1
|
Zhang D, Shi C, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Guo J, Gong Z. Inhibition of GSK3β activity alleviates acute liver failure via suppressing multiple programmed cell death. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:24. [PMID: 37443080 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) is one of the most common life-threatening diseases in adults without previous liver disease. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is widely distributed in the cells. Inhibition of its activity can inhibit cell death and promote autophagy through various pathways, thus providing a protective effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect on ALF after inhibition of GSK3β and its potential mechanisms. METHODS D- galactosamine(D-Gal) in combination with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was used to induce ALF in vitro and in vivo. And then GSK3β inhibitor TDZD-8 was used to explore the protective effect against ALF. After TDZD-8 treatment TUNEL staining and flow techniques were used to detect the proportion of apoptosis in liver tissues and cells respectively, while western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect the expression levels of apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis-related proteins in tissues and cells. In addition, western blotting was performed to explore the specific mechanism of hepatoprotective effect after GSK3β inhibition to detect the expression levels of TAK1, TRAF6 and HDAC3 after TRAF6 and HDAC3 inhibition alone. The co-localization of TRAF6 and HDAC3 in vitro was detected by immunofluorescence, while the interaction between TRAF6 and HDAC3 was detected by immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Both in vivo and in vitro experiments, GSK3β inhibitor TDZD-8 can significantly alleviate the progression of ALF. Inhibition of GSK3β activity could significantly reduce the level of hepatocyte apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis and improve liver dysfunction and tissue damage. Furthermore, we found that hepatocyte TAK1 and TRAF6 levels decreased and HDAC3 levels increased in ALF, whereas inhibition of GSK3β upregulated TAK1 and TRAF6 levels and decreased HDAC3 expression. CONCLUSION GSK3β inhibitor TDZD-8 can prevent the progression of ALF, and its action may involve the TRAF6/HDAC3/TAK1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danmei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430060, China
| | - Chunxia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430060, China
| | - Qingqi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430060, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430060, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430060, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Florance I, Ramasubbu S. Current Understanding on the Role of Lipids in Macrophages and Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010589. [PMID: 36614031 PMCID: PMC9820199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is the major intracellular mechanism driving a variety of cellular functions such as energy storage, hormone regulation and cell division. Lipids, being a primary component of the cell membrane, play a pivotal role in the survival of macrophages. Lipids are crucial for a variety of macrophage functions including phagocytosis, energy balance and ageing. However, functions of lipids in macrophages vary based on the site the macrophages are residing at. Lipid-loaded macrophages have recently been emerging as a hallmark for several diseases. This review discusses the significance of lipids in adipose tissue macrophages, tumor-associated macrophages, microglia and peritoneal macrophages. Accumulation of macrophages with impaired lipid metabolism is often characteristically observed in several metabolic disorders. Stress signals differentially regulate lipid metabolism. While conditions such as hypoxia result in accumulation of lipids in macrophages, stress signals such as nutrient deprivation initiate lipolysis and clearance of lipids. Understanding the biology of lipid accumulation in macrophages requires the development of potentially active modulators of lipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jaque-Fernández F, Jorquera G, Troc-Gajardo J, Pietri-Rouxel F, Gentil C, Buvinic S, Allard B, Jaimovich E, Jacquemond V, Casas M. Pannexin-1 and CaV1.1 show reciprocal interaction during excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling in skeletal muscle. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212695. [PMID: 34636893 PMCID: PMC8515650 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important functions of skeletal muscle is to respond to nerve stimuli by contracting. This function ensures body movement but also participates in other important physiological roles, like regulation of glucose homeostasis. Muscle activity is closely regulated to adapt to different demands and shows a plasticity that relies on both transcriptional activity and nerve stimuli. These two processes, both dependent on depolarization of the plasma membrane, have so far been regarded as separated and independent processes due to a lack of evidence of common protein partners or molecular mechanisms. In this study, we reveal intimate functional interactions between the process of excitation-induced contraction and the process of excitation-induced transcriptional activity in skeletal muscle. We show that the plasma membrane voltage-sensing protein CaV1.1 and the ATP-releasing channel Pannexin-1 (Panx1) regulate each other in a reciprocal manner, playing roles in both processes. Specifically, knockdown of CaV1.1 produces chronically elevated extracellular ATP concentrations at rest, consistent with disruption of the normal control of Panx1 activity. Conversely, knockdown of Panx1 affects not only activation of transcription but also CaV1.1 function on the control of muscle fiber contraction. Altogether, our results establish the presence of bidirectional functional regulations between the molecular machineries involved in the control of contraction and transcription induced by membrane depolarization of adult muscle fibers. Our results are important for an integrative understanding of skeletal muscle function and may impact our understanding of several neuromuscular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jaque-Fernández
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Jorquera
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jennifer Troc-Gajardo
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - France Pietri-Rouxel
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Groupement hospitalier universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christel Gentil
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Groupement hospitalier universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sonja Buvinic
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Allard
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-5310, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-5310, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Mariana Casas
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen MT, Min KH, Lee W. Palmitic Acid-Induced miR-429-3p Impairs Myoblast Differentiation by Downregulating CFL2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10972. [PMID: 34681631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are known to play a critical role in skeletal myogenesis and maintenance, and cofilin-2 (CFL2) is necessary for actin cytoskeleton dynamics and myogenic differentiation. Nonetheless, target molecules and the modes of action of miRNAs, especially those responsible for the inhibitory mechanism on the myogenesis by saturated fatty acids (SFA) or obesity, still remain unclear. Here, we reported the role played by miR-429-3p on CFL2 expression, actin filament dynamics, myoblast proliferation, and myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells. Palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant SFA in diet, inhibited the myogenic differentiation of myoblasts, accompanied by CFL2 reduction and miR-429-3p induction. Interestingly, miR-429-3p suppressed the expression of CFL2 by targeting the 3'UTR of CFL2 mRNA directly. Transfection of miR-429-3p mimic in myoblasts increased F-actin formation and augmented nuclear YAP level, thereby promoting cell cycle progression and myoblast proliferation. Moreover, miR-429-3p mimic drastically suppressed the expressions of myogenic factors, such as MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC, and impaired myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Therefore, this study unveiled the crucial role of miR-429-3p in myogenic differentiation through the suppression of CFL2 and provided implications of SFA-induced miRNA in the regulation of actin dynamics and skeletal myogenesis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Yung MMH, Sharma R, Chen F, Poon YT, Lam WY, Li B, Ngan HYS, Chan KKL, Chan DW. Epigenetic Silencing of miR-33b Promotes Peritoneal Metastases of Ovarian Cancer by Modulating the TAK1/FASN/CPT1A/NF-κB Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194795. [PMID: 34638280 PMCID: PMC8508465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastases are frequently found in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC) patients and are commonly associated with a poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex milieu that plays a critical role in epigenetic alterations driving tumor development and metastatic progression. However, the impact of epigenetic alterations on metastatic ovarian cancer cells in the harsh peritoneal microenvironment remains incompletely understood. Here, we identified that miR-33b is frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation in HGSOC cells derived from metastatic omental tumor tissues. Enforced expression of miR-33b abrogates the oncogenic properties of ovarian cancer cells cocultured in omental conditioned medium (OCM), which mimics the ascites microenvironment, and in vivo tumor growth. Of note, restoration of miR-33b inhibited OCM-upregulated de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation in ovarian cancer cells, indicating that miR-33b may play a novel tumor suppressor role in the lipid-mediated oncogenic properties of metastatic ovarian cancer cells found in the omentum. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-33b directly targets transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), thereby suppressing the activities of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in modulating lipid metabolic activities and simultaneously inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB signaling to govern the oncogenic behaviors of ovarian cancer cells. Thus, our data suggest that a lipid-rich microenvironment may cause epigenetic silencing of miR-33b, which negatively modulates ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases, at least in part, by suppressing TAK1/FASN/CPT1A/NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.W.); (M.M.H.Y.); (F.C.); (Y.-T.P.); (H.Y.S.N.)
| | - Mingo M. H. Yung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.W.); (M.M.H.Y.); (F.C.); (Y.-T.P.); (H.Y.S.N.)
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Fushun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.W.); (M.M.H.Y.); (F.C.); (Y.-T.P.); (H.Y.S.N.)
| | - Ying-Tung Poon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.W.); (M.M.H.Y.); (F.C.); (Y.-T.P.); (H.Y.S.N.)
| | - Wai-Yip Lam
- Lee’s Pharmaceutical (HK) Ltd., 1/F Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (W.-Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Benjamin Li
- Lee’s Pharmaceutical (HK) Ltd., 1/F Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (W.-Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Hextan Y. S. Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.W.); (M.M.H.Y.); (F.C.); (Y.-T.P.); (H.Y.S.N.)
| | - Karen K. L. Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.W.); (M.M.H.Y.); (F.C.); (Y.-T.P.); (H.Y.S.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.L.C.); (D.W.C.)
| | - David W. Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.W.); (M.M.H.Y.); (F.C.); (Y.-T.P.); (H.Y.S.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.L.C.); (D.W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang W, Guo ZH. Downregulation of lncRNA NEAT1 Ameliorates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Promoting Macrophage M2 Polarization via miR-125a-5p/TRAF6/TAK1 Axis. Inflammation 2020; 43:1548-60. [PMID: 32388658 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) promotes sepsis-inflammatory responses and acute kidney injury (AKI), but little known about the underlying mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the roles of NEAT1 in regulating macrophage polarization and its potential for alleviating inflammatory responses during sepsis pathogenesis. Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a cellular inflammatory model. NEAT1 shRNA, miR-125a-5p mimics, and TRAF6-overexpressing vector were used to transfect RAW264.7 cells. NEAT1, miR-125a-5p, and mRNA levels of functional genes were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Protein abundances were analyzed by western blotting. Macrophage polarization was evaluated by flow cytometry. The bindings of miR-125a-5p with NEAT1 or TRAF6 gene were validated by dual luciferase reporter assay. LPS treatment promoted NEAT1 and suppressed miR-125a-5p expression in mouse macrophage cells. NEAT1 silencing by shRNAs promoted macrophage M2 polarization under LPS treatment, which upregulated miR-125a-5p expression, repressed TRAF6 expression and TAK1 protein phosphorylation in macrophages. These cellular and molecular changes induced by NEAT1 shRNAs were abrogated by miR-125a-5p inhibitors. Moreover, miR-125a-5p mimics suppressed TRAF6 expression and TAK1 protein phosphorylation in LPS-treated macrophages, thus causing macrophage M2 polarization under LPS treatment. TRAF6 overexpression abrogated the miR-125a-5p mimics-induced macrophage M2 polarization. miR-125a-5p could directly bind to NEAT1 or TRAF6 gene in macrophages. lncRNA NEAT1 knockdown ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation by promoting macrophage M2 polarization via miR-125a-5p/TRAF6/TAK1 axis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Q, Cai R, Tang G, Zhang W, Pang W. MiR-146a-5p targeting SMAD4 and TRAF6 inhibits adipogenensis through TGF-β and AKT/mTORC1 signal pathways in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 33531066 PMCID: PMC7856799 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a vital parameter for assessing pork quality. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating porcine IMF deposition. Here, a novel miRNA implicated in porcine IMF adipogenesis was found, and its effect and regulatory mechanism were further explored with respect to intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS By porcine adipose tissue miRNA sequencing analysis, we found that miR-146a-5p is a potential regulator of porcine IMF adipogenesis. Further studies showed that miR-146a-5p mimics inhibited porcine intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, while the miR-146a-5p inhibitor promoted cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p suppressed cell proliferation by directly targeting SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) to attenuate TGF-β signaling. Moreover, miR-146a-5p inhibited the differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes by targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to weaken the AKT/mTORC1 signaling downstream of the TRAF6 pathway. CONCLUSIONS MiR-146a-5p targets SMAD4 and TRAF6 to inhibit porcine intramuscular adipogenesis by attenuating TGF-β and AKT/mTORC1 signaling, respectively. These findings provide a novel miRNA biomarker for regulating intramuscular adipogenesis to promote pork quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Que Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guorong Tang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanrong Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Z, Wen H, Peng B, Weng J, Zeng F. HFD-induced TRAF6 upregulation promotes liver cholesterol accumulation and fatty liver development via EZH2-mediated miR-429/PPARα axis. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2021; 24:711-727. [PMID: 33996254 PMCID: PMC8099485 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing prevalence of fatty liver diseases worldwide, the molecular mechanism underlying their pathogenesis remains poorly defined. This study examines the expression and significance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse obesity model and the oleic acid/palmitic acid (OA/PA)-induced cell model. After developing these models, we measured the expressions of TRAF6, enhancer of the zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα). The expression of TRAF6, EZH2, and PPARα was manipulated to investigate their roles in cholesterol accumulation through evaluating the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) assay was used to determine the interaction between TRAF6 and EZH2 and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to detect the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in microRNA-429 (miR-429) promoter. We found that HFD resulted in elevated TRAF6 and miR-429 in fatty liver and reduced EZH2 and PPARα. TRAF6 mediated the ubiquitination of EZH2 and increased miR-429 expression, and miR-429 targeted PPARα. TRAF6 increased cholesterol accumulation in liver cells in vitro via the EZH2/miR-429/PPARα axis. Collectively, HFD upregulates TRAF6 and ubiquitinates EZH2 to promote the miR-429-dependent inhibition of PPARα, leading to cholesterol accumulation in liver and the occurrence of fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Huiqing Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Bangjian Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun Weng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, P.R. China
| | - Fanhong Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
AlZaim I, Hammoud SH, Al-Koussa H, Ghazi A, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602088. [PMID: 33282920 PMCID: PMC7705180 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic metabolism and bodily homeostasis as it secretes a myriad of adipokines, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As the main storage pool of lipids, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues undergo marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to nutritional excess leading to hypoxia, adipokine dysregulation, and subsequent low-grade inflammation that is characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. The specific localization, physiology, susceptibility to inflammation and the heterogeneity of the inflammatory cell population of each adipose depot are unique and thus dictate the possible complications of adipose tissue chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence link visceral and particularly perivascular, pericardial, and perirenal adipose tissue inflammation to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the implication of the immune system in the regulation of adipose tissue function, adipose tissue immune components are pivotal in detrimental or otherwise favorable adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis. Adipose tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells undergo metabolic and morphological adaptation based on the systemic energy status and thus a better comprehension of the metabolic regulation of immune cells in adipose tissues is pivotal to address complications of chronic adipose tissue inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose innate and adaptive immune cells across various physiological and pathophysiological states that pertain to the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Understanding such mechanisms allows for the exploitation of the adipose tissue-immune system crosstalk, exploring how the adipose immune system might be targeted as a strategy to treat cardiovascular derangements associated with metabolic dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Ghazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths amongst women in the United States. Cachexia is the primary cause of death in approximately 30% of cancer patients, and is often evidenced in ovarian cancer patients. We tested the steroidal lactone Withaferin A to examine if it could ameliorate ovarian cancer-induced cachexia. METHODS Six-week-old severely immunodeficient female mice were xenografted with the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 followed by treatment with Withaferin A or vehicle. Changes in functional grip strength were assessed on a weekly basis. Postmortem, H&E staining was performed on skeletal muscle sections and immunofluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed on skeletal muscle and tumor sections. The levels of NF-κB-related proinflammatory cytokines were assessed in the xenografted tumors and in resident host skeletal muscle. RESULTS Xenografting of the A2780 cell line resulted in a significant rate of mortality, which was attenuated by a therapeutic dosage of Withaferin A. Mice that received vehicle treatment following xenografting exhibited functional muscle decline over the course of the study. The therapeutic dosage Withaferin A treatment attenuated this reduction in grip strength, whereas the supratherapeutic dosage of Withaferin A was found to be toxic/lethal and demonstrated a further decline in functional muscle strength and an increased rate of mortality on par with vehicle treatment. At a histological level, the vehicle treated tumor-bearing mice exhibited a profound reduction in myofibrillar cross-sectional area compared to the vehicle treated tumor-free control group. The atrophic changes induced by the xenografted tumor were significantly ameliorated by treatment with Withaferin A. The combination of functional muscle weakening and induction of myofibrillar atrophy corroborate a cachectic phenotype, which was functionally rescued by Withaferin A. Further, treatment completely abolished the slow-to-fast myofiber type conversion observed in the settings of cancer-induced cachexia. In both host resident skeletal muscle and the xenografted tumors, we report an increase in NF-κB-related proinflammatory cytokines that was reversed by Withaferin A treatment. Finally, we demonstrated that Withaferin A significantly downregulates cytosolic and nuclear levels of phospho-p65, the active canonical NF-κB transcription factor, in xenografted tumors. CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively, our results demonstrate a previously overlooked role of Withaferin A in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer. We propose mechanisms by which Withaferin A reduces NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine production leading to an attenuation of the cachectic phenotype in an i.p. xenograft model of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Straughn
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sham S Kakar
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, 500 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is regulated by the coordinated activation of several anabolic and catabolic pathways. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of protein folding and a reservoir for calcium ions. Accretion of misfolded proteins or depletion in calcium concentration causes stress in the ER, which leads to the activation of a signaling network known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). In the present study, we investigated the role of the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) arm of the UPR in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function in naive conditions and in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. Our results demonstrate that the targeted inducible deletion of PERK reduces skeletal muscle mass, strength, and force production during isometric contractions. Deletion of PERK also causes a slow-to-fast fiber type transition in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of PERK leads to atrophy in cultured myotubes. While increasing the rate of protein synthesis, the targeted deletion of PERK leads to the increased expression of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy in skeletal muscle. Ablation of PERK also increases the activation of calpains and deregulates the gene expression of the members of the FGF19 subfamily. Furthermore, the targeted deletion of PERK increases muscle wasting in Lewis lung carcinoma tumor-bearing mice. Our findings suggest that the PERK arm of the UPR is essential for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and function in adult mice.-Gallot, Y. S., Bohnert, K. R., Straughn, A. R., Xiong, G., Hindi, S. M., Kumar, A. PERK regulates skeletal muscle mass and contractile function in adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann S Gallot
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kyle R Bohnert
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alex R Straughn
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Guangyan Xiong
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsuru M, Ono A, Umeyama H, Takeuchi M, Nagata K. Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of CXCL7 leads to posterior longitudinal ligament ossification. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196204. [PMID: 29782494 PMCID: PMC5962073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), a spinal ligament, reduces the range of motion in limbs. No treatment is currently available for OPLL, which is why therapies are urgently needed. OPLL occurs in obesity, is more common in men, and has an onset after 40 years of age. The mechanisms underlying OPLL remain unclear. In this study, we performed a serum proteomic analysis in both OPLL patients and healthy subjects to identify factors potentially involved in the development of OPLL, and found reduced levels of a protein that might underlie the pathology of OPLL. We isolated the protein, determined its amino acid sequence, and identified it as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7). Based on these proteomics findings, we generated a CXCL7 knockout mouse model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying OPLL. CXCL7-null mice presented with a phenotype of OPLL, showing motor impairment, heterotopic ossification in the posterior ligament tissue, and osteoporosis in vertebrate tissue. To identify the mechanisms of CXCL7 deficiency in OPLL, we searched for single nucleotide polymorphisms and altered DNA exons, but no abnormalities were found. Although miR-340 levels were found to be high in an miRNA array, they were insufficient to reduce CXCL7 levels. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase1 (UCHL1) was found to be overexpressed in CXCL7-null mice and in the sera of patients with OPLL, and was correlated with OPLL severity. Post-translational modifications of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers, orchestrated by a cascade of specialized ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes, are thought to control a wide range of cellular processes, and alterations in the ubiquitin–proteasome system have been associated with several degenerative disorders. In addition, the OPLL tissue of CXCL7-null mouse and its primary cells expressed the antibody to ubiquitin (linkage-specific K48). Our data clearly show decreased CXCL7 levels in patients with OPLL, and that OPLL developed in mice lacking CXCL7. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 expression was decreased in CXCL7-null mouse primary cells. Furthermore, K48 polyubiquitination was found in posterior longitudinal ligament ossified tissue and primary cells from CXCL7-null mice. We performed a phosphoproteomics analysis in CXCL7-deficient mice and identified increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (ME3K)15, ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) and protein kinase C (PKC) alpha, suggesting that ubiquitin-dependent degradation is involved in CXCL7 deficiency. Future studies in the CXCL7-null mouse model are, therefore, warranted to investigate the role of ubiquitination in the onset of OPLL. In conclusion, CXCL7 levels may be useful as a serum marker for the progression of OPLL. This study also suggests that increasing CXCL7 levels in patients can serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OPLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Tsuru
- Clinical Proteomics and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki Memorial Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Umeyama
- Department of Biological Science, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Biostatistics), Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Nagata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hindi SM, Sato S, Xiong G, Bohnert KR, Gibb AA, Gallot YS, McMillan JD, Hill BG, Uchida S, Kumar A. TAK1 regulates skeletal muscle mass and mitochondrial function. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98441. [PMID: 29415881 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is regulated by a complex array of signaling pathways. TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is an important signaling protein, which regulates context-dependent activation of multiple intracellular pathways. However, the role of TAK1 in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remains unknown. Here, we report that inducible inactivation of TAK1 causes severe muscle wasting, leading to kyphosis, in both young and adult mice.. Inactivation of TAK1 inhibits protein synthesis and induces proteolysis, potentially through upregulating the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. Phosphorylation and enzymatic activity of AMPK are increased, whereas levels of phosphorylated mTOR and p38 MAPK are diminished upon inducible inactivation of TAK1 in skeletal muscle. In addition, targeted inactivation of TAK1 leads to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of adult mice. Inhibition of TAK1 does not attenuate denervation-induced muscle wasting in adult mice. Finally, TAK1 activity is highly upregulated during overload-induced skeletal muscle growth, and inactivation of TAK1 prevents myofiber hypertrophy in response to functional overload. Overall, our study demonstrates that TAK1 is a key regulator of skeletal muscle mass and oxidative metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shizuka Uchida
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology
| |
Collapse
|