 PMCID: PMC9838221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The effectiveness of citizens' behavioral changes to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, such as avoiding large social events, relies on science communication from policymakers and collective action among peer citizens. Extant studies recognize the potential effects of information stimuli on citizens' behavioral changes, including what epidemiological experts request (injunctive information) and what surrounding people behave (descriptive information). Yet, they have insufficiently assessed the co-occurrence and possible interaction of multiple information stimuli. Methods 1,819 Japanese citizens aged 18 or over were recruited for an experimental survey during March 1-3, 2021 and asked their views on a hypothetical wedding attendance in Japan while being exposed to randomly assigned normative information stimuli. Their willingness to attend a wedding asked before and after the intervention was measured. Infection risk perception was also asked as a mediating variable. Results Findings suggest the constant supremacy of descriptive information and no synergistic effects in the interaction of multiple information stimuli. We also report that the effects of injunctive and descriptive information vary according to participants' risk perception, age, and trust in experts. Conclusion Our experimental test enables a systematic assessment of multiple normative information and confirms the primacy of descriptive information as the main driver of behavioral change. Communication by medical experts has limitations but is still effective in specific categories of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Okada
- Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan,*Correspondence: Isamu Okada,
| | - Itaru Yanagi
- School of Law, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubo
- Department of Urban Studies, School of Policy Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan,Department of Law, Politics, and International Relations, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan,Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan,Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, Hamilton Lugar School of Global and International Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Hirokazu Kikuchi
- Area Studies Center, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization, Chiba, Japan
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30
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Lalot F, Abrams D, Heering MS, Babaian J, Ozkececi H, Peitz L, Davies Hayon K, Broadwood J. Distrustful Complacency and the COVID-19 Vaccine: How Concern and Political Trust Interact to Affect Vaccine Hesitancy. Polit Psychol 2022; 44:POPS12871. [PMID: 36718283 PMCID: PMC9878109 DOI: 10.1111/pops.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is attributable to distrustful complacency-an interactive combination of low concern and low trust. Across two studies, 9,695 respondents from different parts of Britain reported their level of concern about COVID-19, trust in the UK government, and intention to accept or refuse the vaccine. Multilevel regression analysis, controlling for geographic area and relevant demographics, confirmed the predicted interactive effect of concern and trust. Across studies, respondents with both low trust and low concern were 10%-22% more vaccine hesitant than respondents with either high trust or high concern, and 26%-29% more hesitant than respondents with both high trust and high concern. Results hold equally among White, Black, and Muslim respondents, consistent with the view that regardless of mean-level differences, a common process underlies vaccine hesitancy, underlining the importance of tackling distrustful complacency both generally and specifically among unvaccinated individuals and populations.
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31
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McLamore Q, Syropoulos S, Leidner B, Hirschberger G, van Bezouw MJ, Rovenpor D, Paladino MP, Baumert A, Bilewicz M, Bilgen A, Chatard A, Chekroun P, Chinchilla J, Choi HS, Euh H, Gomez A, Kardos P, Khoo YH, Li M, Légal JB, Loughnan S, Mari S, Tan-Mansukhani R, Muldoon O, Noor M, Petrović N, Selvanathan HP, Uluğ ÖM, Wohl MJ, Yeung WLV, Young K, Zein RA. The distinct associations of ingroup attachment and glorification with responses to the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from a multilevel investigation in 21 countries. Br J Soc Psychol 2022; 62:992-1012. [PMID: 36507575 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While public health crises such as the coronavirus pandemic transcend national borders, practical efforts to combat them are often instantiated at the national level. Thus, national group identities may play key roles in shaping compliance with and support for preventative measures (e.g., hygiene and lockdowns). Using data from 25,159 participants across representative samples from 21 nations, we investigated how different modalities of ingroup identification (attachment and glorification) are linked with reactions to the coronavirus pandemic (compliance and support for lockdown restrictions). We also examined the extent to which the associations of attachment and glorification with responses to the coronavirus pandemic are mediated through trust in information about the coronavirus pandemic from scientific and government sources. Multilevel models suggested that attachment, but not glorification, was associated with increased trust in science and compliance with federal COVID-19 guidelines. However, while both attachment and glorification were associated with trust in government and support for lockdown restrictions, glorification was more strongly associated with trust in government information than attachment. These results suggest that both attachment and glorification can be useful for promoting public health, although glorification's role, while potentially stronger, is restricted to pathways through trust in government information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinnehtukqut McLamore
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Baumert
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.,University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyun Euh
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Angel Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mengyao Li
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Young
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Friehs MT, Kotzur PF, Kraus C, Schemmerling M, Herzig JA, Stanciu A, Dilly S, Hellert L, Hübner D, Rückwardt A, Ulizcay V, Christ O, Brambilla M, De keersmaecker J, Durante F, Gale J, Grigoryev D, Igou ER, Javakhishvili N, Kienmoser D, Nicolas G, Oldmeadow J, Rohmer O, Sætrevik B, Barbedor J, Bastias F, Bjørkheim SB, Bolatov A, Duran N, Findor A, Götz F, Graf S, Hakobjanyan A, Halkias G, Hancheva C, Hřebíčková M, Hruška M, Husnu S, Kadirov K, Khachatryan N, Macedo FG, Makashvili A, Martínez-Muñoz M, Mercadante E, Mesesan Schmitz L, Michael A, Mullabaeva N, Neto F, Neto J, Ozturk M, Paschenko S, Pietraszkiewicz A, Psaltis C, Qiu Y, Rupar M, Samekin A, Schmid K, Sczesny S, Sun Y, Svedholm-Häkkinen AM, Szymkow A, Teye-Kwadjo E, Torres CV, Vieira L, Yahiiaiev I, Yzerbyt V. Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21277. [PMID: 36481750 PMCID: PMC9732048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions-warmth and competence-plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick F. Kotzur
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Christine Kraus
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | | | - Jessica A. Herzig
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Adrian Stanciu
- grid.425053.50000 0001 1013 1176GESIS Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dilly
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Lisa Hellert
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Doreen Hübner
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Anja Rückwardt
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Veruschka Ulizcay
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Oliver Christ
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Marco Brambilla
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Durante
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Gale
- grid.21006.350000 0001 2179 4063University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Eric R. Igou
- grid.10049.3c0000 0004 1936 9692University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Doris Kienmoser
- grid.31730.360000 0001 1534 0348FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Gandalf Nicolas
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Julian Oldmeadow
- grid.1027.40000 0004 0409 2862Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Odile Rohmer
- grid.11843.3f0000 0001 2157 9291University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bjørn Sætrevik
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julien Barbedor
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XUniversité Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Franco Bastias
- grid.430658.c0000 0001 0695 6183Universidad Católica de Cuyo/National Scientific and Technical Research Council, San Juan, Argentina
| | | | - Aidos Bolatov
- grid.501850.90000 0004 0467 386XAstana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazire Duran
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Andrej Findor
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Friedrich Götz
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sylvie Graf
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Hakobjanyan
- grid.21072.360000 0004 0640 687XYerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Georgios Halkias
- grid.4655.20000 0004 0417 0154Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camellia Hancheva
- grid.11355.330000 0001 2192 3275Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martina Hřebíčková
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Matej Hruška
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Shenel Husnu
- grid.461270.60000 0004 0595 6570Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | | | - Narine Khachatryan
- grid.21072.360000 0004 0640 687XYerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Ana Makashvili
- grid.428923.60000 0000 9489 2441Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maylin Martínez-Muñoz
- grid.430658.c0000 0001 0695 6183Universidad Católica de Cuyo/National Scientific and Technical Research Council, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Eric Mercadante
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Michael
- grid.6603.30000000121167908University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nozima Mullabaeva
- grid.23471.330000 0001 0941 3766National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Félix Neto
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Neto
- grid.410919.40000 0001 2152 2367Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal
| | - Merve Ozturk
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Svitlana Paschenko
- grid.34555.320000 0004 0385 8248Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Charis Psaltis
- grid.6603.30000000121167908University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yuting Qiu
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Mirjana Rupar
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia ,grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adil Samekin
- grid.443540.20000 0004 0462 9607M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Katharina Schmid
- grid.6162.30000 0001 2174 6723Esade, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabine Sczesny
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yiwen Sun
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | | | - Aleksandra Szymkow
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Claudio V. Torres
- grid.7632.00000 0001 2238 5157University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luc Vieira
- grid.11843.3f0000 0001 2157 9291University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Illia Yahiiaiev
- grid.34555.320000 0004 0385 8248Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XUniversité Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Abstract
Prevention measures aimed at combating COVID-19 pandemic strongly impact several aspects of social life. In particular, interpersonal perception is affected as a function of whether the persons perceived wear or not face masks. In two experimental studies, we here explored whether people rely on the presence vs. absence of face masks when encoding information in memory about other individuals. In a memory confusion paradigm, participants were initially presented with individuals either wearing a face mask or not, each conveying a series of sentences. Next, participants were probed about the identity of the speaker of each sentence. Results showed that it was more likely to erroneously attribute a sentence to a speaker who also was wearing a face mask (or not) as the original speaker, demonstrating that the cue about wearing or not a face mask was spontaneously used to encode information. Study 2 ruled out an alternative explanation based on perceptual processes, suggesting that face masks represent meaningful social objects. Overall, it emerged that participants spontaneously categorize others as a function of whether they wear a mask or not. Findings also confirmed previous research evidence about the more positive evaluation of mask wearers as compared to non-wearers, and the overall detrimental impact that face masks may have on the correct identification of social targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Castelli
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Matilde Tumino
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Luciana Carraro
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Nicholls N, Yitbarek E. Trust in social media and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviours. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275969. [PMID: 36227887 PMCID: PMC9560499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the relationship between trust in social media and beliefs and preventive behaviours in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 1008 respondents in South Africa to study how trust in social media relative to other information sources predicts perceived risk and adoption of preventive behaviours. Although engagement with and trust in social media do not predict less adoption of preventive behaviours, trusting information from social media more than information from mass media or scientists is associated with less risk perception from COVID-19 and reduces the adoption of preventive behaviours (including vaccines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Nicholls
- Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Eleni Yitbarek
- Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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Walsh MJ, Baker SA, Wade M. Evaluating the elevation of authoritative health content online during the COVID-19 pandemic. OIR 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/oir-12-2021-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeTo respond to the COVID-19 “infodemic” and combat fraud and misinformation about the virus, social media platforms coordinated with government healthcare agencies around the world to elevate authoritative content about the novel coronavirus. These public health authorities included national and global public health organisations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). In this article, the authors evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy by asking two key questions: (1) Did people engage with authoritative health content on social media? (2) Was this content trusted?Design/methodology/approachThe authors explore these issues by drawing on data from a global online questionnaire on “Public Trust in Experts” (n = 429) conducted during the initial phase of the pandemic in May 2020, a crucial period when reliable information was urgently required to influence behaviour and minimise harm.FindingsThe authors found that while the majority of those surveyed noticed authoritative health content online, there remained significant issues in terms of Internet users trusting the information shared by government healthcare agencies and public health authorities online.Originality/valueIn what follows, the authors examine the role of trust in implementing this novel public health strategy and assess the capacity for such policies to reduce individual and social harm.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-12-2021-0655
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Mejia CR, Aveiro-Robalo TR, Garlisi Torales LD, Fernández MF, Bonilla-Rodríguez FE, Estigarribia E, Coronel-Ocampos JM, Caballero-Arzamendia CJ, Torres RR, Conde-Escobar A, Canaviri-Murillo Y, Castro-Pacoricona D, Serna-Alarcón V, Arias-Chávez D. Basic COVID-19 knowledge according to education level and country of residence: Analysis of twelve countries in Latin America. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:978795. [PMID: 36250085 PMCID: PMC9557050 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.978795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Knowing a disease is crucial for being able to fight it, especially in a region in which COVID-19 caused so many deaths, such as Latin America. Objective To determine the association between basic knowledge of COVID-19 and education level according to country of residence in Latin America. Methodology This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Basic level of knowledge was measured through nine close-ended questions (scale validated in Peru). The score obtained was analyzed through performing a crosstab vs. gender, age, education level, and country of residence. Results Of a total of 9,222 respondents, almost all of them knew the common symptoms (99%), modes of transmission (93%), and knew how to recognize which was not a specific symptom (93%). Through the multivariate model, we found that there was no association with gender (p = 0.716) or age (p = 0.059), in comparison with those who had primary or a lower education level. All the other higher education levels had statistically significant scores (all p-values p < 0.001). When comparing knowledge according to countries, and using Peru as reference for comparison, Chile, Paraguay, Mexico, Bolivia, Panama, Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Colombia had a better level of knowledge (all p-values < 0.001); however, only El Salvador had a lower level (p < 0.001). Discussion There was lack of knowledge of some topics, difference according to academic degree and country. As Peru was one of countries that obtained the lowest level of knowledge, it could have influenced the fact that it was the most affected country in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Mejia
- Translational Medicine Research Centre. Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Maria Fernanda Fernández
- Universidad Privada de Tacna, Centro de Investigación de Estudiantes de Medicina (CIESMED), Tacna, Peru
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Renato R. Torres
- Universidad Privada de Tacna, Centro de Investigación de Estudiantes de Medicina (CIESMED), Tacna, Peru
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Aram Conde-Escobar
- Universidad Privada de Tacna, Centro de Investigación de Estudiantes de Medicina (CIESMED), Tacna, Peru
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Yuliana Canaviri-Murillo
- Universidad Privada de Tacna, Centro de Investigación de Estudiantes de Medicina (CIESMED), Tacna, Peru
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Diana Castro-Pacoricona
- Universidad Privada de Tacna, Centro de Investigación de Estudiantes de Medicina (CIESMED), Tacna, Peru
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Victor Serna-Alarcón
- Antenor Orrego Private University, Trujillo, Peru
- Hospital José Cayetano Heredia, Piura, Peru
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Chen R, Fwu B, Yang T, Chen Y, Tran QN. To mask or not to mask: Debunking the myths of mask-wearing during COVID-19 across cultures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270160. [PMID: 36174053 PMCID: PMC9522271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mask-wearing is the simplest yet most effective preventive behavior during COVID-19. However, it has sparked great controversy, particularly in America. Little is known about what psychosocial factors predict people’s decision to mask. This research challenges three myths about mask-wearing. First, does mask-wearing provide a false sense of security? Second, is knowledge of COVID-19 a more robust predictor than political ideology of mask-wearing behavior? Third, does resistance to masks reflect anti-authoritarianism or a lack of trust in government? With nationally representative samples across two cultures (N = 1,121), findings reveal a significant positive correlation between mask-wearing and other preventive behaviors. Moreover, knowledge of COVID-19 and trust in government significantly predicted mask-wearing. Implications of the results are also discussed in the cross-cultural context. Critically, findings could provide practical implications for public education and policymaking by uncovering how to more effectively promote compliance with recommended preventive behaviors during our ongoing struggle with COVID-19.
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Wei C, Li Q, Lian Z, Luo Y, Song S, Chen H. Variation in Public Trust, Perceived Societal Fairness, and Well-Being before and after COVID-19 Onset-Evidence from the China Family Panel Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12365. [PMID: 36231662 PMCID: PMC9566506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on all aspects of people's lives, including their attitudes toward society and psychological well-being. This study aimed to analyze the variation in public trust, perceived societal fairness, and well-being before and after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study used two-wave longitudinal data of 15,487 residents (2018, T1; 2020, T2) derived from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). A repeated measures analysis of variance showed that (a) public trust, perceived societal fairness, and subjective well-being significantly improved and (b) depression significantly increased. Linear regression analysis showed that education and socioeconomic status had a significant predictive effect on public trust, perceived societal fairness, and depression; socioeconomic status had a significant predictive effect on subjective well-being. This study provides evidence and direction for current social governance, namely, policy implementation and pandemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wei
- Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Psychological Development Guidance Center, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ziyi Lian
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Research Bases in Humanities and Social Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
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Apeti AE. Does trust in government improve Covid-19’s crisis management? SN Soc Sci 2022; 2:202. [PMID: 36158179 PMCID: PMC9489261 DOI: 10.1007/s43545-022-00505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Countries have adopted several measures to control the spread of Covid-19. However, substantial differences remain in terms of performance in controlling the virus, potentially due to heterogeneity in citizen engagement with government measures. Although the literature documents the effects of trust in government on compliance with health restrictions related to the health crisis, little is said about the direct effect of trust in government on managing the Covid-19 crisis, defined as the number of cases and deaths. Drawing on this observation, this paper seeks to analyze the effect of pre–crisis ties, particularly trust in government, on crisis management, proxied by the number of Covid-19 cases and deaths per million population. We examine this question based on a sample of 41 countries for which data are available and using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. Results reveal that a high level of trust in government predicts better crisis management in terms of relatively low levels of cases and deaths. These results, which successfully pass a series of robustness tests, may vary according to level of contamination and increase with time. This paper, therefore, suggests that building trust between the public and the authorities, essentially governments and citizens, is essential for crisis management, taking the example of the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ablam Estel Apeti
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, CERDI, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Gkinopoulos T, Truelsen Elbæk C, Mitkidis P. Morality in the echo chamber: The relationship between belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories and public health support and the mediating role of moral identity and morality-as-cooperation across 67 countries. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273172. [PMID: 36070244 PMCID: PMC9451068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Believing in conspiracy theories is a major problem, especially in the face of a pandemic, as these constitute a significant obstacle to public health policies, like the use of masks and vaccination. Indeed, during the COVID-19 pandemic, several ungrounded explanations regarding the origin of the virus or the effects of vaccinations have been rising, leading to vaccination hesitancy or refusal which poses as a threat to public health. Recent studies have shown that in the core of conspiracy theories lies a moral evaluation component; one that triggers a moral reasoning which reinforces the conspiracy itself. To gain a better understanding of how conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 affect public health containment behaviors and policy support via morality-relevant variables, we analysed comprehensive data from the International Collaboration on the Social & Moral Psychology (ICSMP) of COVID-19, consisting of 49.965 participants across 67 countries. We particularly explored the mediating role of two levels of morality: individual and group-based morality. Results show that believing in conspiracy theories reduces adoption of containment health-related behaviors and policy support of public health measures, but moral identity and morality-as-cooperation significantly mediate this relationship. This means that beliefs in conspiracy theories do not simply constitute antecedents of cognitive biases or failures, nor maladaptive behaviors based on personality traits, but are morally infused and should be dealt as such. Based on our findings, we further discuss the psychological, moral, and political implications of endorsement of conspiracy theories in the era of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Gkinopoulos
- Department of Philosophy and Social Studies, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Ma MZ. Heightened religiosity proactively and reactively responds to the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe: Novel insights from the parasite-stress theory of sociality and the behavioral immune system theory. Int J Intercult Relat 2022; 90:38-56. [PMID: 35855693 PMCID: PMC9276875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the parasite-stress theory of sociality and the behavioral immune system theory, heightened religiosity serves an anti-pathogen function by promoting in-group assortative sociality. Thus, highly religious countries/territories could have better control of the COVID-19 (proactively avoids disease-threat), and heightened COVID-19 threat could increase religiosity (reactively responds to disease-threat). As expected, country-level religiosity (religion-related online searches (Allah, Buddhism, Jesus, etc.) and number of total religions/ethnoreligions) negatively and significantly predicted COVID-19 severity (a composite index of COVID-19 susceptibility, reproductive rate, morbidity, and mortality rates) (Study 1a), after accounting for covariates (e.g., socioeconomic factors, ecological factors, collectivism index, cultural tightness-looseness index, COVID-19 policy response, test-to-case ratio). Moreover, multilevel analysis accounting for daily- (e.g., time-trend effect, season) and macro-level (same as in Study 1a) covariates showed that country-level religious searches, compared with the number of total religions/ethnoreligions, were more robust in negatively and significantly predicting daily-level COVID-19 severity during early pandemic stages (Study 1b). At weekly level, perceived coronavirus threat measured with coronavirus-related searches (corona, covid, covid-19, etc.), compared with actual COVID-19 threat measured with epidemiological data, showed larger effects in positively predicting religious searches (Study 2), after accounting for weekly- (e.g., autocorrelation, time-trend effect, season, religious holidays, major-illness-related searches) and macro-level (e.g., Christian-majority country/territory and all country-level variables in Study 1) covariates. Accordingly, heightened religiosity could proactively and reactively respond to the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac Zewei Ma
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Buller D, Walkosz B, Henry K, Woodall WG, Pagoto S, Berteletti J, Kinsey A, Divito J, Baker K, Hillhouse J. Promoting Social Distancing and COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions to Mothers: Randomized Comparison of Information Sources in Social Media Messages. JMIR Infodemiology 2022; 2:e36210. [PMID: 36039372 PMCID: PMC9400429 DOI: 10.2196/36210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Social media disseminated information and spread misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic that affected prevention measures, including social distancing and vaccine acceptance. Objective In this study, we aimed to test the effect of a series of social media posts promoting COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and vaccine intentions and compare effects among 3 common types of information sources: government agency, near-peer parents, and news media. Methods A sample of mothers of teen daughters (N=303) recruited from a prior trial were enrolled in a 3 (information source) × 4 (assessment period) randomized factorial trial from January to March 2021 to evaluate the effects of information sources in a social media campaign addressing NPIs (ie, social distancing), COVID-19 vaccinations, media literacy, and mother–daughter communication about COVID-19. Mothers received 1 social media post per day in 3 randomly assigned Facebook private groups, Monday-Friday, covering all 4 topics each week, plus 1 additional post on a positive nonpandemic topic to promote engagement. Posts in the 3 groups had the same messages but differed by links to information from government agencies, near-peer parents, or news media in the post. Mothers reported on social distancing behavior and COVID-19 vaccine intentions for self and daughter, theoretic mediators, and covariates in baseline and 3-, 6-, and 9-week postrandomization assessments. Views, reactions, and comments related to each post were counted to measure engagement with the messages. Results Nearly all mothers (n=298, 98.3%) remained in the Facebook private groups throughout the 9-week trial period, and follow-up rates were high (n=276, 91.1%, completed the 3-week posttest; n=273, 90.1%, completed the 6-week posttest; n=275, 90.8%, completed the 9-week posttest; and n=244, 80.5%, completed all assessments). In intent-to-treat analyses, social distancing behavior by mothers (b=–0.10, 95% CI –0.12 to –0.08, P<.001) and daughters (b=–0.10, 95% CI –0.18 to –0.03, P<.001) decreased over time but vaccine intentions increased (mothers: b=0.34, 95% CI 0.19-0.49, P<.001; daughters: b=0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.29, P=.01). Decrease in social distancing by daughters was greater in the near-peer source group (b=–0.04, 95% CI –0.07 to 0.00, P=.03) and lesser in the government agency group (b=0.05, 95% CI 0.02-0.09, P=.003). The higher perceived credibility of the assigned information source increased social distancing (mothers: b=0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.49, P<.01; daughters: b=0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.51, P<.01) and vaccine intentions (mothers: b=4.18, 95% CI 1.83-6.53, P<.001; daughters: b=3.36, 95% CI 1.67-5.04, P<.001). Mothers’ intentions to vaccinate self may have increased when they considered the near-peer source to be not credible (b=–0.50, 95% CI –0.99 to –0.01, P=.05). Conclusions Decreasing case counts, relaxation of government restrictions, and vaccine distribution during the study may explain the decreased social distancing and increased vaccine intentions. When promoting COVID-19 prevention, campaign planners may be more effective when selecting information sources that audiences consider credible, as no source was more credible in general. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02835807; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02835807
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kimberly Henry
- Department of Psychology Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO United States
| | | | - Sherry Pagoto
- Department of Allied Health Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs, CT United States
| | | | | | - Joseph Divito
- Department of Allied Health Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs, CT United States
| | - Katie Baker
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health East Tennessee State University Johnson City, TN United States
| | - Joel Hillhouse
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health East Tennessee State University Johnson City, TN United States
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Omidvar Tehrani S, Perkins DD. Community Health Resources, Globalization, Trust in Science, and Voting as Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccination Rates: A Global Study with Implications for Vaccine Adherence. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1343. [PMID: 36016231 PMCID: PMC9416245 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic requires, not only an adequate supply of, but public adherence to safe and effective vaccinations. This study analyzes the human and economic resources and political and public attitudinal factors that influence widely varying country-level coronavirus vaccination rates. Using data on up to 95 countries, we found that countries’ strength of community health training and research (CHTR), education index, globalization, and vaccine supply are associated with a greater COVID-19 vaccination rate. In a separate analysis, certain political factors, and public attitudes (perceived government effectiveness, government fiscal decentralization, trust in science, and parliamentary voter turnout) predicted vaccination rates. Perceived corruption and actual freedoms (political rights and civil liberties) related to vaccination rates in prior studies were not significantly predictive when controlling for the above factors. The results confirm our prior findings on the importance of CHTR resources for increasing COVID-19 vaccination rates. They also suggest that to motivate vaccine adherence countries need, not only an adequate vaccine supply (which depends on a country having either its own resources or effective global political, social, and economic connections) and community health workforce training and research, but also a population that trusts in science, and is actively engaged in the political process.
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Torrente F, Low D, Yoris A. Risk perception, but also political orientation, modulate behavioral response to COVID-19: A randomized survey experiment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:900684. [PMID: 36059740 PMCID: PMC9428706 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.900684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior work has shown that accurately perceiving the risk for COVID-19 is associated with higher adherence to protective health behaviors, like face mask use, and more acceptance of governmental restrictive measures such as partial or complete banning of indoor activities and social gatherings. In this study we explored these associations at the beginning of the second wave of COVID-19 in Argentina through a national representative probabilistic survey that evaluated personal and contextual risk perception, self-reported compliance with protective health behaviors, attitude to governmental restrictive measures, and political orientation and psychological distress as potential modulators. Also, going beyond measures of association, here we sought to test whether messages highlighting potential risks increased acceptance of restrictive measures. Three types of messages were randomized to the participants. Two messages conveyed risk-related content (either through emotional arousal or cognitive appraisal) and the third a prosocial, altruistic content. Between March 29th and 30th, 2021, 2,894 participants were recruited (57.57% female). 74.64% of those surveyed evaluated the current health situation as “quite serious” or “very serious” and 62.03% estimated that the situation will be “worse” or “much worse” in the following 3 months. The perception of personal risk and the level of adherence to protective behaviors gradually increased with age. Through a regression model, age, perceived personal risk, and contextual risk appraisal were the variables most significantly associated with protective behaviors. In the case of the acceptance of restrictive measures, political orientation was the most associated variable. We then found messages aimed at increasing risk perception (both emotionally or cognitively focused) had a significantly greater effect on increasing the acceptance of restrictive measures than the prosocial message, mainly for government supporters but also for non-supporters. However, the level of response was also modulated by the political orientation of the participants. We propose a mechanism of “ideological anchoring” to explain that participants were responsive to risk modulation, but within the limits established by their pre-existent political views. We conclude that messages highlighting risk can help reinforce the acceptance of restrictive measures even in the presence of polarized views, but must be calibrated by age and political orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torrente
- Institute of Neuroscience and Public Policy, INECO Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neurosciences, CONICET, INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Fernando Torrente,
| | - Daniel Low
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adrian Yoris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Public Policy, INECO Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neurosciences, CONICET, INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Plohl N, Musil B. Understanding, Trusting, and Applying Scientific Insights to Improve Your Health: A Latent Profile Analysis Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19169967. [PMID: 36011597 PMCID: PMC9407699 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Various leading causes of death can be prevented or delayed through informed decision-making and lifestyle changes. Previous work has, to some extent, linked such health-promoting behavior (HPB) with variables capturing individuals' understanding of science, trust in science, and capacity to apply evidence-based information in the health context. However, empirical research on the relationship between scientific knowledge, trust in science, health literacy, and HPB is scarce. Additionally, no study has investigated whether these characteristics interact to form homogeneous, high-risk subgroups of the population. The present online study (N = 705) revealed that trust in science and health literacy were positively related to a wide array of HPBs (e.g., healthy nutrition, physical activity, stress management), while scientific knowledge was only positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention. Furthermore, the results of latent profile analyses yielded four subgroups (i.e., low, moderate, and high levels of all three variables and a varied profile exhibiting very low trust in science, low health literacy, and moderate scientific knowledge). The identified subgroups differ significantly in HPB and variables determining profile membership (e.g., political conservatism). Hence, the present study offers some guidance on which groups may be targeted with public health campaigns and how they may be designed.
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Twardowska-Staszek E, Rostek I, Biel K. Sociodemographic and Psychological Variables and Concerns Related to COVID-19 Vaccination among Polish Citizens. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19159507. [PMID: 35954862 PMCID: PMC9367826 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study performed during the fourth wave of the pandemic was to analyse differences in sociodemographic and psychological variables between those who cite concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination and those who do not, as well as the differences between those whose concerns stem from a negative evaluation of vaccines and those whose concerns are based on a positive evaluation of vaccines. The study included 417 participants aged 18 to 76 years (M = 34, SD = 13.9). Among the respondents, 89% were female. A survey questionnaire on sociodemographic variables and standardized research tools were used: mood (UMACL), emotions (PANAS), satisfaction with life (SWLS), optimism (LOT-R), and coping with stress (CISS). The results of the study indicate that the elderly and working people are concerned about inadequate vaccination of the population, whereas students are concerned about the pressure of compulsory vaccination. People who are concerned about inadequate vaccination of population are more likely to experience concerns about various stressors. Our results do not indicate a relationship between psychological variables and vaccination-related concerns. The results obtained may be the basis for the identification of target groups in order to adapt social campaigns promoting vaccination against COVID-19 in Poland.
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Swart LA, Taliep N, Ismail G, van Niekerk A. The converging influence of social, economic and psychological factors on public responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1451. [PMID: 35907812 PMCID: PMC9338645 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed the influence of social, economic, and psychological factors on South African’s responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the South African government responded quickly to manage the pandemic, the strict lockdown placed a significant burden on the population. Understanding the converging influence of social, economic, and psychological factors on the population’s responsiveness is important for improving people’s cooperation in controlling COVID-19 and for supporting individuals and communities during the ongoing and future pandemics. Methods Using data collected from a national telephonic survey (December 2020 to March 2021), we assessed whether selected social, economic and psychological factors were related to: 1) adoption of COVID-19 behavioural measures (hand hygiene, wearing of face masks, and physical distancing), and 2) adherence to government restrictions on movement. Results South Africans were highly responsive to the pandemic with respondents generally reporting that they very often engaged in the protective behaviours and often to very often adhered to government restriction on movement. However, those from the white population group; with a higher education; living in uncrowded households; who perceived less vulnerability to contracting COVID-19; supported the measures; trusted the scientists; thought the measures by government were implemented fairly and fairly enforced by the police; felt more anxious, sad, hopeless, isolated, angry or had trouble sleeping; inclined to engage in coping behaviour, were more likely to adopt COVID-19 protective behaviours. Furthermore, females, those with a lower education, those less likely to have experienced poverty since the beginning of lockdown; who perceived greater vulnerability to COVID-19, trusted government, and were more supportive of the behavioural measures were more likely to adhere to the restrictions of movement. Conclusions Strengthening the South African population’s responsiveness to the pandemic requires supporting those living in poor socioeconomic circumstances, promoting trust in the scientific evidence, and ensuring that the measures by government are perceived to be fairly implemented and fairly enforced by the police. Due to the impact on livelihoods, restrictions of movement should only be considered if necessary, and this will require trust and confidence in government and strategies to support those experiencing financial hardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Anne Swart
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Masculinity and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Naiema Taliep
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Masculinity and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ghouwa Ismail
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Masculinity and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ashley van Niekerk
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Masculinity and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
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Barattucci M, Pagliaro S, Ballone C, Teresi M, Consoli C, Garofalo A, De Giorgio A, Ramaci T. Trust in Science as a Possible Mediator between Different Antecedents and COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Intention: An Integration of Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071099. [PMID: 35891265 PMCID: PMC9320855 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the literature highlights, many health behavior theories try to explain both social and psychological variables influencing an individual’s health behavior. This study integrates insights relative to the antecedents of getting vaccinated from health behavior theories, particularly including the health belief model (HBM), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and the different socio-demographic factors. Furthermore, we considered the possible mechanism of impact of distrust in science on individuals’ hesitance and resistance to taking up SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in subjects living in Italy. A correlational study of 1095 subjects enrolled when the national vaccination campaign for the third dose was launched. A questionnaire was used to measure: Italian Risk Perception; subjective norm; trust in science, trust in the vaccine; fear of COVID-19; fear of the vaccine; perceived knowledge about SARS-CoV-2; booster vaccination intention. Principal results show that: (i) the positive relationship provided by HBM theory between perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 risk (vulnerability and severity) and intention to have the vaccine, through fear of COVID-19; (ii) the positive relationship between subjective norms and both trust in science and vaccination intention; (iii) that trust in science plays a crucial role in predicting vaccination intention. Finally, the results provided indications about a positive relationship between subjective norms and fear of COVID-19, and a full mediation role of trust in science in the relationships between determinants of both TPA and HBM, fear of COVID-19, and vaccination intention. In conclusion, an individual’s intention (not) to get vaccinated requires the consideration of a plethora of socio-psychological factors. However, overall, trust in science appears to be a key determinant of vaccination intention. Additional strategies promoting healthy behavior are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Barattucci
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Chiara Ballone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Manuel Teresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlo Consoli
- Koinè, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychology and Educational Sciences, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alice Garofalo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.G.); (T.R.)
| | | | - Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.G.); (T.R.)
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Espinoza B, Swarup S, Barrett CL, Marathe M. Heterogeneous adaptive behavioral responses may increase epidemic burden. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11276. [PMID: 35788663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) constitute the front-line responses against epidemics. Yet, the interdependence of control measures and individual microeconomics, beliefs, perceptions and health incentives, is not well understood. Epidemics constitute complex adaptive systems where individual behavioral decisions drive and are driven by, among other things, the risk of infection. To study the impact of heterogeneous behavioral responses on the epidemic burden, we formulate a two risk-groups mathematical model that incorporates individual behavioral decisions driven by risk perceptions. Our results show a trade-off between the efforts to avoid infection by the risk-evader population, and the proportion of risk-taker individuals with relaxed infection risk perceptions. We show that, in a structured population, privately computed optimal behavioral responses may lead to an increase in the final size of the epidemic, when compared to the homogeneous behavior scenario. Moreover, we find that uncertain information on the individuals’ true health state may lead to worse epidemic outcomes, ultimately depending on the population’s risk-group composition. Finally, we find there is a set of specific optimal planning horizons minimizing the final epidemic size, which depend on the population structure.
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Mao Y, Lai Y, Zhai Y, Xie M, Yu J, Wang Q, Lu S, Ma J, Bonaiuto M. Authentic Leadership and Employee Resilience: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:901085. [PMID: 35898984 PMCID: PMC9312127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.901085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Authentic leadership is essential for predicting employee resilience. However, despite fruitful findings, more adapted models of authentic leadership - employee resilience based on empirical findings can serve as a guide to understand the complex mediators and moderators in different industries such as in construction engineering project organizations during the turbulent pandemic. This study, therefore, based on the organizational identification theory and flow theory through the lens of positive organizational psychology, aims to disentangle the authentic leadership-employee resilience association by investigating their underlying mechanism and their boundary condition. To test our hypothetical model, we applied a cross-sectional design with data collected from a large sample of 884 employees from a big enterprise in China. Findings from confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling analysis, and Hayes's conditional process model indicated that: authentic leadership positively predicted employee resilience through the partial mediation effect of organizational identification, and such a mediation model was moderated by the experience of flow. In other words, flow moderated the relationships between authentic leadership, organizational identification, and employee resilience. Findings provide evidence for cultivating leaders' authenticity in promoting their subordinates' resilience; findings also highlight the significance of organizational identification in bridging authentic leadership and employee resilience and the essential role of flow experience in supporting the relationships mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Mao
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Institute of Applied Psychology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Lai
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Zhai
- China Railway Construction Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Xie
- School of Foreign Languages, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junkai Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiutong Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing China
| | - Shaokai Lu
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhong Ma
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marino Bonaiuto
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Social Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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