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Damasceno de Lima R, Fudoli Lins Vieira R, Rosetto Muñoz V, Chaix A, Azevedo Macedo AP, Calheiros Antunes G, Felonato M, Rosseto Braga R, Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari S, Calais Gaspar R, Ramos da Silva AS, Esper Cintra D, Pereira de Moura L, Mekary RA, Rochete Ropelle E, Pauli JR. Time-restricted feeding combined with resistance exercise prevents obesity and improves lipid metabolism in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E513-E528. [PMID: 37755454 PMCID: PMC10864020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, is estimated to be the most common liver disease worldwide. Obesity is a major risk factor and contributor, and, accordingly, weight loss can improve NAFLD. Previous studies in preclinical models of diet-induced obesity and fatty liver disease have shown the independent benefits of resistance exercise training (RT) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in preventing weight gain and hepatic build-up of fat. Here, we tested the combined effect of TRF and RT on obesity and NAFLD in mice fed a high-fat diet. Our results showed that both TRF-8-h food access in the active phase-and RT-consisting of three weekly sessions of ladder climbing-attenuated body weight gain, improved glycemic homeostasis, and decreased the accumulation of lipids in the liver. TRF combined with RT improved the respiratory exchange rate, energy expenditure, and mitochondrial respiration in the liver. Furthermore, gene expression analysis in the liver revealed lower mRNA expression of lipogenesis and inflammation genes along with increased mRNA of fatty acid oxidation genes in the TRF + RT group. Importantly, combined TRF + RT was shown to be more efficient in preventing obesity and metabolic disorders. In conclusion, TRF and RT exert complementary actions compared with isolated interventions, with significant effects on metabolic disorders and NAFLD in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether time-restricted feeding (TRF) combined with resistance exercise training (RT) may be more efficient compared with these interventions alone is still unclear. We show that when combined with RT, TRF provided additional benefits, being more effective in increasing energy expenditure, preventing weight gain, and regulating glycemic homeostasis than each intervention alone. Thus, our results demonstrate that TRF and RT have complementary actions on some synergistic pathways that prevented obesity and hepatic liver accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Damasceno de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ana Paula Azevedo Macedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Calheiros Antunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Maíra Felonato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Renata Rosseto Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LabGeN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Sun M, Zhao X, Li X, Wang C, Lin L, Wang K, Sun Y, Ye W, Li H, Zhang Y, Huang C. Aerobic Exercise Ameliorates Liver Injury in Db/Db Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Inflammation Through the Nrf2 and JAK2/STAT3 Signalling Pathways. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4805-4819. [PMID: 37901382 PMCID: PMC10612520 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s426581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) implicates oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, all of which may contribute liver injury. Aerobic exercise is assured to positively regulate metabolism in the liver. This project was designed to investigate whether and how aerobic exercise improves DM-induced liver injury. Methods Seven-week-old male db/db mice and age-matched m/m mice were randomly divided into a rest control group or a group that received 12 weeks of aerobic exercise by treadmill training (10 m/min). Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, electron microscopy, Oil Red O staining and TUNEL assays were used to evaluate the histopathological changes in mouse liver. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL) were analyzed by serum biochemical analysis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed via ELISA. Nuclear factor E2-associated factor-2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and JAK2/STAT3 pathway-related proteins were measured by immunofluorescence, Western blotting and q-PCR. F4/80 expression in liver tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results In diabetic mice, exercise training significantly decreased the levels of serum TRIG, CHOL, IL-6, TNF-α, ALT and AST; prevented weight gain, hyperglycaemia, and impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Morphologically, exercise mitigated the diabetes-induced increase in liver tissue microvesicles, inflammatory cells, F4/80 (macrophage marker) levels, and TUNEL-positive cells. In addition, exercise reduced the apoptosis index, which is consistent with the results for caspase-3 and Bax. Additionally, exercise significantly increased SOD activity, decreased MDA levels, activated Nrf2 and decreased the expression of NF-kB, phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 proteins in the livers of diabetic mice. Conclusion This study demonstrated that aerobic exercise reversed liver dysfunction in db/db mice with T2DM by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation, possibly by enhancing Nrf2 expression and inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 cascade response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingui Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaolu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qiandongnan Ethnic Vocational and Technical College, Kaili, 556000, People’s Republic of China
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da Costa Fernandes CJ, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, de Melo DG, de Campos TDP, Dos Santos Canciglieri R, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Short-term strength exercise reduces the macrophage M1/M2 ratio in white adipose tissue of obese animals. Life Sci 2023; 329:121916. [PMID: 37419412 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity can exacerbate the systemic inflammatory process, leading to increased infiltration of monocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) and polarization of these cells into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, while reducing the population of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Aerobic exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing the pro-inflammatory profile. However, the impact of strength training and the duration of training on macrophage polarization in the WAT of obese individuals have not been widely studied. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise on macrophage infiltration and polarization in the epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese mice. We compared the following groups: Control (CT), Obese (OB), Obese 7-day strength training (STO7d), and Obese 15-day strength training (STO15d). Macrophage populations were evaluated by flow cytometry: total macrophages (F4/80+), M1 (CD11c), and M2 (CD206) macrophages. Our results demonstrated that both training protocols improved peripheral insulin sensitivity by increasing AKT phosphorylation (Ser473). Specifically, the 7-day training regimen reduced total macrophage infiltration and M2 macrophage levels without altering M1 levels. In the STO15d group, significant differences were observed in total macrophage levels, M1 macrophages, and the M1/M2 ratio compared to the OB group. In the epididymal tissue, a reduction in the M1/M2 ratio was observed in the STO7d group. Overall, our data demonstrate that 15 days of strength exercise can reduce the M1/M2 ratio of macrophages in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célio Junior da Costa Fernandes
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes de Melo
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thais Dantis Pereira de Campos
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dos Santos Canciglieri
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | | | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
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4
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Barrón-Cabrera E, Soria-Rodríguez R, Amador-Lara F, Martínez-López E. Physical Activity Protocols in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials and Animal Models. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1992. [PMID: 37510432 PMCID: PMC10379178 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11141992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with other metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease. Regular exercise reduces hepatic fat content and could be the first-line treatment in the management of NAFLD. This review aims to summarize the current evidence of the beneficial effects of exercise training and identify the molecular pathways involved in the response to exercise to define their role in the resolution of NAFLD both in animal and human studies. According to the inclusion criteria, 43 animal studies and 14 RCTs were included in this systematic review. Several exercise modalities were demonstrated to have a positive effect on liver function. Physical activity showed a strong association with improvement in inflammation, and reduction in steatohepatitis and fibrosis in experimental models. Furthermore, both aerobic and resistance exercise in human studies were demonstrated to reduce liver fat, and to improve insulin resistance and blood lipids, regardless of weight loss, although aerobic exercises may be more effective. Resistance exercise is more feasible for patients with NAFLD with poor cardiorespiratory fitness. More effort and awareness should be dedicated to encouraging NAFLD patients to adopt an active lifestyle and benefit from it its effects in order to reduce this growing public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barrón-Cabrera
- Faculty of Nutrition and Gastronomy Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80010, Mexico
| | - Raúl Soria-Rodríguez
- Program in Physical Activity and Lifestyle, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Fernando Amador-Lara
- Department of Medical Clinics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular and Genomic Biology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
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5
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Ghalandari K, Shabani M, Khajehlandi A, Mohammadi A. Effect of aerobic training with silymarin consumption on glycemic indices and liver enzymes in men with type 2 diabetes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:76-81. [PMID: 32749890 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1797104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training (AT) combined with silymarin (S)consumption on glycemic indices and liver enzymes in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this clinical trial, 60 middle-aged male volunteers were randomly divided into 4 groups, including: (1) C + placebo(C) (2) AT + placebo (3), S and (4) AT + S. AT was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each session for 20-45 minutes at an intensity of 60-85% of maximal heart rate reserve, and S receiving groups consumed 140 mg/kg S daily (in two servings). AT reduced glycemic indices and liver enzymes in men with T2D (p ≤ .05). S decreased blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT and ALP in men with T2D (p ≤ .05). Exercise along with silymarin decreased blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT and ALP. Also, reduction of AST and blood glucose in the AT + S group was more favourable than the effect of S alone (p ≤ .05). It seems that simultaneous AT and S has interactive effects on reducing glycemic indices and liver enzymes in men with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Ghalandari
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shabani
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
| | - Ali Khajehlandi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
| | - Amin Mohammadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
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6
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Jung JTK, Marques LS, Zborowski VA, Silva GL, Nogueira CW, Zeni G. Resistance Training Modulates Hippocampal Neuroinflammation and Protects Anxiety-Depression-like Dyad Induced by an Emotional Single Prolonged Stress Model. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:264-76. [PMID: 36261694 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a triggering factor for anxious and depressive phenotypes. Exercise is known for its action on the central nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the role of resistance exercise in an anxiety-depression-like dyad in a model of stress. Male Swiss mice (35-day-old) were exercised, three times a week for 4 weeks on nonconsecutive days. The resistance exercise consisted of climbing a 1-m-high ladder 15 times. After mice were subjected to an emotional single prolonged stress (Esps) protocol. Seven days later, they were subjected to anxiety and depression predictive behavioral tests. The results showed that exercised mice gain less weight than sedentary from weeks 3 to 5. Resistance exercise was effective against an increase in immobility time in the forced swim test and tail suspension test and a decrease in grooming time of mice subjected to Esps. Resistance exercise protected against the decrease in the percentage of open arms time and open arm entries, and the increase in the anxiety index in Esps mice. Four-week resistance exercise did not elicit an antidepressant/anxiolytic phenotype in non-stressed mice. Esps did not alter plasma corticosterone levels but increased the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor content in mice. Resistance exercise protected against the decrease in hippocampal levels of tropomyosin kinase B (TRκB), the p-Akt/Akt, and the p-mTOR/mTOR ratios of Esps mice. Resistance exercise proved to be effective in decreasing hippocampal neuroinflammation in Esps mice. Resistance exercise protected against the increase in the hippocampal Akt/mTOR pathway and neuroinflammation, and anxiety/depression-like dyad in Esps exposed mice.
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7
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Wang Y, Guo Y, Xu Y, Wang W, Zhuang S, Wang R, Xiao W. HIIT Ameliorates Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism by Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Liver of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice. Metabolites 2022; 13. [PMID: 36676939 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT), a new type of exercise, can effectively prevent the progression of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HIIT on liver inflammation and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) and to explore the possible mechanisms of macrophage polarization and mitochondrial dynamics. Our results showed that HIIT can increase fatty acid oxidation-related gene (PPARα, CPT1α, and ACOX1) mRNA levels and decrease adipogenesis-related gene (PPARγ) mRNA levels to improve liver metabolism in T2DM mice. The improvement of lipid metabolism disorder may occur through increasing liver mitochondrial biosynthesis-related genes (PGC-1α and TFAM) and restoring mitochondrial dynamics-related gene (MFN2 and DRP1) mRNA levels. HIIT can also reduce the mRNA levels of liver inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) in T2DM mice. The reduction in liver inflammation may occur through reducing the expression of total macrophage marker (F4/80) and M1 macrophage marker (CD86) mRNA and protein and increasing the expression of M2 macrophage marker (CD163, CD206, and Arg1) mRNA and protein in the liver. HIIT can also increase the expression of insulin signaling pathway (IRS1, PI3K, and AKT) mRNA and protein in the liver of T2DM mice, which may be related to the improvements in liver inflammation and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, these results suggested that 8 weeks of HIIT can improve inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice, macrophage M1/M2 polarization, and mitochondrial dynamics may be involved in this process.
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8
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Pereira RM, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Sant'Ana MR, da Rocha AL, Morelli AP, Veras ASC, Gaspar RS, da Costa Fernandes CJ, Teixeira GR, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. FOXO1 is downregulated in obese mice subjected to short-term strength training. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4262-4274. [PMID: 36125908 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem and is directly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The liver is an important organ for the control of healthy glycemic levels, since insulin resistance in this organ reduces phosphorylation of forkhead box protein 1 (FOXO1) protein, leading to higher hepatic glucose production (HGP) and fasting hyperglycemia. Aerobic physical training is known as an important strategy in increasing the insulin action in the liver by increasing FOXO1 phosphorylation and reducing gluconeogenesis. However, little is known about the effects of strength training in this context. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term strength training on hepatic insulin sensitivity and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and FOXO1 phosphorylation in obese (OB) mice. To achieve this goal, OB Swiss mice performed the strength training protocol (one daily session for 15 days). Short-term strength training increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and GSK3β in the liver after insulin stimulus and improved the control of HGP during the pyruvate tolerance test. On the other hand, sedentary OB animals reduced FOXO1 phosphorylation and increased the levels of nuclear FOXO1 in the liver, increasing the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) content. The bioinformatics analysis also showed positive correlations between hepatic FOXO1 levels and gluconeogenic genes, reinforcing our findings. However, strength-trained animals reverted to this scenario, regardless of body adiposity changes. In conclusion, short-term strength training is an efficient strategy to enhance the insulin action in the liver of OB mice, contributing to glycemic control by reducing the activity of hepatic FOXO1 and lowering PEPCK and G6Pase contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Pereira
- School of Applied Sciences, Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Kellen C da Cruz Rodrigues
- School of Applied Sciences, Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Marcella R Sant'Ana
- Nutrition Division, Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana P Morelli
- Health Division, Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Allice S C Veras
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Multicentric Physiological Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Aracatuba, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology, State University of São Paulo-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Gaspar
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Célio J da Costa Fernandes
- School of Applied Sciences, Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Multicentric Physiological Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Aracatuba, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology, State University of São Paulo-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Health Division, Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Nutrition Division, Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- School of Applied Sciences, Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- School of Applied Sciences, Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- School of Applied Sciences, Exercise Cell Biology Lab, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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9
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Bronczek GA, Soares GM, Marmentini C, Boschero AC, Costa-Júnior JM. Resistance Training Improves Beta Cell Glucose Sensing and Survival in Diabetic Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169427. [PMID: 36012692 PMCID: PMC9409046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training increases insulin secretion and beta cell function in healthy mice. Here, we explored the effects of resistance training on beta cell glucose sensing and survival by using in vitro and in vivo diabetic models. A pancreatic beta cell line (INS-1E), incubated with serum from trained mice, displayed increased insulin secretion, which could be linked with increased expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucokinase (GCK). When cells were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines (in vitro type 1 diabetes), trained serum preserved both insulin secretion and GCK expression, reduced expression of proteins related to apoptotic pathways, and also protected cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis. Using 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice, turned diabetic by multiple low doses of streptozotocin, we observed that resistance training increased muscle mass and fat deposition, reduced fasting and fed glycemia, and improved glucose tolerance. These findings may be explained by the increased fasting and fed insulinemia, along with increased beta cell mass and beta cell number per islet, observed in diabetic-trained mice compared to diabetic sedentary mice. In conclusion, we believe that resistance training stimulates the release of humoral factors which can turn beta cells more resistant to harmful conditions and improve their response to a glucose stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alves Bronczek
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Moreira Soares
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Carine Marmentini
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - José Maria Costa-Júnior
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
- Center for Diabetes Research, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-455-11-02-04
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10
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Xie X, Zhang M, Sun L, Wang T, Zhu Z, Shu R, Wu F, Li Z. Crocin-I Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:894089. [PMID: 36034852 PMCID: PMC9403484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.894089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin-I can regulate physiological changes in the human body by altering inflammation and microbial composition. Gut microbiota are also involved in modulating the pathophysiology of obesity. However, crocin-I’s effect on obesity and the mechanism underlying its effects on gut microbiota and inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, high-fat diet (HFD) -induced obese mice were administrated crocin-I (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks using an oral gavage (HFD-C20 group). HFD-C20, HFD, and Normal chow (NC) groups were compared. The fat content, colon tissue inflammatory cytokine levels, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels were measured. We show that crocin-I reduced body weight and liver weight and improved glucose resistance in HFD-induced mice, and reduced the lipid accumulation in the liver. Strikingly, crocin-I alleviated intestinal microbial disorders and decreased the F/B ratio and the abundance of Proteobacteria in HFD-induced obese mice. Crocin-I also rescued the decrease in the levels of SCFAs and repaired altered intestinal barrier functioning and intestinal inflammation in HFD-induced obese mice. These findings indicate that crocin-I may inhibit obesity by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Shu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Wu, ; Zezhi Li,
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Wu, ; Zezhi Li,
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11
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Antunes GC, Lima RDD, Vieira RFL, Macêdo APA, Muñoz VR, Zambalde EP, Romeiro CF, Simabuco FM, Prada PO, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, Cintra DE, Pauli JR. RESISTANCE EXERCISE ATTENUATES IKKε PHOSPHORYLATION AND HEPATIC FAT ACCUMULATION OF OBESE MICE. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1072-1081. [PMID: 35690890 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and disturbances in hepatic metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance exercise on inflammatory signaling related to IKKepsilon protein (IKKɛ) and on hepatic fat accumulation in obese mice. Male Swiss mice were distributed into three groups: control (CTL) fed with standard chow; obese (OB) mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD); obese exercised (OB+RE) mice fed with HFD and submitted to a resistance exercise training. The resistance exercise training protocol consisted of 20 sets/3 ladder climbs for eight weeks, three times/week on alternate days. The training overload was equivalent to 70% of the maximum load supported by the rodent. Assays were performed to evaluate weight gain, hepatic fat content, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, IKKɛ phosphorylation, and proteins related to insulin signaling and lipogenesis in the liver. Mice that received the high-fat diet showed greater adiposity, impaired insulin sensitivity, increased fasting glucose, and increased hepatic fat accumulation. These results were accompanied by an increase in IKKɛ phosphorylation and lipogenesis-related proteins such as cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver of obese mice. In contrast, exercised mice showed lower body weight and adiposity evolution throughout the experiment. In addition, resistance exercise suppressed the effects of the high-fat diet by reducing IKKɛ phosphorylation and hepatic fat content. In conclusion, resistance exercise training improves hepatic fat metabolism and glycemic homeostasis, which are, at least in part, linked to the antiinflammatory effect of reduced IKKɛ phosphorylation in the liver of obese mice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Calheiros Antunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Damasceno de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Pereira Zambalde
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, State University of Campinas, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Felipe Romeiro
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, State University of Campinas, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, State University of Campinas, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- Laboratory of Molecular Research in Obesity (Labimo), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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de Melo DG, Anaruma CP, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Pereira RM, de Campos TDP, Canciglieri RS, Ramos CO, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Strength training alters the tissue fatty acids profile and slightly improves the thermogenic pathway in the adipose tissue of obese mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6913. [PMID: 35484170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease characterized by the exacerbated increase of adipose tissue. A possible way to decrease the harmful effects of excessive adipose tissue is to increase the thermogenesis process, to the greater energy expenditure generated by the increase in heat in the body. In adipose tissue, the thermogenesis process is the result of an increase in mitochondrial work, having as substrate H+ ions, and which is related to the increased activity of UCP1. Evidence shows that stress is responsible for increasing the greater induction of UCP1 expression via β-adrenergic receptors. It is known that physical exercise is an important implement for sympathetic stimulation promoting communication between norepinephrine/epinephrine with membrane receptors. Thus, the present study investigates the influence of short-term strength training (STST) on fatty acid composition, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and browning processes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) of obese mice. For this, Swiss mice were divided into three groups: lean control, obesity sedentary, and obese strength training (OBexT). Obese animals were fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks. Trained obese animals were submitted to 7 days of strength exercise. It was demonstrated that STST sessions were able to reduce fasting glycemia. In the sWAT, the STST was able to decrease the levels of the long-chain fatty acids profile, saturated fatty acid, and palmitic fatty acid (C16:0). Moreover, it was showed that STST did not increase protein levels responsible for lipolysis, the ATGL, ABHD5, pPLIN1, and pHSL. On the other hand, the exercise protocol decreased the expression of the lipogenic enzyme SCD1. Finally, our study demonstrated that the STST increased browning process-related genes such as PGC-1α, PRDM16, and UCP1 in the sWAT. Interestingly, all these biomolecular mechanisms have been observed independently of changes in body weight. Therefore, it is concluded that short-term strength exercise can be an effective strategy to initiate morphological changes in sWAT.
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13
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de Sousa Neto IV, Prestes J, Pereira GB, Almeida JA, Ramos GV, de Souza FHV, de Souza PEN, Tibana RA, Franco OL, Durigan JLQ, Neves RVP, dos Santos Rosa T, Fontes W, de Cassia Marqueti R. Protective role of intergenerational paternal resistance training on fibrosis, inflammatory profile, and redox status in the adipose tissue of rat offspring fed with a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pereira RM, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Sant'Ana MR, Peruca GF, Anaruma CP, de Campos TDP, Dos Santos Canciglieri R, de Melo DG, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Short-term combined training reduces hepatic steatosis and improves hepatic insulin signaling. Life Sci 2021; 287:120124. [PMID: 34748760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is directly associated with hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, which is correlated with hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aerobic and strength training have been pointed out as efficient strategies against hepatic steatosis. However, little is known about the effects of the combination of those two protocols on hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of short-term combined training (STCT) on glucose homeostasis and in the synthesis and oxidation of fat in the liver of obesity-induced mice with hepatic steatosis. Swiss mice were distributed into three groups: control lean (CTL), sedentary obese (OB), and combined training obese (CTO). The CTO group performed the STCT protocol, which consisted of strength and aerobic exercises in the same session. The protocol lasted seven days. The CTO group reduced the glucose levels and fatty liver when compared to the OB group. Interestingly, these results were observed even without reductions in body adiposity. CTO group also showed increased hepatic insulin sensitivity, with lower hepatic glucose production (HGP). STCT reduced the expression of the lipogenic genes Fasn and Scd1 and hepatic inflammation, as well as increased the ACC phosphorylation and the oxidative genes Cpt1a and Ppara, reverting the complications caused by obesity. Since this protocol increased lipid oxidation and reduced hepatic lipogenesis, regardless of body fat mass decrease, it can be considered an effective non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Pereira
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Francisco Peruca
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Motricity Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thaís Dantis Pereira de Campos
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dos Santos Canciglieri
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes de Melo
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
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15
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Huang Z, Tang J, Ji K. Exercise prevents HFD-induced insulin resistance risk: involvement of TNF-α level regulated by vagus nerve-related anti-inflammatory pathway in the spleen. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 34717724 PMCID: PMC8556891 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regular physical exercise can improve insulin resistance in insulin target tissues. However, the mechanisms about the beneficial effect of exercise on insulin resistance are not yet fully resolved. This study was carried out to address whether insulin resistance improvement by exercise is involved in an anti-inflammatory pathway in the spleen in high-fat diet (HFD) feeding mice. METHODS Male C57Bl/6J mice with or without subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (sVNS) were subjected to medium-intensity treadmill exercise during HFD feeding. Glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were detected, and spleen acetylcholine level, choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT), protein kinase C (PKC) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assayed. RESULTS We found that exercise significantly improves HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, along with an increase in acetylcholine level, ChAT activity, and PKC activity, and decrease in TNF-α level in the system and the spleen from HFD-fed mice. However, sVNS abolished the beneficial effect of exercise on glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, decreased acetylcholine level, ChAT activity, and PKC activity, and increase TNF-α level of the spleen in HFD-mice exercise intervention. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that the prevention of HFD-associated insulin resistance by exercise intervention involves reducing splenic TNF-α level, which is mediated by cholinergic anti-inflammatory activity via influencing PKC activity, ChAT activity, and acetylcholine concentration in mice spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan College, No 333, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, 430212, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jialing Tang
- Department of Physical Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Kai Ji
- College of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430212, Hubei Province, China.
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women show a lower risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to men, likely a consequence of a sex-specific regulation of liver metabolism. In the liver, sex differences in the uptake, synthesis, oxidation, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, as well as in the regulation of inflammation, are associated with differences in NAFLD prevalence and progression between men and women. Given the major role of sex hormones in driving hepatic sexual dimorphism, this review will focus on the role of sex hormones and their signaling in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and in the molecular mechanisms triggering NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Costa JSR, Fonseca GFAC, Ottone NCDS, Silva PA, Antonaccio RF, Silva G, Rocha MDSA, Coimbra CC, Esteves EA, Mang ZA, Amorim FT, Magalhães FDC. Strength training improves insulin resistance and differently affects mitochondria in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in high-fat fed mice. Life Sci 2021; 278:119639. [PMID: 34043987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Strength training (ST) improves insulin resistance and glucose tolerance by yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ST on mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, on heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in skeletal muscle, and on visceral adipocyte size in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Balb/c mice were divided into sedentary control-chow (C-chow), strength trained-chow (ST-chow), sedentary control-HFD (C-HFD) and strength trained-HFD (ST-HFD). Diet was provided for 12 weeks, while ladder climbing ST was performed for the final six weeks of the study at a frequency of three days per week. KEY FINDINGS Strength training led to increased strength, muscular endurance, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Compared to the C-HFD group, mice in the ST-HFD group decreased their whole-body insulin resistance, improved their glucose tolerance, and had higher activation of the insulin pathway in skeletal muscle. ST increased citrate synthase (CS) activity in skeletal muscle, but this increase was blunted in ST-HFD. Conversely, HFD reduced adipose tissue CS activity regardless of training status. Hsp72 content was reduced in C-HFD, but returned to control levels in ST-HFD. Finally, reduced epididymal adipocyte size was observed in ST-HFD. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the improvement in insulin resistance induced by ST is related to mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle, but not in adipose tissue. Moreover, this improvement might be related to increased skeletal muscle Hsp72 and reduced epididymal adipocyte size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sales Rodrigues Costa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Graciene Fernandes Araújo Campos Fonseca
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Natielle Cecília Dos Santos Ottone
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Patrick Almeida Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Romulo Fernandes Antonaccio
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Maíra da Silva Almeida Rocha
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Candido Celso Coimbra
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Zachary A Mang
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
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Hsu YJ, Wu MF, Lee MC, Huang CC. Exercise training combined with Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 treatment regulates insulin resistance and physical performance in db/db mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:7728-7740. [PMID: 34296722 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02939d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Regular exercise is one of the effective lifestyle interventions for maintaining healthy weight and blood glucose levels in the normal range and lowering risk factors. Probiotics, live microorganisms that are beneficial to health, are involved in the regulation of host metabolism. We thus hypothesize that the combination of exercise training and Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 (OLP-01) could improve insulin sensitivity, blood glucose control and body composition in db/db mice. Twenty-four C57BL/6 J db/db male mice (20-weeks old) were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): vehicle, OLP-01 supplementation (OLP-01), exercise training (EX) and exercise training with OLP-01 supplementation (EX + OLP-01). Animals in the EX and EX + OLP-01 groups underwent strength exercise training for 6 weeks, 5 days per week. After the exercise training, we tested forelimb grip strength, exhaustive running, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and serum biomarkers. Results: Combined intervention of EX and OLP-01 prevented elevation of body weight and body fat. Grip strength and exhaustive swimming time were significantly higher in the EX + OLP-01 group than in the other groups. We found that EX OLP-01 reduced glycolipid parameters (fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c), improved insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test and HOMA-IR), relieved liver injury parameters (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and repaired pancreas damage. Based on our findings, we speculate that the positive effects of combining EX with OLP-01 on capacity for physical activity, blood glucose control and body composition suggest an integrative approach to treating type 2 diabetes. Altogether, the combination of EX with OLP-01 treatment might be a good candidate for preventing and treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, Natioal Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan.
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da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Martins Pereira R, Peruca GF, Torres Barbosa LW, Ramos Sant’Ana M, Rosetto Muñoz V, Morelli AP, Moreira Simabuco F, Sanchez Ramos da Silva A, Esper Cintra D, Rochete Ropelle E, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Short-Term Strength Exercise Reduces Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice by Reducing PTP1B Content, Regardless of Changes in Body Weight. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6402. [PMID: 34203825 PMCID: PMC8232771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes genesis. The liver is a key organ to glucose homeostasis since insulin resistance in this organ increases hepatic glucose production (HGP) and fasting hyperglycemia. The protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) may dephosphorylate the IR and IRS, contributing to insulin resistance in this organ. Aerobic exercise is a great strategy to increase insulin action in the liver by reducing the PTP1B content. In contrast, no study has shown the direct effects of strength training on the hepatic metabolism of PTP1B. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of short-term strength exercise (STSE) on hepatic insulin sensitivity and PTP1B content in obese mice, regardless of body weight change. To achieve this goal, obese Swiss mice were submitted to a strength exercise protocol lasting 15 days. The results showed that STSE increased Akt phosphorylation in the liver and enhanced the control of HGP during the pyruvate tolerance test. Furthermore, sedentary obese animals increased PTP1B content and decreased IRS-1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation; however, STSE was able to reverse this scenario. Therefore, we conclude that STSE is an important strategy to improve the hepatic insulin sensitivity and HGP by reducing the PTP1B content in the liver of obese mice, regardless of changes in body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (K.C.d.C.R.); (R.M.P.); (G.F.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Martins Pereira
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (K.C.d.C.R.); (R.M.P.); (G.F.P.)
| | - Guilherme Francisco Peruca
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (K.C.d.C.R.); (R.M.P.); (G.F.P.)
| | - Lucas Wesley Torres Barbosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (L.W.T.B.); (V.R.M.); (E.R.R.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant’Ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (M.R.S.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (L.W.T.B.); (V.R.M.); (E.R.R.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, Faculty of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (A.P.M.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, Faculty of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (A.P.M.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil;
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (M.R.S.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (L.W.T.B.); (V.R.M.); (E.R.R.); (J.R.P.)
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (L.W.T.B.); (V.R.M.); (E.R.R.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria Street, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil; (K.C.d.C.R.); (R.M.P.); (G.F.P.)
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20
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Bronczek GA, Soares GM, de Barros JF, Vettorazzi JF, Kurauti MA, Marconato-Júnior E, Zangerolamo L, Marmentini C, Boschero AC, Costa-Júnior JM. Resistance exercise training improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8574. [PMID: 33883630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise exerts beneficial effects on glycemic control, which could be mediated by exercise-induced humoral factors released in the bloodstream. Here, we used C57Bl/6 healthy mice, submitted to resistance exercise training for 10 weeks. Trained mice presented higher muscle weight and maximum voluntary carrying capacity, combined with reduced body weight gain and fat deposition. Resistance training improved glucose tolerance and reduced glycemia, with no alterations in insulin sensitivity. In addition, trained mice displayed higher insulinemia in fed state, associated with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Islets from trained mice showed reduced expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, associated with increased expression of Ins2. INS-1E beta-cells incubated with serum from trained mice displayed similar pattern of insulin secretion and gene expression than isolated islets from trained mice. When exposed to CPA (an ER stress inducer), the serum from trained mice partially preserved the secretory function of INS-1E cells, and prevented CPA-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that resistance training, in healthy mice, improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, which could be driven, at least in part, by humoral factors.
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21
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Li L, Huang C, Yin H, Zhang X, Wang D, Ma C, Li J, Zhao Y, Li X. Interleukin-6 mediated exercise-induced alleviation of adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001431. [PMID: 33853848 PMCID: PMC8054088 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise training has been shown to be the most effective strategy to combat obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, exercise promotes loss of adipose tissue mass and improves obesity-related hepatic steatosis through mechanisms that remain obscure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To study the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis during treadmill running, IL-6 knockout (IL-6 KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were randomly divided into lean, obese (fed a HFD) and trained obese groups (fed a HFD and exercise trained). RESULTS After 20 weeks of HFD feeding and 8 weeks of treadmill running, we found that exercise obviously reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, inhibited visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expansion and almost completely reversed obesity-related intrahepatic fat accumulation in WT mice. However, IL-6 knockout (IL-6 KO) mice are refractory to the benefits of treadmill training on body weight, VAT and SAT mass elevation, and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, a panel of lipolytic-related and thermogenic-related genes, including ATGL, HSL and PGC-1α, was upregulated in the VAT and SAT of WT mice that received exercise training compared with untrained mice, which was not observed in IL-6 KO mice. In addition, exercise training resulted in a significant inhibition of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression in WT mice, and these effects were not noted in IL-6 KO mice. CONCLUSION These results revealed that IL-6 is involved in the prevention of obesity and hepatic fat accumulation during exercise training. The mechanisms underlying these antiobesity effects may be associated with enhanced lipolysis and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue. The improvement in hepatic steatosis by exercise training may benefit from the marked inhibition of PPAR-γ expression by IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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22
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Li H, Dun Y, Zhang W, You B, Liu Y, Fu S, Qiu L, Cheng J, Ripley-Gonzalez JW, Liu S. Exercise improves lipid droplet metabolism disorder through activation of AMPK-mediated lipophagy in NAFLD. Life Sci 2021; 273:119314. [PMID: 33667513 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To emphasize the mechanism of the effect of exercise on lipid droplet (LD) metabolism disorder in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MAIN METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: The first group was fed with a normal diet (CON), the second group was fed a high-fat diet (HF), and finally group with a high-fat diet intervention and swim training (HF-EX). The total intervention period was 16 weeks. RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the effect of exercise on LDs metabolism and the AMPK pathway. Histopathological examinations and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the lipid deposition and lipophagy in the liver. KEY FINDINGS Exercise reduced liver steatosis and insulin resistance along with the stimulation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling and downstream regulation of lipid metabolism. In addition, exercise increased the expression of autophagy marker and colocalization of LC3 and LAMP1 with LDs. SIGNIFICANCE Exercise stimulated AMPK/SIRT1 and activated lipophagy in NAFLD. Enhancing lipophagy may be one of the key mechanisms of regulation and resolution of NAFLD by exercise.
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23
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Vieira RFL, Muñoz VR, Junqueira RL, de Oliveira F, Gaspar RC, Nakandakari SCBR, Costa SDO, Torsoni MA, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, de Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Zaghloul I, Mekary RA, Pauli JR. Time-restricted feeding combined with aerobic exercise training can prevent weight gain and improve metabolic disorders in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Physiol 2021; 600:797-813. [PMID: 33450053 DOI: 10.1113/jp280820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Time-restricted feeding (TRF, in which energy intake is restricted to 8 h/day during the dark phase) alone or combined with aerobic exercise (AE) training can prevent weight gain and metabolic disorders in Swiss mice fed a high-fat diet. The benefits of TRF combined with AE are associated with improved hepatic metabolism and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation. TRF combined with AE training increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased expression of lipogenic and gluconeogenic genes in the liver of young male Swiss mice. TRF combined with AE training attenuated the detrimental effects of high-fat diet feeding on the insulin signalling pathway in the liver. ABSTRACT Time-restricted feeding (TRF) or physical exercise have been shown to be efficient in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders; however, the additive effects of TRF combined with aerobic exercise (AE) training on liver metabolism have not been widely explored. In this study TRF (8 h in the active phase) and TRF combined with AE (TRF+Exe) were compared in male Swiss mice fed a high-fat diet, with evaluation of the effects on insulin sensitivity and expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. As in previous reports, we show that TRF alone (eating only between zeitgeber time 16 and 0) was sufficient to reduce weight and adiposity gain, increase fatty acid oxidation and decrease lipogenesis genes in the liver. In addition, we show that mice of the TRF+Exe group showed additional adaptations such as increased oxygen consumption ( V ̇ O 2 ), carbon dioxide production ( V ̇ C O 2 ) and production of ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate). Also, TRF+Exe attenuated the negative effects of high-fat diet feeding on the insulin signalling pathway (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, Akt), and led to increased fatty acid oxidation (Ppara, Cpt1a) and decreased gluconeogenic (Fbp1, Pck1, Pgc1a) and lipogenic (Srebp1c, Cd36) gene expression in the liver. These molecular results were accompanied by increased glucose metabolism, lower serum triglycerides and reduced hepatic lipid content in the TRF+Exe group. The data presented in this study show that TRF alone has benefits but TRF+Exe has additive benefits and can mitigate the harmful effects of consuming a high-fat diet on body adiposity, liver metabolism and glycaemic homeostasis in young male Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lima Junqueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fellipe de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suleyma de Oliveira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolism Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolism Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LabGeN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iman Zaghloul
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Gaspar RC, Muñoz VR, Nakandakari SCBR, Vieira RFL, da Conceição LR, de Oliveira F, Crisol BM, da Silva AS, Cintra DE, de Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Zaghloul I, Mekary RA, Pauli JR. Aging is associated with increased TRB3, ER stress, and hepatic glucose production in the liver of rats. Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Kang S, Moon MK, Kim W, Koo BK. Association between muscle strength and advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a Korean nationwide survey. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1232-1241. [PMID: 32638541 PMCID: PMC7567158 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between muscle strength and the prevalence of advanced fibrosis among individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a nationwide cross-sectional survey. METHODS Individuals, 20 to 79 years of age, from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) from 2014 to 2016 were selected (N = 14 861), with sample weights applied. Muscle strength was quantified as the handgrip strength divided by the body mass index (BMI); low muscle strength (LMS) was defined as the lowest quartile (Q1 ) of the handgrip strength/BMI for our sample population. NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis index >36. Advanced fibrosis was defined as a fibrosis-4 index score ≥1.30 (FibrosisFIB4 ). RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 45.6 ± 0.2 years, and 42.4% were male. As muscle strength increased, the mean BMI and age decreased accordingly, and the proportions of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and obesity decreased significantly (P < 0.001 for all). In a crude analysis, the LMS was associated with an increased prevalence of NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] 3.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.25-4.03, P < 0.001), which remained significant even after adjustment for age, sex, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.28-2.16, P < 0.001). In this logistic regression model, the prevalence of NAFLD decreased by 24% with each quartile increment in muscle strength (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68-0.85, P < 0.001). Among individuals with NAFLD (n = 2092), LMS was significantly associated with the presence of advanced fibrosis (FibrosisFIB4 ) independently of age, sex, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.01-2.49, P = 0.015), which lost its statistical significance after additional adjustment for insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Low muscle strength is independently associated with NAFLD. The significant association between LMS and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD may be mediated through insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Bae-Gartz I, Kasper P, Großmann N, Breuer S, Janoschek R, Kretschmer T, Appel S, Schmitz L, Vohlen C, Quaas A, Schweiger MR, Grimm C, Fischer A, Ferrari N, Graf C, Frese CK, Lang S, Demir M, Schramm C, Fink G, Goeser T, Dötsch J, Hucklenbruch-Rother E. Maternal exercise conveys protection against NAFLD in the offspring via hepatic metabolic programming. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15424. [PMID: 32963289 PMCID: PMC7508970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal exercise (ME) during pregnancy has been shown to improve metabolic health in offspring and confers protection against the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its underlying mechanism are still poorly understood, and it remains unclear whether protective effects on hepatic metabolism are already seen in the offspring early life. This study aimed at determining the effects of ME during pregnancy on offspring body composition and development of NAFLD while focusing on proteomic-based analysis of the hepatic energy metabolism during developmental organ programming in early life. Under an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD), male offspring of exercised C57BL/6J-mouse dams were protected from body weight gain and NAFLD in adulthood (postnatal day (P) 112). This was associated with a significant activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and PPAR coactivator-1 alpha (PGC1α) signaling with reduced hepatic lipogenesis and increased hepatic β-oxidation at organ programming peak in early life (P21). Concomitant proteomic analysis revealed a characteristic hepatic expression pattern in offspring as a result of ME with the most prominent impact on Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Thus, ME may offer protection against offspring HFD-induced NAFLD by shaping hepatic proteomics signature and metabolism in early life. The results highlight the potential of exercise during pregnancy for preventing the early origins of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Bae-Gartz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kasper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nora Großmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saida Breuer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Kretschmer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmitz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Vohlen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michal R Schweiger
- Translational Epigenetics and Tumor Genetic, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Grimm
- Translational Epigenetics and Tumor Genetic, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nina Ferrari
- Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood and Youth / Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, Department of Movement and Health Promotion, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, Department of Movement and Health Promotion, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian K Frese
- Proteomics Core Facility, CECAD Research Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max-Planck-Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Campus Mitte and Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Fink
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Goeser
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Dantis Pereira de Campos T, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Martins Pereira R, Morelli AP, da Rocha AL, Dos Santos Canciglieri R, Sanchez Ramos da Silva A, Rochete Ropelle E, Pauli JR, Moreira Simabuco F, Esper Cintra D, Pereira de Moura L. Short-Term Combined Exercise Improves Inflammatory Profile in the Retina of Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6099. [PMID: 32847099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess of adipose tissue increases the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, triggering a subclinical inflammatory condition. This inflammatory profile contributes to retina damage, which can lead to retinal dysfunction and reduced vision. Regularly practicing both aerobic and strength exercises is well known for promoting anti-inflammatory effects on different organs in the peripheral and central regions. However, the effects of combined physical exercise (CPE; strength + aerobic) on the inflammatory process in the retina tissue are not yet known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CPE on the inflammatory profile of the retina in obese mice. Swiss mice were distributed into control, sedentary obese, and trained obese groups. The trained obese group was subjected to short-term CPE, 1 h/day, for 7 days. The CPE was composed of aerobic and strength exercises in the same exercise session. The strength exercise protocol consisted of 10 climbing series, with 12 ± 1 dynamic climbing movements at 70% of the maximum voluntary carrying capacity (MVCC), and the aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 30 min of treadmill running, with an intensity of 75% of the exhaust velocity. Subsequently, the retina was excised and analyzed by Western blot. Obese animals presented impairment on glucose homeostasis and elevated levels of proinflammatory proteins in the serum and retina; however, CPE was effective in reversing these parameters, independently of changes in body adiposity. Therefore, for the first time, we have shown that short-term CPE can be an important strategy to treat an inflammatory profile in the retina.
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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Warner SO, Yao MV, Cason RL, Winnick JJ. Exercise-Induced Improvements to Whole Body Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes: The Essential Role of the Liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:567. [PMID: 32982968 PMCID: PMC7484211 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, and the dysfunction of several key glucoregulatory organs. Among these organs, impaired liver function is recognized as one of the earliest contributors to impaired whole-body glucose homeostasis, with well-characterized hepatic insulin resistance resulting in elevated rates of hepatic glucose production (HGP) and fasting hyperglycemia. One portion of this review will provide an overview of how HGP is regulated during the fasted state in healthy humans and how this process becomes dysregulated in patients with T2D. Less well-appreciated is the liver's role in post-prandial glucose metabolism, where it takes up and metabolizes one-third of orally ingested glucose. An abundance of literature has shown that the process of hepatic glucose uptake is impaired in patients with T2D, thereby contributing to glucose intolerance. A second portion of this review will outline how hepatic glucose uptake is regulated during the post-prandial state, and how it becomes dysfunctional in patients with T2D. Finally, it is well-known that exercise training has an insulin-sensitizing effect on the liver, which contributes to improved whole-body glucose metabolism in patients with T2D, thereby making it a cornerstone in the management of the disease. To this end, the impact of exercise on hepatic glucose metabolism will be thoroughly discussed, referencing key findings in the literature. At the same time, sources of heterogeneity that contribute to inconsistent findings in the field will be pointed out, as will important topics for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana O. Warner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael V. Yao
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Cason
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jason J. Winnick
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jason J. Winnick
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dos Santos GF, Veras ASC, de Freitas MC, McCabe J, Seraphim PM, Teixeira GR. Strength training reduces lipid accumulation in liver of obese Wistar rats. Life Sci 2019; 235:116834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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