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Netherway T, Bengtsson J, Buegger F, Fritscher J, Oja J, Pritsch K, Hildebrand F, Krab EJ, Bahram M. Pervasive associations between dark septate endophytic fungi with tree root and soil microbiomes across Europe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:159. [PMID: 38167673 PMCID: PMC10761831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Trees interact with a multitude of microbes through their roots and root symbionts such as mycorrhizal fungi and root endophytes. Here, we explore the role of fungal root symbionts as predictors of the soil and root-associated microbiomes of widespread broad-leaved trees across a European latitudinal gradient. Our results suggest that, alongside factors such as climate, soil, and vegetation properties, root colonization by ectomycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal, and dark septate endophytic fungi also shapes tree-associated microbiomes. Notably, the structure of root and soil microbiomes across our sites is more strongly and consistently associated with dark septate endophyte colonization than with mycorrhizal colonization and many abiotic factors. Root colonization by dark septate endophytes also has a consistent negative association with the relative abundance and diversity of nutrient cycling genes. Our study not only indicates that root-symbiotic interactions are an important factor structuring soil communities and functions in forest ecosystems, but also that the hitherto less studied dark septate endophytes are likely to be central players in these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarquin Netherway
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Franz Buegger
- Research Unit for Environmental Simulation (EUS), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Fritscher
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Jane Oja
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Research Unit for Environmental Simulation (EUS), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Falk Hildebrand
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Eveline J Krab
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, Tartu, Estonia
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Sveen TR, Viketoft M, Bengtsson J, Bahram M. Core taxa underpin soil microbial community turnover during secondary succession. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16561. [PMID: 38146666 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the processes that underpin the community assembly of bacteria is a key challenge in microbial ecology. We studied soil bacterial communities across a large-scale successional gradient of managed and abandoned grasslands paired with mature forest sites to disentangle drivers of community turnover and assembly. Diversity partitioning and phylogenetic null-modelling showed that bacterial communities in grasslands remain compositionally stable following abandonment and secondary succession but they differ markedly from fully afforested sites. Zeta diversity analyses revealed the persistence of core microbial taxa that both reflected and differed from whole-scale community turnover patterns. Differences in soil pH and C:N were the main drivers of community turnover between paired grassland and forest sites and the variability of pH within successional stages was a key factor related to the relative dominance of deterministic assembly processes. Our results indicate that grassland microbiomes could be compositionally resilient to abandonment and secondary succession and that the major changes in microbial communities between grasslands and forests occur fairly late in the succession when trees have established as the dominant vegetation. We also show that core taxa may show contrasting responses to management and abandonment in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tord Ranheim Sveen
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Viketoft
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Pérez‐Izquierdo L, Bengtsson J, Clemmensen KE, Granath G, Gundale MJ, Ibáñez TS, Lindahl BD, Strengbom J, Taylor A, Viketoft M, Wardle DA, Nilsson M. Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even-aged boreal forests. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10086. [PMID: 37206687 PMCID: PMC10191780 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited.Two years after a large wildfire in managed even-aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality).While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree- and soil-related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf-shrub Vaccinium vitis-idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil-related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree- and soil-related fire severity. Synthesis: Our results 2 years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low-severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand-replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short-term recovery of stand structure and above- and belowground species composition of even-aged P. sylvestris boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Karina E. Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Gustaf Granath
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Michael J. Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Theresa S. Ibáñez
- Department of WildlifeFish and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Björn D. Lindahl
- Department of Soil and EnvironmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Joachim Strengbom
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Astrid Taylor
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Maria Viketoft
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - David A. Wardle
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Marie‐Charlotte Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
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Thimansson E, Bengtsson J, Baubeta E, Engman J, Flondell-Sité D, Bjartell A, Zackrisson S. Deep learning algorithm performs similarly to radiologists in the assessment of prostate volume on MRI. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:2519-2528. [PMID: 36371606 PMCID: PMC10017633 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prostate volume (PV) in combination with prostate specific antigen (PSA) yields PSA density which is an increasingly important biomarker. Calculating PV from MRI is a time-consuming, radiologist-dependent task. The aim of this study was to assess whether a deep learning algorithm can replace PI-RADS 2.1 based ellipsoid formula (EF) for calculating PV. METHODS Eight different measures of PV were retrospectively collected for each of 124 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and preoperative MRI of the prostate (multicenter and multi-scanner MRI's 1.5 and 3 T). Agreement between volumes obtained from the deep learning algorithm (PVDL) and ellipsoid formula by two radiologists (PVEF1 and PVEF2) was evaluated against the reference standard PV obtained by manual planimetry by an expert radiologist (PVMPE). A sensitivity analysis was performed using a prostatectomy specimen as the reference standard. Inter-reader agreement was evaluated between the radiologists using the ellipsoid formula and between the expert and inexperienced radiologists performing manual planimetry. RESULTS PVDL showed better agreement and precision than PVEF1 and PVEF2 using the reference standard PVMPE (mean difference [95% limits of agreement] PVDL: -0.33 [-10.80; 10.14], PVEF1: -3.83 [-19.55; 11.89], PVEF2: -3.05 [-18.55; 12.45]) or the PV determined based on specimen weight (PVDL: -4.22 [-22.52; 14.07], PVEF1: -7.89 [-30.50; 14.73], PVEF2: -6.97 [-30.13; 16.18]). Inter-reader agreement was excellent between the two experienced radiologists using the ellipsoid formula and was good between expert and inexperienced radiologists performing manual planimetry. CONCLUSION Deep learning algorithm performs similarly to radiologists in the assessment of prostate volume on MRI. KEY POINTS • A commercially available deep learning algorithm performs similarly to radiologists in the assessment of prostate volume on MRI. • The deep-learning algorithm was previously untrained on this heterogenous multicenter day-to-day practice MRI data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Thimansson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Radiology, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.
| | - J Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Baubeta
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Engman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - D Flondell-Sité
- Department of Translational Medicine, Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Zackrisson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Thimansson E, Bengtsson J, Baubeta E, Engman J, Flondell-Sité D, Bjartell A, Zackrisson S. Publisher Correction: Deep learning algorithm performs similarly to radiologists in the assessment of prostate volume on MRI. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:3004. [PMID: 36474058 PMCID: PMC10017599 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Thimansson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Radiology, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.
| | - J Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Baubeta
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Engman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - D Flondell-Sité
- Department of Translational Medicine, Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Zackrisson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells gata 9, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Alterbeck M, Jiborn T, Carlsson S, Thimansson E, Bengtsson J, Bjartell A. Population-based organised prostate cancer testing: Outcomes of the first 999 men – a pilot project. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Khries M, Lim A, Mitra D, Anderson M, Bengtsson J, Bowron A, Harris E, Blickwedel J, Wood K, Basu AP. Broadening the Spectrum of SLC22A5 Phenotype: Primary Carnitine Deficiency Presenting with Focal Myoclonus. Child Neurol Open 2023; 10:2329048X231184183. [PMID: 37475835 PMCID: PMC10354736 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x231184183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is caused by pathogenic variants of the SLC22A5 gene, which encodes a transmembrane protein that functions as a high affinity carnitine transporter. Carnitine is essential for the transport of acyl-CoA, produced from fatty acids, into the mitochondria where they are oxidised to produce energy. We present the case history of an 8-year-old boy who presented with fever, lethargy, focal rhythmic (3 Hz) left wrist twitching, and severe encephalopathy. MRI brain showed basal ganglia involvement. Metabolic investigations revealed low serum carnitine; whole genome sequencing confirmed compound heterozygous SLC22A5 mutations. With carnitine replacement, intensive care support, and neurorehabilitation, he made a remarkable recovery, regaining independent breathing, speech, mobility, and hand use. Seizure presentation in PCD is rare and presentation with sustained focal myoclonus has not been previously reported. This case expands the known phenotype of PCD. Prompt carnitine replacement is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maymunah Khries
- Paediatric Neurology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Albert Lim
- Paediatric Neurology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dipayan Mitra
- Neuroradiology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Anderson
- Paediatrics, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann Bowron
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- Northern Genetics Service, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jessica Blickwedel
- Paediatric Neurology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Wood
- Paediatric Neurology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna P. Basu
- Paediatric Neurology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Bodén R, Bengtsson J, Thörnblom E, Struckmann W, Persson J. Dorsomedial prefrontal theta burst stimulation to treat anhedonia, avolition, and blunted affect in schizophrenia or depression - a randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:308-315. [PMID: 34020205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) over the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) has shown promise in open-label trials of depression. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, sham controlled trial we evaluate iTBS over the DMPFC for anhedonia, avolition, and blunted affect in patients with schizophrenia or depression. Active iTBS was delivered over the DMPFC with 1200 pulses per session, twice daily over ten weekdays at target intensity with an angled figure-of eight coil. Sham condition comprised the magnetically shielded side of the coil and simultaneous transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Primary outcome was change on the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS). RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were randomized to active iTBS and 28 to sham. Mean (standard deviation) change in CAINS score from baseline to the day after last treatment was -5.3 (8.1) in active iTBS and -2.1 (7.1) in sham. A linear model showed no significant effect of treatment, accounting for baseline scores p=.088. Sub analyses per diagnostic group showed a significant effect in patients with depression, p=.038, but not in the schizophrenia group, p=.850. However, overall depressive symptoms did not change significantly in patients with depression. There were three serious adverse events, all in the sham group. LIMITATIONS Possibly too short treatment course and few patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION In this first transdiagnostic randomized controlled trial of iTBS over DMPFC for anhedonia, avolition, and blunted affect it can be concluded that it was generally tolerable and safe but only more effective than sham in the subgroup of patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bodén
- Department of Neuroscience, Pychiatry, Uppsala University, Entrance 10, ground floor, Brain Stimulation Unit, SE- 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - J Bengtsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Pychiatry, Uppsala University, Entrance 10, ground floor, Brain Stimulation Unit, SE- 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Thörnblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Pychiatry, Uppsala University, Entrance 10, ground floor, Brain Stimulation Unit, SE- 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W Struckmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Pychiatry, Uppsala University, Entrance 10, ground floor, Brain Stimulation Unit, SE- 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Persson
- Department of Neuroscience, Pychiatry, Uppsala University, Entrance 10, ground floor, Brain Stimulation Unit, SE- 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bengtsson J, Angelstam P, Elmqvist T, Emanuelsson U, Folke C, Ihse M, Moberg F, Nyström M. Reserves, resilience and dynamic landscapes 20 years later : This article belongs to Ambio's 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Biodiversity Conservation. Ambio 2021; 50:962-966. [PMID: 33566328 PMCID: PMC8035383 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Angelstam
- School for Forest Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 43, 73921 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Elmqvist
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Emanuelsson
- Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish Biodiversity Centre, SLU, Box 7012, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Folke
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 50005, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Ihse
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Moberg
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nyström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Netherway T, Bengtsson J, Krab EJ, Bahram M. Biotic interactions with mycorrhizal systems as extended nutrient acquisition strategies shaping forest soil communities and functions. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Carmona CP, Guerrero I, Peco B, Morales MB, Oñate JJ, Pärt T, Tscharntke T, Liira J, Aavik T, Emmerson M, Berendse F, Ceryngier P, Bretagnolle V, Weisser WW, Bengtsson J. Agriculture intensification reduces plant taxonomic and functional diversity across European arable systems. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Irene Guerrero
- INEA Agricultural Engineering School Comillas Pontifical University Valladolid Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global Change Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel B. Morales
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global Change Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan J. Oñate
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global Change Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Tsipe Aavik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Mark Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food Security Belfast UK
| | - Frank Berendse
- Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Ceryngier
- Institute of Biological Sciences Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Warsaw Poland
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS and Université La Rochelle Beauvoir‐sur‐Niort France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre” CNRS Beauvoir sur Niort France
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Bengtsson J, Bodén R, Olsson EMG, Mårtensson J, Gingnell M, Persson J. Autonomic modulation networks in schizophrenia: The relationship between heart rate variability and functional and structural connectivity in the brain. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 300:111079. [PMID: 32283474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV), a measurement of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, has been found reduced in schizophrenia. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is important in regulating the ANS, is structurally and functionally affected in schizophrenia. We investigate the relationship between HRV and functional and structural connectivity of the ACC in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Ten patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and ten healthy controls were recruited. Heart rate was monitored in a naturalistic out-of-clinic setting. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, including resting-state functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower HRV compared to controls. A positive correlation between ACC connectivity with the bilateral cerebellum and HRV was found in the patients. HRV was also positively correlated with amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the cerebellum, and with axial diffusivity in the middle cerebellar peduncle, in the patients. There was a significant negative relationship between antipsychotic medication dosage, HRV and all neuroimaging measures related to HRV. We conclude that ACC connectivity seems to be affected in schizophrenia, both structurally and functionally, and that the ACC-cerebellum connectivity, as well as cerebellar function, is associated with ANS regulation in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bengtsson
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - R Bodén
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E M G Olsson
- Dept. of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Mårtensson
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Dept. of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Gingnell
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Persson
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bengtsson J, Bullock JM, Egoh B, Everson C, Everson T, O'Connor T, O'Farrell PJ, Smith HG, Lindborg R. Grasslands-more important for ecosystem services than you might think. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS); Wallenberg research centre at Stellenbosch University; Marais Street Stellenbosch 7600 South Africa
| | - J. M. Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Benson Lane Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - B. Egoh
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California Irvine; Irvine California 92697 USA
- Natural Resources and the Environment; CSIR; P.O. Box 320 Stellenbosch 7599 South Africa
| | - C. Everson
- Centre for Water Resources Research; School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X01 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
| | - T. Everson
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X01 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
| | - T. O'Connor
- South African Environmental Observation Network; PO Box 2600 Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - P. J. O'Farrell
- Natural Resources and the Environment; CSIR; P.O. Box 320 Stellenbosch 7599 South Africa
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology; University of Cape Town; Private Baf X3 Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town South Africa
| | - H. G. Smith
- Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate research; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - R. Lindborg
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS); Wallenberg research centre at Stellenbosch University; Marais Street Stellenbosch 7600 South Africa
- Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University; SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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Jonsson M, Bengtsson J, Gamfeldt L, Moen J, Snäll T. Levels of forest ecosystem services depend on specific mixtures of commercial tree species. Nat Plants 2019; 5:141-147. [PMID: 30664731 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Global and local ecosystem change resulting in diversity loss has motivated efforts to understand relationships between species diversity and ecosystem services. However, it is unclear how such a general understanding can inform policies for the management of ecosystem services in production systems, because these systems are primarily used for food or fibre, and are rarely managed for the conservation of species diversity. Here, using data from a nationwide forest inventory covering an area of 230,000 km2, we show that relative abundances of commercial tree species in mixed stands strongly influence the potential to provide ecosystem services. The mixes provided higher levels of ecosystem services compared to respective plant monocultures (overyielding or transgressive overyielding) in 35% of the investigated cases, and lower (underyielding) in 9% of the cases. We further show that relative abundances, not just species richness per se, of specific tree-species mixtures affect the potential of forests to provide multiple ecosystem services, which is crucial information for policy and sustainable forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Gamfeldt
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jon Moen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tord Snäll
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Bengtsson J, Tengstrand MN, Wacker A, Samuelsson P, Ueda M, Linke H, Reimann SM. Quantum Szilard Engine with Attractively Interacting Bosons. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:100601. [PMID: 29570332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that a quantum Szilard engine containing many bosons with attractive interactions enhances the conversion between information and work. Using an ab initio approach to the full quantum-mechanical many-body problem, we find that the average work output increases significantly for a larger number of bosons. The highest overshoot occurs at a finite temperature, demonstrating how thermal and quantum effects conspire to enhance the conversion between information and work. The predicted effects occur over a broad range of interaction strengths and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bengtsson
- Mathematical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - A Wacker
- Mathematical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Samuelsson
- Mathematical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 11 3-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Linke
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - S M Reimann
- Mathematical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Widenfalk LA, Leinaas HP, Bengtsson J, Birkemoe T. Age and level of self‐organization affect the small‐scale distribution of springtails (Collembola). Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lina A. Widenfalk
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box 7044 Uppsala SE‐75007 Sweden
| | - Hans Petter Leinaas
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo P.O. Box 1066, Blindern Oslo N‐0316 Norway
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box 7044 Uppsala SE‐75007 Sweden
| | - Tone Birkemoe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås NO 1432 Norway
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17
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Lindborg R, Gordon LJ, Malinga R, Bengtsson J, Peterson G, Bommarco R, Deutsch L, Gren Å, Rundlöf M, Smith HG. How spatial scale shapes the generation and management of multiple ecosystem services. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Lindborg
- Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS) Wallenberg Research Centre Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7599 South Africa
| | - Line J. Gordon
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rebecka Malinga
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Centre for Water Resources Research University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban 4041 South Africa
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS) Wallenberg Research Centre Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7599 South Africa
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Garry Peterson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lisa Deutsch
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Åsa Gren
- Beijer Institute 114 18 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology Lund University 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Beijer Institute 114 18 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biology Lund University 223 62 Lund Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research Lund University 223 62 Lund Sweden
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18
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Bengtsson J, Adlerberth I, Östblom A, Saksena P, Öresland T, Börjesson L. Effect of probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum 299 plus Bifidobacterium Cure21) in patients with poor ileal pouch function: a randomised controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:1087-92. [PMID: 27150635 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2016.1161067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor pouch function after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis is a considerable problem. Pouchitis and functional disorders are the most common reasons. Probiotics seem to have a beneficial effect in pouchitis but have not been assessed in functional pouch disorders. The aim was to analyse the effects of probiotics in patients with poor pouch function. METHODS Thirty-three patients were randomized to probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum 299 and Bifidobacterium infantis Cure 21) or placebo in a double blinded, 1:1 fashion. The treatment effect was assessed by the pouch functional score (PFS; 0-15, 15 worst), pouchitis disease activity index (PDAI; 0-18, 18 worst), and levels of four faecal biomarkers of inflammation (calprotectin, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase [MPO] and eosinophilic cationic protein [ECP]). RESULTS Thirty-two patients were included (probiotics = 17, placebo = 16). There was no difference in change in the PFS from before to after treatment between the groups (median difference: -1.00, 95% C.I. -3.00 to 0.00, p = 0.119). Furthermore, probiotics had no effect on PDAI (median difference: 0.00, 95% C.I. 0.00-1.00, p = 0.786), or on faecal biomarkers. Significant correlations were observed between PDAI and each of the faecal biomarkers at study start. There were no correlations between PFS or PDAI symptom subscore and the biomarkers. PDAI endoscopic and histologic subscores correlated significantly to each of the biomarkers. CONCLUSION The hypothesis that probiotics improves pouch-related dysfunction was not confirmed. Faecal biomarkers could play a future role in the management of pouch patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bengtsson
- a Department of Surgery , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - I Adlerberth
- b Department of Infectious Diseases , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - A Östblom
- b Department of Infectious Diseases , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - P Saksena
- c Department of Pathology , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - T Öresland
- d Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - L Börjesson
- a Department of Surgery , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Haglund E, Gustavsson JS, Bengtsson J, Haglund Å, Larsson A, Fattal D, Sorin W, Tan M. Demonstration of post-growth wavelength setting of VCSELs using high-contrast gratings. Opt Express 2016; 24:1999-2005. [PMID: 26906776 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, for the first time, post-growth wavelength setting of electrically-injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) by using high-contrast gratings (HCGs) with different grating parameters. By fabricating HCGs with different duty cycle and period, the HCG reflection phase can be varied, in effect giving different optical cavity lengths for HCG-VCSELs with different grating parameters. This enables fabrication of monolithic multi-wavelength HCG-VCSEL arrays for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). The GaAs HCG is suspended in air by removing a sacrificial layer of InGaP. Electrically-injected 980-nm HCG-VCSELs with sub-mA threshold currents indicate high reflectivity from the GaAs HCGs. Lasing over a wavelength span of 15 nm was achieved, enabling a 4-channel WDM array with 5 nm channel spacing. A large wavelength setting span was enabled by an air-coupled cavity design and the use of only the HCG as top mirror.
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Emmerson M, Morales M, Oñate J, Batáry P, Berendse F, Liira J, Aavik T, Guerrero I, Bommarco R, Eggers S, Pärt T, Tscharntke T, Weisser W, Clement L, Bengtsson J. How Agricultural Intensification Affects Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. ADV ECOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Leinaas HP, Bengtsson J, Janion-Scheepers C, Chown SL. Indirect effects of habitat disturbance on invasion: nutritious litter from a grazing resistant plant favors alien over native Collembola. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3462-71. [PMID: 26380678 PMCID: PMC4569040 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are major threats to biodiversity, with impacts that may be compounded by other forms of environmental change. Observations of high density of the invasive springtail (Collembola), Hypogastrura manubrialis in heavily grazed renosterveld vegetation in the Western Cape, South Africa, raised the question of whether the invasion was favored by changes in plant litter quality associated with habitat disturbance in this vegetation type. To examine the likely mechanisms underlying the high abundance of H. manubrialis, cages with three types of naturally occurring litter with different nutrient content were placed out in the area and collected after different periods of time. Hypogastrura manubrialis was mainly found in the nutrient-rich litter of the yellowbush (Galenia africana), which responds positively to disturbance in the form of overgrazing. This suggests that invasion may have been facilitated by a positive interaction with this grazing resistant plant. By contrast, indigenous Collembola were least abundant in yellowbush litter. Negative correlations between high abundance of H. manubrialis and the abundance and diversity of other species suggest that competitive interactions might underlie low abundance of these other species at the patch level. Group behavior enables H. manubrialis to utilize efficiently this ephemeral, high quality resource, and might improve its competitive ability. The results suggest that interactions among environmental change drivers may lead to unforeseen invasion effects. H. manubrialis is not likely to be very successful in un-grazed renosterveld, but in combination with grazing, favoring the nutrient-rich yellowbush, it may become highly invasive. Field manipulations are required to fully verify these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Petter Leinaas
- Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo PO Box 1066, 0136, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlene Janion-Scheepers
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia ; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, South Africa
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Bengtsson J, Olsson E, Wass C, Bodén R. Theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and depression. Brain Stimul 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Astor T, Strengbom J, Berg MP, Lenoir L, Marteinsdóttir B, Bengtsson J. Underdispersion and overdispersion of traits in terrestrial snail communities on islands. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:2090-102. [PMID: 25360251 PMCID: PMC4201424 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and disentangling different processes underlying the assembly and diversity of communities remains a key challenge in ecology. Species can assemble into communities either randomly or due to deterministic processes. Deterministic assembly leads to species being more similar (underdispersed) or more different (overdispersed) in certain traits than would be expected by chance. However, the relative importance of those processes is not well understood for many organisms, including terrestrial invertebrates. Based on knowledge of a broad range of species traits, we tested for the presence of trait underdispersion (indicating dispersal or environmental filtering) and trait overdispersion (indicating niche partitioning) and their relative importance in explaining land snail community composition on lake islands. The analysis of community assembly was performed using a functional diversity index (Rao's quadratic entropy) in combination with a null model approach. Regression analysis with the effect sizes of the assembly tests and environmental variables gave information on the strength of under- and overdispersion along environmental gradients. Additionally, we examined the link between community weighted mean trait values and environmental variables using a CWM-RDA. We found both trait underdispersion and trait overdispersion, but underdispersion (eight traits) was more frequently detected than overdispersion (two traits). Underdispersion was related to four environmental variables (tree cover, habitat diversity, productivity of ground vegetation, and location on an esker ridge). Our results show clear evidence for underdispersion in traits driven by environmental filtering, but no clear evidence for dispersal filtering. We did not find evidence for overdispersion of traits due to diet or body size, but overdispersion in shell shape may indicate niche differentiation between snail species driven by small-scale habitat heterogeneity. The use of species traits enabled us to identify key traits involved in snail community assembly and to detect the simultaneous occurrence of trait underdispersion and overdispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Astor
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesP.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Joachim Strengbom
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesP.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Matty P Berg
- Department of Ecology Science, Section Animal Ecology, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Lenoir
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesP.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Bryndís Marteinsdóttir
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesP.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
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Rist L, Felton A, Nyström M, Troell M, Sponseller RA, Bengtsson J, Österblom H, Lindborg R, Tidåker P, Angeler DG, Milestad R, Moen J. Applying resilience thinking to production ecosystems. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00330.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Roos K, Hultin H, Bengtsson J, Johanson H, Stenström O, Brogren PO. [Prescription against the health care crisis]. Lakartidningen 2014; 111:776-777. [PMID: 24855741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Jonsson M, Bommarco R, Ekbom B, Smith HG, Bengtsson J, Caballero-Lopez B, Winqvist C, Olsson O. Ecological production functions for biological control services in agricultural landscapes. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 7044 SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 7044 SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Barbara Ekbom
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 7044 SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity, Ecology Building; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 7044 SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Berta Caballero-Lopez
- Arthropods Department; Natural History Museum of Barcelona; Picasso Av 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Camilla Winqvist
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 7044 SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ola Olsson
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity, Ecology Building; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
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Öborn I, Bengtsson J, Hedenus F, Rydhmer L, Stenström M, Vrede K, Westin C, Magnusson U. Scenario development as a basis for formulating a research program on future agriculture: a methodological approach. Ambio 2013; 42:823-839. [PMID: 23836311 PMCID: PMC3790135 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-013-0417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To increase the awareness of society to the challenges of global food security, we developed five contrasting global and European scenarios for 2050 and used these to identify important issues for future agricultural research. Using a scenario development method known as morphological analysis, scenarios were constructed that took economic, political, technical, and environmental factors into account. With the scenarios as a starting point future challenges were discussed and research issues and questions were identified in an interactive process with stakeholders and researchers. Based on the outcome of this process, six socioeconomic and biophysical overarching challenges for future agricultural were formulated and related research issues identified. The outcome was compared with research priorities generated in five other research programs. In comparison, our research questions focus more on societal values and the role of consumers in influencing agricultural production, as well as on policy formulation and resolving conflicting goals, areas that are presently under-represented in agricultural research. The partly new and more interdisciplinary research priorities identified in Future Agriculture compared to other programs analyzed are likely a result of the methodological approach used, combining scenarios and interaction between stakeholders and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Öborn
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7043, Ulls väg 16, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677-00100, UN Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Hedenus
- Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lotta Rydhmer
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Stenström
- Defence Analysis, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), 164 90 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Vrede
- Secretariat of the Cross-Party Committee on Environmental Objectives, Karlavägen 100A, 103 33 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles Westin
- Department of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Gamfeldt L, Snäll T, Bagchi R, Jonsson M, Gustafsson L, Kjellander P, Ruiz-Jaen MC, Fröberg M, Stendahl J, Philipson CD, Mikusiński G, Andersson E, Westerlund B, Andrén H, Moberg F, Moen J, Bengtsson J. Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1340. [PMID: 23299890 PMCID: PMC3562447 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests are of major importance to human society, contributing several crucial ecosystem services. Biodiversity is suggested to positively influence multiple services but evidence from natural systems at scales relevant to management is scarce. Here, across a scale of 400,000 km2, we report that tree species richness in production forests shows positive to positively hump-shaped relationships with multiple ecosystem services. These include production of tree biomass, soil carbon storage, berry production and game production potential. For example, biomass production was approximately 50% greater with five than with one tree species. In addition, we show positive relationships between tree species richness and proxies for other biodiversity components. Importantly, no single tree species was able to promote all services, and some services were negatively correlated to each other. Management of production forests will therefore benefit from considering multiple tree species to sustain the full range of benefits that the society obtains from forests. Tree diversity is thought to benefit forest ecosystems, but evidence from large-scale studies is scarce. This study of a 400,000 km2 forest area shows that higher tree species richness supports higher levels of multiple ecosystem services, and therefore also a more sustainable management of production forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Gamfeldt
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Winqvist C, Ahnström J, Bengtsson J. Effects of organic farming on biodiversity and ecosystem services: taking landscape complexity into account. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1249:191-203. [PMID: 22335471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent intensification of the arable landscape by modern agriculture has had negative effects on biodiversity. Organic farming has been introduced to mitigate negative effects, but is organic farming beneficial to biodiversity? In this review, we summarize recent research on the effects of organic farming on arable biodiversity of plants, arthropods, soil biota, birds, and mammals. The ecosystem services of pollination, biological control, seed predation, and decomposition are also included in this review. So far, organic farming seems to enhance the species richness and abundance of many common taxa, but its effects are often species specific and trait or context dependant. The landscape surrounding the focal field or farm also seems to be important. Landscape either enhances or reduces the positive effects of organic farming or acts via interactions where the surrounding landscape affects biodiversity or ecosystem services differently on organic and conventional farms. Finally, we discuss some of the potential mechanisms behind these results and how organic farming may develop in the future to increase its potential for sustaining biodiversity and associated ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Winqvist
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dufva C, Bengtsson J, Svensson M, Nilsson A. Forensic analysis of magnetic stripe skimmer devices. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2011.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Janion C, Bedos A, Bengtsson J, Deharveng L, Jansen van Vuuren B, Leinaas HP, Liu A, Malmström A, Porco D, Chown SL. Springtail diversity in South Africa. S AFR J SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Arafin S, Bachmann A, Vizbaras K, Hangauer A, Gustavsson J, Bengtsson J, Larsson A, Amann MC. Comprehensive analysis of electrically-pumped GaSb-based VCSELs. Opt Express 2011; 19:17267-17282. [PMID: 21935091 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.017267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses several performance-related aspects of electrically-pumped GaSb-based buried tunnel junction VCSELs with an emission wavelength of 2.6 μm based on theoretical and experimental results. These results allow a deeper insight into the internal device physics, such as radial diffusion of carriers, maximum continuous-wave operating temperature, diffraction loss, internal temperature, gain and loss parameters, internal quantum efficiency of the active region etc. These parameters can be taken into account while designing mid-infrared lasers which leads to an improved device performance. A simple thermal model of the devices based on the two-dimensional (2-D) finite element method using the material data from the literature is also presented. In addition, an application-based result utilizing these lasers for the measurement of absolute water vapor concentration by wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) method are also described, hinting that devices are well-suited for the targeted sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arafin
- Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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Flohre A, Fischer C, Aavik T, Bengtsson J, Berendse F, Bommarco R, Ceryngier P, Clement LW, Dennis C, Eggers S, Emmerson M, Geiger F, Guerrero I, Hawro V, Inchausti P, Liira J, Morales MB, Oñate JJ, Pärt T, Weisser WW, Winqvist C, Thies C, Tscharntke T. Agricultural intensification and biodiversity partitioning in European landscapes comparing plants, carabids, and birds. Ecol Appl 2011; 21:1772-1781. [PMID: 21830717 DOI: 10.1890/10-0645.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effects of agricultural intensification (AI) on biodiversity are often assessed on the plot scale, although processes determining diversity also operate on larger spatial scales. Here, we analyzed the diversity of vascular plants, carabid beetles, and birds in agricultural landscapes in cereal crop fields at the field (n = 1350), farm (n = 270), and European-region (n = 9) scale. We partitioned diversity into its additive components alpha, beta, and gamma, and assessed the relative contribution of beta diversity to total species richness at each spatial scale. AI was determined using pesticide and fertilizer inputs, as well as tillage operations and categorized into low, medium, and high levels. As AI was not significantly related to landscape complexity, we could disentangle potential AI effects on local vs. landscape community homogenization. AI negatively affected the species richness of plants and birds, but not carabid beetles, at all spatial scales. Hence, local AI was closely correlated to beta diversity on larger scales up to the farm and region level, and thereby was an indicator of farm- and region-wide biodiversity losses. At the scale of farms (12.83-20.52%) and regions (68.34-80.18%), beta diversity accounted for the major part of the total species richness for all three taxa, indicating great dissimilarity in environmental conditions on larger spatial scales. For plants, relative importance of alpha diversity decreased with AI, while relative importance of beta diversity on the farm scale increased with AI for carabids and birds. Hence, and in contrast to our expectations, AI does not necessarily homogenize local communities, presumably due to the heterogeneity of farming practices. In conclusion, a more detailed understanding of AI effects on diversity patterns of various taxa and at multiple spatial scales would contribute to more efficient agri-environmental schemes in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Flohre
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Science, Georg-August-University, Waldweg 26, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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Geiger F, Bengtsson J, Berendse F, Weisser WW, Emmerson M, Morales MB, Ceryngier P, Liira J, Tscharntke T, Winqvist C, Eggers S, Bommarco R, Pärt T, Bretagnolle V, Plantegenest M, Clement LW, Dennis C, Palmer C, Oñate JJ, Guerrero I, Hawro V, Aavik T, Thies C, Flohre A, Hänke S, Fischer C, Goedhart PW, Inchausti P. Erratum to “Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland” [Basic Appl. Ecol. 11 (2010) 97–105]. Basic Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jonason D, Andersson GKS, Ockinger E, Rundlöf M, Smith HG, Bengtsson J. Assessing the effect of the time since transition to organic farming on plants and butterflies. J Appl Ecol 2011; 48:543-550. [PMID: 21731110 PMCID: PMC3123746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Environmental changes may not always result in rapid changes in species distributions, abundances or diversity. In order to estimate the effects of, for example, land‐use changes caused by agri‐environment schemes (AES) on biodiversity and ecosystem services, information on the time‐lag between the application of the scheme and the responses of organisms is essential. 2. We examined the effects of time since transition (TST) to organic farming on plant species richness and butterfly species richness and abundance. Surveys were conducted in cereal fields and adjacent field margins on 60 farms, 20 conventional and 40 organic, in two regions in Sweden. The organic farms were transferred from conventional management between 1 and 25 years before the survey took place. The farms were selected along a gradient of landscape complexity, indicated by the proportion of arable land, so that farms with similar TST were represented in all landscape types. Organism responses were assessed using model averaging. 3. Plant and butterfly species richness was c. 20% higher on organic farms and butterfly abundance was about 60% higher, compared with conventional farms. Time since transition affected butterfly abundance gradually over the 25‐year period, resulting in a 100% increase. In contrast, no TST effect on plant or butterfly species richness was found, indicating that the main effect took place immediately after the transition to organic farming. 4. Increasing landscape complexity had a positive effect on butterfly species richness, but not on butterfly abundance or plant species richness. There was no indication that the speed of response to organic farming was affected by landscape complexity. 5.
Synthesis and applications. The effect of organic farming on diversity was rapid for plant and butterfly species richness, whereas butterfly abundance increased gradually with time since transition. If time‐lags in responses to AESs turn out to be common, long‐term effects would need to be included in management recommendations and policy to capture the full potential of such schemes.
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Winqvist C, Bengtsson J, Aavik T, Berendse F, Clement LW, Eggers S, Fischer C, Flohre A, Geiger F, Liira J, Pärt T, Thies C, Tscharntke T, Weisser WW, Bommarco R. Mixed effects of organic farming and landscape complexity on farmland biodiversity and biological control potential across Europe. J Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Geiger F, Bengtsson J, Berendse F, Weisser WW, Emmerson M, Morales MB, Ceryngier P, Liira J, Tscharntke T, Winqvist C, Eggers S, Bommarco R, Pärt T, Bretagnolle V, Plantegenest M, Clement LW, Dennis C, Palmer C, Oñate JJ, Guerrero I, Hawro V, Aavik T, Thies C, Flohre A, Hänke S, Fischer C, Goedhart PW, Inchausti P. Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland. Basic Appl Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lindborg R, Stenseke M, Cousins SAO, Bengtsson J, Berg A, Gustafsson T, Sjödin NE, Eriksson O. Investigating biodiversity trajectories using scenarios--lessons from two contrasting agricultural landscapes. J Environ Manage 2009; 91:499-508. [PMID: 19853368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is the major land use at a global scale. In addition to food production, multifunctionality of landscapes, including values and ecosystem services like biodiversity, recreation and culture, is now focus for management. This study explores how a scenario approach, involving different stakeholders, may help to improve landscape management for biodiversity conservation. Local farmers and executives at the County Administrative Board were invited to discuss rural development and conditions for farmland biodiversity in two Swedish landscapes. The potential biodiversity for three future land use scenarios for the two landscapes was discussed: nature conservation, outdoor recreation and energy production, and compared with current and historical landscapes in each region. Analyses of habitat areas, connectedness and landscape diversity suggested that the energy and recreation scenarios had a negative impact on farmland biodiversity, whereas the nature conservation scenario, the current and historically reconstructed landscapes had a higher potential for biodiversity. The farmers appreciated the nature conservation scenario, but also the energy production scenario and they highlighted the need of increased subsidies for management of biodiversity. The farmers in the high production area were less interested in nature quality per se. The executives had similar opinions as the farmers, but disagreed on the advantages with energy production, as this would be in conflict with the high biodiversity and recreational values. The local physical and socio-economical conditions differ between landscapes and potentially shaped the stakeholders emotional attachment to the local environment, their opinions and decisions on how to manage the land. We stress the importance of incorporating local knowledge, visions and regional prerequisites for different land uses in conservation, since site and landscape specific planning for biodiversity together with a flexible subsidy system are necessary to reach the conservation goals within EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Lindborg
- Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bengtsson J, Ederoth P, Ley D, Hansson S, Amer-Wåhlin I, Hellström-Westas L, Marsál K, Nordström CH, Hammarlund-Udenaes M. The influence of age on the distribution of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide across the blood-brain barrier in sheep. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:1085-96. [PMID: 19438510 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effect of age on the distribution of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in a sheep model utilizing intracerebral microdialysis. The effect of neonatal asphyxia on brain drug distribution was also studied. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Microdialysis probes were inserted into the cortex, striatum and blood of 11 lambs (127 gestation days) and six ewes. Morphine, 1 mg x kg(-1), was intravenously administered as a 10 min constant infusion. Microdialysis and blood samples were collected for up to 360 min and analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, unbound drug brain : blood distribution ratio (K(p,uu)) and unbound drug volume of distribution in brain (V(u,brain)) were estimated. KEY RESULTS Morphine K(p,uu) was 1.19 and 1.89 for the sheep and premature lambs, respectively, indicating that active influx into the brain decreases with age. Induced asphyxia did not affect transport of morphine or M3G across the BBB. Morphine V(u,brain) measurements were higher in sheep than in premature lambs. The M3G K(p,uu) values were 0.27 and 0.17 in sheep and premature lambs, indicating a net efflux from the brain in both groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The morphine K(p,uu) was above unity, indicating active transport into the brain; influx was significantly higher in premature lambs than in adult sheep. These results in sheep differ from those in humans, rats, mice and pigs where a net efflux of morphine from the brain is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bengtsson
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden
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Ederoth P, Bengtsson J, Ley D, Hansson S, Amer-Wåhlin I, Hellström-Westas L, Marsal K, Hammalund-Udenaes M, Nordström CH. Influence of age on the distribution of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide across the blood–brain barrier in sheep. Crit Care 2009. [PMCID: PMC4084278 DOI: 10.1186/cc7556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sjödin NE, Bengtsson J, Ekbom B. The influence of grazing intensity and landscape composition on the diversity and abundance of flower-visiting insects. J Appl Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Failure after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is reported with a frequency of 10-20%. The failed IPAA can be excised or defunctioned. Indications for excision and further management of an indefinitely diverted pouch are poorly described. The aim of the present investigation was to investigate pouch-related problems and the histopathological pattern of the pouch mucosa in this group of patients. METHOD In a cohort of 620 patients having IPAA with a median follow-up of 14 years, 56 patients with failure were identified. The patients with defunctioned pouches were assessed with regard to pouch-related problems and endoscopy with biopsies was performed. Biopsies were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, PAS for neutral mucins and Alcian blue/high iron diamine for sialomucins/sulphomucins. Morphological changes were grouped into three types modified according to Veress and assessed for dysplasia. RESULTS Twenty-two patients with an indefinitely diverted pouch were found. The follow-up time after surgery for failure was 10 years. Thirteen patients completed the follow-up. Except for two patients with pelvic/perineal pain, there were no clinical problems. The majority of patients displayed mild to moderate macroscopic signs of inflammation. Morphologically, findings ranged from a preserved mucosal pattern to intense inflammatory reaction. No case of dysplasia or carcinoma was found. CONCLUSION Most patients with an indefinitely diverted pouch had no complaints regarding the pouch. There was no case of dysplasia. Indefinite diversion may be preferable to pouch excision, especially given the associated morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bengtsson
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Srivastava DS, Kolasa J, Bengtsson J, Gonzalez A, Lawler SP, Miller TE, Munguia P, Romanuk T, Schneider DC, Trzcinski MK. Are natural microcosms useful model systems for ecology? Trends Ecol Evol 2007; 19:379-84. [PMID: 16701289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several recent, high-impact ecological studies feature natural microcosms as tools for testing effects of fragmentation, metacommunity theory or links between biodiversity and ecosystem processes. These studies combine the microcosm advantages of small size, short generation times, contained structure and hierarchical spatial arrangement with advantages of field studies: natural environmental variance, 'openness' and realistic species combinations with shared evolutionary histories. This enables tests of theory pertaining to spatial and temporal dynamics, for example, the effects of neighboring communities on local diversity, or the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem function. Using examples, we comment on the position of natural microcosms in the roster of ecological research strategies and tools. We conclude that natural microcosms are as versatile as artificial microcosms, but as complex and biologically realistic as other natural systems. Research to date combined with inherent attributes of natural microcosms make them strong candidate model systems for ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
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Bengtsson J, Börjesson L, Lundstam U, Oresland T. Long-term function and manovolumetric characteristics after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Br J Surg 2007; 94:327-32. [PMID: 17225209 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Long-term pouch function and physiological characteristics after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) are poorly described. The aim of this study was to undertake a prospective investigation of long-term pouch function and manovolumetric characteristics.
Methods
Forty-two patients with a median follow-up of 16 years after IPAA were included. Function was assessed using a questionnaire and a score was calculated ranging from 0 to 15 (15 being the worst). Manovolumetry was performed and pouchitis recorded. A paired analysis was conducted, as the results were compared with previous data for each patient.
Results
The median functional score was 3·5 (range 0–10) at 2 years and 5 (range 1–11) at 16 years (P = 0·013). Resting anal canal pressures were higher (P < 0·001) and squeeze pressures lower (P = 0·008) at long-term follow-up. Ileal pouch volumes at distension pressures of 10, 20 and 40 cmH2O were diminished at 16 years (P < 0·001, P = 0·005 and P = 0·058 respectively). The volume and pressure for first sensation and urge to defaecate were reduced. Increased age correlated positively with a poor functional score. A history of pouchitis did not affect functional or physiological characteristics.
Conclusion
Ileal pouch function declines in the long term. The reasons are unclear, but the ageing process may have an impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bengtsson
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden
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Alpkvist E, Bengtsson J, Overgaard NC, Christensson M, Heyden A. Simulation of nitrification of municipal wastewater in a Moving Bed biofilm process: a bottom-up approach based on a 2D-continuum model for growth and detachment. Water Sci Technol 2007; 55:247-55. [PMID: 17546993 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a complete mathematical model of a Moving Bed biofilm process for waste-water treatment, in particular for the nitrification process. The model is based on a bottom up approach adopting a multidimensional model for the biofilm growth and metabolism and a global mass balance model for the whole reactor. The model shows that oxygen is limiting the amount of biomass involved in the nitrification process. Furthermore, it suggests the existence of an optimal amount biomass for an optimal reactor turnover rate. Studies of two specific new suspended carriers show that the model output is dependable on the geometry of the carrier, and to a satisfactory extent agreeable with measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alpkvist
- School of Technology and Society, Malmö University, SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden.
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Horsch S, Bengtsson J, Nordell A, Nagy Z, Nordell B, Lagercrantz H, Adén U, Blennow M. Ventriculomegalie –2D Ultraschall und 3D MR im Vergleich. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-946057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lundh M, Nordell A, Bengtsson J, Nagy Z, Horsch S, Adén U, Nordell B. Easy and effective acoustic noise protection in neonatal MRI. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-946258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dauber J, Bengtsson J, Lenoir L. Evaluating effects of habitat loss and land-use continuity on ant species richness in seminatural grassland remnants. Conserv Biol 2006; 20:1150-60. [PMID: 16922231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Seminatural grasslands in Europe are susceptible to habitat destruction and fragmentation that result in negative effects on biodiversity because of increased isolation and area effects on extinction rate. However even small habitatpatches of seminatural grasslands might be of value for conservation and restoration of species richness in a landscape with a long history of management, which has been argued to lead to high species richness. We tested whether ant communities have been negatively affected by habitat loss and increased isolation of seminatural grasslands during the twentieth century. We examined species richness and community composition in seminatural grasslands of different size in a mosaic landscape in Central Sweden. Grasslands managed continuously over centuries harbored species-rich and ecologically diverse ant communities. Grassland remnant size had no effect on ant species richness. Small grassland remnants did not harbor a nested subset of the ant species of larger habitats. Community composition of ants was mainly affected by habitat conditions. Our results suggest that the abandonment of traditional land use and the encroachment of trees, rather than the effects of fragmentation, are important for species composition in seminatural grasslands. Our results highlight the importance of considering land-use continuity and dispersal ability of thefocal organisms when examining the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity. Landscape history should be considered in conservation programs focusing on effects of land-use change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Dauber
- Department of Animal Ecology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Lundh M, Nordell A, Bengtsson J, Nagy Z, Horsch S, Adén U, Nordell B. Easy and effective acoustic noise protection in neonatal MRI. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Horsch S, Bengtsson J, Nordell A, Nagy Z, Nordell B, Lagercrantz H, Adén U, Blennow M. Ventriculomegalie –2D Ultraschall und 3D MR im Vergleich. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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