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Shetty V, Adelman ZN, Slotman MA. Effects of circadian clock disruption on gene expression and biological processes in Aedes aegypti. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:170. [PMID: 38347446 PMCID: PMC10863115 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the impact of disrupting the circadian clock through a Cycle gene knockout (KO) on the transcriptome of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The investigation aims to uncover the resulting alterations in gene expression patterns and physiological processes. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis was conducted on Cyc knockout (AeCyc-/-) and wild-type mosquitoes at four time points in a light-dark cycle. The study identified system-driven genes that exhibit rhythmic expression independently of the core clock machinery. Cyc disruption led to altered expression of essential clock genes, affecting metabolic processes, signaling pathways, stimulus responses and immune responses. Notably, gene ontology enrichment of odorant binding proteins, indicating the clock's role in sensory perception. The absence of Cyc also impacted various regulation of metabolic and cell cycle processes was observed in all time points. CONCLUSIONS The intricate circadian regulation in Ae. aegypti encompasses both core clock-driven and system-driven genes. The KO of Cyc gene instigated extensive gene expression changes, impacting various processes, thereby potentially affecting cellular and metabolic functions, immune responses, and sensory perception. The circadian clock's multifaceted involvement in diverse biological processes, along with its role in the mosquito's daily rhythms, forms a nexus that influences the vector's capacity to transmit diseases. These insights shed light on the circadian clock's role in shaping mosquito biology and behavior, opening new avenues for innovative disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Shetty
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Zach N Adelman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michel A Slotman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College station, TX, 77843, USA
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Ren Q, Nie X, Ma X, Han Z, Li Y, Yang X, Ji L, Su R, Ge J, Huang X. The crosstalk between Toll and AMPK signaling pathways mediates growth inhibition of Eriocheir sinensis under deltamethrin stress. Aquat Toxicol 2024; 267:106832. [PMID: 38215609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (HPND) broke out in 2015 in the Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture region of Xinghua, Jiangsu Province; however, the specific cause of HPND remains unclear. A correlation was found between HPND outbreak and the use of deltamethrin by farmers. In this study, E. sinensis specimens developed the clinical symptoms of HPND after 93 days of deltamethrin stress. The growth of E. sinensis with HPND was inhibited. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of energy homeostasis, and its expression was up-regulated in the intestine of E. sinensis with HPND. Growth inhibitory genes (EsCabut, Es4E-BP, and EsCG6770) were also up-regulated in the intestine of E. sinensis with HPND. The expression levels of EsCabut, Es4E-BP, and EsCG6770 decreased after EsAMPK knockdown. Therefore, AMPK mediated the growth inhibition of E. sinensis with HPND. Further analysis indicated the presence of a crosstalk between the Toll and AMPK signaling pathways in E. sinensis with HPND. Multiple genes in the Toll signaling pathway were upregulated in E. sinensis under 93 days of deltamethrin stress. EsAMPK and its regulated growth inhibition genes were down-regulated after the knockdown of genes in the Toll pathway. In summary, the crosstalk between the Toll and AMPK signaling pathways mediates the growth inhibition of E. sinensis under deltamethrin stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210044, PR China.
| | - Ximei Nie
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Xingkong Ma
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhengxiao Han
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Xintong Yang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Lei Ji
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Rongqian Su
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Jiachun Ge
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China.
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Shpak M, Ghanavi HR, Lange JD, Pool JE, Stensmyr MC. Genomes from historical Drosophila melanogaster specimens illuminate adaptive and demographic changes across more than 200 years of evolution. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002333. [PMID: 37824452 PMCID: PMC10569592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to perform genomic sequencing on long-dead organisms is opening new frontiers in evolutionary research. These opportunities are especially notable in the case of museum collections, from which countless documented specimens may now be suitable for genomic analysis-if data of sufficient quality can be obtained. Here, we report 25 newly sequenced genomes from museum specimens of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, including the oldest extant specimens of this species. By comparing historical samples ranging from the early 1800s to 1933 against modern-day genomes, we document evolution across thousands of generations, including time periods that encompass the species' initial occupation of northern Europe and an era of rapidly increasing human activity. We also find that the Lund, Sweden population underwent local genetic differentiation during the early 1800s to 1933 interval (potentially due to drift in a small population) but then became more similar to other European populations thereafter (potentially due to increased migration). Within each century-scale time period, our temporal sampling allows us to document compelling candidates for recent natural selection. In some cases, we gain insights regarding previously implicated selection candidates, such as ChKov1, for which our inferred timing of selection favors the hypothesis of antiviral resistance over insecticide resistance. Other candidates are novel, such as the circadian-related gene Ahcy, which yields a selection signal that rivals that of the DDT resistance gene Cyp6g1. These insights deepen our understanding of recent evolution in a model system, and highlight the potential of future museomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Shpak
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Jeremy D. Lange
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John E. Pool
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marcus C. Stensmyr
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Scania, Sweden
- Max Planck Center on Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology, Lund, Sweden
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van den Berg L, Kokki K, Wowro SJ, Petricek KM, Deniz O, Stegmann CA, Robciuc M, Teesalu M, Melvin RG, Nieminen AI, Schupp M, Hietakangas V. Sugar-responsive inhibition of Myc-dependent ribosome biogenesis by Clockwork orange. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112739. [PMID: 37405919 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to feed on a sugar-containing diet depends on a gene regulatory network controlled by the intracellular sugar sensor Mondo/ChREBP-Mlx, which remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we present a genome-wide temporal clustering of sugar-responsive gene expression in Drosophila larvae. We identify gene expression programs responding to sugar feeding, including downregulation of ribosome biogenesis genes, known targets of Myc. Clockwork orange (CWO), a component of the circadian clock, is found to be a mediator of this repressive response and to be necessary for survival on a high-sugar diet. CWO expression is directly activated by Mondo-Mlx, and it counteracts Myc through repression of its gene expression and through binding to overlapping genomic regions. CWO mouse ortholog BHLHE41 has a conserved role in repressing ribosome biogenesis genes in primary hepatocytes. Collectively, our data uncover a cross-talk between conserved gene regulatory circuits balancing the activities of anabolic pathways to maintain homeostasis during sugar feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van den Berg
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Kokki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvia J Wowro
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin M Petricek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Onur Deniz
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catrin A Stegmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius Robciuc
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Teesalu
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard G Melvin
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Anni I Nieminen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Nagarajan SR, Livingstone EJ, Monfeuga T, Lewis LC, Ali SHL, Chandran A, Dearlove DJ, Neville MJ, Chen L, Maroteau C, Ruby MA, Hodson L. MLX plays a key role in lipid and glucose metabolism in humans: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Metabolism 2023; 144:155563. [PMID: 37088121 PMCID: PMC10687193 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Enhanced hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) has been proposed as an underlying mechanism for the development of NAFLD and insulin resistance. Max-like protein factor X (MLX) acts as a heterodimer binding partner for glucose sensing transcription factors and inhibition of MLX or downstream targets has been shown to alleviate intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) accumulation in mice. However, its effect on insulin sensitivity remains unclear. As human data is lacking, the aim of the present work was to investigate the role of MLX in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and in healthy participants with and without MLX polymorphisms. METHODS PHH were transfected with non-targeting or MLX siRNA to assess the effect of MLX knockdown on lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin signalling and the hepatocellular transcriptome. A targeted association analysis on imputed genotype data for MLX on healthy individuals was undertaken to assess associations between specific MLX SNPs (rs665268, rs632758 and rs1474040), plasma biochemistry, IHTG content, DNL and gluconeogenesis. RESULTS MLX knockdown in PHH altered lipid metabolism (decreased DNL (p < 0.05), increased fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis (p < 0.05), and reduced lipid accumulation (p < 0.001)). Additionally, MLX knockdown increased glycolysis, lactate secretion and glucose production (p < 0.001) and insulin-stimulated pAKT levels (p < 0.01) as assessed by transcriptomic, steady-state and dynamic measurements. Consistent with the in vitro data, individuals with the rs1474040-A and rs632758-C variants had lower fasting plasma insulin (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and TG (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Although there was no difference in IHTG or gluconeogenesis, individuals with rs632758 SNP had notably lower hepatic DNL (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated using human in vitro and in vivo models that MLX inhibition favored lipid catabolism over anabolism and increased glucose production, despite increased glycolysis and phosphorylation of Akt, suggesting a metabolic mechanism that involves futile cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Thomas Monfeuga
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Lara C Lewis
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - David J Dearlove
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, UK
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Cyrielle Maroteau
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Maxwell A Ruby
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK.
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, UK.
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6
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Bingham MA, Neijman K, Yang CR, Aponte A, Mak A, Kikuchi H, Jung HJ, Poll BG, Raghuram V, Park E, Chou CL, Chen L, Leipziger J, Knepper MA, Dona M. Circadian gene expression in mouse renal proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F301-F314. [PMID: 36727945 PMCID: PMC9988533 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00231.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian variability in kidney function is well recognized but is often ignored as a potential confounding variable in physiological experiments. Here, we have created a data resource consisting of expression levels for mRNA transcripts in microdissected proximal tubule segments from mice as a function of the time of day. Small-sample RNA sequencing was applied to microdissected S1 proximal convoluted tubules and S2 proximal straight tubules. After stringent filtering, the data were analyzed using JTK-Cycle to detect periodicity. The data set is provided as a user-friendly webpage at https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/Circadian-Prox2/. In proximal convoluted tubules, 234 transcripts varied in a circadian manner (4.0% of the total). In proximal straight tubules, 334 transcripts varied in a circadian manner (5.3%). Transcripts previously known to be associated with corticosteroid action and with increased flow were found to be overrepresented among circadian transcripts peaking during the "dark" portion of the day [zeitgeber time (ZT)14-22], corresponding to peak levels of corticosterone and glomerular filtration rate in mice. To ask whether there is a time-of-day dependence of protein abundances in the kidney, we carried out LC-MS/MS-based proteomics in whole mouse kidneys at ZT12 and ZT0. The full data set (n = 6,546 proteins) is available at https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/Circadian-Proteome/. Overall, 293 proteins were differentially expressed between ZT12 and ZT0 (197 proteins greater at ZT12 and 96 proteins greater at ZT0). Among the regulated proteins, only nine proteins were found to be periodic in the RNA-sequencing analysis, suggesting a high level of posttranscriptional regulation of protein abundances.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Circadian variation in gene expression can be an important determinant in the regulation of kidney function. The authors used RNA-sequencing transcriptomics and LC-MS/MS-based proteomics to identify gene products expressed in a periodic manner. The data were used to construct user-friendly web resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Bingham
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Kim Neijman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Angel Aponte
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Angela Mak
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Hyun Jun Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Brian G Poll
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Euijung Park
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Lihe Chen
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Margo Dona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Chen WF, Wang HF, Wang Y, Liu ZG, Xu BH. AmAtg2B-Mediated Lipophagy Regulates Lipolysis of Pupae in Apis mellifera. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2096. [PMID: 36768418 PMCID: PMC9916532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipophagy plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism in mammals. The exact function of autophagy-related protein 2 (Atg2) has been investigated in mammals, but research on the existence and functions of Atg2 in Apis mellifera (AmAtg2) is still limited. Here, autophagy occurred in honeybee pupae, which targeted lipid droplets (LDs) in fat body, namely lipophagy, which was verified by co-localization of LDs with microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 beta (LC3). Moreover, AmAtg2 homolog B (AmAtg2B) was expressed specifically in pupal fat body, which indicated that AmAtg2B might have special function in fat body. Further, AmAtg2B antibody neutralization and AmAtg2B knock-down were undertaken to verify the functions in pupae. Results showed that low expression of AmAtg2B at the protein and transcriptional levels led to lipophagy inhibition, which down-regulated the expression levels of proteins and genes related to lipolysis. Altogether, results in this study systematically revealed that AmAtg2B interfered with lipophagy and then caused abnormal lipolysis in the pupal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bao-Hua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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8
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Kulkarni A, Pandey A, Trainor P, Carlisle S, Yu W, Kukutla P, Xu J. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and Krüppel like factor 10 mediate a transcriptional axis modulating immune homeostasis in mosquitoes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6005. [PMID: 35397616 PMCID: PMC8994780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses require delicate controls to maintain homeostasis while executing effective defense. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor. The Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) is a C2H2 zinc-finger containing transcription factor. The functions of mosquito AhR and KLF10 have not been characterized. Here we show that AhR and KLF10 constitute a transcriptional axis to modulate immune responses in mosquito Anopheles gambiae. The manipulation of AhR activities via agonists or antagonists repressed or enhanced the mosquito antibacterial immunity, respectively. KLF10 was recognized as one of the AhR target genes in the context. Phenotypically, silencing KLF10 reversed the immune suppression caused by the AhR agonist. The transcriptome comparison revealed that silencing AhR and KLF10 plus challenge altered the expression of 2245 genes in the same way. The results suggest that KLF10 is downstream of AhR in a transcriptional network responsible for immunomodulation. This AhR–KLF10 axis regulates a set of genes involved in metabolism and circadian rhythms in the context. The axis was required to suppress the adverse effect caused by the overactivation of the immune pathway IMD via the inhibitor gene Caspar silencing without a bacterial challenge. These results demonstrate that the AhR–KLF10 axis mediates an immunoregulatory transcriptional network as a negative loop to maintain immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Kulkarni
- Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Ashmita Pandey
- Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Patrick Trainor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Samantha Carlisle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Wanqin Yu
- Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Phanidhar Kukutla
- Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Jiannong Xu
- Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
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9
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Havula E, Ghazanfar S, Lamichane N, Francis D, Hasygar K, Liu Y, Alton LA, Johnstone J, Needham EJ, Pulpitel T, Clark T, Niranjan HN, Shang V, Tong V, Jiwnani N, Audia G, Alves AN, Sylow L, Mirth C, Neely GG, Yang J, Hietakangas V, Simpson SJ, Senior AM. Genetic variation of macronutrient tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1637. [PMID: 35347148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are essential nutrients to all animals; however, closely related species, populations, and individuals can display dramatic variation in diet. Here we explore the variation in macronutrient tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster using the Drosophila genetic reference panel, a collection of ~200 strains derived from a single natural population. Our study demonstrates that D. melanogaster, often considered a "dietary generalist", displays marked genetic variation in survival on different diets, notably on high-sugar diet. Our genetic analysis and functional validation identify several regulators of macronutrient tolerance, including CG10960/GLUT8, Pkn and Eip75B. We also demonstrate a role for the JNK pathway in sugar tolerance and de novo lipogenesis. Finally, we report a role for tailless, a conserved orphan nuclear hormone receptor, in regulating sugar metabolism via insulin-like peptide secretion and sugar-responsive CCHamide-2 expression. Our study provides support for the use of nutrigenomics in the development of personalized nutrition.
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10
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Tamayo B, Kercher K, Vosburg C, Massimino C, Jernigan MR, Hasan DL, Harper D, Mathew A, Adkins S, Shippy T, Hosmani PS, Flores-Gonzalez M, Panitz N, Mueller LA, Hunter WB, Benoit JB, Brown SJ, D’Elia T, Saha S. Annotation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and trehaloneogenesis pathways provide insight into carbohydrate metabolism in the Asian citrus psyllid. GigaByte 2022; 2022:gigabyte41. [PMID: 36824510 PMCID: PMC9933520 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus greening disease is caused by the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. No curative treatment or significant prevention mechanism exists for this disease, which causes economic losses from reduced citrus production. A high-quality genome of D. citri is being manually annotated to provide accurate gene models to identify novel control targets and increase understanding of this pest. Here, we annotated 25 D. citri genes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and seven in trehaloneogenesis. Comparative analysis showed that glycolysis genes in D. citri are highly conserved but copy numbers vary. Analysis of expression levels revealed upregulation of several enzymes in the glycolysis pathway in the thorax, consistent with the primary use of glucose by thoracic flight muscles. Manually annotating these core metabolic pathways provides accurate genomic foundation for developing gene-targeting therapeutics to control D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessy Tamayo
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34981, USA
| | - Kyle Kercher
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34981, USA
| | - Chad Vosburg
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34981, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anuja Mathew
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34981, USA
| | - Samuel Adkins
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34981, USA
| | - Teresa Shippy
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wayne B. Hunter
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Susan J. Brown
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Tom D’Elia
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34981, USA
| | - Surya Saha
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthaca, NY 14853, USA,Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, Corresponding author. E-mail:
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11
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Parra-Peralbo E, Talamillo A, Barrio R. Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786129. [PMID: 34993199 PMCID: PMC8724577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in Drosophila and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Talamillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
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12
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Kokki K, Lamichane N, Nieminen AI, Ruhanen H, Morikka J, Robciuc M, Rovenko BM, Havula E, Käkelä R, Hietakangas V. Metabolic gene regulation by Drosophila GATA transcription factor Grain. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009855. [PMID: 34634038 PMCID: PMC8530363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient-dependent gene regulation critically contributes to homeostatic control of animal physiology in changing nutrient landscape. In Drosophila, dietary sugars activate transcription factors (TFs), such as Mondo-Mlx, Sugarbabe and Cabut, which control metabolic gene expression to mediate physiological adaptation to high sugar diet. TFs that correspondingly control sugar responsive metabolic genes under conditions of low dietary sugar remain, however, poorly understood. Here we identify a role for Drosophila GATA TF Grain in metabolic gene regulation under both low and high sugar conditions. De novo motif prediction uncovered a significant over-representation of GATA-like motifs on the promoters of sugar-activated genes in Drosophila larvae, which are regulated by Grain, the fly ortholog of GATA1/2/3 subfamily. grain expression is activated by sugar in Mondo-Mlx-dependent manner and it contributes to sugar-responsive gene expression in the fat body. On the other hand, grain displays strong constitutive expression in the anterior midgut, where it drives lipogenic gene expression also under low sugar conditions. Consistently with these differential tissue-specific roles, Grain deficient larvae display delayed development on high sugar diet, while showing deregulated central carbon and lipid metabolism primarily on low sugar diet. Collectively, our study provides evidence for the role of a metazoan GATA transcription factor in nutrient-responsive metabolic gene regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Kokki
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicole Lamichane
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni I. Nieminen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ruhanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jack Morikka
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marius Robciuc
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bohdana M. Rovenko
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Havula
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Ruberto AA, Gréchez-Cassiau A, Guérin S, Martin L, Revel JS, Mehiri M, Subramaniam M, Delaunay F, Teboul M. KLF10 integrates circadian timing and sugar signaling to coordinate hepatic metabolism. eLife 2021; 10:65574. [PMID: 34402428 PMCID: PMC8410083 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian timing system and metabolism are highly interconnected, and disruption of this coupling is associated with negative health outcomes. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are transcription factors that govern metabolic homeostasis in various organs. Many KLFs show a circadian expression in the liver. Here, we show that the loss of the clock-controlled KLF10 in hepatocytes results in extensive reprogramming of the mouse liver circadian transcriptome, which in turn alters the temporal coordination of pathways associated with energy metabolism. We also show that glucose and fructose induce Klf10, which helps mitigate glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in mice challenged with a sugar beverage. Functional genomics further reveal that KLF10 target genes are primarily involved in central carbon metabolism. Together, these findings show that in the liver KLF10 integrates circadian timing and sugar metabolism-related signaling, and serves as a transcriptional brake that protects against the deleterious effects of increased sugar consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie Guérin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Luc Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Johana S Revel
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Nice, France
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14
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Yoshinari Y, Kosakamoto H, Kamiyama T, Hoshino R, Matsuoka R, Kondo S, Tanimoto H, Nakamura A, Obata F, Niwa R. The sugar-responsive enteroendocrine neuropeptide F regulates lipid metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4818. [PMID: 34376687 PMCID: PMC8355161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteroendocrine cell (EEC)-derived incretins play a pivotal role in regulating the secretion of glucagon and insulins in mammals. Although glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones have been found across animal phyla, incretin-like EEC-derived hormones have not yet been characterised in invertebrates. Here, we show that the midgut-derived hormone, neuropeptide F (NPF), acts as the sugar-responsive, incretin-like hormone in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Secreted NPF is received by NPF receptor in the corpora cardiaca and in insulin-producing cells. NPF-NPFR signalling resulted in the suppression of the glucagon-like hormone production and the enhancement of the insulin-like peptide secretion, eventually promoting lipid anabolism. Similar to the loss of incretin function in mammals, loss of midgut NPF led to significant metabolic dysfunction, accompanied by lipodystrophy, hyperphagia, and hypoglycaemia. These results suggest that enteroendocrine hormones regulate sugar-dependent metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones not only in mammals but also in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yoshinari
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Hoshino
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rena Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shu Kondo
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Chatterjee N, Perrimon N. What fuels the fly: Energy metabolism in Drosophila and its application to the study of obesity and diabetes. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/24/eabg4336. [PMID: 34108216 PMCID: PMC8189582 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The organs and metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, and the process of ATP production from nutrients, are comparable between humans and Drosophila melanogaster This level of conservation, together with the power of Drosophila genetics, makes the fly a very useful model system to study energy homeostasis. Here, we discuss the major organs involved in energy metabolism in Drosophila and how they metabolize different dietary nutrients to generate adenosine triphosphate. Energy metabolism in these organs is controlled by cell-intrinsic, paracrine, and endocrine signals that are similar between Drosophila and mammals. We describe how these signaling pathways are regulated by several physiological and environmental cues to accommodate tissue-, age-, and environment-specific differences in energy demand. Last, we discuss several genetic and diet-induced fly models of obesity and diabetes that can be leveraged to better understand the molecular basis of these metabolic diseases and thereby promote the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Zhang P, Katzaroff AJ, Buttitta LA, Ma Y, Jiang H, Nickerson DW, Øvrebø JI, Edgar BA. The Krüppel-like factor Cabut has cell cycle regulatory properties similar to E2F1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015675118. [PMID: 33558234 PMCID: PMC7896318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015675118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a gain-of-function screen in Drosophila, we identified the Krüppel-like factor Cabut (Cbt) as a positive regulator of cell cycle gene expression and cell proliferation. Enforced cbt expression is sufficient to induce an extra cell division in the differentiating fly wing or eye, and also promotes intestinal stem cell divisions in the adult gut. Although inappropriate cell proliferation also results from forced expression of the E2f1 transcription factor or its target, Cyclin E, Cbt does not increase E2F1 or Cyclin E activity. Instead, Cbt regulates a large set of E2F1 target genes independently of E2F1, and our data suggest that Cbt acts via distinct binding sites in target gene promoters. Although Cbt was not required for cell proliferation during wing or eye development, Cbt is required for normal intestinal stem cell divisions in the midgut, which expresses E2F1 at relatively low levels. The E2F1-like functions of Cbt identify a distinct mechanism for cell cycle regulation that may be important in certain normal cell cycles, or in cells that cycle inappropriately, such as cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Alexia J Katzaroff
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Laura A Buttitta
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Yiqin Ma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Huaqi Jiang
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Derek W Nickerson
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Jan Inge Øvrebø
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
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17
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Signor SA. Evolution of Plasticity in Response to Ethanol between Sister Species with Different Ecological Histories ( Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans). Am Nat 2020; 196:620-633. [PMID: 33064591 DOI: 10.1086/710763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhen populations evolve adaptive reaction norms in response to novel environments, it can occur through a process termed genetic accommodation. Under this model, the initial response to the environment is widely variable between genotypes as a result of cryptic genetic variation, which is then refined by selection to a single adaptive response. Here, I empirically test these predictions from genetic accommodation by measuring reaction norms in individual genotypes and across several time points. I compare two species of Drosophila that differ in their adaptation to ethanol (D. melanogaster and D. simulans). Both species are human commensals with a recent cosmopolitan expansion, but only D. melanogaster is adapted to ethanol exposure. Using gene expression as a phenotype and an approach that combines information about expression and alternative splicing, I find that D. simulans exhibits cryptic genetic variation in the response to ethanol, while D. melanogaster has almost no genotype-specific variation in reaction norm. This is evidence for adaptation to ethanol through genetic accommodation, suggesting that the evolution of phenotypic plasticity could be an important contributor to the ability to exploit novel resources.
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18
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Hood SE, Kofler XV, Chen Q, Scott J, Ortega J, Lehmann M. Nuclear translocation ability of Lipin differentially affects gene expression and survival in fed and fasting Drosophila. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1720-1732. [PMID: 32989002 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipins are eukaryotic proteins with functions in lipid synthesis and the homeostatic control of energy balance. They execute these functions by acting as phosphatidate phosphatase enzymes in the cytoplasm and by changing gene expression after translocation into the cell nucleus, in particular under fasting conditions. Here, we asked whether nuclear translocation and the enzymatic activity of Drosophila Lipin serve essential functions and how gene expression changes, under both fed and fasting conditions, when nuclear translocation is impaired. To address these questions, we created a Lipin null mutant, a mutant expressing Lipin lacking a nuclear localization signal (LipinΔNLS ), and a mutant expressing enzymatically dead Lipin. Our data support the conclusion that the enzymatic but not nuclear gene regulatory activity of Lipin is essential for survival. Notably, adult LipinΔNLS flies were not only viable but also exhibited improved life expectancy. In contrast, they were highly susceptible to starvation. Both the improved life expectancy in the fed state and the decreased survival in the fasting state correlated with changes in metabolic gene expression. Moreover, increased life expectancy of fed flies was associated with a decreased metabolic rate. Interestingly, in addition to metabolic genes, genes involved in feeding behavior and the immune response were misregulated in LipinΔNLS flies. Altogether, our data suggest that the nuclear activity of Lipin influences the genomic response to nutrient availability with effects on life expectancy and starvation resistance. Thus, nutritional or therapeutic approaches that aim at lowering nuclear translocation of lipins in humans may be worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Xeniya V Kofler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Quiyu Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Judah Scott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jason Ortega
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Michael Lehmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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19
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Hsieh AL, Zheng X, Yue Z, Stine ZE, Mancuso A, Rhoades SD, Brooks R, Weljie AM, Eisenman RN, Sehgal A, Dang CV. Misregulation of Drosophila Myc Disrupts Circadian Behavior and Metabolism. Cell Rep 2019; 29:1778-1788.e4. [PMID: 31722196 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Myc (dMyc) is highly conserved and functions as a transcription factor similar to mammalian Myc. We previously found that oncogenic Myc disrupts the molecular clock in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that misregulation of dMyc expression affects Drosophila circadian behavior. dMyc overexpression results in a high percentage of arrhythmic flies, concomitant with increases in the expression of clock genes cyc, tim, cry, and cwo. Conversely, flies with hypomorphic mutations in dMyc exhibit considerable arrhythmia, which can be rescued by loss of dMnt, a suppressor of dMyc activity. Metabolic profiling of fly heads revealed that loss of dMyc and its overexpression alter steady-state metabolite levels and have opposing effects on histidine, the histamine precursor, which is rescued in dMyc mutants by ablation of dMnt and could contribute to effects of dMyc on locomotor behavior. Our results demonstrate a role of dMyc in modulating Drosophila circadian clock, behavior, and metabolism.
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20
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Toprak U, Hegedus D, Doğan C, Güney G. A journey into the world of insect lipid metabolism. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 104:e21682. [PMID: 32335968 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it is critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is the fat body, which is analogous to the vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes and oenocytes are the primary cells related to lipid metabolism. Lipid metabolism starts with the hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption of lipid monomers, followed by lipid transport from midgut to the fat body, lipogenesis or lipolysis in the fat body, and lipid transport from fat body to other sites demanding energy. Lipid metabolism is under the control of hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers and posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, lipogenesis is under the control of insulin-like peptides that activate lipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, whereas lipolysis is coordinated by the adipokinetic hormone that activates lipolytic transcription factors, such as forkhead box class O and cAMP-response element-binding protein. Calcium is the primary-secondary messenger affecting lipid metabolism and has different outcomes depending on the site of lipogenesis or lipolysis. Phosphorylation is central to lipid metabolism and multiple phosphorylases are involved in lipid accumulation or hydrolysis. Although most of the knowledge of insect lipid metabolism comes from the studies on the model Drosophila; other insects, in particular those with obligatory or facultative diapause, also have great potential to study lipid metabolism. The use of these models would significantly improve our knowledge of insect lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Toprak
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dwayne Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cansu Doğan
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Güney
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Wilinski D, Winzeler J, Duren W, Persons JL, Holme KJ, Mosquera J, Khabiri M, Kinchen JM, Freddolino PL, Karnovsky A, Dus M. Rapid metabolic shifts occur during the transition between hunger and satiety in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4052. [PMID: 31492856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites are active controllers of cellular physiology, but their role in complex behaviors is less clear. Here we report metabolic changes that occur during the transition between hunger and satiety in Drosophila melanogaster. To analyze these data in the context of fruit fly metabolic networks, we developed Flyscape, an open-access tool. We show that in response to eating, metabolic profiles change in quick, but distinct ways in the heads and bodies. Consumption of a high sugar diet dulls the metabolic and behavioral differences between the fasted and fed state, and reshapes the way nutrients are utilized upon eating. Specifically, we found that high dietary sugar increases TCA cycle activity, alters neurochemicals, and depletes 1-carbon metabolism and brain health metabolites N-acetyl-aspartate and kynurenine. Together, our work identifies the metabolic transitions that occur during hunger and satiation, and provides a platform to study the role of metabolites and diet in complex behavior. The relationship between metabolomic and behavioral changes is not well understood. Here, the authors analyze metabolome changes in D. melanogaster heads and bodies during hunger and satiety, and develop the Flyscape tool to visualize the resulting metabolic networks and integrate them with other omics data.
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22
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Lugena AB, Zhang Y, Menet JS, Merlin C. Genome-wide discovery of the daily transcriptome, DNA regulatory elements and transcription factor occupancy in the monarch butterfly brain. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008265. [PMID: 31335862 PMCID: PMC6677324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eastern North American monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, is famous for its spectacular seasonal long-distance migration. In recent years, it has also emerged as a novel system to study how animal circadian clocks keep track of time and regulate ecologically relevant daily rhythmic activities and seasonal behavioral outputs. However, unlike in Drosophila and the mouse, little work has been undertaken in the monarch to identify rhythmic genes at the genome-wide level and elucidate the regulation of their diurnal expression. Here, we used RNA-sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC)-sequencing to profile the diurnal transcriptome, open chromatin regions, and transcription factor (TF) footprints in the brain of wild-type monarchs and of monarchs with impaired clock function, including Cryptochrome 2 (Cry2), Clock (Clk), and Cycle-like loss-of-function mutants. We identified 217 rhythmically expressed genes in the monarch brain; many of them were involved in the regulation of biological processes key to brain function, such as glucose metabolism and neurotransmission. Surprisingly, we found no significant time-of-day and genotype-dependent changes in chromatin accessibility in the brain. Instead, we found the existence of a temporal regulation of TF occupancy within open chromatin regions in the vicinity of rhythmic genes in the brains of wild-type monarchs, which is disrupted in clock deficient mutants. Together, this work identifies for the first time the rhythmic genes and modes of regulation by which diurnal transcription rhythms are regulated in the monarch brain. It also illustrates the power of ATAC-sequencing to profile genome-wide regulatory elements and TF binding in a non-model organism for which TF-specific antibodies are not yet available. With a rich biology that includes a clock-regulated migratory behavior and a circadian clock possessing mammalian clock orthologues, the monarch butterfly is an unconventional system with broad appeal to study circadian and seasonal rhythms. While clockwork mechanisms and rhythmic behavioral outputs have been studied in this species, the rhythmic genes that regulate rhythmic daily and seasonal activities remain largely unknown. Likewise, the mechanisms regulating rhythmic gene expression have not been explored in the monarch. Here, we applied genome-wide sequencing approaches to identify genes with rhythmic diurnal expression in the monarch brain, revealing the coordination of key pathways for brain function. We also identified the monarch brain open chromatin regions and provide evidence that regulation of rhythmic gene expression does not occur through temporal regulation of chromatin opening but rather by the time-of-day dependent binding of transcription factors in cis-regulatory elements. Together, our data extend our knowledge of the molecular rhythmic pathways, which may prove important in understanding the mechanisms underlying the daily and seasonal biology of the migratory monarch butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldrin B. Lugena
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jerome S. Menet
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christine Merlin
- Department of Biology and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dong H, Zhai G, Chen C, Bai X, Tian S, Hu D, Fan E, Zhang K. Protein lysine de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylation by CobB in prokaryotes. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw6703. [PMID: 31328167 PMCID: PMC6636992 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw6703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) has recently been shown to be an evolutionarily conserved histone mark. Here, we report that CobB serves as a lysine de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylation enzyme that regulates glycolysis and cell growth in prokaryotes. We identified the specific binding of CobB to Khib using a novel self-assembled multivalent photocrosslinking peptide probe and demonstrated that CobB can catalyze lysine de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylation both in vivo and in vitro. R58 of CobB is a critical site for its de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity. Using a quantitative proteomics approach, we identified 99 endogenous substrates that are targeted by CobB for de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylation. We further demonstrated that CobB can regulate the catalytic activities of enolase (ENO) by removing K343hib and K326ac of ENO simultaneously, which account for changes of bacterial growth. In brief, our study dissects a Khib-mediated molecular mechanism that is catalyzed by CobB for the regulation of the activity of metabolic enzymes as well as the cell growth of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Dong
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guijin Zhai
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Chen
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bai
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Deqing Hu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Enguo Fan
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment (Ministry of Education), Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
The circadian clock is a biological mechanism that dictates an array of rhythmic physiological processes. Virtually all cells contain a functional clock whose disruption results in altered timekeeping and detrimental systemic effects, including cancer. Recent advances have connected genetic disruption of the clock with multiple transcriptional and signaling networks controlling tumor initiation and progression. An additional feature of this circadian control relies on cellular metabolism, both within the tumor microenvironment and the organism systemically. A discussion of major advances related to cancer metabolism and the circadian clock will be outlined, including new efforts related to metabolic flux of transformed cells, metabolic heterogeneity of tumors, and the implications of circadian control of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Verlande
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92867, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92867, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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25
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Agrawal P, Chung P, Heberlein U, Kent C. Enabling cell-type-specific behavioral epigenetics in Drosophila: a modified high-yield INTACT method reveals the impact of social environment on the epigenetic landscape in dopaminergic neurons. BMC Biol 2019; 17:30. [PMID: 30967153 PMCID: PMC6456965 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic mechanisms play fundamental roles in brain function and behavior and stressors such as social isolation can alter animal behavior via epigenetic mechanisms. However, due to cellular heterogeneity, identifying cell-type-specific epigenetic changes in the brain is challenging. Here, we report the first use of a modified isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell type (INTACT) method in behavioral epigenetics of Drosophila melanogaster, a method we call mini-INTACT. RESULTS Using ChIP-seq on mini-INTACT purified dopaminergic nuclei, we identified epigenetic signatures in socially isolated and socially enriched Drosophila males. Social experience altered the epigenetic landscape in clusters of genes involved in transcription and neural function. Some of these alterations could be predicted by expression changes of four transcription factors and the prevalence of their binding sites in several clusters. These transcription factors were previously identified as activity-regulated genes, and their knockdown in dopaminergic neurons reduced the effects of social experience on sleep. CONCLUSIONS Our work enables the use of Drosophila as a model for cell-type-specific behavioral epigenetics and establishes that social environment shifts the epigenetic landscape in dopaminergic neurons. Four activity-related transcription factors are required in dopaminergic neurons for the effects of social environment on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Agrawal
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Phuong Chung
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Ulrike Heberlein
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Clement Kent
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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Signor S, Nuzhdin S. Dynamic changes in gene expression and alternative splicing mediate the response to acute alcohol exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:342-360. [PMID: 30143789 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental changes typically cause rapid gene expression responses in the exposed organisms, including changes in the representation of gene isoforms with different functions or properties. Identifying the genes that respond to environmental change, including in genotype-specific ways, is an important step in treating the undesirable physiological effects of stress, such as exposure to toxins or ethanol. Ethanol is a unique environmental stress in that chronic exposure results in permanent physiological changes and the development of alcohol use disorders. Drosophila is a classic model for deciphering the mechanisms of the response to alcohol exposure, as it meets the criteria for the development of alcohol use disorders, and has similar physiological underpinnings with vertebrates. Because many studies on the response to ethanol have relied on a priori candidate genes, broad surveys of gene expression and splicing are required and have been investigated here. Further, we expose Drosophila to ethanol in an environment that is genetically, socially, and ecologically relevant. Both expression and splicing differences, inasmuch as they can be decomposed, contribute to the response to ethanol in Drosophila melanogaster. However, we find that while D. melanogaster responds to ethanol, there is very little genetic variation in how it responds to ethanol. In addition, the response to alcohol over time is dynamic, suggesting that incorporating time into studies on the response to the environment is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Signor
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Sergey Nuzhdin
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Muñoz-Soriano V, Belacortu Y, Sanz FJ, Solana-Manrique C, Dillon L, Suay-Corredera C, Ruiz-Romero M, Corominas M, Paricio N. Cbt modulates Foxo activation by positively regulating insulin signaling in Drosophila embryos. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2018; 1861:S1874-9399(18)30034-8. [PMID: 30055320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In late Drosophila embryos, the epidermis exhibits a dorsal hole as a consequence of germ band retraction. It is sealed during dorsal closure (DC), a morphogenetic process in which the two lateral epidermal layers converge towards the dorsal midline and fuse. We previously demonstrated the involvement of the Cbt transcription factor in Drosophila DC. However its molecular role in the process remained obscure. In this study, we used genomic approaches to identify genes regulated by Cbt as well as its direct targets during late embryogenesis. Our results reveal a complex transcriptional circuit downstream of Cbt and evidence that it is functionally related with the Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway. In this context, Cbt may act as a positive regulator of the pathway, leading to the repression of Foxo activity. Our results also suggest that the DC defects observed in cbt embryos could be partially due to Foxo overactivation and that a regulatory feedback loop between Foxo and Cbt may be operating in the DC context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Muñoz-Soriano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yaiza Belacortu
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sanz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Cristina Solana-Manrique
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Luke Dillon
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Spain
| | - Carmen Suay-Corredera
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Spain
| | - Marina Ruiz-Romero
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB) de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB) de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Paricio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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28
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Mattila J, Hietakangas V. Regulation of Carbohydrate Energy Metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2017; 207:1231-53. [PMID: 29203701 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.199885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism is essential for cellular energy balance as well as for the biosynthesis of new cellular building blocks. As animal nutrient intake displays temporal fluctuations and each cell type within the animal possesses specific metabolic needs, elaborate regulatory systems are needed to coordinate carbohydrate metabolism in time and space. Carbohydrate metabolism is regulated locally through gene regulatory networks and signaling pathways, which receive inputs from nutrient sensors as well as other pathways, such as developmental signals. Superimposed on cell-intrinsic control, hormonal signaling mediates intertissue information to maintain organismal homeostasis. Misregulation of carbohydrate metabolism is causative for many human diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. Recent work in Drosophila melanogaster has uncovered new regulators of carbohydrate metabolism and introduced novel physiological roles for previously known pathways. Moreover, genetically tractable Drosophila models to study carbohydrate metabolism-related human diseases have provided new insight into the mechanisms of pathogenesis. Due to the high degree of conservation of relevant regulatory pathways, as well as vast possibilities for the analysis of gene-nutrient interactions and tissue-specific gene function, Drosophila is emerging as an important model system for research on carbohydrate metabolism.
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29
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Abstract
Circadian clocks generate daily rhythms in gene expression, cellular functions, physiological processes and behavior. The core clock mechanism consists of transcriptional-translational negative feedback loops that turn over with an endogenous circa 24h period. Classical genetic experiments in the fly Drosophila melanogaster played an essential role in identification of clock genes that turned out to be largely conserved between flies and mammals. Like in mammals, circadian clocks in flies generate transcriptional rhythms in a variety of metabolic pathways related to feeding and detoxification. Given that rhythms pervade metabolism and the loss of metabolic homeostasis is involved in aging and disease, there is increasing interest in understanding how the clocks and the rhythms they control change during aging. The importance of circadian clocks for healthy aging is supported by studies reporting that genetic or environmental clock disruptions are associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan. For example, arrhythmia caused by mutations in core clock genes lead to symptoms of accelerated aging in both flies and mammals, including neurodegenerative phenotypes. Despite the wealth of descriptive data, the mechanisms by which functional clocks confer healthspan and lifespan benefits are poorly understood. Studies in Drosophila discussed here are beginning to unravel causative relationships between the circadian system and aging. In particular, recent data suggest that clocks may be involved in inducing rhythmic expression of specific genes late in life in response to age-related increase in oxidative stress. This review will summarize insights into links between circadian system and aging in Drosophila, which were obtained using powerful genetics tools available for this model organism and taking advantage of the short adult lifespan in flies that is measured in days rather than years.
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30
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de Toeuf B, Soin R, Nazih A, Dragojevic M, Jurėnas D, Delacourt N, Vo Ngoc L, Garcia-Pino A, Kruys V, Gueydan C. ARE-mediated decay controls gene expression and cellular metabolism upon oxygen variations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5211. [PMID: 29581565 PMCID: PMC5980108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia triggers profound modifications of cellular transcriptional programs. Upon reoxygenation, cells return to a normoxic gene expression pattern and mRNA produced during the hypoxic phase are degraded. TIS11 proteins control deadenylation and decay of transcripts containing AU-rich elements (AREs). We observed that the level of dTIS11 is decreased in hypoxic S2 Drosophila cells and returns to normal level upon reoxygenation. Bioinformatic analyses using the ARE-assessing algorithm AREScore show that the hypoxic S2 transcriptome is enriched in ARE-containing transcripts and that this trend is conserved in human myeloid cells. Moreover, an efficient down-regulation of Drosophila ARE-containing transcripts during hypoxia/normoxia transition requires dtis11 expression. Several of these genes encode proteins with metabolic functions. Here, we show that ImpL3 coding for Lactate Dehydrogenase in Drosophila, is regulated by ARE-mediated decay (AMD) with dTIS11 contributing to ImpL3 rapid down-regulation upon return to normal oxygen levels after hypoxia. More generally, we observed that dtis11 expression contributes to cell metabolic and proliferative recovery upon reoxygenation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that AMD plays an important role in the control of gene expression upon variation in oxygen concentration and contributes to optimal metabolic adaptation to oxygen variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère de Toeuf
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Romuald Soin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Abdelkarim Nazih
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marija Dragojevic
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Dukas Jurėnas
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Nadège Delacourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Long Vo Ngoc
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Abel Garcia-Pino
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Cyril Gueydan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
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31
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Havula E, Hietakangas V. Sugar sensing by ChREBP/Mondo-Mlx-new insight into downstream regulatory networks and integration of nutrient-derived signals. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 51:89-96. [PMID: 29278834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animals regulate their physiology with respect to nutrient status, which requires nutrient sensing pathways. Simple carbohydrates, sugars, are sensed by the basic-helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors ChREBP/Mondo, together with their heterodimerization partner Mlx, which are well-established activators of sugar-induced lipogenesis. Loss of ChREBP/Mondo-Mlx in mouse and Drosophila leads to sugar intolerance, that is, inability to survive on sugar containing diet. Recent evidence has revealed that ChREBP/Mondo-Mlx responds to sugar and fatty acid-derived metabolites through several mechanisms and cross-connects with other nutrient sensing pathways. ChREBP/Mondo-Mlx controls several downstream transcription factors and hormones, which mediate not only readjustment of metabolic pathways, but also control feeding behavior, intestinal digestion, and circadian rhythm.
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32
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Afik S, Bartok O, Artyomov MN, Shishkin AA, Kadri S, Hanan M, Zhu X, Garber M, Kadener S. Defining the 5΄ and 3΄ landscape of the Drosophila transcriptome with Exo-seq and RNaseH-seq. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e95. [PMID: 28335028 PMCID: PMC5499799 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells regulate biological responses in part through changes in transcription start sites (TSS) or cleavage and polyadenylation sites (PAS). To fully understand gene regulatory networks, it is therefore critical to accurately annotate cell type-specific TSS and PAS. Here we present a simple and straightforward approach for genome-wide annotation of 5΄- and 3΄-RNA ends. Our approach reliably discerns bona fide PAS from false PAS that arise due to internal poly(A) tracts, a common problem with current PAS annotation methods. We applied our methodology to study the impact of temperature on the Drosophila melanogaster head transcriptome. We found hundreds of previously unidentified TSS and PAS which revealed two interesting phenomena: first, genes with multiple PASs tend to harbor a motif near the most proximal PAS, which likely represents a new cleavage and polyadenylation signal. Second, motif analysis of promoters of genes affected by temperature suggested that boundary element association factor of 32 kDa (BEAF-32) and DREF mediates a transcriptional program at warm temperatures, a result we validated in a fly line where beaf-32 is downregulated. These results demonstrate the utility of a high-throughput platform for complete experimental and computational analysis of mRNA-ends to improve gene annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaked Afik
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Osnat Bartok
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexander A Shishkin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sabah Kadri
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mor Hanan
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Manuel Garber
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Sebastian Kadener
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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33
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Hussain R, Shaukat Z, Khan M, Saint R, Gregory SL. Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Maintains Glycolysis-driven Growth in Drosophila Tumors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11531. [PMID: 28912546 PMCID: PMC5599506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors frequently fail to pass on all their chromosomes correctly during cell division, and this chromosomal instability (CIN) causes irregular aneuploidy and oxidative stress in cancer cells. Our objective was to test knockdowns of metabolic enzymes in Drosophila to find interventions that could exploit the differences between normal and CIN cells to block CIN tumor growth without harming the host animal. We found that depleting by RNAi or feeding the host inhibitors against phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was able to block the growth of CIN tissue in a brat tumor explant model. Increasing NAD+ or oxidising cytoplasmic NADH was able to rescue the growth of PEPCK depleted tumors, suggesting a problem in clearing cytoplasmic NADH. Consistent with this, blocking the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle blocked tumor growth, as well as lowering ROS levels. This work suggests that proliferating CIN cells are particularly vulnerable to inhibition of PEPCK, or its metabolic network, because of their compromised redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Hussain
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Zeeshan Shaukat
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Mahwish Khan
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | | | - Stephen L Gregory
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia.
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Richards P, Ourabah S, Montagne J, Burnol AF, Postic C, Guilmeau S. MondoA/ChREBP: The usual suspects of transcriptional glucose sensing; Implication in pathophysiology. Metabolism 2017; 70:133-151. [PMID: 28403938 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the Mondo glucose-responsive transcription factors family, including the MondoA and MondoB/ChREBP paralogs, has shed light on the mechanism whereby glucose affects gene transcription. They have clearly emerged, in recent years, as key mediators of glucose sensing by multiple cell types. MondoA and ChREBP have overlapping yet distinct expression profiles, which underlie their downstream targets and separate roles in regulating genes involved in glucose metabolism. MondoA can restrict glucose uptake and influences energy utilization in skeletal muscle, while ChREBP signals energy storage through de novo lipogenesis in liver and white adipose tissue. Because Mondo proteins mediate metabolic adaptations to changing glucose levels, a better understanding of cellular glucose sensing through Mondo proteins will likely uncover new therapeutic opportunities in the context of the imbalanced glucose homeostasis that accompanies metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of structural homologies, transcriptional partners as well as the nutrient and hormonal mechanisms underlying Mondo proteins regulation. We next summarize their relative contribution to energy metabolism changes in physiological states and the evolutionary conservation of these pathways. Finally, we discuss their possible targeting in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Richards
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Ourabah
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Montagne
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, CEA, UMR 9198, F-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Chng WBA, Hietakangas V, Lemaitre B. Physiological Adaptations to Sugar Intake: New Paradigms from Drosophila melanogaster. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:131-142. [PMID: 27923532 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sugars are important energy sources, but high sugar intake poses a metabolic challenge and leads to diseases. Drosophila melanogaster is a generalist fruit breeder that encounters high levels of dietary sugars in its natural habitat. Consequently, Drosophila displays adaptive responses to dietary sugars, including highly conserved and unique metabolic adaptations not described in mammals. Carbohydrate homeostasis is maintained by a network comprising intracellular energy sensors, transcriptional regulators, and hormonal and neuronal mechanisms that together coordinate animal behavior, gut function, and metabolic flux. Here we give an overview of the physiological responses associated with sugar intake and discuss some of the emerging themes and applications of the Drosophila model in understanding sugar sensing and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Alfred Chng
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Teesalu M, Rovenko BM, Hietakangas V. Salt-Inducible Kinase 3 Provides Sugar Tolerance by Regulating NADPH/NADP + Redox Balance. Curr Biol 2017; 27:458-464. [PMID: 28132818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient-sensing pathways respond to changes in the levels of macronutrients, such as sugars, lipids, or amino acids, and regulate metabolic pathways to maintain organismal homeostasis [1, 2]. Consequently, nutrient sensing provides animals with the metabolic flexibility necessary for enduring temporal fluctuations in nutrient intake. Recent studies have shown that an animal's ability to survive on a high-sugar diet is determined by sugar-responsive gene regulation [3-8]. It remains to be elucidated whether other levels of metabolic control, such as post-translational regulation of metabolic enzymes, also contribute to organismal sugar tolerance. Furthermore, the sugar-regulated metabolic pathways contributing to sugar tolerance remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we identify Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3), a member of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinase family, as a key determinant of Drosophila sugar tolerance. SIK3 allows sugar-feeding animals to increase the reductive capacity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH/NADP+). NADPH mediates the reduction of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione, which is essential for survival on a high-sugar diet. SIK3 controls NADP+ reduction by phosphorylating and activating Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. SIK3 gene expression is regulated by the sugar-regulated transcription factor complex Mondo-Mlx, which was previously identified as a key determinant of sugar tolerance. SIK3 converges with Mondo-Mlx in sugar-induced activation of G6PD, and simultaneous inhibition of SIK3 and Mondo-Mlx leads to strong synergistic lethality on a sugar-containing diet. In conclusion, SIK3 cooperates with Mondo-Mlx to maintain organismal sugar tolerance through the regulation of NADPH/NADP+ redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Teesalu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Bohdana M Rovenko
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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Eveland M, Brokamp GA, Lue CH, Harbison ST, Leips J, De Luca M. Knockdown expression of Syndecan in the fat body impacts nutrient metabolism and the organismal response to environmental stresses in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:103-108. [PMID: 27289019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecans are transmembrane proteins involved in multiple physiological processes, including cell-matrix adhesion and inflammation. Recent evidence from model systems and humans suggest that syndecans have a role in energy balance and nutrient metabolism regulation. However, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms through which syndecans influence these phenotypes. Previously, we reported that Drosophila melanogaster Syndecan (Sdc) mutants had reduced metabolic activity compared to controls. Here, we knocked down endogenous Sdc expression in the fat body (the functional equivalent of mammalian adipose tissue and liver) to investigate whether the effects on metabolism originate from this tissue. We found that knocking down Sdc in the fat body leads to flies with higher levels of glycogen and fat and that survive longer during starvation, likely due to their extra energy reserves and an increase in gluconeogenesis. However, compared to control flies, they are also more sensitive to environmental stresses (e.g. bacterial infection and cold) and have reduced metabolic activity under normal feeding conditions. Under the same conditions, fat-body Sdc reduction enhances expression of genes involved in glyceroneogenesis and gluconeogenesis and induces a drastic decrease in phosphorylation levels of AKT and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Altogether, these findings strongly suggest that Drosophila fat body Sdc is involved in a mechanism that shifts resources to different physiological functions according to nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Eveland
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Brokamp
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chia-Hua Lue
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan T Harbison
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeff Leips
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Abstract
Fatty acid and fat synthesis in the liver is a highly regulated metabolic pathway that is important for very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and thus energy distribution to other tissues. Having common features at their promoter regions, lipogenic genes are coordinately regulated at the transcriptional level. Transcription factors, such as upstream stimulatory factors (USFs), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1C (SREBP1C), liver X receptors (LXRs) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) have crucial roles in this process. Recently, insights have been gained into the signalling pathways that regulate these transcription factors. After feeding, high blood glucose and insulin levels activate lipogenic genes through several pathways, including the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and AKT-mTOR pathways. These pathways control the post-translational modifications of transcription factors and co-regulators, such as phosphorylation, acetylation or ubiquitylation, that affect their function, stability and/or localization. Dysregulation of lipogenesis can contribute to hepatosteatosis, which is associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jose Viscarra
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sun-Joong Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Fountain T, Melvin RG, Ikonen S, Ruokolainen A, Woestmann L, Hietakangas V, Hanski I. Oxygen and energy availability interact to determine flight performance in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:1488-94. [PMID: 26944488 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.138180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Flying insects have the highest known mass-specific demand for oxygen, which makes it likely that reduced availability of oxygen might limit sustained flight, either instead of or in addition to the limitation due to metabolite resources. The Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) occurs as a large metapopulation in which adult butterflies frequently disperse between small local populations. Here, we examine how the interaction between oxygen availability and fuel use affects flight performance in the Glanville fritillary. Individuals were flown under either normoxic (21 kPa O2) or hypoxic (10 kPa O2) conditions and their flight metabolism was measured. To determine resource use, levels of circulating glucose, trehalose and whole-body triglyceride were recorded after flight. Flight performance was significantly reduced in hypoxic conditions. When flown under normoxic conditions, we observed a positive correlation among individuals between post-flight circulating trehalose levels and flight metabolic rate, suggesting that low levels of circulating trehalose constrains flight metabolism. To test this hypothesis experimentally, we measured the flight metabolic rate of individuals injected with a trehalase inhibitor. In support of the hypothesis, experimental butterflies showed significantly reduced flight metabolic rate, but not resting metabolic rate, in comparison to control individuals. By contrast, under hypoxia there was no relationship between trehalose and flight metabolic rate. Additionally, in this case, flight metabolic rate was reduced in spite of circulating trehalose levels that were high enough to support high flight metabolic rate under normoxic conditions. These results demonstrate a significant interaction between oxygen and energy availability for the control of flight performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Fountain
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Richard G Melvin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Suvi Ikonen
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Lammi 16900, Finland
| | | | - Luisa Woestmann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Mattila J, Havula E, Suominen E, Teesalu M, Surakka I, Hynynen R, Kilpinen H, Väänänen J, Hovatta I, Käkelä R, Ripatti S, Sandmann T, Hietakangas V. Mondo-Mlx Mediates Organismal Sugar Sensing through the Gli-Similar Transcription Factor Sugarbabe. Cell Rep 2015; 13:350-64. [PMID: 26440885 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ChREBP/Mondo-Mlx transcription factors are activated by sugars and are essential for sugar tolerance. They promote the conversion of sugars to lipids, but beyond this, their physiological roles are insufficiently understood. Here, we demonstrate that in an organism-wide setting in Drosophila, Mondo-Mlx controls the majority of sugar-regulated genes involved in nutrient digestion and transport as well as carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, human orthologs of the Mondo-Mlx targets display enrichment among gene variants associated with high circulating triglycerides. In addition to direct regulation of metabolic genes, Mondo-Mlx maintains metabolic homeostasis through downstream effectors, including the Activin ligand Dawdle and the Gli-similar transcription factor Sugarbabe. Sugarbabe controls a subset of Mondo-Mlx-dependent processes, including de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid desaturation. In sum, Mondo-Mlx is a master regulator of other sugar-responsive pathways essential for adaptation to a high-sugar diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Mattila
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Essi Havula
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Erja Suominen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Mari Teesalu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00270, Finland; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00251, Finland
| | - Riikka Hynynen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Helena Kilpinen
- EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Juho Väänänen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00251, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00270, Finland; Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00251, Finland; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Thomas Sandmann
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland.
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