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Tang LD, Guo LH, Shen Z, Chen YM, Zang LS. Comparison of the biology of Frankliniella intonsa and Megalurothrips usitatus on cowpea pods under natural regimes through an age-stage, two-sex life table approach. Bull Entomol Res 2023; 113:555-564. [PMID: 37350316 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Two thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) are major pests of cowpea in South China. To realistically compare the growth, development and reproductive characteristics of these two thrips species, we compared their age-stage, two-sex life tables on cowpea pods under summer and winter natural environmental regimes. The results showed that the total preadult period of M. usitatus was 8.09 days, which was significantly longer than that of F. intonsa (7.06 days), while the adult female longevity of M. usitatus (21.14 days) was significantly shorter than that of F. intonsa (25.77 days). Significant differences were showed in male adult longevity (10.68 days for F. intonsa and 16.95 days for M. usitatus) and the female ratio of offspring (0.67 for F. intonsa and 0.51 for M. usitatus), and the total preadult period of M. usitatus (16.20 days) was significantly longer than that of F. intonsa (13.66 days) in the winter regime. The net reproductive rate (summer: R0 = 85.62, winter: R0 = 105.22), intrinsic rate of increase (summer: r = 0.3020 day-1, winter: r = 0.2115 day-1), finite rate of increase (summer: λ = 1.3526 day-1, winter: λ = 1.2356 day-1) and gross reproduction rate (summer: GRR = 139.34, winter: GRR = 159.88) of F. intonsa were higher than those of M. usitatus (summer: R0 = 82.91, r = 0.2741, λ = 1.3155, GRR = 135.71; winter: R0 = 80.62, r = 0.1672, λ = 1.1820, GRR = 131.26), and the mean generation times (summer: T = 14.73 days, winter: T = 22.01 days) of F. intonsa were significantly shorter than those of M. usitatus (summer: T = 16.11 days, winter: T = 26.25 days). These results may contribute to a better understanding of the bioecology of different thrips species, especially the interspecific competition between two economically important cowpea thrips with the same ecological niche in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-De Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling-Hang Guo
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong-Ming Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Ghosh A, Jangra S, Dietzgen RG, Yeh WB. Frontiers Approaches to the Diagnosis of Thrips (Thysanoptera): How Effective Are the Molecular and Electronic Detection Platforms? Insects 2021; 12:insects12100920. [PMID: 34680689 PMCID: PMC8540714 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Thrips are important agricultural and forest pests. They cause damage by sucking plant sap and transmitting several plant viruses. Correct identification is the key for epidemiological studies and formulating appropriate management strategies. The application of molecular and electronic detection platforms has improved the morphological character-based diagnosis of thrips species. This article reviews research on molecular and automated identification of thrips species and discusses future research strategies for rapid and high throughput thrips diagnosis. Abstract Thrips are insect pests of economically important agricultural, horticultural, and forest crops. They cause damage by sucking plant sap and by transmitting several tospoviruses, ilarviruses, carmoviruses, sobemoviruses, and machlomoviruses. Accurate and timely identification is the key to successful management of thrips species. However, their small size, cryptic nature, presence of color and reproductive morphs, and intraspecies genetic variability make the identification of thrips species challenging. The use of molecular and electronic detection platforms has made thrips identification rapid, precise, sensitive, high throughput, and independent of developmental stages. Multi-locus phylogeny based on mitochondrial, nuclear, and other markers has resolved ambiguities in morphologically indistinguishable thrips species. Microsatellite, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and CAPS markers have helped to explain population structure, gene flow, and intraspecies heterogeneity. Recent techniques such as LAMP and RPA have been employed for sensitive and on-site identification of thrips. Artificial neural networks and high throughput diagnostics facilitate automated identification. This review also discusses the potential of pyrosequencing, microarrays, high throughput sequencing, and electronic sensors in delimiting thrips species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalendu Ghosh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Sumit Jangra
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Wen-Bin Yeh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
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Tsai CL, Chu IH, Chou MH, Chareonviriyaphap T, Chiang MY, Lin PA, Lu KH, Yeh WB. Rapid identification of the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) using species-specific primers in multiplex PCR. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16508. [PMID: 33020593 PMCID: PMC7536291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a major pest native to the Americas. A recent invasion of FAWs from Africa eastward to South Asia, the Indochina Peninsula, and mainland China has received much attention due to the considerable economic losses in agriculture. FAWs can rapidly colonise a new area, likely due to the wide range of host plants, good flying capability, and high egg production. Therefore, a convenient, quick, and accurate tool for FAW identification is urgently required to establish a FAW invasion management strategy. In this study, FAW-specific primers were designed to recognise FAWs on the basis of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). The results revealed the accurate FAW recognition of the three congeneric species and eight common corn lepidopteran pests, especially at their larval stage. Furthermore, species-specific primers have confirmed their efficacy by using 69 FAW specimens from Taiwan, Thailand, and the United States, with a 96% success rate, excluding 3 decayed specimens. By using the simple, reliable, and convenient FAW-specific primers, a pest management programme can be developed not only to reduce sequencing costs and experimental time from 2 days to 4 h, but eradicate the FAW as soon as it enters a new area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lung Tsai
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South District, Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Chu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South District, Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsun Chou
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South District, Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Ming-Yao Chiang
- Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 189 Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung, 41326, Taiwan
| | - Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, Penn State University, 201 Old Main, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kuang-Hui Lu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South District, Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yeh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South District, Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan.
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Jangra S, Mittal A, Dhall H, Jain RK, Ghosh A. A multiplex PCR assay for rapid identification of major tospovirus vectors reported in India. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:170. [PMID: 32070289 PMCID: PMC7029577 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, four thrips vectors have been reported to transmit five different tospoviruses in India. Their identification at an early stage is crucial in formulating appropriate pest management strategies. Since morphometric key-based thrips identification based on the adult stage is time-consuming, there is a need to develop diagnostic tools which are rapid, accurate, and independent of developmental stages. Here, we report a multiplex PCR assay to identify four major thrips vectors viz. Thrips palmi, T. tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and Frankliniella schultzei present in India. RESULTS Cytochrome oxidase subunit III and internal transcribed spacer region 2 were utilized to design species-specific primers. Of 38 pairs of primers tested, primer pairs AG35F-AG36R, AG47F-AG48R, AG87F-AG88R, and AG79F-AG80R amplified 568 bp, 713 bp, 388 bp, and 200 bp products from the DNA templates of T. palmi, S. dorsalis, T. tabaci, and F. schultzei, respectively at same PCR conditions. The specificity of the primer pairs was validated with a large number of known specimens and no cross-reactivity was observed with other thrips species. The multiplex PCR assay with a cocktail of all the four primer pairs detected four thrips vectors efficiently and could discriminate all of them concurrently in a single reaction. CONCLUSION The multiplex PCR reported in this study could identify the major thrips vectors reported in India. The assay will be useful in ascertaining distribution profile of major thrips vectors, disease epidemiology, screening large samples, and quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jangra
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anubha Mittal
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Heena Dhall
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Jain
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Amalendu Ghosh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Przybylska A, Fiedler Ż, Frąckowiak P, Obrępalska-Stęplowska A. Real-time PCR assay for distinguishing Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips palmi Arnika Przybylska, Żaneta Fiedler, Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska. Bull Entomol Res 2018; 108:413-420. [PMID: 28245887 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thrips palmi and Frankliniella occidentalis (order Thysanoptera) are thrips species that represent major plant pests. They are polyphagous insects capable of adversely affecting crop production. As such, in the European Union, these thrips species should be regulated as quarantine organisms. T. palmi and F. occidentalis can cause considerable damage to susceptible plants by feeding on them and transmitting several viruses responsible for serious plant diseases. Successful pest control strategies are based on an early, fast, and reliable diagnosis, which precedes the selection of appropriate steps to limit the effects of harmful organisms. We herein describe a novel diagnostic approach that enables the sensitive and species-specific detection (and differentiation) of these pests in a duplex polymerase chain reaction assay, which was adapted for both standard and real-time quantitative assays. Our method is based on the amplification of a 5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal DNA fragment that is conserved between T. palmi and F. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnika Przybylska
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute,20 Władysława Węgorka St, Poznań,Poland
| | - Żaneta Fiedler
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute,20 Władysława Węgorka St, Poznań,Poland
| | - Patryk Frąckowiak
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute,20 Władysława Węgorka St, Poznań,Poland
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Wang H, Kennedy GG, Reay-Jones FPF, Reisig DD, Toews MD, Roberts PM, Herbert DA, Taylor S, Jacobson AL, Greene JK. Molecular Identification of Thrips Species Infesting Cotton in the Southeastern United States. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:892-898. [PMID: 29506223 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional identification of thrips species based on morphology is difficult, laborious, and especially challenging for immature thrips. To support monitoring and management efforts of thrips as consistent and widespread pests of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), a probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay with crude DNA extraction was developed to allow efficient and specific identification of the primary species of thrips infesting cotton. The assay was applied to identify over 5,000 specimens of thrips (including 3,366 immatures) collected on cotton seedlings from Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia in 2016. One half of all adult samples were examined by morphological identification, which provided a statistically equivalent species composition as the qPCR method. Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was the dominant species across all the locations (76.8-94.3% of adults and 81.6-98.0% of immatures), followed by Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia (4.6-19% of adults and 1.7-17.3% of immatures) or Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in South Carolina (10.8% of adults and 7.8% of immatures). Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) were occasionally found among adults but were rarely present among immature thrips. These five species of thrips represented 98.2-100% of samples collected across the Southeast. The qPCR assay was demonstrated to be a valuable tool for large-scale monitoring of species composition of thrips at different life stages in cotton. The tool will contribute to a better understanding of thrips population structure in cotton and could assist with development and application of improved management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC
| | - George G Kennedy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Francis P F Reay-Jones
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC
| | - Dominic D Reisig
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Vernon G. James Research and Extension Center, Plymouth, NC
| | | | | | - D Ames Herbert
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA
| | - Sally Taylor
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA
| | - Alana L Jacobson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, AL
| | - Jeremy K Greene
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC
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Abstract
Many of the arthropod species that are important pests of agriculture and forestry are impossible to discriminate morphologically throughout all of their life stages. Some cannot be differentiated at any life stage. Over the past decade, DNA barcoding has gained increasing adoption as a tool to both identify known species and to reveal cryptic taxa. Although there has not been a focused effort to develop a barcode library for them, reference sequences are now available for 77% of the 409 species of arthropods documented on major pest databases. Aside from developing the reference library needed to guide specimen identifications, past barcode studies have revealed that a significant fraction of arthropod pests are a complex of allied taxa. Because of their importance as pests and disease vectors impacting global agriculture and forestry, DNA barcode results on these arthropods have significant implications for quarantine detection, regulation, and management. The current review discusses these implications in light of the presence of cryptic species in plant pests exposed by DNA barcoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Przybylska A, Fiedler Ż, Kucharczyk H, Obrępalska-Stęplowska A. Detection of the quarantine species Thrips palmi by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122033. [PMID: 25793743 PMCID: PMC4368663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrips palmi (from the order Thysanoptera) is a serious insect pest of various crops, including vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants, causing significant economic losses. Its presence constitutes a double threat; not only does T. palmi feed on the plants, it is also a vector for several plant viruses. T. palmi originated in Asia, but has spread to North and Central America, Africa, Oceania and the Caribbean in recent decades. This species has been sporadically noted in Europe and is under quarantine regulation in the European Union. For non-specialists its larval stages are indistinguishable morphologically from another widespread and serious insect pest Frankliniella occidentalis (a non-quarantine species in the European Union) as well as other frequently occurring thrips. In this study, we have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification protocol to amplify rDNA regions of T. palmi. The results were consistent whether isolated DNA or crushed insects were used as template, indicating that the DNA isolation step could be omitted. The described method is species-specific and sensitive and provides a rapid diagnostic tool to detect T. palmi in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnika Przybylska
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Żaneta Fiedler
- Department of Biological Control, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Halina Kucharczyk
- Department of Zoology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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