List of priority congenital anomalies for surveillance under the Brazilian Live Birth Information System

Trends in prevalence of gastroschisis in Brazil from 2007 to 2020: A national population-based cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Gastroschisis is a congenital abnormality of the abdominal wall which worldwide prevalence is increasing with time. Up to now, young maternal age is the main factor associated with gastroschisis. Brazil has a great proportion of adolescent mothers.

OBJECTIVES

To estimate prevalence of gastroschisis in Brazil, explore the effect of very young maternal age, and analyze regional distribution and time trends.

METHODS

Cross-sectional population-based study using data from official national information systems from 2007 to 2020, covering 9,831 gastroschisis cases. Low maternal age was assessed as risk factor through odds ratio. Prevalence time trends by maternal age and geographic area were analyzed using joinpoint regression.

RESULTS

Overall prevalence of gastroschisis in Brazil was 2.47 per 10,000 births. From first to last biennium, there was a 23% relative increase. Last biennium prevalence was higher in the Central-west region and lower in the Northeast. Compared to mothers of 20-34 years old (YO), the odds-ratio for prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for gastroschisis were, as follows: (a) 10-14 YO-4.9 (4.3,5.5); (b) 15-19 YO-3.6 (3.5,3.8); and (c) 35-49 YO-0.3 (95% CI 0.3, 0.4).

CONCLUSIONS

Prevalence of gastroschisis in Brazil relatively increased 23% from 2007 to 2020. This happened in all maternal age groups. Differences between regions may be associated to data quality. Young mothers had a higher prevalence of gastroschisis and still higher for those under 15 YO. Mother age over 34 YO was a protective factor.

Frequency of chromosomal syndromes in the Brazilian population between 2017 and 2021

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of chromosomal syndromes in the Brazilian population between 2017 and 2021. Methods: This is an active search of open access databases of the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) from the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 2017 to 2021. For statistical analysis, Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA) was followed by the Bonferroni post-test, considering a significant level of p < 0,05. The chi-square test was used for correlation analysis. Results: The underreporting of congenital anomalies in Brazil has decreased over the last few years, showing significant values; however, those numbers varied between regions. The chromosomal syndromes with the highest incidence were Down Syndrome (76.15%), Edwards and Patau Syndromes (14.59%) grouped in the same ICD-10, with the South and Southeast regions, with an average frequency of 0.07%, as the leader in notifications. The maternal variables with a higher incidence of chromosomal syndromes were women over 35 years of age, with 8 to 11 years of schooling, and married. Conclusion: There was a decrease in the value related to underreporting over the years. The data show a disparity in the notification of chromosomal syndromes between regions and outline the maternal profile of a higher incidence of chromosomal syndromes.