1
|
Salehi M, Saeedi M, Negarandeh R, Savabi A, Lotfizadeh A, Hosseinnataj A, Molania T. Evaluation of caffeic acid mucoadhesive tablets on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:210. [PMID: 38336696 PMCID: PMC10858486 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral aphthous stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition. Numerous medications have been investigated to treat the symptoms of the disease. However, these days patients prefer herbal medicines due to lower side effects. Considering the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-oxidant properties of Caffeic acid and its few side effects, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of Caffeic acid on recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). investigating the effect of caffeic acid mucoadhesive tablets on the size and pain intensity of the aphthous lesions. METHODS in this double-blinded clinical trial study, 47 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenient sampling method. The patients were assigned to two groups randomly; the control group (placebo recipients) and the intervention group (Caffeic acid recipients). Patients were followed up for 7 days following the intervention. The diameter of the inflammatory lesion was measured in millimeters, and the pain intensity was recorded based on the VAS scale (Visual Analogue Scale). This trial was approved by the medical ethics committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Ethical code: IR.MAZUMS.REC.1401.261) and received IRCT code of IRCT20220815055700N1on 03/09/2022. RESULTS the diameter of the lesion in both groups decreased over time, and there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups, except on the fifth day when the diameter of the lesion was significantly greater in the control group (P = 0.012). From the second day, the control group's average pain intensity was significantly higher than the intervention group's pain intensity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS when comparing mucoadhesive tablets containing Caffeic acid and placebo, the findings demonstrated that Caffeic acid has a significant efficacy in reducing aphthous lesions' diameter and pain intensity of the patients and are suggested for palliative oral aphthous lesions treatment since they showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Salehi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Negarandeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Abolfazl Hosseinnataj
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Molania
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jana BK, Singh M, Dutta RS, Mazumder B. Current Drug Delivery Strategies for Buccal Cavity Ailments using Mouth Dissolving Wafer Technology: A Comprehensive Review on the Present State of the Art. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:339-359. [PMID: 36443976 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666221128152010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouth-dissolving wafer is polymer-based matrice that incorporates various pharmaceutical agents for oral drug delivery. This polymeric wafer is ingenious in the way that it needs not be administered with water, like in conventional tablet dosage form. It has better compliance among the pediatric and geriatric groups owing to its ease of administration. OBJECTIVE The polymeric wafer dissolves quickly in the oral cavity and is highly effective for a targeted local effect in buccal-specific ailments. It is a safe, effective, and versatile drug delivery carrier for a range of drugs used to treat a plethora of oral cavity-specific ailments that inflict common people, like thrush, canker sores, periodontal disease, benign oral cavity tumors, buccal neoplasm, and malignancies. This review paper focuses thoroughly on the present state of the art in mouth-dissolving wafer technology for buccal drug delivery and targeting. Moreover, we have also addressed present-time limitations associated with wafer technology to aid researchers in future developments in the arena of buccal drug delivery. CONCLUSION This dynamic novel formulation has tremendous future implications for designing drug delivery systems to target pernicious ailments and diseases specific to the buccal mucosa. In a nutshell, this review paper aims to summarize the present state of the art in buccal targeted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bani Kumar Jana
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India
| | - Rajat Subhra Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
G P, Ramalingam K, Ramani P. Unveiling the Unspoken: Exploring Oral Manifestations of Psychological Disorders. Cureus 2024; 16:e52967. [PMID: 38406056 PMCID: PMC10894318 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological variables also interact closely with several tissues and systems leading to several diseases. The oral cavity is also linked to potential physical manifestations of psychological origin. Oral symptoms such as facial pain, oral dysaesthesia, extreme palatal erosion, or self-inflicted harm are perhaps the first or sole signs of mental health issues. It is crucial to remember that oral symptoms are frequently complex. Different people may respond differently to psychological variables and varied oral health. It is essential for dentists and medical professionals to recognize and resolve these vital problems. In this review, we have summarized the changes to oral mucosa and hard tissues and other pain disorders associated with psychological factors. Oral manifestations of a few known psychological disorders are also enumerated. This review emphasizes the role of the dentist in identifying the underlying psychological factors with oral changes. In conclusion, continuous dental care should be insisted on for patients with known mental illness to improve their quality of life. Oral health should be taken into account as part of the heightened emphasis on the overall physical well-being of those suffering from severe mental illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini G
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rahimi MJ, Mirakhori F, Zelmanovich R, Sedaros C, Lucke-Wold B, Rainone G, Ghaedi A, Khanzadeh S. Diagnostic Significance of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14:dpc.1401a46. [PMID: 38364388 PMCID: PMC10868861 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1401a46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a prevalent ulcerative condition affecting oral mucosa. OBJECTIVES A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare the level of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) between individuals with RAS and those who are healthy. METHODS A systematic search for relevant publications before June 21, 2022, was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The results were presented as the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effects due to the presence of significant heterogeneity. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Overall, 13 article with were included in the analysis. NLR was higher among patients with RAS compared to healthy controls (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = -0.20 to 0.79, P = 0.001, I2 = 91.5%). In the subgroup analysis based on the study design, it was found that retrospective studies showed higher levels of NLR in patients with RAS compared to healthy controls (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI= 0.16 to 1.08, P < 0.01), but these results were not applied to prospective studies (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.74, P < 0.07). CONCLUSION Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio revealed crosstalk between systematic inflammation and RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Rahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arshin Ghaedi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Khanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Samiraninezhad N, Kazemi H, Rezaee M, Gholami A. Effect of lactobacillus reuteri-derived probiotic nano-formulation on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1019. [PMID: 38114936 PMCID: PMC10729528 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of a topical probiotic nano-formulation derived from Lactobacillus reuteri on treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 participants were randomly allocated into two groups (control and probiotic). Probiotic group administered topical probiotic nano-formulation three times a day for seven days. The control group administered a standard analgesic oral rinse. The size of ulcer(s) and pain severity were recorded on days 0, 3, 5, and 7 after intervention. RESULTS Before the intervention, the groups had no significant differences in terms of pain severity (P-value = 0.28) and lesion size (P-value = 0.24). Both groups exhibited significant reductions in pain severity and lesion size over the course of the intervention. After one week, the probiotic group had a notably larger lesion size reduction than the control group (P-value = 0.01). The probiotic group also showed a significantly greater reduction in pain severity than the control group (P-value = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Applying topical probiotic nano-formulation derived from Lactobacillus reuteri three times a day decreased lesion size and pain severity in RAS patients faster than the local analgesic oral rinse. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lactobacillus reuteri-derived probiotic nano-formulation might be a promising treatment option for RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hojat Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oluwadaisi AM, Aborisade AO, Oyetola EO, Owotade FJ, Agho ET. Hematological parameters, obesity, stress and oxidant - antioxidant indicators in patients with or without recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A case control study. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 124:101654. [PMID: 37838166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a frequent chronic disease of the oral cavity that affects 5-25 % of the population with a plethora of predisposing factors. Despite its equivocal etiology, immune alterations, hematologic deficiencies and oxidative stress has been reported to be significant etiologic factors. Stress and obesity are other environmental factors that have been studied to understand associations with RAS. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association of stress, hematologic parameters, oxidative indices and other selected salivary factors in a case control study on RAS Methods: Twenty-two participants each in both case and control groups were recruited with saliva and serum samples collected from them after a self-administered Recent Life Changing Questionnaire (RLCQ). OHI-S and salivary flow rate (SFR) were calculated with selected hematologic parameters and oxidative indices such as Total oxidant (TOS) and anti-oxidant (TAS) levels and their ratio - Oxidative Stress Index (OSI). Anti-oxidative indices of Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity (GsPHx) were also estimated. RESULTS The RAS group had a significantly higher RLCQ scores at a median of 145 more than the control (57.5). There was no significant in their obesity indices, however there was a significant higher mean in the ESR (p< 0.0001) and Vit B12 (p = 0.0001); OHI-S was also significantly higher in the RAS group with a median of 1.65. Both the salivary and serum TOS were significantly higher in the RAS (10.0 ± 3.8, 15.4 ± 8.9) compared to the control group (7.92 ± 1.49, 9.56 ± 3.5). GsPHx activity was significantly higher in both the saliva and serum in the control group (0.08 ± 0.08, 0.19 ± 0.11) while nil significant difference was found in the FRAP activity. Regression showed most important variables to be the salivary GsPHx activity, followed by serum OSI and GsPHx activity. CONCLUSION The oxidative indices of TOS, TAS and GsPHx can serve as significant biomarkers in detecting RAS. This further corroborates the role of immune dysregulation in the etiology and predisposition to RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi M Oluwadaisi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complexes, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adetayo O Aborisade
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/ Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Elijah O Oyetola
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complexes, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Foluso J Owotade
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complexes, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ekhosuehi T Agho
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Conejero Del Mazo R, García Forcén L, Navarro Aguilar ME. [Recurrent aphthous stomatitis]. Med Clin (Barc) 2023; 161:251-259. [PMID: 37357066 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common clinical disease of the oral mucosa. Its prevalence in the general population varies between 5 and 25%, with its peak appearance in the second decade of life. So far, the etiopathogenesis is not clear. In genetically predisposed patients, the effect of certain triggering factors would initiate the proinflammatory cytokine cascade directed against certain regions of the oral mucosa. Ulcers are round or oval with well-defined erythematous margins and a shallow ulcerated center covered with a gray or yellowish fibrinous pseudomembrane. The ulcers may reappear at intervals of a few days and months. Given the appearance of periodic thrush in the oral mucosa, the first thing to do is to make a correct differential diagnosis, rule out associated systemic diseases and assess treatable causes before reaching the diagnosis of RAS. At present, there is no curative treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura García Forcén
- Centro de Salud Ejea de los Caballeros, Ejea de los Caballeros, Zaragoza, España
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bhargava S, Dubey SP, Haldipur D, Hathiram B, Jagtap C, Khattar V, Kulkarni SV, Kotamkar A, Muralidharan P, Kumar P, Qamra A, Ramadhin A, Venkatraman S. Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: An Indian Expert Consensus. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:2672-2680. [PMID: 37636607 PMCID: PMC10447672 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by painful, oral mucosal ulcers with wide range of prevalence ranging from 2 to 78%. Etiology of RAS is idiopathic and multifactorial. There are numerous gaps in assessment and management of RAS and the absence of guidelines or a consensus document makes the treatment further difficult. The aim of this document is to provide an Indian expert consensus for management of RAS. Experts from different specialties such as Otorhinolaryngology, Oral Medicine/Dentistry and Internal Medicine from India were invited for face to face and online meetings. After a deliberate discussion of current literature, evidence and clinical practice during advisory meetings, experts developed a consensus for management of RAS. We identify that the prevalence of RAS may lie between 2 and 5%. In defining RAS, we advocate three or more recurrences of aphthous ulcers per year as criterion for RAS. Investigation should include basic hematological (complete blood count) and nutritional (serum vitamin B12, and iron studies) parameters. Primary aim of treatment is to reduce the pain, accelerate ulcer healing, reduce the recurrences and improve the quality of life. In treating RAS, initial choice of medications is determined by pain intensity, number and size of ulcers and previous number of recurrences. Topical and systemic agents can be used in combination for effective relief. In conclusion, this consensus will help physicians and may harmonize effective diagnosis and treatment of RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bachi Hathiram
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, TN Medical College and Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Charuhas Jagtap
- Consultant ENT Surgeon, Vertigo and Deafness Specialist, Jagtap Hospital, Dhule, India
| | - Vicky Khattar
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, TN Medical College and Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Shriram Vasant Kulkarni
- Associate Professor of Medicine, , MGM Medical College and UHS, Kamathe,, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ashwin Kotamkar
- Medical Affairs, Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Amit Qamra
- Medical Affairs, Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sreenivasan Venkatraman
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College, Navi Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Magsoosi MJN, Al-Asadi OKB, Al-Quraine NT, Sami SM, Haider J. Oral Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study of Recovered Iraqi Patients. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:4288182. [PMID: 36845630 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4288182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of oral manifestations related to COVID-19 infection among a sample of recovered patients in the Basrah province of Iraq. Methodology. This cross-sectional study included a total of 574 individuals from Basrah city, Iraq (196 males and 378 females), who had been previously infected with COVID-19. A questionnaire was developed and used to record the demographic data, medical history, severity of respiratory infection followed by hospitalization along with oral signs and symptoms that occurred during the COVID-19 infection and their persistence after recovery. Results Oral manifestations were reported in 88.3% of the studied sample. The most common oral manifestation was ageusia (66.8%), followed by dry mouth (59%), gustatory changes (46%), dysphagia (40.5%), burning sensation (20.8%), oral ulceration (14.5%), and gingival bleeding (3.3%). The findings suggested that ageusia was the only symptom that persisted following recovery from the COVID-19 infection. The results showed a significant statistical correlation between the incidence of oral manifestations and the severity of COVID-19 infection followed by hospitalization. A significant correlation was also found between the age groups and COVID-19 oral manifestations, whereas no significant statistical relationship was observed between gender, smoking, and systemic diseases. Conclusions COVID-19 infection has considerable impacts on the oral cavity and salivary glands and after recovery from the infection, some patients continue to complain of ageusia for several months. There is a positive correlation between the incidence of oral signs and symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection and the severity of the infection.
Collapse
|
10
|
Verma S, Srikrishna K, Srishti, Shalini K, Sinha G, Srivastava P. Recurrent Oral Ulcers and Its Association With Stress Among Dental Students in the Northeast Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Survey. Cureus 2023; 15:e34947. [PMID: 36939443 PMCID: PMC10019935 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The term "aphthous" is derived from the Greek word "aphtha," which means ulceration. The cause of aphthous ulcers is multifactorial, but emotional stress is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence in young individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of recurrent oral ulcers (ROUs) with stress among dental students in the Northeast Indian Population. Materials and methods A total of 1,134 students were recruited for the study. Two sets of questionnaires were designed. The first set consisted of 11 questions related to demographic data and information about recurrent oral ulcers. The second set of questionnaire had 14 questions related to stress symptoms. Google Forms (Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) was used for recording the responses of the study participants. Questionnaires were sent to the participants through e-mail, and responses were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA) and Microsoft Office Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA). The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Results Among the 1,134 participants, 32.7% (371 students) reported a previous history of recurrent oral ulcers. Out of 371 participants who had given a history of oral ulcers, only 27.2% exhibited direct stress to ulcer association. On further assessment using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), it was found that a far greater percentage of students (i.e., more than 27.2%) were under some form of stress or the other. Conclusions The results of this study will help improve the quality of life among the study population, either by tackling their stress levels or by identifying adequate interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Verma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - K Srikrishna
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Srishti
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Kumari Shalini
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Gunjan Sinha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Parul Srivastava
- Department of Dentistry, Mahesh Ratna Eye and Dental Care and Research Center, Patna, IND
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sarruf MBJM, Quinelato V, Sarruf GJM, Oliveira HE, Calasans-Maia JA, Quinelato H, Aguiar T, Casado PL, Cavalcante LMA. Stress as worsening of the signs and symptoms of the geographic tongue during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:565. [PMID: 36463206 PMCID: PMC9719625 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographic Tongue (GT) is a benign inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, which is characterized by the loss of epithelium due to the atrophy of filiform papillae. It usually occurs on the dorsum of the tongue and may extend to its lateral edges. It appears as an erythematous area surrounded by whitish and slightly elevated margins. In most cases, the condition is asymptomatic, although some individuals may report symptoms that include a burning sensation of the tongue. OBJECTIVE Assess whether there was a change in the clinical aspect of Geographic Tongue (GT) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Thirty-two participants were recruited from Dentistry School Universidade Federal Fluminense. Anamnesis and oral examination were performed to collect medical history. The participants were split into two groups: control group (no GT) n = 20 and test group (with GT) n = 12. In the second step, nine participants from a 12 (75%) of the test group were contacted by phone and answered a questionnaire about changes in the signs and symptoms of GT during the pandemic. The subjects were subdivided into two groups: GT with and without signs and symptoms exacerbation. RESULTS In the first phase of the research, no statistical difference between control and test groups was observed regarding clinical criteria such as age (p + 0.72), gender (p = 0.24), and systemic diseases (p = 0.58). In the second phase, there was a statistical difference between GT groups with or without symptom exacerbation in terms of age and stress as a factor of the oral symptoms (p = 0.3 and 0.2), respectively. Younger patients showed a worsening of the oral lesions related to GT (p = 0.3) and reported stress during the pandemic (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Younger patients were more susceptible to stress and presented more exacerbation of the oral lesions related to GT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beatriz Jordão Moreira Sarruf
- grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Mario Santos Braga St, 28, Center, Niterói, RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Valquiria Quinelato
- grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Mario Santos Braga St, 28, Center, Niterói, RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Jordão Moreira Sarruf
- grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Mario Santos Braga St, 28, Center, Niterói, RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Henrique Eduardo Oliveira
- grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Mario Santos Braga St, 28, Center, Niterói, RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Jose Albuquerque Calasans-Maia
- grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Mario Santos Braga St, 28, Center, Niterói, RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Hilka Quinelato
- Inter-American Faculty of Social Sciences (FICS), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Telma Aguiar
- grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Mario Santos Braga St, 28, Center, Niterói, RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Priscila Ladeira Casado
- grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Mario Santos Braga St, 28, Center, Niterói, RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| | - Larissa Maria Assad Cavalcante
- grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Mario Santos Braga St, 28, Center, Niterói, RJ 24020-140 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Taheri MH, Eshraqi AM, Anwari A, Stanikzai AM. Prevalence of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers Among Dentistry Students' in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Questionnaire-Based Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2022; 14:275-279. [PMID: 36132195 PMCID: PMC9482951 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s378171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the mouth’s most common and painful inflammatory ulcerative condition, also called aphthae or canker sores. Its prevalence is about 20% and predisposition factors involve genetics, environmental factors, and immune dysfunctions. Objective Reviewing the literature and no study was found to show the prevalence and associated factors of recurrent aphthous ulceration in the context of Afghanistan. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the lifetime prevalence and associated factors of recurrent aphthous ulceration among dentistry students at Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Afghanistan. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among 223 dentistry students. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed to find the association. Results The prevalence of (RAS) in our sample group was 30%. (68.7%) of participants had one or more family members who experienced aphthous ulcers and the association was found to be significant (X2 = 134.940; p < 0, 05). (81%) of participants experienced the condition to eating certain types of food (X2 = 165.906; p < 0, 05) and (53.7%) of them reported the same about trauma (X2 = 99.958; p < 0, 05). Regarding stress the difference was also statistically significant (X2 = 56.830; p < 0, 05). Conclusion We found that a considerable proportion of the study sample had experienced recurrent aphthous ulceration. Family history, stress, trauma, and dietary factors have an impact on the occurrence of RAS with no association with gender and smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Maisam Eshraqi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Abdurrahman Anwari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dhopte A, Bagde H. Comparative Evaluation of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Topical Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Subjects. Cureus 2022; 14:e25564. [PMID: 35785006 PMCID: PMC9249049 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), sometimes known as canker sores, is an infection of the oral mucous membranes caused by an inflammatory process. Triamcinolone and low-level laser therapy for recurrent aphthous ulcers were studied in this research, which evaluated their clinical efficacy. Methodology Among 60 subjects, 54 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria with an age range between 16 and 46 years. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, the control group who received four times daily topical application of triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% and the test group who underwent a single application of low-level laser therapy on three alternate days. Evaluations were done on day 1, day 3, day 5, and day 10. Data obtained on oral-health-related quality of life (OHR-QoL) using the OHR-QoL questionnaire were used as baseline data. Clinical parameters like pain score were assessed using a visual analog scale, ulcer size using UNC-15 probe, and erythema and healing score were evaluated using erythema and healing scale. Result According to the OHR-QoL data, there was no statistically significant difference in the quality of life of test and control subjects. We found that pain and ulcer size reduced considerably (p=0.007) from the first day to the third day (p=0.000), and then dropped significantly again (p=0.000) on days 3-10 (p=0.000). On days 3 and 5, the test group showed significant reductions in pain and erythema (p=0.13), as well as an improvement in ulcer healing when compared to the control group. On days 3 and 5, the size of the ulcers decreased similarly in the control and test groups. On the 10th day, patients in both groups had less discomfort, erythema, and ulcer size, as well as improved healing of the ulcer. Conclusion Pain and erythema reduction and ulcer healing improvement were significantly higher in subjects in the test group as compared to those in the control group by day 3. The reduction in ulcer size was comparable to the control group on days 3 and 5, while the complete reduction in ulcer size was seen in both groups by day 10.
Collapse
|
14
|
Vuletic M, Papic M, Zivanovic S, Papic M. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis – An Overview. Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous ulcers are common painful mucosal conditions affecting the oral cavity. Despite their high prevalence and knowledge of many etiological factors, the exact mechanism of disease is still not fully understood. There are three different clinical forms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the therapy differs depending on it.
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current knowledge about the possible causes and treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. We discuss its pathogenesis which is currently the least explained in the literature. This review offers scientists and clinicians useful information about clinical presentation, diagnosis, predisposing aetiological factors and recent trends in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Wang X, Wang K, Liu Z, Lv X, Wang M, Sun S. Fire needle for recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28731. [PMID: 35147094 PMCID: PMC8830842 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), are common inflammatory lesions of the oral mucous, usually round or ovoid, circumscribed by erythematous haloes with a yellow-grey floor and mostly painful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fire needle in the treatment of RAS. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched by 2 reviewers from the inception until December 2021. The original study that randomized control trials of fire needle for RAS will be selected and is not limited by country or language. In addition, researches in progress, the reference lists and the citation lists of identified publications will be retrieved similarly. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment of the quality will be performed independently by 2 reviewers who have been trained prior to data extraction. A meta-analysis will be conducted if the quantity and quality of the original studies included are satisfactory; otherwise, a descriptive analysis will be conducted. Review Manager V5.4 software will be using for data synthesis and assessment of the risk of bias according to Cochrane Handbook. RESULTS This study will provide a comprehensive review of current evidence for the treatment of fire needle on RAS. CONCLUSION The conclusion of this study will provide a judging basis that whether the treatment of RAS with fire needle is effective. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY2021120118.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingxin Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoya Lv
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shoudan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yasen Z. The role of the dental team during the COVID-19 pandemic. BDJ Team 2022. [PMCID: PMC8781693 DOI: 10.1038/s41407-022-0799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Kumar A, Kashyap D. Apthous ulcers: Its prevalence and distribution according to gender and site in different age groups-A descriptive study. Saint Int Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sidj.sidj_4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
18
|
Natto ZS, Afeef M, Khalil D, Kutubaldin D, Dehaithem M, Alzahrani A, Ashi H. Characteristics of Oral Manifestations in Symptomatic Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study on a Sample of the Saudi Population. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9547-9553. [PMID: 34916836 PMCID: PMC8670857 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s331611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Few case reports and letters to the editor have been published regarding oral signs and symptoms in COVID-19 patients. The aim of the study therefore is to investigate different types of oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients as well as their prevalence. Patients and Methods The study is a cross-sectional study from a single medical center. A convenience sample was taken from all patients who were COVID-19 confirmed, symptomatic, and non-hospitalized. Demographic information, medical and travel history, general symptoms, and clinical examination results of the oral cavity were collected. Results This study included a total of 109 patients. Loss of taste was the most common oral manifestation of COVID-19 (43.4%), followed by erythema/desquamated gingivitis and coated tongue (7.3% each) and ulcers/blisters (6.4%). Loss of taste was the only symptom persisting for 10 days. Oral manifestations appeared as a single symptom (79.3%), and dorsum of tongue was the most common oral location (72.4%). Conclusion Loss of taste was the most prevalent specific reported oral manifestation. Other nonspecific oral lesions/symptoms are controversial. It has been suggested that oral examinations of COVID-19 patients should be conducted as part of routine examinations to investigate any possible correlation between the disease and the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwah Afeef
- Study & Research Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Khalil
- Transformation & Planning Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Specialized Dental Center, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Kutubaldin
- Specialized Dental Center, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Dehaithem
- Specialized Dental Center, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alzahrani
- Specialized Dental Center, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shavakhi M, Sahebkar A, Shirban F, Bagherniya M. The efficacy of herbal medicine in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 36:672-685. [PMID: 34816511 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review was undertaken with the main aim of assessing the therapeutic effects of herbal medicines in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to July 2021 to identify randomized clinical trials investigated the effects of herbal medicines on RAS. Thirty-three papers comprising 2,113 patients met the eligibility criteria, of which 30 studies had a high quality based on the Jadad scale. Totally, 22 out of 30 studies which assessed the pain showed that herbal agents significantly decreased the pain compared with the control group or placebo. In 17 out of 25 studies that evaluated ulcer size, herbal agents significantly reduced the size of ulcers compared with the control or placebo groups. In 15 out of 18 studies that assessed the healing time, herbal agents significantly reduced healing time in the intervention groups compared with the placebo or control groups. Few adverse events were reported only in four studies. Findings of the current review indicated medicinal plants and phytochemicals as effective and safe agents that for the treatment of RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Shavakhi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farinaz Shirban
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zarpellon A, Matuck BF, Dolhnikoff M, Duarte-Neto AN, Maia G, Gomes SC, Sendyk DI, Souza SCOM, Mauad T, Saldiva PHN, Braz-Silva PH, da Silva LFF. Oral lesions and SARS-CoV-2: A postmortem study. Oral Dis 2021; 28 Suppl 2:2551-2555. [PMID: 34634156 PMCID: PMC8661960 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Zarpellon
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno F Matuck
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amaro N Duarte-Neto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,São Paulo Autopsy Service, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Maia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara C Gomes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel I Sendyk
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana C O M Souza
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F F da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,São Paulo Autopsy Service, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ossama M, Lamie C, Tarek M, Wagdy HA, Attia DA, Elmazar MM. Management of recurrent aphthous ulcers exploiting polymer-based Muco-adhesive sponges : in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:87-99. [PMID: 33342321 PMCID: PMC7758044 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1858999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is a well-known painful, inflammatory disease with uncertain etiology for which local symptomatic therapy is only available. The aim of this study was to formulate and characterize muco-adhesive sponges containing a mixture of tenoxicam and miconazole nitrate to manage pain, inflammation and avoid candida infection that may accompany RAU due to poor oral hygiene. Two polymers at different concentrations were used to prepare sponges applying simple freeze-drying. Medicated chitosan (2%) sponges (mC2) showed acceptable physical appearance, surface pH (6.3 ± 0.042), porosity (25.7% ± 1.8), swelling index (5.7 ± 0.11), in-vivo and ex-vivo muco-adhesion time (115 min.±0.813 and 155 min.±1.537, respectively), ex-vivo muco-adhesion force (0.09 N ± 0.002) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. For concurrent clear-cut determination of tenoxicam and miconazole nitrate from mC2, a new UPLC method was developed and validated. mC2 sponges exhibited superior in-vitro drug release profiles where ∼100% of tenoxicam released within 5 min for fast pain relief with a more prolonged miconazole nitrate release. Furthermore, in-vivo animal study revealed that mC2 caused a significant decrease in the acetic acid-induced ulcer size in rats after 6 days of treatment (p < .0001) compared to negative and positive controls. Additionally, histopathological examination showed faster healing with complete restoration of the normal oral histology in rats. The present study concludes that chitosan sponge loaded with a combination of tenoxicam and miconazole nitrate could improve healing of RAU cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ossama
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Caroline Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tarek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah A Wagdy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elmazar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hanna K, Nair R, Amarasena N, Armfield JM, Brennan DS. Temporomandibular dysfunction experience is associated with oral health-related quality of life: an Australian national study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:432. [PMID: 34488735 PMCID: PMC8422667 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are very few studies of the association between temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a representative sample from the Asia–Pacific region. Accordingly, we aimed to quantify the association of TMD with OHRQoL dimensions and overall measurement scores in a representative sample of Australian adults while accounting for a range of confounders, and statistically estimating whether TMD experience is meaningfully associated with OHRQoL.
Method Australia’s National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004–2006 data were used. The outcome variables were the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) domains and overall scores while the main exposure was self-reported Diagnostic Criteria Question for TMD. The analysis accounted for confounders including oral health status obtained from the oral examination, demographics, socioeconomics, health behaviours and health including perceived stress subscales of the PSS-14. We conducted complex samples analysis while using Cohen’s f2 effect size to estimate whether the association is meaningful. Results TMD prevalence was 9.9% (95% CI: 8.4–11.6%) among 4133 Australian adults. TMD experience was associated with impairments to the seven OHIP-14 OHRQoL domains (P < .05) with higher impairments observed in physical pain (B = 0.82, 95% CI: .45–1.20, P < .001), psychological discomfort (B = 0.68, 95% CI: .29–1.06, P = .001) and psychological disability (B = 0.52, 95% CI: .20–.84, P = .001) in adjusted multivariate analyses. The difference in the mean OHIP-14 scores for those reporting TMD (Mean = 13.1, 95% CI: 12.0–14.0) and those who did not (Mean = 6.6, 95% CI: 6.0–6.8) was significant (t = 7.51, P < .001). In an adjusted multivariable model for OHIP-14 scores, TMD experience was associated with higher OHIP-14 scores (B = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.94–4.75, P < .001) where the Cohen’s f2 was .022. Further, perceived stress subscales: perceived distress and perceived control were associated with TMD experience and OHIP-14 scores (P < .05). Conclusion Lower OHRQoL was observed in Australian adults who reported TMD experience but with small clinical importance which might support considering TMD in regular dental care. The higher impairments observed in physical pain, psychological discomfort and psychological disability domains of OHRQL can help clinicians and researchers focus their attention on these domains. The confounding effect exhibited by the perceived stress subscale might support their inclusion in future TMD and OHRQoL research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01773-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hanna
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Level 9 AHMS, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Rahul Nair
- Quality and Safety of Oral Health Care Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Najith Amarasena
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Level 9 AHMS, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jason M Armfield
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David S Brennan
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Level 9 AHMS, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mirzaei M, Zarabadipour M, Mirzadeh M. Evaluation the relationship between psychological profile and salivary cortisol in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:50. [PMID: 34429870 PMCID: PMC8351933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases which are diagnosed with recurrent and painful ulcers. The possible association between psychological factors and salivary stress related factors in patients with aphthous ulcers has been discussed in various studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary cortisol level, anxiety, and depression in patients with RAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case control study, 30 patients with RAS and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled by matching their age and sex. Anxiety and depression were assessed by beck anxiety inventory and beck depression inventory. Unstimulated saliva of both groups were collected and then tested by DiaMetra kit and the ELISA method. Data were analyzed by SPSS using an Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. A statistical significance level of <0.05 was considered. RESULTS The mean salivary cortisol in the case group was 5.35 ng/ml and in the control group was 4.73 ng/ml which was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in anxiety and depression level between the two groups (P > 0.05). According to Spearman correlation coefficient, there was an average, negative, and significant correlation between salivary cortisol and anxiety and depression scores in the case group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that, although the mean salivary cortisol was slightly higher in patients with aphthous lesions, anxiety, and depression were not possible factors for RAS. There was a moderate, negative correlation between salivary cortisol level and stress and anxiety in patients with RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mirzaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Zarabadipour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mahdieh Zarabadipour, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd., Qazvin, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Monirsadat Mirzadeh
- Department of Community Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shi Y, Wang S, Yu S, Lin GN, Song W. Psychological factors as the risk factor of mouth ulcers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:1556-1568. [PMID: 33673741 DOI: 10.1177/1359105321999697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether psychological traits (PT) had causal effects on Mouth Ulcers (MU), we applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to genetics association summary statistics of eleven PT and MU. After the adjustment of outlier variants, genetic correlations and multiple testing, well-being (WB) spectrum PT like life satisfactory (odds ratio [OR] = 0.638 per one standard deviation increment of PT score) had protective effects on MU. Reverse WB traits like neuroticism (OR = 1.60) increased the risk of MU. The lack of well-being characteristics may increase the risk of MU, which highlighted the value of preventive oral care for people who have a reverse mental condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Shi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, China
| | - Guan Ning Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, China
| | - Weichen Song
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gondivkar SM, Gadbail AR, Sarode SC, Hedaoo A, Dasgupta S, Sharma B, Sharma A, Yuwanati M, Gondivkar RS, Gaikwad RN, Sarode GS, Patil S. Oral Psychosomatic Disorders in Family Caregivers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:477-483. [PMID: 33639663 PMCID: PMC8190361 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the oral psychosomatic disorders (PSDs) in family caregivers (FCs) of oral cancer (OC) patients and to evaluate the correlation between these oral PSDs to severity of depression anxiety and stress. Methods: A total of 50 participants were included each in first degree relative (FDR), second degree relative (SDR) and control group. All the participants completed DASS-21 questionnaire and were subjected to thorough clinical history and oral examination. Results: All the FCs reported statistically significant higher mean levels of depression, anxiety and stress compared to controls (p˂0.001). A significantly greater number of FCs (40.00%) reported oral PSDs than control group (12.00%). Most prevalent oral PSD in FCs was aphthous stomatitis followed by oral lichen planus, bruxism, burning mouth syndrome and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Moreover, there was a preponderance of these diseases in FDR (60.86%) compared to SDR (26.08%). FCs with moderate to very severe depression, anxiety and stress showed higher prevalence of these oral PSDs compared to the ones with mild depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion: The observations of higher prevalence of oral PSDs in FCs with psychological alterations can enhance healthcare professionals’ awareness to better understand FCs’ oral healthcare needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh M Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol R Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Amol Hedaoo
- Rashtra Sant Tukdoji Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (Tertiary care cancer centre), Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Subhrajit Dasgupta
- Rashtra Sant Tukdoji Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (Tertiary care cancer centre), Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Balkrishna Sharma
- Rashtra Sant Tukdoji Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (Tertiary care cancer centre), Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Apparna Sharma
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Monal Yuwanati
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, College of Dental Science & Research Centre, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rima S Gondivkar
- Independent Researcher, Aarti regency, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Manewada Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Rahul N Gaikwad
- Department of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Shankar Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi Y, Wei K, Lu J, Wei J, Hu X, Chen T. A Clinic Trial Evaluating the Effects of Aloe Vera Fermentation Gel on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2020:8867548. [PMID: 33354266 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8867548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common disorder in the oral mucosa that affects the daily quality of life of patients, and there is currently no specific treatment. In the present study, we developed aloe vera fermentation gel under the action of probiotics on aloe vera. In total, 35 patients with the history of aphthous stomatitis were enrolled to explore the potential benefits of aloe vera fermentation gel to treat RAS, and the healing-promotion effects were recorded and compared; microbial compositions in different groups were tested by high-throughput sequencing. Our results indicated that the duration of healing time of the aloe group showed potentially better effects because of the higher proportion of 4-6 day healing time (35% vs. 20%) and lower proportion of 7-10 day healing time (65% vs. 80%) compared with that of the chitosan group. Also, the use of aloe vera fermentation gel could return oral bacteria to normal levels and reduce the abundance of harmful oral bacteria including Actinomyces, Granulicatella, and Peptostreptococcus. These results suggest that aloe vera fermentation gel has the ability to treat patients with RAS and has positive prospects in clinical applications.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang K, Ding L, Yang C, Hao X, Wang C. Exploring the Relationship Between Psychiatric Traits and the Risk of Mouth Ulcers Using Bi-Directional Mendelian Randomization. Front Genet 2020; 11:608630. [PMID: 33424931 PMCID: PMC7793678 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.608630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association between mouth ulcers and psychiatric traits has been reported by observational studies, their causal relationship remains unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR), powered by large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), provides an opportunity to clarify the causality between mouth ulcers and psychiatric traits. Methods We collected summary statistics of mouth ulcers (sample size n = 461,106) and 10 psychiatric traits from the largest publicly available GWAS on Europeans, including anxiety disorder (n = 83,566), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 53,293), autism spectrum disorder (n = 46,350), bipolar disorder (n = 51,710), insomnia (n = 1,331,010), major depressive disorder (n = 480,359), mood instability (n = 363,705), neuroticism (n = 168,105), schizophrenia (n = 105,318), and subjective wellbeing (n = 388,538). We applied three two-sample bi-directional MR analysis methods, namely the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) method, and the weighted median method, to assess the causal relationship between each psychiatric trait and mouth ulcers. Results We found significant effects of autism spectrum disorder, insomnia, major depressive disorder, and subjective wellbeing on mouth ulcers, with the corresponding odds ratio (OR) from the IVW method being 1.160 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.066–1.261, P = 5.39 × 10–4], 1.092 (1.062–1.122, P = 3.37 × 10–10), 1.234 (1.134–1.342, P = 1.03 × 10–6), and 0.703 (0.571–0.865, P = 8.97 × 10–4), respectively. We also observed suggestive evidence for mood instability to cause mouth ulcers [IVW, OR = 1.662 (1.059–2.609), P = 0.027]. These results were robust to weak instrument bias and heterogeneity. We found no evidence on causal effects between other psychiatric traits and mouth ulcers, in either direction. Conclusion Our findings suggest a protective effect of subjective wellbeing and risk effects of autism spectrum disorder, insomnia, major depressive disorder, and mood instability on mouth ulcers. These results clarify the causal relationship between psychiatric traits and the development of mouth ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Majumder R, Adhikari L, Dhara M, Sahu J. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and TNF-α inhibition (upon RAW 264.7 cell line) followed by the selection of extract (leaf and stem) with respect to potency to introduce anti-oral-ulcer model obtained from Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl in addition to GC-MS illustration. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 263:113146. [PMID: 32739564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl., belongs to family olacaceae claimed as an "Issan folk medicine" portray the ethnomedicinal value like curative property of infection in the urinary tract, analgesic, antipyretic, skin-ulcer, antianemic (bark) as well as food additives (leaves). Research articles have proven the presence of anti-swelling property, laxative action, and antiviral activity against poliovirus moreover, the antioxidant property too. AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT Evaluation of antiulcer property (induced within the oral mucosa) of the extract selected amongst two extracts based upon better property towards the ability of anti-inflammatory and analgesia through the in-vivo model as well as the inhibitory property of TNF-α (cell line RAW264.7). To justify the presence of activity extracts were introduced for GC-MS investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanolic extracts (leaf; LME and stem; SME) were collected through maceration and introduced to carrageenan-induced paw edema to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and formalin-induced as well as tail-flick in-vivo models to evaluate the analgesic property. Anti-oral ulcer property was analyzed through the acetic-acid induced in-vivo model. The cytotoxicity was performed on mouse macrophages and fibroblast cells to find a toxic concentration of test substances and to evaluate their modulatory effect of TNF-α inhibition property against LPS induced toxicity. RESULTS As compared to diclofenac (100 mg/kg) only LME and SME 200 mg/kg dose group have insignificant (P < 0.05) difference and P-values are 0.99 and 0.88 respectively. From the overall outcome, it can be concluded that compared to the diclofenac (100 mg/kg) group from 4th hours onwards LME (200 mg/kg) group was able to sustain the inflammation so similar. According to statistical consideration, LME (200 mg/kg) dose has also shown better results in formalin-induced analgesia as well as tail-flick. Cytotoxicity (CTC50) concentrations of LME and SME are 419.60 ± 4.09 and 230.21 ± 0.79 μg/ml respectively on RAW264.7 cell line. According to CTC50 the highest concentration of LME and SME is 400 and 200 μg/ml respectively has chosen to evaluate percentage inhibition of TNF-α as compared to diclofenac sodium (25 μg/ml). 50% inhibition was achieved by LME as well as diclofenac i.e. 51.2 ± 2.6% and 50.3 ± 0.8% instead of SME i.e. 45.2 ± 1.7%. As compared to the negative group on DAY-4, LME 200 mg/kg/bw dose shown proper growth of epithelial or mucosal layer which reveals proper healing of the surface of the tongue with no sign of injury. GC-MS results also reveal that, LME and SME both have Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester which are responsible for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity but besides, LME has more 4 compounds responsible for activities these are methyl salicylate; phytol; β-Sitosterol; 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid,2,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]propyl ester, (Z, Z, Z). CONCLUSION The overall outcomes of the study encapsulate that LME extract with a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw will be a good choice to overcome the above-cited ailments. Further studies upon this plant are needed to establish its importance in the human society through quantitative isolation of the metabolites and their pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic evaluation to establish the proper pathway of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Majumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| | - Lopamudra Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| | - Moonmun Dhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| | - Jinamitra Sahu
- PG Department of Pathology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Shampur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ansari R, Gheitani M, Heidari F, Heidari F. Oral cavity lesions as a manifestation of the novel virus (COVID-19). Oral Dis 2020; 27 Suppl 3:771-772. [PMID: 32510821 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ansari
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gheitani
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Farrokh Heidari
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Heidari
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
shirzaiy M, Sarabadani J. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Related Factors Among 12-17-Year-Old Students in Zahedan, Iran. J Res Dentomaxillofac Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.5.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
31
|
Susanto A, Wahyuni I, Balafif F. Relationship among perceived stress, oral health status, stomatitis, and xerostomia in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_290_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
32
|
Pan MH, Zhu SR, Duan WJ, Ma XH, Luo X, Liu B, Kurihara H, Li YF, Chen JX, He RR. "Shanghuo" increases disease susceptibility: Modern significance of an old TCM theory. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 250:112491. [PMID: 31863858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Shanghuo", a concept based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, describes a status of Yin-Yang imbalance when Yang overwhelms Yin. The imbalance of Yin-Yang resembles the breaking of homeostasis and manifests by the impaired physiological functions, which leads to the onset, recurrence, and progression of diseases. Since ancient times, Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), such as herbal tea, has been applied as a treatment for "Shanghuo". AIM OF THE STUDY This review is aimed to describe the origin of "Shanghuo" from the Yin-Yang theory in TCM, as well as explore the relevance and correlations between "Shanghuo" and diseases susceptibility from the perspective of modern medicine. We also propose several strategies from CMM to improve the status of "Shanghuo" for the purpose of treating diseases. METHODS Systematic research of articles with keywords including Shanghuo, Yin-Yang, emotional stress and disease susceptibility was done by using the literature databases (Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, CNKI). Related books, PhD and master's dissertations were also researched. Full scientific plant names were validated by "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS To date, a large number of publications have reported research on sub-health status, but studies about the theory or intervention of "Shanghuo" are rarely found. The articles we reviewed indicate that accumulated emotional stress is critical for the cause of "Shanghuo". As a status similar to sub-health, "Shanghuo" is also manifested by impaired physiological functions and decreased nonspecific resistance, which increase susceptibility to various diseases. What's more, some studies highlight the importance of TCM treatment towards "Shanghuo" in maintaining normal physiological functions, such as immunity, lipid metabolism and ROS clearance. CONCLUSIONS Researches on "Shanghuo" and its mechanism are every rare currently and are in need of investigation in the future. Studies on disease susceptibility recently are mostly about susceptible genes that relate to a few parts of people, however, for most of the people, accumulated emotional stress or other stressors is accountable for the susceptibility of diseases. Given that emotional stress plays an important factor in the causation of "Shanghuo", we reviewed the articles about this relevance and discussed the connection of "Shanghuo" with disease susceptibility in a novel perspective. In addition, we have reviewed the disease susceptibility model of restraint stress from its biochemical manifestation to application in CMM assessment. Although it would be a breakthrough in evaluating CMM efficacy of attenuating disease-susceptibility, understanding the comprehensive theory and establishing more models of "Shanghuo" would be required in further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hai Pan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Si-Rui Zhu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Duan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, And Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), also known as canker sores, is the most common disease of the oral mucosa. Unlike caries and periodontal disease, patients with RAS are unable to prevent it. The clinical picture of RAS is characterized by recurrent episodes of solitary or multiple painful ulcerations without association with systemic diseases. The objective of this review is to present the essential characteristics of RAS, including its definition, pathogenesis, clinical and microscopic characteristics, proposed experimental models and recommended pharmacological management. This understanding can serve as a theoretical framework for research proposals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Rivera
- Oral Medicine and Pathology Research Group, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Maule 3460000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bahramian A, Falsafi P, Abbasi T, Ghanizadeh M, Abedini M, Kavoosi F, Kouhsoltani M, Noorbakhsh F, Dabbaghi Tabriz F, Rajaeih S, Rezaei F. Comparing Serum and Salivary Levels of Vitamin D in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Healthy Individuals. J Dent (Shiraz) 2018; 19:295-300. [PMID: 30680302 PMCID: PMC6338692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most prevalent ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa. Many studies have emphasized on immunologic factors as the reason of inducing RAS; however, the exact etiologic cause of RAS has not been identified yet. Vitamin D has an endocrine function and regulatory effects on the immune system. It has potential therapeutic effects on autoimmune diseases, psoriasis, and neoplasms. Vitamin D deficiency has been detected in some autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arteritis. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to compare the serum and salivary levels of vitamin D in patients with RAS and healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHOD In this cross sectional study, patients with RAS, referring to the Department of Oral Medicine, Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry, were evaluated after taking medical history, clinical examinations, and completing an informed consent form. The serum and salivary vitamin D levels were compared between case (n=26) and control (n=26) groups. RESULTS The mean serum vitamin D levels in the case and control groups were 33.0.7±12.41 and 50.89±9.30 (ng/dL), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). On the other hand, the mean salivary vitamin D levels in the case and control groups were 17.36± 8.01 and 20.79±6.31 (ng/dL), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p= 0.09). In addition, the correlation between the serum and salivary levels of vitamin D was 56%, being statistically significant (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION The serum levels of vitamin D in patients with RAS were significantly less than that in healthy individuals; however, there were no significant differences in salivary vitamin D levels between patients with RAS and healthy individuals. In addition, there was a significant and positive correlation between serum and salivary levels of vitamin D in all patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Bahramian
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Falsafi
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Milad Ghanizadeh
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Maryam Kouhsoltani
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Noorbakhsh
- Dept. of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tabriz Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dabbaghi Tabriz
- Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahin Rajaeih
- Otorhinolaryngologist, Fellow ship of rhinology, Firoozgar hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Rezaei
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rocca JP, Zhao M, Fornaini C, Tan L, Zhao Z, Merigo E. Effect of laser irradiation on aphthae pain management: A four different wavelengths comparison. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2018; 189:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
36
|
Dhopte A, Naidu G, Singh-Makkad R, Nagi R, Bagde H, Jain S. Psychometric analysis of stress, anxiety and depression in patients with recurrent aphthous Stomatitis-A cross-sectional survey based study. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e1109-e1114. [PMID: 30607229 PMCID: PMC6311397 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory immune mediated condition associated with single or multiple, painful recurring ulcers of the oral mucosa. Psychological stress is a common trigger factor identified for the onset and progression of this condition. The study aimed to evaluate stress, anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and stress by the General Health Questionnaire in subjects with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS). Material and Methods The study evaluated subjects with a history of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and compared their psychological stress, anxiety and depression alteration to normal subjects. Seventy-five study subjects were divided into three groups; test group 1 (25 subjects) presenting with RAS, test group 2 (25 subjects) with a history of RAS but without oral ulcers, and 25 normal subjects with no history of RAS formed the control group. Chi square and student t test was used to determine the relationship between psychological variables and recurrent aphthous ulcers. Results Comparison of stress, Anxiety and Depression between test group 1 and control group, test group 2 and control group was not found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05). Hence, differences were evident when individual questions were analyzed for stress anxiety and depression. Stress and depression were more prevalent in females, students and patients with a history of RAS. Conclusions Higher depression and stress levels were evident in subjects with a history of RAS. Psychological stress is a utmost trigger factor for the initiation of recurrent ulcers. Overall, test group patients had a more psychological impact on the quality of life than the control group. Key words:Anxiety, depression, General Health Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis, stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Dhopte
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology
| | - Giridhar Naidu
- Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology
| | | | - Ravleen Nagi
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology
| | - Hiroj Bagde
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology
| | - Supreet Jain
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Borilova Linhartova P, Janos J, Slezakova S, Bartova J, Petanova J, Kuklinek P, Fassmann A, Dusek L, Izakovicova Holla L. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and gene variability in selected interleukins: a case-control study. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:485-492. [PMID: 30341786 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors, especially those related to immune system functioning, have been intensively studied to determine their role in the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The aim of the present study was to analyze gene variability in interleukin (IL)2, IL4 (and its receptor α, IL4Rα), IL10, and IL13, which were selected based on literature review and/or their functional relevance, in Czech patients with RAS and in healthy controls. In total, 252 subjects (178 controls and 74 patients with RAS) were enrolled in this case-control study, and their detailed anamnestic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained. Nine polymorphisms in the genes encoding interleukins were determined using PCR techniques. There were no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies of the IL2, IL4, IL4Rα, IL10, and IL13 polymorphisms rs2069762/rs2069763, rs2243250/rs79071878, rs1801275, rs1800896, and rs1800925, respectively, between controls and patients with RAS. The minority alleles rs1800871 and rs1800872, which encode variants of IL10, were associated with a statistically significantly higher risk of RAS, as confirmed by the results of genotype and haplotype analyses. We suggest that variability in the IL10 gene may play an important role in the development of RAS in the Czech population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Janos
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Slezakova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartova
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Dental Medicine, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Petanova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kuklinek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Fassmann
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dusek
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sharma R, Pallagatti S, Aggarwal A, Sheikh S, Singh R, Gupta D. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial on Clinical Efficacy of Topical Agents in Reducing Pain and Frequency of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers. Open Dent J 2018; 12:700-713. [PMID: 30369980 PMCID: PMC6183024 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers (RAU) is one of the most common oral ulcerative Disease of the oral mucosa with high recurrence rate. Standard topical treatment options provide symptomatic relief with few have been found to be effective in treating or relieving the symptoms. Aim The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of various topical agents in order to find the better treatment modality so as to decrease the number, size, exudate level and discomfort associated with pain with RAU. Materials and methods The patients diagnosed with minor recurrent aphthous ulcers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. All the baseline parameters were measured by the principal investigator. The treatment modality was assigned by generating a randomization list by computer software, double-blinded in consecutively numbered sealed envelopes. The topical treatment modalities that were included: 5% Amlexanox, 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide, 20% Benzocaine gel, 100 mg Doxycycline hyclatemixed with denture adhesive and normal saline (20:2:1); The study was placebo controlled in which placebo gel 10 gm was used. The size, no of ulcers, pain, erythema and exudate level were measured by the principal investigator at days 1, 4, 8 and 10. All quantitative variables were estimated using measures of central tendency (mean, median) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation). Qualitative or categorical variables were described as frequencies or proportions. Proportions were compared using Post Hoc Test and N Par Tests. Effectiveness was checked using p-value (< 0.005). Results It was observed that 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide and 5% Amlexanox proven to be more efficacious in the reduction of size, Number, Pain, Erythema and Exudate Levels at day 8, (p = .000*) and at day 10 (p =. 000*) as compared to single application of 100 mg Doxycycline Hyclate, 20% Benzocaine gel and the placebo, which was statistically significant. VAS scale was significant for 100 mg Doxycycline Hyclate and 20% Benzocaine gel. Conclusion The selected topical treatment modality can deliver cheap, effective and safe drug therapy which benefits the patient in refining their regular activities and everyday events of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Sharma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab- 147301, India
| | - Shambulingappa Pallagatti
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Amit Aggarwal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Soheyl Sheikh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Polat C, Düzer S, Ayyıldız H, Seç S, Aksoy N, Sakallıoğlu Ö, Akyiğit A, Çetiner H. Association Between Anxiety, Depression, and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 56:166-169. [PMID: 30319874 DOI: 10.5152/tao.2018.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa that commonly affects the general population. The objective of this study was to conduct a research in assesing the relationship between psychological disorders including anxiety, depression and salivary cortisol levels in patients with RAS. Methods Thirty-nine patients suffering from minor RAS were enrolled in the study after obtaining an informed consent. The control group consisted of 25 age and gender matched healthy individuals. All subjects were evaluated by using both psychological tests (Hamilton's anxiety rating scale [HARS] and Hamilton's depression rating scale [HDRS]) and physiological testing instrument (salivary cortisol level). Results While no statistical difference was found between the patients with RAS and controls for both salivary cortisol levels and anxiety, there was statisticaly significant difference between the groups for depression. Conclusion There was no significant increase in salivary cortisol levels in patients with active disease when compared to the healthy subjects. But we found that depression scale values were significantly higher in patients with RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cahit Polat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Sertaç Düzer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ayyıldız
- Department of Biochemistry, Elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Semih Seç
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Neval Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Öner Sakallıoğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Abdulvahap Akyiğit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Hasan Çetiner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Senusi A, Higgins S, Fortune F. The influence of oral health and psycho-social well-being on clinical outcomes in Behçet's disease. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1873-83. [PMID: 30151720 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the association of oral ulceration and oral health factors, together with psycho-social well-being in Behçet's disease (BD), and to clarify the importance of psycho-social support of patients in the overall management of BD. The study comprised of a cohort of 146 BD patients (mean age ± SD = 39.65 ± 13.20) and 20 recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients (mean age ± SD = 42.32 ± 11.32). Oral ulcer severity score (OUSS), Behçet's disease current activities form (BDCAF), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and the work and social adjustment scale (WSAS) were investigated. Oral health risk factors were also included. The analysis of variance, regression, and factor analysis were used to scrutinise the data. Almost 73% of patients were at high caries risk in BD and RAS groups. Thirty-nine percent of BD and forty percent of RAS had a score of BPE3 (probing depth 3.5-5.5 mm). Regression analysis revealed that OUSS and WSAS had a positive impact to increase the BDCAF score in BD patients (β = 0.395, P = 0.001; β = 0.240, P = 0.019), respectively. Dental health, periodontal health, anxiety, depression, and WSAS variables had strong loadings by factor analysis based on gender and at the time of present and absent of oral ulceration. The main oral ulcer characteristics that had significant influences on the total of oral health quality of life by 68.6% were: size, duration, ulcer-free period, and pain. The results highlighted the significant influence of oral ulceration, patients' oral health, diet, and psycho-social well-being as multi-factorial causes on increasing disease activity in BD patients.
Collapse
|
41
|
Rahmani F, Moghadamnia AA, Kazemi S, Shirzad A, Motallebnejad M. Effect of 0.5% Chitosan mouthwash on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized double-blind crossover clinical trial. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6912-6919. [PMID: 30034658 PMCID: PMC6049970 DOI: 10.19082/6912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common painful oral lesions of which there is no certain treatment. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Chitosan mouthwash 0.5% on RAS. Methods This randomized double-blind crossover clinical trial was conducted at a dental school in Babol, Iran, from 2015 to 2016. Twenty patients with a history of minor aphthous stomatitis were entered into this study. All patients were initially monitored in the first episode without treatment, and then were randomly treated in three other episodes with Chitosan, Triamcinolone or Biogel mouthwashes. The ulcer size and pain intensity by using visual analogous score (VAS) were recorded in each episode. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. We used SPSS version 20 to analyze data. Results The mean ulcer size on the fifth day (p=0.026, p=0.042, respectively) and VAS on the third and fifth days (p=0.011, p=0.013, respectively) were significantly less in Triamcinolone and Chitosan groups than Biogel and the no treatment episode. There were no significant differences between Chitosan and Triamcinolone groups in the average ulcer size and pain intensity in all the examination days. Conclusions Chitosan mouthwash is effective on pain relief and reducing ulcer size of minor aphthous stomatitis and this effect is almost the same as Triamcinolone mouthwash. Clinical trial registration The study was registered and approved by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with IRCT ID: IRCT2015030718753N2. Funding The study was funded by Deputy of Research and Technology of Babol University of Medical Sciences (ref. no.: 9133625).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahmani
- DDS of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Avicenna Medical Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Ph.D. of Pharmacology& Toxicology, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Ph.D. of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Atena Shirzad
- DDS of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mina Motallebnejad
- DDS of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ajmal M, Ibrahim L, Mohammed N, Al-Qarni H. Prevalence and psychological stress in recurrent aphthous stomatitis among female dental students in Saudi Arabia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 91:216-221. [PMID: 29785161 PMCID: PMC5958988 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disorder which is characterized by recurrent ulcerations mainly confined to non-keratinized oral mucosa. Though the exact etiology is imprecise, stress and anxiety were found to be linked with the onset of RAS. The present study was directed to know the prevalence of RAS among female dental students in King Khalid University, to find out the association between RAS and psychological stress and the effectiveness of Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) in finding out the psychological profile of RAS patients. Method 122 female dental students of age group 17 to 25 years were selected for the study. Subjects with relevant medical problems and deleterious habits were excluded. A questionnaire comprising general stress related questions and HAD scale were used to assess stress. Those who were giving history of ulcer were diagnosed as RAS based on the clinical features. The questionnaire results were used for statistical analysis and processed. Result 14% of the total students were having RAS. 70% could correlate the onset of ulcer with certain specific factors; stress being the major causative agent (91%). In HAD scale, 88% of students were having anxiety and 65% had depression; all patients with depression had anxiety. Conclusion The prevalence of RAS in female dental students in KKU was around 14%. There is a strong relationship between psychological stress and RAS, as in most of the other studies. HAD scale alone can be used for detecting the psychological factor in RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ajmal
- College of Dentistry-King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Ibrahim
- College of Dentistry-King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Mohammed
- College of Dentistry-King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Al-Qarni
- College of Dentistry-King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li Y, Wang D, Zeng C, Liu Y, Huang G, Mei Z. Salivary metabolomics profile of patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer as revealed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:1052-1062. [PMID: 29332424 PMCID: PMC5972264 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517745388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We compared the salivary nontargeted metabolite profiles between patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) and healthy individuals to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with RAU. Methods Saliva samples were collected from 45 patients with RAU and 49 healthy individuals, and the salivary metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The metabolomic profiles were then analyzed using multivariate and univariate statistical methods, and enrichment of the metabolites in various biological pathways was assessed. Results In total, 206 significant differentiating metabolites (Wilcoxon test, false discovery rate [FDR] of <0.05) were identified between patients with RAU and healthy individuals. These metabolites were implicated in tryptophan metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and other metabolic pathways. Two commonly circulating steroids, estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, were significantly lower in the saliva of patients with RAU (Wilcoxon test, FDR < 0.05, power > 0.9). Principal component analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis revealed metabolic perturbations involving RAU, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with several metabolites showed good diagnostic ability for RAU. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that patients with RAU are characterized by metabolic imbalances. Psychogenic factors, endocrinopathies, and immunosuppression may contribute to the onset of RAU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Sports Genomics Institute, BGI-Shenzhen, China
| | - Daoming Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yichen Liu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Najafi S, Mohammadzadeh M, Zahedi A, Heidari M, Rezaei N. Association of Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2018; 10:56-60. [PMID: 29296268 PMCID: PMC5742655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common diseases of the oral cavity all over the world (5-66%). RAS has a multifactorial etiology, while psychological factors such as stress and anger play a role in its manifestation. The serotonergic mechanisms particularly the serotonin-transporter gene (5-HTT) may affect the risk of psychological alterations and stress response. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the polymorphism of the promoter region of 5-HTT (5-HTTLPR) in the patients with RAS, compared to that in the control subjects. METHODS In this case-control study, 100 patients with RAS and 100 healthy subjects were enrolled. PCR was performed on DNA of the samples, using a pair of primers capable of distinguishing S/L alleles and replicating 5-HTTLPR. RESULTS No statistically significant difference existed between LL and LS genotype frequencies in the case and control groups. However, SS genotype frequency was significantly higher in the case group, as compared to the control group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION The conclusion of the present study demonstrated that S allele could approximately double the risk of RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamsolmolouk Najafi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,International Campus, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirabbas Zahedi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Amirabbas Zahedi, Ph.D., Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 9127101007, Fax: +98 21 88335803, E-mail:
| | - Mansour Heidari
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Farabi Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rezaei F, Aminian M, Raygani AV. Evaluation of Salivary Cortisol Changes and Psychological Profiles in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Contemp Clin Dent 2017; 8:259-263. [PMID: 28839413 PMCID: PMC5551332 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_165_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Some studies suggest that psychological condition and stress can play role in the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate salivary cortisol changes and psychological conditions in patients with RAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven patients (13 males and 14 females, mean age of 32.8 (±10.2) years) with minor RAS and 27 age- and sex-matched controls without RAS participated in this study. The concentration of cortisol (nanomole/L) was measured in samples of unstimulated saliva from patients and controls two times; once during the presence of active lesions and once again when the lesions had healed by immunologic assay. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was employed to determine psychological condition. Visual analog scale for pain severity was recorded for patients with active lesions episode. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software (version 18.0) using paired and unpaired t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS Salivary cortisol level was lower in patients during active lesions (12.4 ± 5.1) and healing (10.5 ± 3.9) episodes compared to the controls (13.1 ± 3.6) (P = 0.583, P = 0.015; respectively). There was no significant difference in salivary cortisol between active lesions and healing episodes (P = 0.943). Anxiety and depression represented no significant differences between active lesions and healing episodes (P > 0.05). Anxiety and depression levels in patients were significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.05). Pain severity in active lesions was not significantly correlated to salivary cortisol level, and anxiety or depression scores (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings showed that occurrence of RAS was associated with anxiety and depression but not with alterations of salivary cortisol level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Oral Medicines School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maziar Aminian
- Department of Oral Medicines School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi Raygani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the role of stress in the occurrence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and oral lichen planus (OLP), as well as to analyze the efficacy of saliva, urine, and serum cortisol levels as markers of stress. This study included 30 subjects with RAS (Group A), 30 with OLP (Group B), and 30 controls (Group C). The serum, salivary, and urinary cortisol levels were measured using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. The results were analyzed using the independent t-test, and a statistically significant difference (P = 0.000) was observed between the study and control groups. Further analysis was done using ANOVA and post-hoc tests. The results of this study suggest that RAS and OLP patients had higher cortisol levels than controls, indicating that stress acts as a co-factor in the pathogenesis of RAS and OLP. Although urinary cortisol level was found to be the best indicator of stress, saliva can also be used as a reliable marker. (J Oral Sci 58, 237-240, 2016).
Collapse
|
47
|
Cardoso JA, Dos Santos Junior AA, Nunes ML, de Figueiredo MA, Cherubini K, Salum FG. Salivary Alpha-Amylase Enzyme, Psychological Disorders, and Life Quality in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:5269856. [PMID: 28408928 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5269856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate stress, anxiety, and salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) activity in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The impact of this disease on the life quality was also evaluated. Design. Twenty-two patients with RAS and controls, matched by sex and age, were selected. Stress and anxiety were assessed using Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Life quality was assessed through the World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Saliva samples were collected in the morning and afternoon and the SAA activity was analyzed by enzymatic kinetic method. Results. No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding the SAA activity (p = 0.306). Patients with RAS had higher scores of anxiety (p = 0.016). The scores of WHOQOL-BREF were significantly lower in patients with RAS. The values obtained through OHIP-14 were significantly higher in these patients (p = 0.002). Conclusion. RAS negatively affects the life quality. Patients with the disease have higher levels of anxiety, suggesting its association with the etiopathogenesis of RAS.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ziaudeen S, Ravindran R. Assessment of Oxidant-Antioxidant Status and Stress Factor in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Patients: Case Control Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC01-ZC04. [PMID: 28511497 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/22894.9348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its vast occurrence, the aetiology of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) still remains unknown and its aetiology is multifactorial. The factors believed to be associated with the aetiology of RAS, may disturb the equilibrium of oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism and may accelerate the formation of free radicals, resulting in Oxidative Stress (OS). Psychological stress is believed to act as a triggering factor or modifying factor for RAS. AIM To find whether oxidant-antioxidant status and psychosocial stress play a role in the pathogenesis of RAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 60 subjects over a period of one year (August 2014-August 2015) equally divided into two groups-patients with RAS and healthy controls. Psychosocial stress was analyzed by using Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ). Saliva was analyzed to evaluate Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSHPx) activities, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Uric Acid (UA) levels in both the study and the control groups, using UV spectrophotometry. RESULTS The mean value of salivary SOD and MDA was increased while the activity of GSHPx and UA decreased in the study group when compared to the controls; the difference being statistically significant (p<0.005). The mean RLCQ stress score was also found to be increased in the RAS group, which showed elevated levels of mental stresses when compared to physical stresses. No significant association was observed between SOD, MDA, GSHPx and UA with high levels of stress score (p>0.05). In the study group, no correlation was observed between the study variables and gender, the number of ulcer episodes in one year, the number of ulcers per episode or the duration of ulcers. CONCLUSION This study shows that salivary antioxidant levels show a significant difference in response to OS in RAS patients. An increase in levels of psychosocial stress is seen associated with patients with RAS indicating its role as a modifying or triggering factor in the initiation of RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ziaudeen
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Science and Research, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Rathy Ravindran
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Science and Research, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kollam, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Background: Anxiety-related traits have been attributed to sequence variability in the genes coding for serotonin transmission in the brain. Two alleles, termed long (L) and short (S) differing by 44 base pairs, are found in a polymorphism identified in the promoter region of serotonin transporter gene. The presence of the short allele and SS and LS genotypes is found to be associated with the reduced expression of this gene decreasing the uptake of serotonin in the brain leading to various anxiety-related traits. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an oral mucosal disease with varied etiology including the presence of stress, anxiety, and genetic influences. The present study aimed to determine this serotonin transporter gene polymorphism in patients with RAS and compare it with normal individuals. Materials and Methods: This study included 20 subjects with various forms of RAS and 20 normal healthy age- and gender-matched individuals. Desquamated oral mucosal cells were collected for DNA extraction and subjected to polymerase chain reaction for studying insertion/deletion in the 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region. Cross tabulations followed by Chi-square tests were performed to compare the significance of findings, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The LS genotype was the most common genotype found in the subjects with aphthous stomatitis (60%) and controls (40%). The total percentage of LS and SS genotypes and the frequency of S allele were found to be higher in the subjects with aphthous stomatitis as compared to the control group although a statistically significant correlation could not be established, P = 0.144 and 0.371, respectively. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, occurrence of RAS was not found to be associated with polymorphic promoter region in serotonin transporter gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Manchanda
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Inderprastha Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asha R Iyengar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, D. A. Pandu Memorial R. V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, D. A. Pandu Memorial R. V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Background: In today's high strung lifestyle, stress plays a major role on our health. Studies using ultraweak chemiluminescence have been able to demonstrate this effect, of psychological stress on the immune system, using saliva as a psychological stress marker. The impact of psychosocial factors on the oral mucosal lesions of individuals found that stress can contribute to weakened immunity and increased susceptibility to infection. Aim: To study the role of salivary peroxidase (SPOx) in psychologically stressed individuals with and without the presence of aphthous ulcer. Materials and Methods: The study involved evaluating subjects for stress, using Perceived Stress Scale. Depending on the stress scores and the presence or absence of oral aphthae, they were assigned into 3 groups of 30 each. After a thorough oral examination, individual samples of saliva was collected and subjected to microprotein estimation using a biochemical analyzer. Statistical Analysis Used: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test. Results: Decreased levels of peroxidase were found in individuals’ with aphthous ulcers, while the same was increased when no lesions were found and also on a lower stress scale. Conclusions: Our study analysis does show a variation in enzyme levels between the different groups highlighting the influence of stress on the peroxidase levels, which in turn when imbalanced, results in tissue damage, leading to aphthous formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetha C Kiran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bernard Ajay Reginald
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|