1
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Franco M, Cano-Martínez A, Ramos-Godínez MDP, López-Marure R, Donis-Maturano L, Sosa JS, Bautista-Pérez R. Immunolocalization of Sphingolipid Catabolism Enzymes along the Nephron: Novel Early Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16633. [PMID: 38068956 PMCID: PMC10706607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether the activity of enzymes involved in sphingolipid catabolism could be biomarkers to predict early renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension rats. Diabetic and hypertensive rats had no changes in plasma creatinine concentration. However, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed slight ultrastructural changes in the glomeruli and tubular epithelial cells from diabetic and hypertensive rats. Our results show that the acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) and neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity increased in the urine of diabetic rats and decreased in hypertensive rats. Only neutral ceramidase (nCDase) activity increased in the urine of diabetic rats. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence demonstrated positive staining for the nSMase, nCDase, and sphingosine kinase (SphK1) in glomerular mesangial cells, proximal tubule, ascending thin limb of the loop of Henle, thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, and principal cells of the collecting duct in the kidney. In conclusion, our results suggest that aSMase and nCDase activity in urine could be a novel predictor of early slight ultrastructural changes in the nephron, aSMase and nCDase as glomerular injury biomarkers, and nSMase as a tubular injury biomarker in diabetic and hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Franco
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.F.)
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (R.L.-M.)
| | | | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (R.L.-M.)
| | - Luis Donis-Maturano
- Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico;
| | - José Santamaría Sosa
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.F.)
| | - Rocio Bautista-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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2
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Huang D, Kidd JM, Zou Y, Wu X, Gehr TWB, Li PL, Li G. Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Inflammatory Exosome Release in Podocytes by Acid Sphingomyelinase During Obesity. Inflammation 2023; 46:2037-2054. [PMID: 37477734 PMCID: PMC10777441 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been reported to importantly contribute to glomerular inflammation and injury under different pathological conditions such as obesity. However, the mechanism mediating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes and subsequent glomerular injury remains poorly understood. Given that the ceramide signaling pathway has been reported to be implicated in obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG), the present study was designed to test whether the ceramide-producing enzyme, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), determines NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory exosome release in podocytes leading to glomerular inflammation and injury during ORG. In Smpd1trg/Podocre mice, podocyte-specific overexpression of Smpd1 gene which encodes ASM significantly exaggerated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes and immune cell infiltration in glomeruli compared to WT/WT mice. Smpd1 gene deletion, however, blocked these pathological changes induced by HFD in Smpd1-/- mice. Accompanied with NLRP3 inflammasome activation and glomerular inflammation, urinary excretion of exosomes containing podocyte marker and NLRP3 inflammasome products (IL-1β and IL-18) in Smpd1trg/Podocre mice on the HFD was much higher than that in WT/WT mice. In contrast, Smpd1-/- mice on the HDF had significantly lower urinary exosome excretion than WT/WT mice. Correspondingly, HFD-induced podocyte injury, glomerular sclerosis, and proteinuria were more severe in Smpd1trg/Podocre mice, but milder in Smpd1-/- mice compared to WT/WT mice. Using podocytes isolated from these mice, we demonstrated that visfatin, a prototype pro-inflammatory adipokine, induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enrichment of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) containing IL-1β in podocytes, which was much stronger in podocytes from Smpd1trg/Podocre mice, but weaker in those from Smpd1-/- mice than WT/WT podocytes. By quantitative analysis of exosomes, it was found that upon visfatin stimulation, podocytes from Smpd1trg/Podocre mice released much more exosomes containing NLRP3 inflammasome products, but podocytes from Smpd1-/- mice released much less exosomes compared to WT/WT podocytes. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrated that visfatin inhibited lysosome-MVB interaction in podocytes, indicating impaired MVB degradation by lysosome. The inhibition of lysosome-MVB interaction by visfatin was amplified by Smpd1 gene overexpression but attenuated by Smpd1 gene deletion. Taken together, our results suggest that ASM in podocytes is a crucial regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory exosome release that instigate glomerular inflammation and injury during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason M Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Hagmann H, Khayyat NH, Oezel C, Papadakis A, Kuczkowski A, Benzing T, Gulbins E, Dryer S, Brinkkoetter PT. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) Deficiency Reproduces Lipid Alterations of Diabetic and Inflammatory Glomerular Disease and Affects TRPC6 Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223625. [PMID: 36429053 PMCID: PMC9688324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and inflammatory diseases are associated with an altered cellular lipid composition due to lipid peroxidation. The pathogenic potential of these lipid alterations in glomerular kidney diseases remains largely obscure as suitable cell culture and animal models are lacking. In glomerular disease, a loss of terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells called podocytes refers to irreversible damage. Podocytes are characterized by a complex ramified cellular architecture and highly active transmembrane signaling. Alterations in lipid composition in states of disease have been described in podocytes but the pathophysiologic mechanisms mediating podocyte damage are unclear. In this study, we employ a genetic deletion of the anti-oxidative, lipid-modifying paraoxonase 2 enzyme (PON2) as a model to study altered cellular lipid composition and its effects on cellular signaling in glomerular disease. PON2 deficiency reproduces features of an altered lipid composition of glomerular disease, characterized by an increase in ceramides and cholesterol. PON2 knockout mice are more susceptible to glomerular damage in models of aggravated oxidative stress such as adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Voltage clamp experiments in cultured podocytes reveal a largely increased TRPC6 conductance after a membrane stretch in PON2 deficiency. Correspondingly, a concomitant knockout of TRPC6 and PON2 partially rescues the aggravated glomerular phenotype of a PON2 knockout in the adriamycin model. This study establishes PON2 deficiency as a model to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of podocyte dysfunction related to alterations in the lipid composition, as seen in diabetic and inflammatory glomerular disease. Expanding the knowledge on these routes and options of intervention could lead to novel treatment strategies for glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Cem Oezel
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonios Papadakis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuczkowski
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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4
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Ding X, Chen Y, Zhou L, Wu R, Jian T, Lyu H, Liu Y, Chen J. Bisdemethoxycurcumin Attenuated Renal Injury via Activation of Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 35806399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a principal and active component of edible turmeric, was previously found to have beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may benefit from its potential therapeutic use. Using a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse model, we examined the effects of BDMC on renal injury and tried to determine how its associated mechanism works. A number of metabolic disorders are significantly improved by BDMC, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and inflammation. Further research on renal histopathology and function showed that BDMC could repair renal pathological changes and enhance renal function. Moreover, decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA), elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the inhibition of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction revealed the alleviation of oxidative stress after BDMC administration. In addition, renal Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2) pathway was activated in BDMC-treated mice. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated BDMC as a potential therapy for HFD-induced CKD via the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Barutta F, Bellini S, Gruden G. Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:493-520. [PMID: 35415751 DOI: 10.1042/CS20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, albuminuria is an important feature of all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocytes play a key role in maintaining the permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and injury of the podocyte, leading to foot process (FP) effacement and podocyte loss, the unifying underlying mechanism of proteinuric glomerulopathies. The metabolic insult of hyperglycemia is of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of DN, while insults leading to podocyte damage are poorly defined in other proteinuric glomerulopathies. However, shared mechanisms of podocyte damage have been identified. Herein, we will review the role of haemodynamic and oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, endocannabinoid (EC) hypertone, and both mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the podocyte damage, focussing particularly on their role in the pathogenesis of DN. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of podocyte injury may provide novel targets for treatment. Moreover, novel strategies for boosting podocyte repair may open the way to podocyte regenerative medicine.
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6
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Pérez-Villavicencio R, Flores-Estrada J, Franco M, Escalante B, Pérez-Méndez O, Mercado A, Bautista-Pérez R. Effect of Empagliflozin on Sphingolipid Catabolism in Diabetic and Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2883. [PMID: 35270028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The profile of sphingomyelin and its metabolites shows changes in the plasma, organs, and tissues of patients with cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on the levels of sphingomyelin and its metabolites, as well as on the activity of acid and neutral sphingomyelinase (aSMase and nSMase) and neutral ceramidase (nCDase) in the plasma, kidney, heart, and liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic and Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension rats. Empagliflozin treatment decreased hyperglycemia in diabetic rats whereas blood pressure remained elevated in hypertensive rats. In diabetic rats, empagliflozin treatment decreased sphingomyelin in the plasma and liver, ceramide in the heart, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the kidney, and nCDase activity in the plasma, heart, and liver. In hypertensive rats, empagliflozin treatment decreased sphingomyelin in the plasma, kidney, and liver; S1P in the plasma and kidney; aSMase in the heart, and nCDase activity in the plasma, kidney, and heart. Our results suggest that empagliflozin downregulates the interaction of the de novo pathway and the catabolic pathway of sphingolipid metabolism in the diabetes, whereas in Ang II-dependent hypertension, it only downregulates the sphingolipid catabolic pathway.
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7
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Roux-Biejat P, Coazzoli M, Marrazzo P, Zecchini S, Di Renzo I, Prata C, Napoli A, Moscheni C, Giovarelli M, Barbalace MC, Catalani E, Bassi MT, De Palma C, Cervia D, Malaguti M, Hrelia S, Clementi E, Perrotta C. Acid Sphingomyelinase Controls Early Phases of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Shaping the Macrophage Phenotype. Cells 2021; 10:3028. [PMID: 34831250 PMCID: PMC8616363 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving crosstalk between immune cells and myogenic precursor cells, i.e., satellite cells. In this scenario, macrophage recruitment in damaged muscles is a mandatory step for tissue repair since pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages promote the activation of satellite cells, stimulating their proliferation and then, after switching into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, they prompt satellite cells' differentiation into myotubes and resolve inflammation. Here, we show that acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, is activated after skeletal muscle injury induced in vivo by the injection of cardiotoxin. ASMase ablation shortens the early phases of skeletal muscle regeneration without affecting satellite cell behavior. Of interest, ASMase regulates the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages in the injured muscles so that the absence of the enzyme reduces inflammation. The analysis of macrophage populations indicates that these events depend on the altered polarization of M1 macrophages towards an M2 phenotype. Our results unravel a novel role of ASMase in regulating immune response during muscle regeneration/repair and suggest ASMase as a supplemental therapeutic target in conditions of redundant inflammation that impairs muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Roux-Biejat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Marco Coazzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Ilaria Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Napoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.B.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
- Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (M.C.); (S.Z.); (I.D.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (M.G.); (E.C.)
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Abstract
Podocytes play a vital role in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome (NS), which is clinically characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral edema. The pathogenesis of NS has evolved through several hypotheses ranging from immune dysregulation theory and increased glomerular permeability theory to the current concept of podocytopathy. Podocytopathy is characterized by dysfunction or depletion of podocytes, which may be caused by unknown permeability factor, genetic disorders, drugs, infections, systemic disorders, and hyperfiltration. Over the last two decades, numerous studies have been done to explore the molecular mechanisms of podocyte injuries or NS and to develop the novel therapeutic strategies targeting podocytopathy for treatment of NS. Recent studies have shown that normal sphingolipid metabolism is essential for structural and functional integrity of podocytes. As a basic component of the plasma membrane, sphingolipids not only support the assembly of signaling molecules and interaction of receptors and effectors, but also mediate various cellular activities, such as apoptosis, proliferation, stress responses, necrosis, inflammation, autophagy, senescence, and differentiation. This review briefly summarizes current evidence demonstrating the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in podocytes and the canonical or noncanonical roles of podocyte sphingolipid signaling in the pathogenesis of NS and associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,
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9
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Liang JJ, Fraser IDC, Bryant CE. Lipid regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity through organelle stress. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:807-823. [PMID: 34334306 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation driven by the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages is an important contributor to chronic metabolic diseases that affect growing numbers of individuals. Many of these diseases involve the pathologic accumulation of endogenous lipids or their oxidation products, which can activate NLRP3. Other endogenous lipids, however, can inhibit the activation of NLRP3. The intracellular mechanisms by which these lipids modulate NLRP3 activity are now being identified. This review discusses emerging evidence suggesting that organelle stress, particularly involving mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, may be key in lipid-induced modification of NLRP3 inflammasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Liang
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Zou Y, Bhat OM, Yuan X, Li G, Huang D, Guo Y, Zhou D, Li PL. Release and Actions of Inflammatory Exosomes in Pulmonary Emphysema: Potential Therapeutic Target of Acupuncture. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3501-3521. [PMID: 34335040 PMCID: PMC8318722 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s312385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes have been reported to mediate activation of the inflammatory response by secretion of inflammasome products such as IL-1β or IL-18 and that changes in exosomes production or secretion may be a therapeutic target for treatment of a variety of different chronic diseases. The present study tested the hypothesis that exosome-mediated release of NLRP3 inflammasome products instigates the inflammatory response in the lung during emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and that electroacupuncture (EA) may attenuate emphysema by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent inflammation. METHODS The COPD mice model was developed by injecting porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) via puncture tracheotomy and instillation. EA (4 Hz/20 Hz, 1 to 3 mA) was applied to the bilateral BL13 and ST36 for 30 min, once every other day for 2 weeks. Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to measure lung function. Histopathological changes in the lungs were displayed by HE staining. RESULTS In a mouse model of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema, the lung tissue was found to display several key features of emphysema, including alveolar septal thickening, enlarged alveoli, interstitial edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Lungs of mice receiving PPE exhibited substantially increased low attenuation area (LAA) in micro-CT images. The colocalization of NLRP3 vs ASC or caspase-1 detected by confocal microscopy was shown to increase in both bronchial and alveolar walls, indicating the increased formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. IL-1β, a prototype NLRP3 inflammasome activating product, was also found to have increased in the lung during emphysema, which was colocalized with CD63 (an exosome marker), an indicative of inflammatory exosome formation. By nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), IL-1β-containing exosomes were shown to significantly increase in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from mice with emphysema. Therapeutically, IL-1β production in the lung during emphysema was significantly reduced by EA at the acupoint Feishu (BL13) and Zusanli (ST36), accompanied by decreased colocalization of NLRP3 vs ASC or caspase-1. Increased exosome release into BAL during emphysema was shown to be significantly attenuated in EA-treated mice compared to their controls. However, EA of non-specific BL23 together with ST36 acupoint had no effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, exosome release and associated lung pathology during emphysema. CONCLUSION NLRP3 inflammasome activation in concert with increased release of exosomes containing IL-1β or other inflammasome products contributes to the development of lung inflammation and injury during PPE-induced emphysema and that EA of lung-specific acupoints attenuates inflammasome activation and exosome release, thereby reducing inflammatory response in the lung of mice with emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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11
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Chung HY, Claus RA. Keep Your Friends Close, but Your Enemies Closer: Role of Acid Sphingomyelinase During Infection and Host Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616500. [PMID: 33553211 PMCID: PMC7859284 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the inert and constitutive membrane building block sphingomyelin to the highly active lipid mediator ceramide by extracellularly active acid sphingomyelinase is tightly regulated during stress response and opens the gate for invading pathogens, triggering the immune response, development of remote organ failure, and tissue repair following severe infection. How do one enzyme and one mediator manage all of these affairs? Under physiological conditions, the enzyme is located in the lysosomes and takes part in the noiseless metabolism of sphingolipids, but following stress the protein is secreted into circulation. When secreted, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is able to hydrolyze sphingomyelin present at the outer leaflet of membranes to ceramide. Its generation troubles the biophysical context of cellular membranes resulting in functional assembly and reorganization of proteins and receptors, also embedded in highly conserved response mechanisms. As a consequence of cellular signaling, not only induction of cell death but also proliferation, differentiation, and fibrogenesis are affected. Here, we discuss the current state of the art on both the impact and function of the enzyme during host response and damage control. Also, the potential role of lysosomotropic agents as functional inhibitors of this upstream alarming cascade is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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12
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Li G, Huang D, Bhat OM, Poklis JL, Zhang A, Zou Y, Kidd J, Gehr TWB, Li PL. Abnormal podocyte TRPML1 channel activity and exosome release in mice with podocyte-specific Asah1 gene deletion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158856. [PMID: 33221496 PMCID: PMC7770122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Podocytopathy and associated nephrotic syndrome (NS) have been reported in a knockout mouse strain (Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre) with a podocyte-specific deletion of α subunit (the main catalytic subunit) of acid ceramidase (Ac). However, the pathogenesis of podocytopathy of these mice remains unknown. The present study tested whether exosome release from podocytes is enhanced due to Asah1 gene knockout, which may serve as a pathogenic mechanism switching on podocytopathy and associated NS in Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice. We first demonstrated the remarkable elevation of urinary exosome excretion in Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice compared with WT/WT mice, which was accompanied by significant Annexin-II (an exosome marker) accumulation in glomeruli of Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice, as detected by immunohistochemistry. In cell studies, we also confirmed that Asah1 gene knockout enhanced exosome release in the primary cultures of podocyte isolated from Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice compared to WT/WT mice. In the podocytes from Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice, the interactions of lysosome and multivesicular body (MVB) were demonstrated to be decreased in comparison with those from their control littermates, suggesting reduced MVB degradation that may lead to increase in exosome release. Given the critical role of transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel in Ca2+-dependent lysosome trafficking and consequent lysosome-MVB interaction, we tested whether lysosomal Ca2+ release through TRPML1 channels is inhibited in the podocytes of Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice. By GCaMP3 Ca2+ imaging, it was found that lysosomal Ca2+ release through TRPML1 channels was substantially suppressed in podocytes with Asah1 gene deletion. As an Ac product, sphingosine was found to rescue TRPML1 channel activity and thereby recover lysosome-MVB interaction and reduce exosome release of podocytes from Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice. Combination of N, N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a potent sphingosine kinase inhibitor, and sphingosine significantly inhibited urinary exosome excretion of Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice. Moreover, rescue of Aash1 gene expression in podocytes of Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice showed normal ceramide metabolism and exosome secretion. Based on these results, we conclude that the normal expression of Ac importantly contributes to the control of TRPML1 channel activity, lysosome-MVB interaction, and consequent exosome release from podocytes. Asah1 gene defect inhibits TRPML1 channel activity and thereby enhances exosome release, which may contribute to the development of podocytopathy and associated NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Aolin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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13
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Xiong W, Meng XF, Zhang C. Inflammasome activation in podocytes: a new mechanism of glomerular diseases. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:731-743. [PMID: 32448973 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammasome is a multi-protein complex which is an important constituent of innate immunity. It mainly consists of three parts, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase protease, and a NOD-like receptor (NLR) family protein (such as NLRP1) or an HIN200 family protein (such as AIM2). Inflammasome is widely studied in many autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory reactions, such as familial periodic autoinflammatory response, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. Activation of inflammasome in the kidney has been widely reported in glomerular and tubular-interstitial diseases. Podocytes play a critical role in maintaining the normal structure and function of glomerular filtration barrier. Recently, it has been demonstrated that podocytes, as a group of renal residential cells, can express all necessary components of NLRP3 inflammasome, which is activated and contribute to inflammatory response in the local kidney. METHODS Literature review was conducted to further summarize current evidence of podocyte NLRP3 inflammasome activation and related molecular mechanisms under different disease conditions. RESULTS Podocytes are a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier, and the loss of podocyte regeneration is a major limiting factor in the recovery of proteinuria. Through a more comprehensive study of inflammasome in podocytes, it will provide new targets and possibilities for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xian-Fang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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14
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Li G, Kidd J, Kaspar C, Dempsey S, Bhat OM, Camus S, Ritter JK, Gehr TWB, Gulbins E, Li PL. Podocytopathy and Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice with Podocyte-Specific Deletion of the Asah1 Gene: Role of Ceramide Accumulation in Glomeruli. Am J Pathol 2020; 190:1211-1223. [PMID: 32194052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid ceramidase (Ac) has been shown to be critical for ceramide hydrolysis and regulation of lysosome function and cellular homeostasis. In the present study, we generated a knockout mouse strain (Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre) with a podocyte-specific deletion of the α subunit (main catalytic subunit) of Ac. Although no significant morphologic changes in glomeruli were observed in these mice under light microscope, severe proteinuria and albuminuria were found in these podocyte-specific knockout mice compared with control genotype littermates. Transmission electron microscopic analysis showed that podocytes of the knockout mice had distinctive foot process effacement and microvillus formation. These functional and morphologic changes indicate the development of nephrotic syndrome in mice bearing the Asah1 podocyte-specific gene deletion. Ceramide accumulation determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was demonstrated in isolated glomeruli of Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice compared with their littermates. By crossbreeding Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice with Smpd1-/- mice, we also produced a double knockout strain, Smpd1-/-/Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre, that also lacks Smpd1, the acid sphingomyelinase that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide. These mice exhibited significantly lower levels of glomerular ceramide with decreased podocyte injury compared with Asah1fl/fl/PodoCre mice. These results strongly suggest that lysosomal Ac in podocytes is essential for the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jason Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Cristin Kaspar
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sara Dempsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sarah Camus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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15
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Xiang H, Zhu F, Xu Z, Xiong J. Role of Inflammasomes in Kidney Diseases via Both Canonical and Non-canonical Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:106. [PMID: 32175320 PMCID: PMC7056742 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes, multiprotein complex induced by harmful factors in the body, play a crucial role in innate immunity. Activation of inflammasomes lead to the activation of casepase-1 and then the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, subsequently leading to a type of cell death called pyroptosis. There are two types of signaling pathways involved in the process of inflammasome activation: the canonical and the non-canonical signaling pathway. The canonical signaling pathway is mainly dependent on casepase-1; the non-canonical signal pathway, which was recently discovered, is mainly dependent on caspase-11, but is also meditated by caspase-4, caspase-5, and caspase-8. Kidney inflammation is basically associated with inflammatory factor exudation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Several studies have showed that inflammasomes are closely related to kidney diseases, especially the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which play a role in regulating kidney inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we focus on the relationship between inflammasomes and kidney diseases, especially the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in different kinds of kidney disease via both canonical and non-canonical signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Li G, Kidd J, Li PL. Podocyte Lysosome Dysfunction in Chronic Glomerular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1559. [PMID: 32106480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are visceral epithelial cells covering the outer surface of glomerular capillaries in the kidney. Blood is filtered through the slit diaphragm of podocytes to form urine. The functional and structural integrity of podocytes is essential for the normal function of the kidney. As a membrane-bound organelle, lysosomes are responsible for the degradation of molecules via hydrolytic enzymes. In addition to its degradative properties, recent studies have revealed that lysosomes may serve as a platform mediating cellular signaling in different types of cells. In the last decade, increasing evidence has revealed that the normal function of the lysosome is important for the maintenance of podocyte homeostasis. Podocytes have no ability to proliferate under most pathological conditions; therefore, lysosome-dependent autophagic flux is critical for podocyte survival. In addition, new insights into the pathogenic role of lysosome and associated signaling in podocyte injury and chronic kidney disease have recently emerged. Targeting lysosomal functions or signaling pathways are considered potential therapeutic strategies for some chronic glomerular diseases. This review briefly summarizes current evidence demonstrating the regulation of lysosomal function and signaling mechanisms as well as the canonical and noncanonical roles of podocyte lysosome dysfunction in the development of chronic glomerular diseases and associated therapeutic strategies.
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17
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Li C, Guo S, Pang W, Zhao Z. Crosstalk Between Acid Sphingomyelinase and Inflammasome Signaling and Their Emerging Roles in Tissue Injury and Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:378. [PMID: 32010692 PMCID: PMC6971222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of protein complexes that are assembled by pattern recognition receptors following the recognition of invading pathogens or host-derived danger signals. Inflammasomes such as NLRP3 mediate the activation of caspase-1 and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β. Regulation of inflammasome signaling is critical for host defense against infections and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon exposure to multiple harmful stimuli. Recent studies have highlighted an important role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in regulating inflammasome activation. ASM hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide, which further fuses to large ceramide-enriched platforms functioning in stabilizing and amplifying molecules and receptors. Here, we will discuss the current understanding of the ASM-ceramide system in inflammasome activation, and how it contributes to multiple diseases. Insights into such mechanisms would pave the way for further exploration of novel diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic targets against tissue injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Bhat OM, Yuan X, Cain C, Salloum FN, Li P. Medial calcification in the arterial wall of smooth muscle cell-specific Smpd1 transgenic mice: A ceramide-mediated vasculopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:539-553. [PMID: 31743567 PMCID: PMC6933411 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is associated with crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix and arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) leading to reduced arterial compliance. The study was performed to test whether lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (murine gene code: Smpd1)-derived ceramide contributes to the small extracellular vesicle (sEV) secretion from SMCs and consequently leads to AMC. In Smpd1trg /SMcre mice with SMC-specific overexpression of Smpd1 gene, a high dose of Vit D (500 000 IU/kg/d) resulted in increased aortic and coronary AMC, associated with augmented expression of RUNX2 and osteopontin in the coronary and aortic media compared with their littermates (Smpd1trg /SMwt and WT/WT mice), indicating phenotypic switch. However, amitriptyline, an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor, reduced calcification and reversed phenotypic switch. Smpd1trg /SMcre mice showed increased CD63, AnX2 and ALP levels in the arterial wall, accompanied by reduced co-localization of lysosome marker (Lamp-1) with multivesicular body (MVB) marker (VPS16), a parameter for lysosome-MVB interaction. All these changes related to lysosome fusion and sEV release were substantially attenuated by amitriptyline. Increased arterial stiffness and elastin disorganization were found in Smpd1trg /SMcre mice as compared to their littermates. In cultured coronary arterial SMCs (CASMCs) from Smpd1trg /SMcre mice, increased Pi concentrations led to markedly increased calcium deposition, phenotypic change and sEV secretion compared with WT CASMCs, accompanied by reduced lysosome-MVB interaction. However, amitriptyline prevented these changes in Pi -treated CASMCs. These data indicate that lysosomal ceramide plays a critical role in phenotype change and sEV release in SMCs, which may contribute to the arterial stiffness during the development of AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais M. Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Chad Cain
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineVCU Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Fadi N. Salloum
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineVCU Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Pin‐Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
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19
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Amraoui F, Hassani Lahsinoui H, Spijkers LJA, Vogt L, Peters SLM, Wijesinghe DS, Warncke UO, Chalfant CE, Ris-Stalpers C, van den Born BJH, Afink GB. Plasma ceramide is increased and associated with proteinuria in women with pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 19:100-105. [PMID: 31927322 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ceramide is a sphingolipid with anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic properties that has shown to be increased in plasma of women with pre-eclampsia. We aimed to compare plasma and placental sphingolipid content among normotensive pregnant women and pre-eclamptic women with and without HELLP syndrome and we aimed to assess whether ceramide is related to hypertension and proteinuria in pre-eclampsia. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. Participants were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. In total 48 pregnant women were included: 24 with pre-eclampsia and 24 normotensive controls. Of the 24 pre-eclamptic women, 11 had HELLP syndrome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma and placental ceramide content and correlation with blood pressure and protein excretion in pre-eclampsia. RESULTS Total plasma, but not placental, ceramide was higher in pre-eclamptic women with HELLP syndrome (11200 95% CI 9531-12870 nmol/ml, n = 11) compared to pre-eclamptic women without HELLP (7413 95% CI 5928-8898 nmol/ml, n = 13, p < 0.001) and normotensive pregnant women (7404 95% CI 6695-8112 nmol/ml, n = 24, p < 0.001). Maternal circulating ceramide levels were strongly associated with proteinuria (r = 0.621, n = 24, p = 0.001) in pre-eclamptic women and inversely correlated with gestational age at delivery (r = 0.771, p < 0.01) in pre-eclamptic women with HELLP syndrome. Plasma ceramide was not correlated with blood pressure. CONCLUSION Plasma but not placental ceramide content is increased in women with pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. The strong positive correlation with proteinuria and the inverse correlation with gestational age at delivery indicate that excess plasma ceramide may contribute to the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia and HELLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Amraoui
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hajar Hassani Lahsinoui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J A Spijkers
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan L M Peters
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dayanjan S Wijesinghe
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), USA; Center for Pharmacy Practice Transformation, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Urszula O Warncke
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), USA
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carrie Ris-Stalpers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert-Jan H van den Born
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs B Afink
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Li Y, Lu Z, Zhang L, Kirkwood KL, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency exacerbates LPS-induced experimental periodontitis. Oral Dis 2019; 26:637-646. [PMID: 31883406 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation of the gene for acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) causes Niemann-Pick disease. However, the effect of ASMase deficiency on periodontal health is unknown. Periodontal disease is a disease resulting from infection and inflammation of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone that support the teeth. The goal of this study was to determine the role of ASMase deficiency in periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss. METHODS We induced periodontitis in wild-type and ASMase-deficient (ASMase-/- ) mice with periodontal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and compared the alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation between these mice. RESULTS Results showed that ASMase deficiency did not significantly change metabolic parameters, but exacerbated LPS-induced alveolar bone loss, osteoclastogenesis, and periodontal tissue inflammation. To understand the mechanisms by which ASMase deficiency aggravates LPS-induced periodontitis, we analyzed sphingolipids in periodontal tissues. Results showed that ASMase deficiency led to increases in not only sphingomyelin, but also ceramide (CER), a bioactive sphingolipid known to promote inflammation. Results further showed that ASMase deficiency increased CER de novo synthesis. CONCLUSION ASMase deficiency exacerbated LPS-induced alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation. ASMase deficiency leads to an unexpected CER increase by stimulating de novo synthesis CER, which is likely to be involved in the ASMase deficiency-exacerbated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Departments of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Departments of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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21
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Singh GB, Kshirasagar N, Patibandla S, Puchchakayala G, Koka S, Boini KM. Nicotine instigates podocyte injury via NLRP3 inflammasomes activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12810-21. [PMID: 31835256 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background/Aims: Recent studies have shown that nicotine induces podocyte damage. However, it remains unknown how nicotine induces podocyte injury. The present study tested whether nicotine induces NLRP3 inflammasomes activation and thereby contributes to podocyte injury. Results: Nicotine treatment significantly increased the colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-β production, cell permeability in podocytes compared to control cells. Pretreatment with caspase-1 inhibitor, WEHD significantly abolished the nicotine-induced colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc, caspase-1 activity, IL-1β production and cell permeability in podocytes. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that nicotine treatment significantly decreased the podocin and nephrin expression compared to control cells. However, prior treatment with WEHD attenuated the nicotine-induced podocin and nephrin reduction. In addition, we found that nicotine treatment significantly increased the O2.- production compared to control cells. However, prior treatment with WEHD did not alter the nicotine-induced O2.- production. Furthermore, prior treatment with ROS scavenger, NAC significantly attenuated the nicotine-induced caspase-1 activity, IL-1β production, podocin and nephrin reduction in podocytes. Conclusions: Nicotine-induced the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes and thereby results in podocyte injury. Methods: Inflammasome formation and immunofluorescence expressions were quantified by confocal microscopy. Caspase-1 activity, IL-1β production and O2.- production were measured by ELISA and ESR.
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22
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Dia VP, Bradwell J, Pangloli P. Sorghum Phenolics Inhibits Inflammasomes in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Primed and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)-Activated Macrophages. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2019; 74:307-315. [PMID: 31104201 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum contains phenolic compounds with reported biological activities. The objective was to evaluate the ability of sorghum phenolic extract to inhibit inflammasomes in THP-1 human macrophages. THP-1 human macrophages was pre-treated with sorghum phenolics and the inflammasome was activated by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate treatment. Treatment of macrophages with 50 μg sorghum extract/mL reduced IL-1β and IL-18 secretion by 59.7 and 32.0%, respectively, associated with caspase-1 activity reduction. Moreover, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species was reduced. Our data showed the potential role of sorghum phenolics in diseases associated with aberrant inflammasomes activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vermont P Dia
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Jordan Bradwell
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Philipus Pangloli
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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23
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Koka S, Xia M, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Li PL, Boini KM. Podocyte NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Formation by Adipokine Visfatin. Cell Physiol Biochem 2019; 53:355-365. [PMID: 31385664 DOI: 10.33594/000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been reported to be an early mechanism responsible for glomerular inflammation and injury in obese mice. However, the precise mechanism of obesity-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unknown. The present study explored whether adipokine visfatin mediates obesity-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent podocyte injury. METHODS Inflammasome formation and immunofluorescence expressions were quantified by confocal microscopy. Caspase-activity, IL-1β production and VEGF concentrations were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Confocal microscopic analysis showed that visfatin treatment increased the colocalization of Nlrp3 with Asc or Nlrp3 with caspase-1 in podocytes indicating the formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. This visfatin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation was abolished by pretreatment of podocytes with Asc siRNA. Correspondingly, visfatin treatment significantly increased the caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production in podocytes, which was significantly attenuated by Asc siRNA transfection. Further RT-PCR and confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that visfatin treatment significantly decreased the podocin expression (podocyte damage). Podocytes pretreatment with Asc siRNA or caspase-1 inhibitor, WEHD attenuated this visfatin-induced podocin reduction. Furthermore, Asc siRNA transfection was found to preserve podocyte morphology by maintaining the distinct arrangement of F-actin fibers normally lost in response to visfatin. It also prevented podocyte dysfunction by restoring visfatin-induced suppression of VEGF production and secretion. CONCLUSION Visfatin induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes and thereby resulting in podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisudha Koka
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Xia
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chun Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA,
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24
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Noh SA, Kim SM, Park SH, Kim DJ, Lee JW, Kim YG, Moon JY, Lim SJ, Lee SH, Kim KP. Alterations in Lipid Profile of the Aging Kidney Identified by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2803-2812. [PMID: 31244212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During aging, the kidney undergoes functional and physiological changes that are closely affiliated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is increasing evidence supporting the role of lipid or lipid-derived mediators in the pathogenesis of CKD and other aging-related diseases. To understand the role of lipids in various metabolic processes during kidney aging, we conducted matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) analysis in kidneys harvested from young (2 months old, n = 3) and old mice (24 months old, n = 3). MALDI-IMS analysis showed an increase in ceramide level and a decrease in sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels in kidneys of old mice. The increased expression of cPLA2 and SMPD1 protein in aged kidney was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Our MALDI-IMS data showed the altered distribution of lipids in aged kidney as indicative of aging-related functional changes of the kidney. Combined analysis of MALDI-IMS and IHC confirmed lipidomic changes and expression levels of responsible enzymes as well as morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ah Noh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hwa Park
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Won Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jig Lim
- Department of Pathology , Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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25
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Lian D, Dai L, Xie Z, Zhou X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen Y. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts migration injury via ROS/TXNIP/Nlrp3 inflammasome pathway with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:209-219. [PMID: 30312877 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes serve as an intracellular machinery to initiate inflammatory response to various danger signals. However, the chronic periodontitis pathological relevance of this inflammasome activation, particularly in periodontal ligament fibroblasts, remains largely unknown. The present study demonstrated that Nlrp3 inflammasome components abundantly expressed in cultured mouse periodontal ligament fibroblasts (mPDLFs). In addition, our data demonstrated that P.g-LPS (Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide), a major injurious factor during chronic periodontitis, could induce the mPDLFs migration dysfunction and the inhibition of Nlrp3 inflammasome by Isoliquiritigenin (ISO) markedly recovered the migration dysfunction in mPDLFs. And Nlrp3 inflammasome components could be aggregated to form an inflammasome complex on stimulation of P.g-LPS, as shown by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Correspondingly, P.g-LPS induced Nlrp3 inflammasome activation, caspase-1 activation, IL-1β and HMGB1 release, which were blocked by Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitor (ISO). Interestingly, reactive oxygen species, TXNIP protein and TXNIP binding to Nlrp3 were markedly increased in mPDLFs with P.g-LPS. Furthermore, ROS generation inhibitor (Apocynin; APO) significantly reduced Nlrp3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β production in mPDLFs with P.g-LPS. And APO attenuated P.g-LPS-induced TXNIP protein expression and mPDLFs injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ROS/TXNIP/Nlrp3 Inflammasome pathway is a key initiating mechanism necessary for P.g-LPS-induced subsequent mPDLFs inflammatory response leading to chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lian
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Linfeng Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 3455 CULLEN BLVD, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, The school of Dental Medicine, Jinan University, No. 613W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd., Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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26
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Li G, Zhang Q, Hong J, Ritter JK, Li PL. Inhibition of pannexin-1 channel activity by adiponectin in podocytes: Role of acid ceramidase activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1246-1256. [PMID: 30077007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pannexin-1 (Panx1) channel has been reported to mediate the release of ATP that is involved in local tissue inflammation, obesity, and many chronic degenerative diseases. It remains unknown whether Panx1 is present in podocytes and whether this channel in podocytes mediates ATP release leading to glomerular inflammation or fibrosis. To answer these questions, we first characterized the expression of Panx channels in podocytes. Among the three known pannexins, Panx1 was the most enriched in podocytes, either cultured or native in mouse glomeruli. Using a Port-a-Patch planar patch-clamp system, we recorded a large voltage-gated outward current through podocyte membrane under the Cs+in/Na+out gradient. Substitution of gluconate or aspartate for chloride in the bath solution blocked voltage-gated outward currents and shifted the reversal potential of Panx1 currents to the right, indicating the anion permeability of this channel. Pharmacologically, the recorded voltage-gated outward currents were substantially attenuated by specific Panx1 channel inhibitors. Given the anti-inflammatory and intracellular ATP restorative effects of adiponectin, we tested whether this adipokine inhibits Panx1 channel activity to block ATP release. Adiponectin blocked Panx1 channel activity in podocytes. Mechanistically, inhibition of acid ceramidase (AC) remarkably enhanced Panx1 channel activity under control conditions and prevented the inhibition of Panx1 channel by adiponectin. Correspondingly, intracellular addition of AC products, sphingosine or sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), blocked Panx1 channel activity, while elevation of intracellular ceramide had no effect on Panx1 channel activity. These results suggest that adiponectin inhibits Panx1 channel activity in podocytes through activation of AC and associated elevation of intracellular S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Jinni Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America.
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27
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Wang L, Chen Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Gulbins E, Zhang Y. Enhancement of endothelial permeability by free fatty acid through lysosomal cathepsin B-mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:73229-41. [PMID: 27689324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for exacerbating chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. High serum level of saturated free fatty acids such as palmitate is an important contributor for obesity-induced diseases. Here, we examined the contribution of inflammasome activation in vascular cells to free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury in obesity. Our findings demonstrated that high fat diet-induced impairment of vascular integrity and enhanced vascular permeability in the myocardium in mice were significantly attenuated by Nlrp3 gene deletion. In microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs), palmitate markedly induces Nlrp3 inflammasome complex formation leading to caspase-1 activation and IL1β production. By fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we observed that such palmitate-induced Nlrp3 inflammasome activated was accompanied by a reduction in inter-endothelial tight junction proteins ZO-1/ZO-2. Such palmitate-induced decrease of ZO-1/ZO-2 was also correlated with an increase in the permeability of endothelial monolayers treated with palmitates. Moreover, palmitate-induced alterations in ZO-1/ZO-2 or permeability were significantly reversed by an inflammasome activity inhibitor, YVAD, or a high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) activity inhibitor glycyrrhizin. Lastly, blockade of cathepsin B with Ca-074Me significantly abolished palmitate-induced activation of Nlrp3 inflammasomes, down-regulation of ZO-1/ZO-2, and enhanced permeability in MVECs or their monolayers. Together, these data strongly suggest that activation of endothelial inflammasomes due to increased free fatty acids produces HMGB1, which disrupts inter-endothelial junctions and increases paracellular permeability of endothelium contributing to early onset of endothelial injury during obesity.
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Li J, Wang B, Zhou G, Yan X, Zhang Y. Tetrahydroxy Stilbene Glucoside Alleviates High Glucose-Induced MPC5 Podocytes Injury Through Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome. Am J Med Sci 2018; 355:588-596. [PMID: 29891042 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) is an active ingredient of Heshouwu and is an antioxidant. The underlying mechanisms of the renoprotective effect of TSG in diabetic nephropathy have not been previously reported. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of TSG in preventing podocytes injury in high glucose (HG) condition. METHODS Cultured mouse podocytes (MPC5) were incubated in HG (30mmol/L) plus various concentration of TSG (0.1, 1 and 10μM) for 48 hours. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence intensity, caspase-3 activity and the mRNA expression of nephrin in cultured podocytes were determined. The protein expression of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammsome, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nephrin was detected by Western blot. RESULTS When the podocytes were incubated with various concentrations of TSG under HG conditions for 48 hours, TSG decreased ROS production, MDA levels, TUNEL fluorescence intensity and caspase-3 activity, but increased cell viability and the expression of nephrin in HG-induced podocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, the podocytes treated with TSG at 10 μΜ decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β compared with that of control. Furthermore, the podocytes transfected with NLRP3- small interfering RNA (siRNA) exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, but exhibited a significant increase in the expression of nephrin. Eventually, TSG significantly increased the expression of nephrin in IL-1β-treated podocytes. CONCLUSIONS TSG attenuates high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in vitro partly through the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Weihai Municipal Hospital, 264200, Weihai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Weihai Municipal Hospital, 264200, Weihai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangjie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Weihai Municipal Hospital, 264200, Weihai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiujuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Weihai Municipal Hospital, 264200, Weihai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Weihai Municipal Hospital, 264200, Weihai, Shandong Province, China.
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Abstract
This review provides an overview on components of the sphingolipid superfamily, on their localization and metabolism. Information about the sphingolipid biological activity in cell physiopathology is given. Recent studies highlight the role of sphingolipids in inflammatory process. We summarize the emerging data that support the different roles of the sphingolipid members in specific phases of inflammation: (1) migration of immune cells, (2) recognition of exogenous agents, and (3) activation/differentiation of immune cells.
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30
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Abstract
Over the last decade, various sphingolipid subspecies have gained increasing attention as important signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation and tissue remodeling. These mediators include ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the cerebroside glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and the gangliosides GM3 and Gb3. These lipids have been shown to accumulate in various chronic kidney diseases that typically end in renal fibrosis and ultimately renal failure. This review will summarize the effects and contributions of those enzymes that regulate the generation and interconversion of these lipids, notably the acid sphingomyelinase, the acid sphingomyelinase-like protein SMPDL3B, the sphingosine kinases, the S1P lyase, the glucosylceramide synthase, the GM3 synthase, and the α-galactosidase A, to renal fibrotic diseases. Strategies of manipulating these enzymes for therapeutic purposes and the impact of existing drugs on renal pathologies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe- University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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31
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Meng N, Xia M, Lu YQ, Wang M, Boini KM, Li PL, Tang WX. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in mouse hepatic stellate cells during Schistosoma J. infection. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39316-39331. [PMID: 27322427 PMCID: PMC5129935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major pathological changes during Schistosoma J. infection are characterized by granulomatous inflammation in the liver, a cellular immune response to schistosomal egg antigens. The molecular mechanisms initiating or promoting this schistosomal granulomatous inflammation remain poorly understood. In the present study, we first demonstrated that in mice infected with Schistosoma J. for 6 weeks exhibited increased levels of IL-1β in liver, a major product of NLRP3 inflammasomes and collagen deposition around the eosinophilic granuloma with Schistosoma J. eggs, which was substantially attenuated by caspase-1 inhibitor, YVAD. This activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome occurred in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as shown by a marked increase in co-localization of IL-1β with HSCs marker, desmin. Using isolated, cultured mouse HSCs, we further explored the mechanisms by which soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma J. activates NLRP3 inflammasomes. SEA induced the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, which was associated with both redox regulation and lysosomal dysfunction, but not with potassium channel activation. These results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HSCs may serve as an early mechanism to turn on the inflammatory response and thereby instigate liver fibrosis during Schistosoma J. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Meng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ya-Qi Lu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Wang-Xian Tang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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32
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Boini KM, Hussain T, Li PL, Koka S. Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Instigates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Endothelial Dysfunction. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 44:152-162. [PMID: 29130962 DOI: 10.1159/000484623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a product of intestinal microbial metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine has been recently associated with atherosclerosis and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in rodents and humans. However, the molecular mechanisms of how TMAO induces atherosclerosis and CVD progression are still unclear. The present study tested whether TMAO induces NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation and thereby contributes to endothelial injury initiating atherogenesis. METHODS Inflammasome formation and activation was determined by confocal microscopy, caspase-1 activity was measured by colorimetric assay, IL-1β production was measured using ELISA, cell permeability was determined by microplate reader and ZO-1 expression was determined by western blot analysis and confocal microscopy. In in vivo experiments, TMAO was infused by osmotic pump implantation. RESULTS TMAO treatment significantly increased the colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc or NLRP3 with caspase-1, caspase-1 activity, IL-1β production, cell permeability in carotid artery endothelial cells (CAECs) compared to control cells. Pretreatment with caspase-1 inhibitor, WEHD or Nlrp3 siRNA abolished the TMAO-induced inflammasome formation, activation and cell permeability in these cells. In addition, we explored the mechanisms by which TMAO activates NLRP3 inflammasomes. TMAO-induced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes was associated with both redox regulation and lysosomal dysfunction. In animal experiments, direct infusion of TMAO in mice with partially ligated carotid artery were found to have increased NLRP3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β production in the intima of wild type mice. CONCLUSION The formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by TMAO may be an important initiating mechanism to turn on the endothelial inflammatory response leading to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tahir Hussain
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sai Koka
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Pavillard LE, Cañadas-Lozano D, Alcocer-Gómez E, Marín-Aguilar F, Pereira S, Robertson AAB, Muntané J, Ryffel B, Cooper MA, Quiles JL, Bullón P, Ruiz-Cabello J, Cordero MD. NLRP3-inflammasome inhibition prevents high fat and high sugar diets-induced heart damage through autophagy induction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99740-99756. [PMID: 29245937 PMCID: PMC5725128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3-inflammasome complex has emerged as an important component of inflammatory processes in metabolic dysfunction induced by high-caloric diets. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms by which NLRP3 inhibition may attenuate diet-induced cardiac injury. Here we show the cardiac damage induced by high sugar diet (HSD), high fat diet (HFD) or high sugar/fat diet (HSFD) over 15 weeks. Genetic ablation of NLRP3 protected against this damage by autophagy induction and apoptotic control. Furthermore, NLRP3 inhibition by the selective small molecule MCC950 resulted in similar autophagy induction and apoptotic control in hearts after diets. These data were reproduced in THP-1 cells treated with MCC950 and cultured in media supplemented with serum from mice dosed with MCC950 and fed with diets. NLRP3 inhibition exerted beneficial metabolic, and autophagic adaptations in hearts from obesogenic diets. The inhibition of NLRP3 activation may hold promise in the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís E Pavillard
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Diego Cañadas-Lozano
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Fabiola Marín-Aguilar
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sheila Pereira
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital, IBiS, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD o Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Advanced Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, and Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Koka S, Xia M, Chen Y, Bhat OM, Yuan X, Boini KM, Li PL. Endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and arterial neointima formation associated with acid sphingomyelinase during hypercholesterolemia. Redox Biol 2017. [PMID: 28633109 PMCID: PMC5479959 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported to be activated by atherogenic factors, whereby endothelial injury and consequent atherosclerotic lesions are triggered in the arterial wall. However, the mechanisms activating and regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes remain poorly understood. The present study tested whether acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and ceramide associated membrane raft (MR) signaling platforms contribute to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and atherosclerotic lesions during hypercholesterolemia. We found that 7-ketocholesterol (7-Keto) or cholesterol crystal (ChC) markedly increased the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in mouse carotid arterial endothelial cells (CAECs), as shown by increased colocalization of NLRP3 with ASC or caspase-1, enhanced caspase-1 activity and elevated IL-1β levels, which were markedly attenuated by mouse Asm siRNA, ASM inhibitor- amitriptyline, and deletion of mouse Asm gene. In CAECs with NLRP3 inflammasome formation, membrane raft (MR) clustering with NADPH oxidase subunits was found remarkably increased as shown by CTXB (MR marker) and gp91phox aggregation indicating the formation of MR redox signaling platforms. This MR clustering was blocked by MR disruptor (MCD), ROS scavenger (Tempol) and TXNIP inhibitor (verapamil), accompanied by attenuation of 7-Keto or ChC-induced increase in caspase-1 activity. In animal experiments, Western diet fed mice with partially ligated left carotid artery (PLCA) were found to have significantly increased neointimal formation, which was associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β production in the intima of Asm+/+ mice but not in Asm-/- mice. These results suggest that Asm gene and ceramide associated MR clustering are essential to endothelial inflammasome activation and dysfunction in the carotid arteries, ultimately determining the extent of atherosclerotic lesions. ASM mediates 7-Keto or ChC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in CAECs. Asm gene is essential to enhanced atherosclerotic lesions in the PLCA of mice. ASM-NLRP3 inflammasome mediate7-Keto or ChC-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisudha Koka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Li G, Chen Z, Bhat OM, Zhang Q, Abais-Battad JM, Conley SM, Ritter JK, Li PL. NLRP3 inflammasome as a novel target for docosahexaenoic acid metabolites to abrogate glomerular injury. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1080-1090. [PMID: 28404641 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in podocyte injury and glomerular sclerosis during hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcys). However, it remains unclear whether the NLRP3 inflammasome can be a therapeutic target for treatment of hHcys-induced kidney injury. Given that DHA metabolites-resolvins have potent anti-inflammatory effects, the present study tested whether the prototype, resolvin D1 (RvD1), and 17S-hydroxy DHA (17S-HDHA), an intermediate product, abrogate hHcys-induced podocyte injury by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. In vitro, confocal microscopy demonstrated that 17S-HDHA (100 nM) and RvD1 (60 nM) prevented Hcys-induced formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, as shown by reduced colocalization of NLRP3 with apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) or caspase-1. Both DHA metabolites inhibited Hcys-induced caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β production. However, DHA had no significant effect on these Hcys-induced changes in podocytes. In vivo, DHA lipoxygenase metabolites substantially inhibited podocyte NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation and consequent glomerular sclerosis in mice with hHcys. Mechanistically, RvD1 and 17S-HDHA were shown to suppress Hcys-induced formation of lipid raft redox signaling platforms and subsequent O2·- production in podocytes. It is concluded that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is one of the important mechanisms mediating the beneficial action of RvD1 and 17S-HDHA on Hcys-induced podocyte injury and glomerular sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Zhida Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Justine M Abais-Battad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Sabena M Conley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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