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Rafey A, Pal K, Bohre A, Modak A, Pant KK. A State-of-the-Art Review on the Technological Advancements for the Sustainable Management of Plastic Waste in Consort with the Generation of Energy and Value-Added Chemicals. Catalysts 2023; 13:420. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic waste poses a serious threat to the environment and it has been increasing at an alarming rate. In 2022, global plastic waste generation was reported to be around 380 million tonnes as compared to 353 million tonnes in 2019. Production of liquid fuel from plastic waste is regarded as a viable method for disposing of the plastic and utilizing its energy. Currently, a wide range of technologies have been explored for turning plastic waste into fuel, including the conventional pyrolysis, incineration, gasification and advanced oxidation. However, a systematic summary and comparative analysis of various technologies has still not reported. Traditional non-biodegradable plastic waste (NPW) treatment methods include landfilling and incineration, but these methods encounter bottlenecks and are unable to adequately address NPW issues. This review attempts to present a thorough summary of treatment methods for plastic waste (both conventional and novel treatment technologies that have recently been reported), examine their mechanism and their current state of development. Furthermore, the superiority and drawbacks of each technology are analysed and the prospects of technology application are proposed. By tackling the problems of white pollution and energy scarcity, this review intends to inspire the use of solid waste as a source of energy.
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Kadac-Czapska K, Knez E, Gierszewska M, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E, Grembecka M. Microplastics Derived from Food Packaging Waste-Their Origin and Health Risks. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:674. [PMID: 36676406 PMCID: PMC9866676 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are commonly used for packaging in the food industry. The most popular thermoplastic materials that have found such applications are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polystyrene (PS). Unfortunately, most plastic packaging is disposable. As a consequence, significant amounts of waste are generated, entering the environment, and undergoing degradation processes. They can occur under the influence of mechanical forces, temperature, light, chemical, and biological factors. These factors can present synergistic or antagonistic effects. As a result of their action, microplastics are formed, which can undergo further fragmentation and decomposition into small-molecule compounds. During the degradation process, various additives used at the plastics' processing stage can also be released. Both microplastics and additives can negatively affect human and animal health. Determination of the negative consequences of microplastics on the environment and health is not possible without knowing the course of degradation processes of packaging waste and their products. In this article, we present the sources of microplastics, the causes and places of their formation, the transport of such particles, the degradation of plastics most often used in the production of packaging for food storage, the factors affecting the said process, and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Kadac-Czapska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Eliza Knez
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gierszewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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Jiao X, Hu Z, Zheng K, Zhu J, Wu Y, Zhang X, Hu J, Yan W, Zhu J, Sun Y, Xie Y. Direct Polyethylene Photoreforming into Exclusive Liquid Fuel over Charge-Asymmetrical Dual Sites under Mild Conditions. Nano Lett 2022; 22:10066-10072. [PMID: 36515999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Direct polyethylene photoreforming to high-energy-density C2 fuels under mild conditions is of great significance and still faces a huge challenge, which is partly attributed to the extreme instability of *CH2CH2 adsorbed on the traditional catalysts with single catalytic sites. Herein, charge-asymmetrical dual sites are designed to boost the adsorption of *CH2CH2 for direct polyethylene photoreforming into C2 fuels under normal temperature and pressure. As a prototype, the synthetic Zr-doped CoFe2O4 quantum dots with charge-asymmetrical dual metal sites realize direct polyethylene photoreforming into acetic acid, with 100% selectivity of liquid fuel and the evolution rate of 1.10 mmol g-1 h-1, outperforming those of most previously reported photocatalysts under similar conditions. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectra, density-functional-theory calculations, and control experiments reveal the charge-asymmetrical Zr-Fe dual sites may act as the predominate catalytic sites, which can simultaneously bond with the *CH2CH2 intermediates for the following stepwise oxidation to form C2 products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Jiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zexun Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Juncheng Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yongfu Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Liu Q, Chen Y, Chen Z, Yang F, Xie Y, Yao W. Current status of microplastics and nanoplastics removal methods: Summary, comparison and prospect. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:157991. [PMID: 35964738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In modern society, plastics also play an indispensable role in people's lives due to their various excellent properties. However, when these plastic products are discarded after being used, after being subjected to external influences, they will continue to be worn, damaged and degraded into micro- and nano-scale plastics, which are microplastics and nanoplastics (M/NPs). Although people's attention has been paid to M/NPs at present, the focus is still mainly on the detection and hazard of M/NPs, and how to remove M/NPs is relatively less popular. This review was written in order to draw the attention of more researchers to remove M/NPs. This review first briefly introduces the research background of M/NPs, and also shows the main analytical methods currently used for qualitative and quantitative M/NPs. Then, most of the current literature on the removal of M/NPs was collected, and they were classified, summarized, and introduced according to the classification of physical, physicochemical, and biological methods. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are summarized, and they are also compared, which can help more researchers choose the appropriate method for research. In addition, the application scenarios of these methods are briefly introduced. Finally, some future research directions are proposed for the current research status of M/NPs removal. It is hoped that this will further promote the development on the method of removing M/NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yulun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Rizwan K, Bilal M. Developments in advanced oxidation processes for removal of microplastics from aqueous matrices. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:86933-86953. [PMID: 36279055 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Continuous incorporation of microplastics (MPs) and their fragmented residues into the ecosystem has sparked significant scientific apprehensions about persistence, a multitude of sources, and toxicity impacts on human health and aquatic entities. Overcoming this multifaceted hazard necessitates the development of novel techniques with robust efficiencies to eliminate microplastics from the environmental compartments. Coagulation, flocculation, and membrane filtration are non-destructive techniques but necessitate extra steps for microplastic degradation, whereas biological means have been confirmed less efficient (less than 15% degradation). Recent reports have emphasized advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as practical treatment alternatives, representing superior catalytic efficacy for microplastic degradation (≈30-95%). Nevertheless, additional investigations should be carried out to evaluate the performance of AOPs in degrading microplastics under real environmental matrices. Moreover, the detection of transformed metabolites, degradation mechanistic insights, and toxicity bioassays are required to substantiate AOP assumption as feasible remediation substitutes. This review focuses on the source, occurrence, discharge, transportation, and associated paramount health risks of microplastics. Advanced oxidation processes-assisted removal of microplastics from the aqueous matrices is thoroughly vetted with up-to-date findings. Factors affecting the degradation of MPs have been discussed in detail. In addition to the generalized mechanistic insights into photocatalytic degradation, the risk assessment of aging intermediates is also comprehended. Finally, the review was concluded by emphasizing current research gaps and incoming research tendencies to provide guidelines for efficiently addressing microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Ponzan, PL-60695, Poland
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Mochane MJ, Motloung MT, Mokhena TC, Mofokeng TG. Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Mini Review. Catalysts 2022; 12:1439. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an approximately 3% of fresh water available globally for utilization, while the rest of the water is not available for usage, leaving billions of people with less water. Less water availability means that the majority of water consists of pollutants either in ground water or drinking water, which in turn may have a negative impact on the environment and people. Various methods such as plasma technology, flocculation, neutralization, and disinfection have been utilized for wastewater treatment. The wastewater treatment methods have been found to be selective in terms of the removal of other pollutants, as a result, the majority of them are unable to remove pollutants such as antibiotics at a trace level. In order to ensure that there is a complete removal of pollutants from water, there is a need for the development of alternative wastewater treatment methods. The use of solar light by photocatalysis is an alternative method for the degradation of toxic pollutants. Different photocatalysts such as zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silver (Ag) have been used in the process of photocatalysis. However, the above photocatalysts were found to have drawbacks such as agglomeration at higher contents and health problems during transportation. To solve the above problem, the nanoparticles were immobilized in various matrices such as polymers and ceramics, with polymers being preferred because of low cost, chemical inertness, and high durability. The current review discusses various methods for the preparation of ZnO and its synergy with other nanoparticles incorporated in various polymer matrices. Because it is known that the preparation method(s) affects the morphology, the morphology and the photocatalytic activity of various ZnO/polymer composites and hybrid systems of ZnO/other nanoparticles/polymer composites are discussed in depth.
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7
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Du H, Wang Q, Chen G, wang J. Photo/electro-catalytic degradation of micro- and nano-plastics by nanomaterials and corresponding degradation mechanism. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Yao Z, Seong HJ, Jang YS. Environmental toxicity and decomposition of polyethylene. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 242:113933. [PMID: 35930840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the more than 100 years since the invention of plastics, various plastic polymers have been developed that exhibit different characteristics and have been widely used in production and life. In 2020 alone, nearly 400 million tons of plastics were produced globally. However, while plastic such as polyethylene brings us convenience, it also threatens environmental sustainability and human health. Due to insufficient recycling efficiency, millions of tons of polyethylene pollutants accumulate in terrestrial or marine environments each year. Polyethylene is elastic, chemically stable, and non-biodegradable, and the traditional disposal methods include landfilling and incineration. These methods are costly, unsustainable, and further increase the burden on the environment. Therefore, recent research has increasingly focused on the biodegradation of polyethylene. In this work, we briefly summarized polyethylene's properties and environmental toxicity. We also reviewed the recent advances in the biodegradation of polyethylene with a summary of traditional abiotic methods. Finally, we proposed a brief research direction in polyethylene study with the aspect of environmental toxicology and industrial applications of decomposition technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Yao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Seong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sin Jang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Lv M, Jiang B, Xing Y, Ya H, Zhang T, Wang X. Recent advances in the breakdown of microplastics: strategies and future prospectives. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:65887-65903. [PMID: 35876989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution is becoming a major environmental issue, and exposure to microplastics has been associated with numerous adverse results to both the ecological system and humans. This work summarized the state-of-the-art developments in the breakdown of microplastics, including natural weathering, catalysts-assisted breakdown and biodegradation. Characterization techniques for microplastic breakdown involve scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. Bioavailability and adsorption capacity of microplastics may change after they are broken down, therefore leading to variety in microplastics toxicity. Further prospectives for should be focused on the determination and toxicity evaluation of microplastics breakdown products, as well as unraveling uncultivable microplastics degraders via cultivation-independent approaches. This work benefits researchers interested in environmental studies, particularly the removal of microplastics from environmental matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Lv
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobo Ya
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Lin Z, Jin T, Zou T, Xu L, Xi B, Xu D, He J, Xiong L, Tang C, Peng J, Zhou Y, Fei J. Current progress on plastic/microplastic degradation: Fact influences and mechanism. Environ Pollut 2022; 304:119159. [PMID: 35304177 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution, particularly non-degradable residual plastic films and microplastics (MPs), is a serious environmental problem that continues to worsen each year. Numerous studies have characterized the degradation of plastic fragments; however, there is known a lack of about the state of current physicochemical biodegradation methods used for plastics treatment and their degradation efficiency. Therefore, this review explores the effects of different physicochemical factors on plastics/MPs degradation, including mechanical comminution, ultraviolet radiation, high temperature, and pH value. Further, this review discusses different mechanisms of physicochemical degradation and summarizes the degradation efficiency of these factors under various conditions. Additionally, the important role of enzymes in the biodegradation mechanism of plastics/MPs is also discussed. Collectively, the topics discussed in this review provide a solid basis for future research on plastics/MPs degradation methods and their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, China
| | - Tuo Jin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tao Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Bin Xi
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Jianwu He
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, China
| | - Lizhi Xiong
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, China
| | - Chongjian Tang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jianwei Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiangchi Fei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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11
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Hanif MA, Ibrahim N, Dahalan FA, Md Ali UF, Hasan M, Jalil AA. Microplastics and nanoplastics: Recent literature studies and patents on their removal from aqueous environment. Sci Total Environ 2022; 810:152115. [PMID: 34896138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) in the environment poses significant hazards towards microorganisms, humans, animals and plants. This paper is focused on recent literature studies and patents discussing the removal process of these plastic pollutants. Microplastics and nanoplastics can be quantified by counting, weighing, absorbance and turbidity and can be further analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and Raman tweezers. Mitigation methods reported are categorized depending on the removal characteristics: (i) Filtration and separation method: Filtration and separation, electrospun nanofiber membrane, constructed wetlands; (ii) Capture and surface attachment method: coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation (CFS), electrocoagulation, adsorption, magnetization, micromachines, superhydrophobic materials and microorganism aggregation; and (iii) Degradation method: photocatalytic degradation, microorganism degradation and thermal degradation; where removal efficiency between 58 and 100% were reported. As these methods are significantly distinctive, the parameters which affect the MP/NP removal performance e.g., pH, type of plastics, presence of interfering chemicals or ions, surface charges etc. are also discussed. 42 granted international patents related to microplastics and nanoplastics removal are also reviewed where the majority of these patents are focused on separation or filtration devices. These devices are efficient for microplastics up to 20 μm but may be ineffective for nanoplastics or fibrous plastics. Several patents were found to focus on methods similar to literature studies e.g., magnetization, CFS, biofilm and microorganism aggregation; with the addition of another method: thermal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adli Hanif
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Naimah Ibrahim
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Farrah Aini Dahalan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Umi Fazara Md Ali
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Masitah Hasan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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12
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Li N, Liu H, Cheng Z, Yan B, Chen G, Wang S. Conversion of plastic waste into fuels: A critical review. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127460. [PMID: 34653868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic wastes have posed serious threats to the environment, including decrease of soil nutrient effectiveness and agricultural production as well as emerge of ecological instability. Fuel conversion from plastic waste is regarded as a promising strategy for its disposal and energy utilization. Plastic wastes can be converted into target fuels by adjusting cracking of chemical bonds. Currently, numerous technologies regarding fuel conversion from plastic wastes have been reported, including conventional pyrolysis, novel heat treatment and advanced oxidation. However, systematic summary and comparative analysis of different technologies are still scarcely reported. In this review, fuel conversion from plastic wastes was summarized comprehensively, highlighting novel heat treatment and advanced oxidation technologies reported in recent years. Furthermore, the superiority and drawbacks of each technology were analyzed, and future prospects of technology application were proposed. With lower reaction temperature and higher-value fuel, novel heat treatment of plastics is more popular than traditional one. Advanced oxidation can be controlled to convert plastics into fuels under room temperature and pressure, guiding the new normal in energy utilization of plastic wastes. This review aims to provide inspiration for energy utilization of solid waste, addressing the issues of white pollution and energy shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hengxin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Lee YJ, Putri LK, Ng BJ, Tan LL, Wu TY, Chai SP. Elucidating the enhanced decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides on oxygen vacancy rich TiO 2−x surfaces using DFT for polyethylene decomposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25735-25739. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03768h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies in TiO2 enhance the polyethylene degradation by accelerating the decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxide decomposition rate limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jieh Lee
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lutfi Kurnianditia Putri
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Junn Ng
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lling-Lling Tan
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ta Yeong Wu
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siang-Piao Chai
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Du H, Xie Y, Wang J. Microplastic degradation methods and corresponding degradation mechanism: Research status and future perspectives. J Hazard Mater 2021; 418:126377. [PMID: 34130168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a global environmental concern because of their severe threat to biota. However, limited studies on the elimination of MPs pollution were reported. The conventional treatment methods were not suitable for MPs owing to their smaller size than plastic items. Hence many methods for MPs treatment have been examined. This review summarized the recently reported MPs degradation methods including AOPs (direct photodegradation, photocatalytic oxidation, and electrochemical oxidation) and biodegradation, corresponding degradation mechanism as well as current development state. The characteristics and limitations of each technique were discussed in detail. We found that all of them achieved almost satisfying degradation performance of MPs, but most of them exhibited that MPs can only be degraded partially into useful products or even CO2 and H2O under lab conditions. Given these, some recommendations for future research directions were proposed based on the knowledge gaps in these reported literatures. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive introduction of several MPs degradation methods and acquaint the readers with the current research status of MPs degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Du
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuqun Xie
- School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
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Cestari SP, J. Martin P, R. Hanna P, P. Kearns M, Mendes LC, Millar B. Use of virgin/recycled polyethylene blends in rotational moulding. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aiming to further plastics recycling via rotational moulding plastics processing, blends of virgin and recycled polyethylene sourced from post-consumer plastics were developed. Three different kinds of recycled high density polyethylene – from bottles, pipes and mixed household waste – were compounded with virgin medium density polyethylene in an extruder. The ideal amount of recyclate was chosen based upon the impact resistance of different contents (25, 50 and 75%) of recycled plastic with the 50/50 blend found to have the best performance. Compression-moulded and rotationally-moulded samples were analysed through falling dart impact test, flexural test, melt flow rate and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The impact results of the compression-moulded samples showed an increase in the impact resistance of the blends with a higher melt flow index and lower degree of crystallinity. The rotationally-moulded specimens displayed much lower impact resistance than the pure virgin plastic and a 20–30% reduction in the flexural moduli, which were ascribed to the crystalline structure of the part and issues in the blends’ rotomoulding process. It was concluded that blending virgin and recycled polyethylene for rotational moulding can be an effective way to further plastics recycling inside the Circular Economy context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibele Piedade Cestari
- School of Natural and Built Environment , Queen’s University of Belfast , University Road , Belfast , BT7 1NN , Northern Ireland , UK
| | - Peter J. Martin
- Polymer Processing Research Centre , Queen’s University of Belfast , University Road , Belfast , BT7 1NN , Northern Ireland , UK
| | - Paul R. Hanna
- Polymer Processing Research Centre , Queen’s University of Belfast , University Road , Belfast , BT7 1NN , Northern Ireland , UK
| | - Mark P. Kearns
- Polymer Processing Research Centre , Queen’s University of Belfast , University Road , Belfast , BT7 1NN , Northern Ireland , UK
| | - Luis Claudio Mendes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Avenida Horácio Macedo, 2030 – Centro de Tecnologia , Bloco J, Cidade Universitária , Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-598 , Brazil
| | - Bronagh Millar
- Polymer Processing Research Centre , Queen’s University of Belfast , University Road , Belfast , BT7 1NN , Northern Ireland , UK
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Jiang R, Lu G, Yan Z, Liu J, Wu D, Wang Y. Microplastic degradation by hydroxy-rich bismuth oxychloride. J Hazard Mater 2021; 405:124247. [PMID: 33087290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, as a class of widely dispersed persistent pollutants, the main reactive oxygen species is far from clarified in their photocatalytic degradation. In this study, a novel hydroxy-rich ultrathin BiOCl (BiOCl-X) was prepared at room temperature. BiOCl-X shows a strong potential for photocatalytic degradation of microplastics, and the mass loss of plastics is 24 times higher than that of the BiOCl nanosheets. More importantly, we explored the photocatalytic mechanism through electron paramagnetic resonance and capture experiments, and found that the surface hydroxyl of BiOCl can effectively enhance the production of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in boosting degradation performance. Here, we provide new insights that photocatalytic degradation of microplastic is dependent on surface hydroxyl groups. This work could be useful for controllable designs of hydroxy-rich photocatalysts for applications in microplastic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runren Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Moustaghfir A, Rivaton A, Mailhot B, Jacquet M. Improved durability of Bisphenol A polycarbonate by bilayer ceramic nano-coatings alumina-zinc oxide. Polímeros 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.05320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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