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Chown SL, Janion-Scheepers C, Marshall A, Aitkenhead IJ, Hallas R, Amy Liu WP, Phillips LM. Indigenous and introduced Collembola differ in desiccation resistance but not its plasticity in response to temperature. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 3:100051. [PMID: 36591563 PMCID: PMC9800180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions have significant ecological and economic impacts. Much attention is therefore focussed on predicting establishment and invasion success. Trait-based approaches are showing much promise, but are mostly restricted to investigations of plants. Although the application of these approaches to animals is growing rapidly, it is rare for arthropods and restricted mostly to investigations of thermal tolerance. Here we study the extent to which desiccation tolerance and its phenotypic plasticity differ between introduced (nine species) and indigenous (seven species) Collembola, specifically testing predictions of the 'ideal weed' and 'phenotypic plasticity' hypotheses of invasion biology. We do so on the F2 generation of adults in a full factorial design across two temperatures, to elicit desiccation responses, for the phenotypic plasticity trials. We also determine whether basal desiccation resistance responds to thermal laboratory natural selection. We first show experimentally that acclimation to different temperatures elicits changes to cuticular structure and function that are typically associated with water balance, justifying our experimental approach. Our main findings reveal that basal desiccation resistance differs, on average, between the indigenous and introduced species, but that this difference is weaker at higher temperatures, and is driven by particular taxa, as revealed by phylogenetic generalised least squares approaches. By contrast, the extent or form of phenotypic plasticity does not differ between the two groups, with a 'hotter is better' response being most common. Beneficial acclimation is characteristic of only a single species. Laboratory natural selection had little influence on desiccation resistance over 8-12 generations, suggesting that environmental filtering rather than adaptation to new environments may be an important factor influencing Collembola invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Charlene Janion-Scheepers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Angus Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ian J Aitkenhead
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rebecca Hallas
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - WP Amy Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Laura M Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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2
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Phillips LM, Aitkenhead I, Janion-Scheepers C, King CK, McGeoch MA, Nielsen UN, Terauds A, Liu WPA, Chown SL. Basal tolerance but not plasticity gives invasive springtails the advantage in an assemblage setting. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa049. [PMID: 32577288 PMCID: PMC7294889 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As global climates change, alien species are anticipated to have a growing advantage relative to their indigenous counterparts, mediated through consistent trait differences between the groups. These insights have largely been developed based on interspecific comparisons using multiple species examined from different locations. Whether such consistent physiological trait differences are present within assemblages is not well understood, especially for animals. Yet, it is at the assemblage level that interactions play out. Here, we examine whether physiological trait differences observed at the interspecific level are also applicable to assemblages. We focus on the Collembola, an important component of the soil fauna characterized by invasions globally, and five traits related to fitness: critical thermal maximum, minimum and range, desiccation resistance and egg development rate. We test the predictions that the alien component of a local assemblage has greater basal physiological tolerances or higher rates, and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than the indigenous component. Basal critical thermal maximum, thermal tolerance range, desiccation resistance, optimum temperature for egg development, the rate of development at that optimum and the upper temperature limiting egg hatching success are all significantly higher, on average, for the alien than the indigenous components of the assemblage. Outcomes for critical thermal minimum are variable. No significant differences in phenotypic plasticity exist between the alien and indigenous components of the assemblage. These results are consistent with previous interspecific studies investigating basal thermal tolerance limits and development rates and their phenotypic plasticity, in arthropods, but are inconsistent with results from previous work on desiccation resistance. Thus, for the Collembola, the anticipated advantage of alien over indigenous species under warming and drying is likely to be manifest in local assemblages, globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ian Aitkenhead
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Charlene Janion-Scheepers
- Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Catherine K King
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Melodie A McGeoch
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Uffe N Nielsen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Aleks Terauds
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - W P Amy Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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van Dorst J, Wilkins D, King CK, Spedding T, Hince G, Zhang E, Crane S, Ferrari B. Applying microbial indicators of hydrocarbon toxicity to contaminated sites undergoing bioremediation on subantarctic Macquarie Island. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113780. [PMID: 31887587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are useful biological indicators of toxicity and play a key role in the functioning of healthy soils. In this study, we investigated the residual toxicity of hydrocarbons in aged contaminated soils and determined the extent of microbial community recovery during in-situ bioremediation at subantarctic Macquarie Island. Previously identified microbial indicators of hydrocarbon toxicity were used to understand interactions between hydrocarbon concentrations, soil physicochemical parameters and the microbial community. Despite the complexity of the field sites, which included active fuel storage areas with high levels of soil heterogeneity, multiple spill events and variable fuel sources, we observed consistent microbial community traits associated with exposure to high concentrations of hydrocarbons. These included; reductions in alpha diversity, inhibition of nitrification potential and a reduction in the ratio of oligotrophic to copiotrophic species. These observed responses and the sensitivity of microbial communities in the field, were comparable to sensitivity estimates obtained in a previous lab-based mesocosm study with hydrocarbon spiked soils. This study provides a valuable and often missing link between the quite disparate conditions of controlled lab-based spiking experiments and the complexity presented by 'real-world' contaminated field sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie van Dorst
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Wilkins
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Catherine K King
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tim Spedding
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Greg Hince
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Eden Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally Crane
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda Ferrari
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
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4
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Mooney TJ, Wasley J, Raymond B, Andrew NR, King CK. Response of the Native Springtail Parisotoma insularis to Diesel Fuel-Contaminated Soils Under Field-Realistic Exposure Conditions at Subantarctic Macquarie Island. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:565-574. [PMID: 30900814 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of sites contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons from past fuel spills are currently undergoing remediation on subantarctic Macquarie Island (under the jurisdiction of Tasmania, Australia). To assess the environmental risks these spills pose, and to establish remediation targets and guideline values, toxicity data for a range of native biota are required. The availability of data for local biota is limited, especially for soil invertebrates, which are critical to soil health. To examine the response of naturally occurring soil invertebrate communities to fuel contamination, intact soil cores from a range of soil types were collected along an organic carbon (OC) gradient. Organic carbon was factored into the toxicity assessment due to its toxicity-modifying potential. Soil cores were spiked with Special Antarctic Blend diesel, to mimic a fresh fuel spill at the soil surface. Springtails were the most abundant taxa, with the community heavily dominated by the native species Parisotoma insularis. This species was sensitive to fuel contamination (EC20 48 mg/kg, CI 5-188), irrespective of soil organic content. This study is the first to derive critical effect concentrations (CECs) for a subantarctic springtail species and provides important data that will be incorporated into future derivation of site-specific soil quality guideline values for fuels for Macquarie Island soils and the broader subantarctic region. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:565-574. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania
- Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Wasley
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania
| | - Ben Raymond
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine K King
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania
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5
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Leihy RI, Duffy GA, Nortje E, Chown SL. High resolution temperature data for ecological research and management on the Southern Ocean Islands. Sci Data 2018; 5:180177. [PMID: 30179229 PMCID: PMC6122169 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Ocean Islands are globally significant conservation areas. Predicting how their terrestrial ecosystems will respond to current and forecast climate change is essential for their management and requires high-quality temperature data at fine spatial resolutions. Existing datasets are inadequate for this purpose. Remote-sensed land surface temperature (LST) observations, such as those collected by satellite-mounted spectroradiometers, can provide high-resolution, spatially-continuous data for isolated locations. These methods require a clear sightline to measure surface conditions, however, which can leave large data-gaps in temperature time series. Using a spatio-temporal gap-filling method applied to high-resolution (~1 km) LST observations for 20 Southern Ocean Islands, we compiled a complete monthly temperature dataset for a 15-year period (2001-2015). We validated results using in situ measurements of microclimate temperature. Gap-filled temperature observations described the thermal heterogeneity of the region better than existing climatology datasets, particularly for islands with steep elevational gradients and strong prevailing winds. This dataset will be especially useful for terrestrial ecologists, conservation biologists, and for developing island-specific management and mitigation strategies for environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel I. Leihy
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Grant A. Duffy
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Erika Nortje
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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6
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Errington I, King CK, Houlahan S, George SC, Michie A, Hose GC. The influence of vegetation and soil properties on springtail communities in a diesel-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1098-1104. [PMID: 29734588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil health is important for the functioning of all terrestrial ecosystems, but may be impacted by contamination. Soil contamination may in turn necessitate rehabilitation and remediation works, but many of the techniques currently used cause physical disturbance to the soil structure, which may in itself affect soil assemblages. An understanding of the relative influence of these two types of disturbance on soil biota is needed to inform in situ remediation activities. Subantarctic Macquarie Island provides an ideal location to study these interactions because soil biodiversity is naturally low and a number of diesel spills have undergone active in situ remediation in recent years. In this study, soil cores were collected in triplicate from 21 locations. Springtails were extracted and identified to genus/species level. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations were measured at the surface and at 0.5m depth at each site, as was vegetation coverage and a range of soil properties. The relationships between these data were examined using distance-based linear models. Together, all environmental variables (vegetation and soil properties) explained a total of 76% of the variation in springtail assemblages. Soil properties alone accounted for 52% of the variation in springtail assemblages, of which bulk density was most important followed by soil conductivity and pH. Vegetation cover by the four plant taxa accounted for 34% of variation observed, with Leptinella plumosa and Poa foliosa having the greatest influence. Surface and underlying TPH concentration did not have a significant effect on springtail assemblages. Overall, factors that can be linked to physical soil disturbance had greater influence over springtail assemblages than did soil contamination. This finding may influence the selection of the most appropriate contaminant management approach for environmentally sensitive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Errington
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine K King
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - Sarah Houlahan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon C George
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander Michie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grant C Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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7
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Errington I, King CK, Wilkins D, Spedding T, Hose GC. Ecosystem effects and the management of petroleum-contaminated soils on subantarctic islands. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:200-210. [PMID: 29207352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human activity in the Polar Regions has resulted in petroleum contamination of soils. In this context, subantarctic islands are a unique management challenge for climatic, biological and logistical reasons. In this review we identify the main abiotic factors affecting petroleum-contaminated soils in the subantarctic environment, the primary effects of such contamination on biota, and lessons learned with regards to remediation techniques in this region. The sensitivity of biota to contamination depends on organism life stage, on soil properties, and on the degree of contaminant weathering. Initial studies using species endemic to subantarctic islands suggest that for fresh diesel fuel, sensitivities may range between 103 and 20 000 mg total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) kg -1 soil. Diesel that has undergone a short period of weathering is generally more toxic, with sensitivities ranging between 52 and 13 000 mg TPH kg-1 soil for an earthworm and a grass respectively (based on EC20 and IC50 values). A sufficient body of data from which to develop remediation targets for existing spills in the region does not yet exist for the region, but there has been a recent increase in research attention to address this data gap. A range of remediation methods have also now been trialled, and techniques such as in-ground aeration and nutrient addition have achieved some success. Passive management techniques such as permeable reactive barriers and phytoremediation are in preliminary stages of investigation for the region and show promise, not least because they cause less collateral disturbance than other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Errington
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine K King
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - Daniel Wilkins
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - Tim Spedding
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - Grant C Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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8
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Basal resistance enhances warming tolerance of alien over indigenous species across latitude. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:145-150. [PMID: 29255020 PMCID: PMC5776815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715598115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How climate change and biological invasions interact to affect biodiversity is of major concern to conservation. Quantitative evidence for the nature of climate change–invasion interactions is, however, limited. For the soil ecosystem fauna, such evidence is nonexistent. Yet across the globe, soil-dwelling animals regulate belowground functioning and have pronounced influences on aboveground dynamics. Using springtails as an exemplar taxon, widely known to have species-specific effects on below- and aboveground dynamics, we show that across a wide latitudinal span (16–54°S), alien species have greater ability to tolerate climate change-associated warming than do their indigenous counterparts. The consequences of such consistent differences are profound given globally significant invasions of soil systems by springtails. Soil systems are being increasingly exposed to the interactive effects of biological invasions and climate change, with rising temperatures expected to benefit alien over indigenous species. We assessed this expectation for an important soil-dwelling group, the springtails, by determining whether alien species show broader thermal tolerance limits and greater tolerance to climate warming than their indigenous counterparts. We found that, from the tropics to the sub-Antarctic, alien species have the broadest thermal tolerances and greatest tolerance to environmental warming. Both groups of species show little phenotypic plasticity or potential for evolutionary change in tolerance to high temperature. These trait differences between alien and indigenous species suggest that biological invasions will exacerbate the impacts of climate change on soil systems, with profound implications for terrestrial ecosystem functioning.
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Detection and eradication of a non-native Collembola incursion in a hydroponics facility in East Antarctica. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Phillips L, Janion-Scheepers C, Houghton M, Terauds A, Potapov M, Chown SL. Range expansion of two invasive springtails on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leinaas HP, Bengtsson J, Janion-Scheepers C, Chown SL. Indirect effects of habitat disturbance on invasion: nutritious litter from a grazing resistant plant favors alien over native Collembola. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3462-71. [PMID: 26380678 PMCID: PMC4569040 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are major threats to biodiversity, with impacts that may be compounded by other forms of environmental change. Observations of high density of the invasive springtail (Collembola), Hypogastrura manubrialis in heavily grazed renosterveld vegetation in the Western Cape, South Africa, raised the question of whether the invasion was favored by changes in plant litter quality associated with habitat disturbance in this vegetation type. To examine the likely mechanisms underlying the high abundance of H. manubrialis, cages with three types of naturally occurring litter with different nutrient content were placed out in the area and collected after different periods of time. Hypogastrura manubrialis was mainly found in the nutrient-rich litter of the yellowbush (Galenia africana), which responds positively to disturbance in the form of overgrazing. This suggests that invasion may have been facilitated by a positive interaction with this grazing resistant plant. By contrast, indigenous Collembola were least abundant in yellowbush litter. Negative correlations between high abundance of H. manubrialis and the abundance and diversity of other species suggest that competitive interactions might underlie low abundance of these other species at the patch level. Group behavior enables H. manubrialis to utilize efficiently this ephemeral, high quality resource, and might improve its competitive ability. The results suggest that interactions among environmental change drivers may lead to unforeseen invasion effects. H. manubrialis is not likely to be very successful in un-grazed renosterveld, but in combination with grazing, favoring the nutrient-rich yellowbush, it may become highly invasive. Field manipulations are required to fully verify these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Petter Leinaas
- Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo PO Box 1066, 0136, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlene Janion-Scheepers
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia ; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, South Africa
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Janion-Scheepers C, Deharveng L, Bedos A, Chown SL. Updated list of Collembola species currently recorded from South Africa. Zookeys 2015:55-88. [PMID: 26019671 PMCID: PMC4440272 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.503.8966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the abundance and richness of species is one of the most fundamental steps in effecting their conservation. Despite global recognition of the significance of the below-ground component of diversity for ecosystem functioning, the soil remains a poorly studied terrestrial ecosystem. In South Africa, knowledge is increasing for a variety of soil faunal groups, but many still remain poorly understood. We have started to address this gap in the knowledge of South African soil biodiversity by focusing on the Collembola in an integrated project that encompasses systematics, barcoding and ecological assessments. Here we provide an updated list of the Collembola species from South Africa. A total of 124 species from 61 genera and 17 families has been recorded, of which 75 are considered endemic, 24 widespread, and 25 introduced. This total number of species excludes the 36 species we consider to be dubious. From the published data, Collembola species richness is high compared to other African countries, but low compared to European countries. This is largely a consequence of poor sampling in the African region, as our discovery of many new species in South Africa demonstrates. Our analyses also show that much ongoing work will be required before a reasonably comprehensive and spatially explicit picture of South Africa’s springtail fauna can be provided, which may well exceed 1000 species. Such work will be necessary to help South Africa meet its commitments to biodiversity conservation, especially in the context of the 2020 Aichi targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Janion-Scheepers
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa ; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis Deharveng
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bedos
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Convey P, Chown SL, Clarke A, Barnes DKA, Bokhorst S, Cummings V, Ducklow HW, Frati F, Green TGA, Gordon S, Griffiths HJ, Howard-Williams C, Huiskes AHL, Laybourn-Parry J, Lyons WB, McMinn A, Morley SA, Peck LS, Quesada A, Robinson SA, Schiaparelli S, Wall DH. The spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity. ECOL MONOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/12-2216.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Chemosensory and thermal cue responses in the sub-Antarctic moth Pringleophaga marioni: Do caterpillars choose Wandering Albatross nest proxies? Polar Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Greenslade P, Potapov M, Russell D, Convey P. Global Collembola on Deception Island. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2012; 12:111. [PMID: 23438196 PMCID: PMC3619962 DOI: 10.1673/031.012.11101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Three new non-indigenous springtail species are recorded in recent collections made on Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic: Deuteraphorura (Deuteraphorura) cebennaria (Gisin) (Collembola: Onychiuridae), Mesaphorura macrochaeta Rusek (Tullbergiidae), and Proisotoma minuta Axelson (Isotomidae). One of these, D. (D.) cebennaria, is described. Additionally, two new indigenous species, Mesaphorura macrochaeta Rusek and Proisotoma minuta Axelson, are also recorded. The total number of Collembola species now known from the island is 14, comprised of eight native species and six non-indigenous species. This number of non-indigenous species recorded at Deception Island compares with only a single non-indigenous springtail recorded at any other maritime or continental Antarctic location. The reason underlying this high level of occurrence of non-indigenous species on Deception Island is likely to be a combination of the island's high level of human visitation and the presence of relatively benign terrestrial habitats associated with areas of geothermal activity. Two of the new records represent species recently assessed as being of the highest risk to become invaders in the less extreme environments of the subantarctic, thereby emphasising the importance and urgency of adopting and applying effective biosecurity measures to protect the unique and vulnerable ecosystems of this region. Also documented are the impacts on the soil fauna of the island from human trampling, which drastically reduced densities of both native and non-indigenous species to 1% of the abundance typical of non-trampled sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Greenslade
- Environmental Management, School of Science and Engineering, University of Ballarat, PO Box 663, Mt Helen, Victoria, Australia 3350
| | - Mikhail Potapov
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Kibalchich str., 6, korp. 5, Moscow 129164, Russia
| | - David Russell
- Dept. Soil Zoology; Section Mesofauna, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Postfach 30015, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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