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Brasileiro Junior V, Nonaka C, Gonzaga A, de Oliveira Ramos C, Pereira Pinto L, Souza L. Immunoexpression of REGγ and apoptosis-related proteins in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:1138-1144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shen M, Wang Q, Xu S, Chen G, Xu H, Li X, Zhao S. Role of oncogenic REGγ in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110614. [PMID: 32935661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a critical global health-care problem with limited therapeutic options. Since cancers are life-threatening illnesses, the identification of a promising oncotarget and its clinical correlates are relevant. Mounting evidence has emerged indicating that REG gamma (REGγ), a member of the 11S proteasome activators, plays a pivotal role in the development of multiple human cancers. However, an elaborate summary on the association between REGγ and cancer is still lacking. In this Review, we discuss how REGγ, through its ATP- and ubiquitin-independent manners, represents a promising cancer biomarker and therapeutic oncotarget for multiple human cancers. Aberrant REGγ expression closely associated with tumorigenesis attributes to its biological functions for controlling and regulating cell cycle, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the cancer cells by degrading proteins of cytosol and nucleus in the eukaryotic cells. REGγ serves as a molecular switch to activate multifarious oncogenic signaling pathways, such as MAPK/p38, TGF-β/Smad, and Wnt/β-catenin. The review describes that targeting REGγ may provide new diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolei Shen
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical School, Shihezi, China
| | - Shuaijun Xu
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Health Company, 69235, Army of PLA, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.
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Yin Z, Jin H, Huang S, Qu G, Meng Q. REG γ knockdown suppresses proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in osteosarcoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8954. [PMID: 32328351 PMCID: PMC7166046 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor with high mortality in children and adolescents. REG γ is overexpressed and plays oncogenic roles in various types of human cancers. However, the expression and potential roles of REG γ in osteosarcoma are elusive. This study aims at exploring possible biological functions of REG γ in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and its underlying mechanism. Methods Quantitativereverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting andimmunohistochemistry (IHC)were performed to detect the expression levels of REG γ in OS tissues and cell lines. Then, the effects of REG γ expression on OS cell proliferation in vitro were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), ethylene deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, flow cytometry. The protein levels of apoptosis and cell-cycle related proteins were evaluated using western blotting. Results In present study, we found for the first time that REG γ is overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines and knockdown of REG γ significantly inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, we observed that p21, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 are increased while the expression of cycinD1 and bcl-2 are decreased after REG γ depletion in osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, REG γ may be involved in the proliferation of osteosarcoma and serve as a novel therapeutic target in patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shibo Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guofan Qu
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilong, China
| | - Qinggang Meng
- Department of Medical Science Institute of Harbin, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilong, China
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Wang X, Meul T, Meiners S. Exploring the proteasome system: A novel concept of proteasome inhibition and regulation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107526. [PMID: 32173559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is a well-identified therapeutic target for cancer treatment. It acts as the main protein degradation system in the cell and degrades key mediators of cell growth, survival and function. The term "proteasome" embraces a whole family of distinct complexes, which share a common proteolytic core, the 20S proteasome, but differ by their attached proteasome activators. Each of these proteasome complexes plays specific roles in the control of cellular function. In addition, distinct proteasome interacting proteins regulate proteasome activity in subcellular compartments and in response to cellular signals. Proteasome activators and regulators may thus serve as building blocks to fine-tune proteasome function in the cell according to cellular needs. Inhibitors of the proteasome, e.g. the FDA approved drugs Velcade™, Kyprolis™, Ninlaro™, inactivate the catalytic 20S core and effectively block protein degradation of all proteasome complexes in the cell resulting in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Efficacy of these inhibitors, however, is hampered by their pronounced cytotoxic side-effects as well as by the emerging development of resistance to catalytic proteasome inhibitors. Targeted inhibition of distinct buiding blocks of the proteasome system, i.e. proteasome activators or regulators, represents an alternative strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review, we stress the importance of the diversity of the proteasome complexes constituting an entire proteasome system. Our building block concept provides a rationale for the defined targeting of distinct proteasome super-complexes in disease. We thereby aim to stimulate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches beyond broad catalytic proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meul
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Yin Z, Peng Z, Wang Z, Meng Q. The oncogenic role of REG γ is exerted by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:563-573. [PMID: 32194904 PMCID: PMC7061849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteasome activator γ (REG γ) expression was found to be upregulated and to play critical roles in several cancers. However, the effect of REG γ on osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to explore the clinical significance of REG γ and its function in regulating the progression of OS. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of REG γ in OS tissues and cell lines. Then, the effects of REG γ expression on OS cell behavior in vitro were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), ethylene deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell assays. The protein and mRNA levels of components involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were evaluated using WB and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS We found that REG γ expression was significantly upregulated in both OS tissues and cell lines. Our in vitro assay results confirmed that knockdown of REG γ inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in OS. Additionally, through WB and qRT-PCR analyses, we found that REG γ depletion markedly decreased the β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-myc expression levels and increased the GSK-3β expression levels in OS cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that REG γ plays an oncogenic role in OS by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, indicating that REG γ may be a promising therapeutic target for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of EducationHarbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin CityHarbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qinggang Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Medical Science Institute of HarbinHarbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Song W, Guo C, Chen J, Duan S, Hu Y, Zou Y, Chi H, Geng J, Zhou J. Silencing PSME3 induces colorectal cancer radiosensitivity by downregulating the expression of cyclin B1 and CKD1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1409-1418. [PMID: 31630568 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219883408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy remains a severe obstacle in the treatment of high-risk colorectal cancer patients. Recent studies have indicated that proteasome activator complex subunit 3 (PSME3) participates in the development and progression of various human malignancies and is proposed to play a role in tumor radioresistance. However, the impact of PSME3 on radioresistance of colorectal cancer has been largely unknown. In the present study, the enhanced expression of PSME3 was observed in colorectal cancer cells and tissue. Upregulation of PSME3 was significantly implicated in lymph node state, lymphovascular invasion, and Dukes' stage. Furthermore, high PSME3 expression was closely linked to poorer overall and progression-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer. The study further demonstrated that the proliferative, invasive and migratory potential of colorectal cancer cells was effectively inhibited in vitro after silencing PSME3. Our results verified that knockdown of PSME3 probably triggered cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by downregulation of cyclinB1 and CDK1, thereby enhancing the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells. These data illustrated that PSME3 is a promising biomarker predictive of colorectal cancer prognosis and silencing of PSME3 may provide with a new approach for sensitizing the radiotherapy in colorectal cancer. Impact statement It is reported that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. At present, the main treatment method of colorectal cancer is surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among them, radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer, surgery, and chemotherapy. Our study found that down-regulation of PSME3 may enhance the radiosensitivity of CRC cells by triggering cell cycle arrest, which suggests that silence PSME3 may provide a new method for improving the radiosensitivity of CRC. What’more, our research also demonstrated that PSME3 may promote proliferation, invasive and migratory potential of CRC cells, which implies that PSME3 might be a biomarker of CRC for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Department of Emergency, Zhumadian Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shiyu Duan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yukun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Bhatti MZ, Pan L, Wang T, Shi P, Li L. REGγ potentiates TGF-β/Smad signal dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in thyroid cancer cells. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109412. [PMID: 31491459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer with an increasing incidence and mortality. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process contributing to tumor progression, metastasis, and the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance. The impact of the REGγ proteasome activator on EMT in human thyroid cancer cells and the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, we found silencing REGγ in thyroid cancer cells inhibited cell migration and invasion, with concurrent upregulation of E-cadherin and Smurf2 expression. Mechanistically, REGγ dependent regulation of Smurf2, an E3 ligase for Smad3, contributed to alteration of Zeb1/2, Snail, Slug, and Twist. Consistently, TGF-β mediated suppression of E-cadherin was attenuated in REGγ deficient cells, coupled with changes in cell morphology, migration and invasion. Furthermore, xenograft metastasis mouse model showed a reduced E-cadherin expression at both mRNA and protein levels, and decreased cell migration. Taken together, our findings provided an important evidence for the role of REGγ in tumor suppression, thereby implicating REGγ as a potential anti-cancer strategy in thyroid cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Linian Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Peilin Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aimed to evaluate the expression of REGg and characterize its clinical significance in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 54 patients with PTC who underwent partial or total thyroidectomy and cervical node dissection for PTC from February 2009 to September 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Thyroid specimens and metastatic lymph nodes from 54 patients and normal thyroid tissues obtained from 13 volunteers were collected and analyzed. Tumor size, T-stage, and lymph nodes metastasis were recorded based on surgical pathology. Immunohistochemical (IHC) technology was performed to analyze REGg protein expression level. Corrections between the expression of REGγ and the clinicopathological factors were analyzed. RESULTS All the normal thyroid tissues were REGg-negative. REGγ was positive in 75.9% (41/54) of PTC tissues, of which 29 cases (29/42, 69.0%) were in T1-T2 stage and 12 cases (12/12,100%) were in T3-T4 stage. Positive REGγ was found in 21 cases (21/24, 87.5%) in T1-T2 stage with lymph nodes metastasis, while 11 cases were in T3-T4 stage with metastases to lymph nodes (11/11, 100%). High level of REGγ expression was significantly correlated with T-stage (P<0.05) and lymph node metastases (P<0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the expression of REGγ and age, sex, tumor size, or tumor multiplicity (P>0.05). Using binary logistic regression model, positive REGγ was identified as a significant independent predictor factor of lymph node metastasis in PTC. CONCLUSIONS High expression of REGg seemed positively correlated with T-stage and lymph node metastasis in PTC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Qi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wei He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Liu S, Zheng LL, Zhu YM, Shen HJ, Zhong Q, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Yao MD, Ou RM, Zhang Q. Knockdown of REGγ inhibits the proliferation and migration and promotes the apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells by downregulating NF-κB signal pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 23:277-283. [PMID: 29020881 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1385194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of REGγ knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and reveal the potential regulatory mechanisms. METHODS The expression of REGγ on myeloma cells of 28 MM patients was detected by Western blot. shRNA-REGγ-1 and shRNA-REGγ-2 were constructed to downregulate REGγ in RPMI-8226 cells. The proliferation, apoptosis and migration of transfected cells were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), flow cytometry and transwell chamber, respectively. The expression of phosphorylated p65 (p-p65), p65, NF-kappa-B inhibitor ε (IkBε), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), B-cell lymphoma xL (Bcl-xL) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in transfected cells was detected by Western blot. Using cycloheximide (CHX), the half-life period of IkBε was detected by Western blot. RESULTS The expression of REGγ was positive in myeloma cells. The proliferation and migration of RPMI-8226 cells were significantly inhibited by shRNA-REGγ-1/shRNA-REGγ-2, while the apoptosis rates were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The expression of p-p65 and IkBε was significantly reduced in RPMI-8226 cells transfected with shRNA-REGγ-1/shRNA-REGγ-2. The degradation of IkBε was significantly lower in RPMI-8226 cells transfected with shRNA-REGγ-1 than the control (longer half-life period). Besides, the expression of MMP2, Bcl-xL and XIAP in RPMI-8226 cells was significantly inhibited by shRNA-REGγ-1/shRNA-REGγ-2. DISCUSSION Knockdown of REGγ may inhibit the proliferation and migration, and promote the apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cells possibly by downregulating NF-κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ling Zheng
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Min Zhu
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Juan Shen
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhong
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- b Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Dong Yao
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ming Ou
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
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Chen S, Wang L, Xu C, Chen H, Peng B, Xu Y, Yao X, Li L, Zheng J. Knockdown of REGγ inhibits proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3787-3795. [PMID: 28861169 PMCID: PMC5575192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer related death among men in western countries. REGγ, a proteasome activator, is reported to play important roles in various human cancers. However, the expression patterns and potential roles of REGγ in prostate cancer have never been reported. In this study, we found for the first time that REGγ is overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines at both protein and mRNA levels. In addition, we demonstrated that knockdown of REGγ significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in PCa cell lines PC-3 and DU145. Moreover, we observed that the expressions of P21 were increased while the levels of cycinD1 and bcl-2 were decreased after knockdown of REGγ in PCa cells. And the stabilization of P21 was enhanced after REGγ knockdown in PC-3 cells. In summary, our findings suggest that REGγ may play important roles in prostate cancer and may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal UniversityShanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
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Yi Z, Yang D, Liao X, Guo F, Wang Y, Wang X. PSME3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition with inducing the expression of CSC markers and immunosuppression in breast cancer. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:87-93. [PMID: 28529105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome activator subunit 3 (PSME3) plays a key role in breast cancer by regulating the cell cycle. However, its role in other pathogenesis-related features of breast cancer is unclear. In this study, we found that overexpression of PSME3 induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contributed to induce the expression of cancer stem cell markers of the MDA-MB-231 cell line, thus increasing the migration, and invasion of the cells. Moreover, overexpression of PSME3 reduced the chemotaxis of CD8+ T cells and induced the apoptosis of T cells in vitro. Furthermore, PSME3 knockdown increased the number of CD8+ T cells in vivo and reduced the subcutaneous tumor growth rate. These findings revealed that PSME3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition with inducing the expression of CSC markers and influencing the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuchun Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Guo J, Hao J, Jiang H, Jin J, Wu H, Jin Z, Li Z. Proteasome activator subunit 3 promotes pancreatic cancer growth via c-Myc-glycolysis signaling axis. Cancer Lett 2017; 386:161-7. [PMID: 27756569 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis among all cancers and novel markers and therapeutic targets are desperately needed for this terribly deadly disease. Proteasome activator subunit 3 (PSME3) is highly involved in the initiation and progression of many human cancers. However, the potential effect of PSME3 on pancreatic cancer remains largely unknown. In the present study, we first found that PSME3 was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues at both mRNA and protein levels using qRT-PCR, western blot analysis, Oncomine data mining and immunohistochemical analysis. High PSME3 expression was positively correlated with tumor size and pM stage, and was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients revealed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that the gene sets related to cell proliferation and metastasis were positively correlated with elevated PSME3 expression. Consistently, silencing of PSME3 suppressed cell proliferation and invasive capacity of pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, PSME3 inhibited the degradation of c-Myc and thus enhanced glycolysis, which ultimately led to the oncogenic effects of PSME3 on pancreatic cancer. Collectively, our data suggest that PSME3 plays oncogenic roles in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting c-Myc degradation to promote glycolysis, and could serve as a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Shi Y, Luo X, Li P, Tan J, Wang X, Xiang T, Ren G. miR-7-5p suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells mainly by targeting REGγ. Cancer Lett 2015; 358:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gruner M, Moncsek A, Rödiger S, Kühnhardt D, Feist E, Stohwasser R. Increased proteasome activator 28 gamma (PA28γ) levels are unspecific but correlate with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:414. [PMID: 25482151 PMCID: PMC4295294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PA28γ (also known as Ki, REG gamma, PMSE3), a member of the ubiquitin-and ATP-independent proteasome activator family 11S, has been proved to show proteasome-dependent and -independent effects on several proteins including tumor suppressor p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and steroid receptor co-activator 3 (SCR-3). Interestingly, PA28γ is overexpressed in pathological tissue of various cancers affecting e. g. breast, bowl and thyroids. Furthermore, anti-PA28γ autoantibodies have been linked to several autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel and sensitive PA28γ sandwich ELISA for the quantification of PA28γ serum levels in patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Methods PA28γ-specific polyclonal antibodies and recombinant His-tagged PA28γ were purified and used to develop a sandwich ELISA for the detection of circulating PA28γ. With this new assay, PA28γ serum levels of patients with various cancers, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) and different connective-tissue diseases (CTD) were compared with healthy control subjects. Anti-PA28γ autoantibodies were additionally confirmed using a newly developed microbead assay. Results The developed PA28γ sandwich ELISA showed a high specificity with a detection limit of 3 ng/ml. A significant up-regulation of circulating PA28γ was detected in the sera of patients with cancer, RA, SS and CTD. A significant correlation was observed dependent on age as well as anti-PA28γ autoantibody levels with circulating PA28γ protein levels. Furthermore, PA28γ serum levels showed a correlation with disease activity in patients with RA under treatment with the T-cell directed biological compound abatacept according to disease activity score 28 (DAS28) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Conclusion The application of PA28γ as a novel biomarker for diagnostic purposes of a specific disease is limited, since elevated levels were observed in different disorders. However, the correlation with disease activity in patients with RA suggests a prognostic value, which needs to be addressed by further studies. Therefore our results show that PA28γ is a useful marker which should be included in studies related to novel treatments, e.g. abatacept. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-414) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eugen Feist
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Autoinflammatory Reference Centre at Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Chai F, Liang Y, Bi J, Chen L, Zhang F, Cui Y, Jiang J. REGγ regulates ERα degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:534-40. [PMID: 25490392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
REGγ is a proteasome coactivator which regulates proteolytic activity in eukaryotic cells. Abundant lines of evidence have showed that REGγ is over expressed in a number of human carcinomas. However, its precise role in the pathogenesis of cancer is still unclear. In this study, by examining 200 human breast cancer specimens, we demonstrated that REGγ was highly expressed in breast cancers, and the expression of REGγ was positively correlated with breast cancer patient estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) status. Moreover, the expression of REGγ was found positively associated with poor clinical features and low survival rates in ERα positive breast cancer patients. Further cell culture studies using MCF7 and BT474 breast cancer cell lines showed that cell proliferation, motility, and invasion capacities were decreased significantly by REGγ knockdown. Lastly, we demonstrated that REGγ indirectly regulates the degradation of ERα protein via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In conclusion, our findings provide the evidence that REGγ expression was positively correlated with ERα status and poor clinical prognosis in ERα positive breast cancer patients. As well, we disclose a new connection between the two molecules that are both highly expressed in most breast cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chai
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiong Bi
- Laboratory of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Chen
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Youhong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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17
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Chai F, Liang Y, Bi J, Chen L, Zhang F, Cui Y, Bian X, Jiang J. High expression of REGγ is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:7834-7843. [PMID: 25550823 PMCID: PMC4270549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
REGgamma (REGγ) has been recently found in several types of human cancer, however, its clinical significance in metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate REGγ expression in both mouse and human breast cancer specimens. We found that in MMTV-PyMT mice, 14 out of 20 (70%) mouse mammary carcinomas were REGγ positive, which was significantly higher than control (0/20, 0%, P < 0.001) and lower than metastatic lung tumour (20/20, 100%, P = 0.027). Further investigation for REGγ expression in 136 human breast cancer tissues with the paired peritumoural normal breast tissues and 140 breast benign disease tissue samples showed that REGγ was undetectable in normal breast tissues and nonmetastatic axillary lymph nodes (ALNs), whereas 111 out of 136 (81.6%) breast cancer tissue samples were REGγ positive, which was significantly higher than breast benign disease tissues (9/140, 6.4%, P < 0.001) and lower than metastatic ALNs (116/116, 100%, P < 0.001). The 5-year disease-free and overall survivals of patients with negative/low level of REGγ were significantly higher than those of patients with high level of REGγ (P < 0.05). Cox regression analyses further indicated that REGγ could serve as a novel independent prognostic factor for breast cancer (OR = 4.369, P = 0.008). Our results suggest that the high expression of REGγ might predict metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chai
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiong Bi
- Laboratory of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Chen
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Youhong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
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Suganya N, Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Subin TS, Krishnamurthi K, Devi SS, Lau K, Sekar TV, Paulmurugan R, Ramkumar KM. Proteomic Identification of Pterostilbene-Mediated Anticancer Activities in HepG2 Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1243-52. [DOI: 10.1021/tx5001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Suganya
- SRM
Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - E. Bhakkiyalakshmi
- SRM
Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T. S. Subin
- Environmental
Health Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - K. Krishnamurthi
- Environmental
Health Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - S. Saravana Devi
- Environmental
Health Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - K. Lau
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter
Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. V. Sekar
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter
Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - R. Paulmurugan
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter
Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - K. M. Ramkumar
- SRM
Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
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Ali A, Wang Z, Fu J, Ji L, Liu J, Li L, Wang H, Chen J, Caulin C, Myers JN, Zhang P, Xiao J, Zhang B, Li X. Differential regulation of the REGγ-proteasome pathway by p53/TGF-β signalling and mutant p53 in cancer cells. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2667. [PMID: 24157709 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome activity is frequently enhanced in cancer to accelerate metastasis and
tumorigenesis. REGγ, a proteasome
activator known to promote p53/p21/p16 degradation, is often overexpressed in cancer
cells. Here we show that p53/TGF-β
signalling inhibits the REGγ–20S proteasome pathway by repressing REGγ expression. Smad3 and p53 interact on the REGγ promoter via the p53RE/SBE region. Conversely, mutant p53 binds to the REGγ promoter and recruits p300. Importantly, mutant p53 prevents Smad3/N-CoR complex
formation on the REGγ promoter,
which enhances the activity of the REGγ–20S proteasome pathway and contributes to mutant
p53 gain of function. Depletion of
REGγ alters the cellular response
to p53/TGF-β signalling in drug
resistance, proliferation, cell cycle progression and proteasome activity. Moreover,
p53 mutations show a positive
correlation with REGγ expression in
cancer samples. These findings suggest that targeting REGγ–20S proteasome for cancer therapy may be applicable to
human tumours with abnormal p53/Smad
protein status. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a link between p53/TGF-β signalling and the REGγ–20S proteasome pathway, and provides
insight into the REGγ/p53 feedback loop. REGγ is a proteasome activator and is frequently overexpressed in
cancer cells. Here Ali et al. demonstrate that p53/TGF-β signalling inhibits
REGγ expression, whereas p53 mutations increase REGγ transcription, identifying a
gain of function for mutant p53.
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Li LP, Cheng WB, Li H, Li W, Yang H, Wen DH, Tang YD. Expression of Proteasome Activator REGγ in Human Laryngeal Carcinoma and Associations with Tumor Suppressor Proteins. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:2699-703. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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