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Rodríguez-Alarcón S, Tamme R, Carmona CP. Intraspecific variation in fine-root traits is larger than in aboveground traits in European herbaceous species regardless of drought. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1375371. [PMID: 38654904 PMCID: PMC11035731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1375371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Differences within species (Intraspecific trait variation - ITV) contribute substantially to overall trait variability and environmental harshness can reduce among-species variation. While aboveground traits have received considerable attention, knowledge about ITV in fine-root traits and how it differs from ITV in aboveground traits remains limited. This study examined the partitioning of trait variation aboveground and fine-root traits in 52 European herbaceous species and how such proportions change in response to drought, offering valuable insights for accurate functional species characterization and inter-species comparisons. We studied seven morphological aboveground and fine-root traits under drought and well-watered conditions in a greenhouse experiment. Linear mixed effect models and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) were employed to decompose trait variation, ensuring the robustness of our results. We also calculated variance partitioning for the combination of aboveground traits and the combination of fine-root traits, as well as pairs of analogous leaf and fine-root traits (i.e., traits that fulfill similar functions) for each treatment (control and drought). Among-species trait differences explained a greater proportion of overall variance than within-species variation, except for root dry matter content (RDMC). Height and leaf area stood out, with species' identity accounting for 87-90% of total trait variation. Drought had no significant effect on the proportions of variation in any of the traits. However, the combination of fine-root traits exhibited higher intraspecific variability (44-44%) than aboveground traits (19-21%) under both drought and control. Analogous root traits also showed higher ITV (51-50%) than analogous leaf traits (27-31%). Our findings highlight substantial within-species variation and the nuanced responses of fine-root traits, particularly RDMC, suggesting root traits' flexibility to soil heterogeneity that fosters less differentiation among species. Among-species trait differences, especially aboveground, may underscore distinct strategies and competitive abilities for resource acquisition and utilization. This study contributes to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the multifunctionality of the above- and belowground plants compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Yang J, Wang X, Carmona CP, Wang X, Shen G. Inverse relationship between species competitiveness and intraspecific trait variability may enable species coexistence in experimental seedling communities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2895. [PMID: 38570481 PMCID: PMC10991546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Theory suggests that intraspecific trait variability may promote species coexistence when competitively inferior species have higher intraspecific trait variability than their superior competitors. Here, we provide empirical evidence for this phenomenon in tree seedlings. We evaluated intraspecific variability and plastic response of ten traits in 6750 seedlings of ten species in a three-year greenhouse experiment. While we observed no relationship between intraspecific trait variability and species competitiveness in competition-free homogeneous environments, an inverse relationship emerged under interspecific competition and in spatially heterogeneous environments. We showed that this relationship is driven by the plastic response of the competitively inferior species: Compared to their competitively superior counterparts, they exhibited a greater increase in trait variability, particularly in fine-root traits, in response to competition, environmental heterogeneity and their combination. Our findings contribute to understanding how interspecific competition and intraspecific trait variability together structure plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiya Wang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Xihua Wang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No.2), Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guochun Shen
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No.2), Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Toussaint A, Pärtel M, Carmona CP. Contrasting impacts of non-native and threatened species on morphological, life history, and phylogenetic diversity in bird assemblages. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14373. [PMID: 38344890 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have altered the species composition of assemblages through introductions and extinctions, but it remains unclear how those changes can affect the different facets of biodiversity. Here we assessed the impact of changes in species composition on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity across 281 bird assemblages worldwide. To provide a more nuanced understanding of functional diversity, we distinguished morphological from life-history traits. We showed that shifts in species composition could trigger a global decline in avian biodiversity due to the high number of potential extinctions. Moreover, these extinctions were not random but unique in terms of function and phylogeny at the regional level. Our findings demonstrated that non-native species cannot compensate for these losses, as they are both morphologically and phylogenetically close to the native fauna. In the context of the ongoing biodiversity crisis, such alterations in the functional and phylogenetic structure of bird assemblages could heighten ecosystem vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurele Toussaint
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Carmona CP. Harnessing traits for ecology: a counter perspective. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:1012-1013. [PMID: 37474447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia.
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Conti L, Valencia E, Galland T, Götzenberger L, Lepš J, E-Vojtkó A, Carmona CP, Májeková M, Danihelka J, Dengler J, Eldridge DJ, Estiarte M, García-González R, Garnier E, Gómez D, Hadincová V, Harrison SP, Herben T, Ibáñez R, Jentsch A, Juergens N, Kertész M, Klumpp K, Krahulec F, Louault F, Marrs RH, Ónodi G, Pakeman RJ, Pärtel M, Peco B, Peñuelas J, Rueda M, Schmidt W, Schmiedel U, Schuetz M, Skalova H, Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Smit C, Song M, Stock M, Val J, Vandvik V, Ward D, Wesche K, Wiser SK, Woodcock BA, Young TP, Yu FH, Zobel M, de Bello F. Functional trait trade-offs define plant population stability across different biomes. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230344. [PMID: 37357858 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological theory posits that temporal stability patterns in plant populations are associated with differences in species' ecological strategies. However, empirical evidence is lacking about which traits, or trade-offs, underlie species stability, especially across different biomes. We compiled a worldwide collection of long-term permanent vegetation records (greater than 7000 plots from 78 datasets) from a large range of habitats which we combined with existing trait databases. We tested whether the observed inter-annual variability in species abundance (coefficient of variation) was related to multiple individual traits. We found that populations with greater leaf dry matter content and seed mass were more stable over time. Despite the variability explained by these traits being low, their effect was consistent across different datasets. Other traits played a significant, albeit weaker, role in species stability, and the inclusion of multi-variate axes or phylogeny did not substantially modify nor improve predictions. These results provide empirical evidence and highlight the relevance of specific ecological trade-offs, i.e. in different resource-use and dispersal strategies, for plant populations stability across multiple biomes. Further research is, however, necessary to integrate and evaluate the role of other specific traits, often not available in databases, and intraspecific trait variability in modulating species stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Conti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Enrique Valencia
- Departament of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Galland
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Götzenberger
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Májeková
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jiří Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2033 Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Eric Garnier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Gómez
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), 22700 Jaca-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Věra Hadincová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Susan P Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12801 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo Ibáñez
- Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Norbert Juergens
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology (BEE) of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miklós Kertész
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Katja Klumpp
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - František Krahulec
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Frédérique Louault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Rob H Marrs
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Gábor Ónodi
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Department of Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Global Change, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Rueda
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 37077 Germany
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology (BEE) of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hana Skalova
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Smit
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - MingHua Song
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100107 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Stock
- Wadden Sea National Park of Schleswig-Holstein, 25832 Tönning, Germany
| | - James Val
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2033 Sydney, Australia
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - David Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA
| | - Karsten Wesche
- Botany Department, Senckenberg, Natural History Museum Goerlitz, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 03583 Germany
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Truman P Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Mpala Research Centre, 100400, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology and Clone Ecology / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, 318000 Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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Bueno CG, Toussaint A, Träger S, Díaz S, Moora M, Munson AD, Pärtel M, Zobel M, Tamme R, Carmona CP. Reply to: The importance of trait selection in ecology. Nature 2023; 618:E31-E34. [PMID: 37380685 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Guillermo Bueno
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Jaca, Huesca, Spain.
| | - Aurele Toussaint
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sabrina Träger
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alison D Munson
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Rodríguez-Caro RC, Graciá E, Blomberg SP, Cayuela H, Grace M, Carmona CP, Pérez-Mendoza HA, Giménez A, Salguero-Gómez R. Anthropogenic impacts on threatened species erode functional diversity in chelonians and crocodilians. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1542. [PMID: 36977697 PMCID: PMC10050202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Anthropocene is tightly associated with a drastic loss of species worldwide and the disappearance of their key ecosystem functions. The orders Testudines (turtles and tortoises) and Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators, and gharials) contain numerous threatened, long-lived species for which the functional diversity and potential erosion by anthropogenic impacts remains unknown. Here, we examine 259 (69%) of the existing 375 species of Testudines and Crocodilia, quantifying their life history strategies (i.e., trade-offs in survival, development, and reproduction) from open-access data on demography, ancestry, and threats. We find that the loss of functional diversity in simulated extinction scenarios of threatened species is greater than expected by chance. Moreover, the effects of unsustainable local consumption, diseases, and pollution are associated with life history strategies. In contrast, climate change, habitat disturbance, and global trade affect species independent of their life history strategy. Importantly, the loss of functional diversity for threatened species by habitat degradation is twice that for all other threats. Our findings highlight the importance of conservation programmes focused on preserving the functional diversity of life history strategies jointly with the phylogenetic representativity of these highly threatened groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Rodríguez-Caro
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK.
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicent del Raspeig, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
| | - E Graciá
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - S P Blomberg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - H Cayuela
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-769622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Grace
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - C P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - H A Pérez-Mendoza
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Autónoma de México, 54090, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - A Giménez
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - R Salguero-Gómez
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK.
- Max Plank Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuße Straße 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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Trindade DPF, Carmona CP, Reitalu T, Pärtel M. Observed and dark diversity dynamics over millennial time scales: fast life-history traits linked to expansion lags of plants in northern Europe. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221904. [PMID: 36629107 PMCID: PMC9832556 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Global change drivers (e.g. climate and land use) affect the species and functional traits observed in a local site but also its dark diversity-the set of species and traits locally suitable but absent. Dark diversity links regional and local scales and, over time, reveals taxa under expansion lags by depicting the potential biodiversity that remains suitable but is absent locally. Since global change effects on biodiversity are both spatially and temporally scale dependent, examining long-term temporal dynamics in observed and dark diversity would be relevant to assessing and foreseeing biodiversity change. Here, we used sedimentary pollen data to examine how both taxonomic and functional observed and dark diversity changed over the past 14 500 years in northern Europe. We found that taxonomic and functional observed and dark diversity increased over time, especially after the Late Glacial and during the Late Holocene. However, dark diversity dynamics revealed expansion lags related to species' functional characteristics (dispersal limitation and stress intolerance) and an extensive functional redundancy when compared to taxa in observed diversity. We highlight that assessing observed and dark diversity dynamics is a promising tool to examine biodiversity change across spatial scales, its possible causes, and functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego P. F. Trindade
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Reitalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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Valencia E, Galland T, Carmona CP, Goberna M, Götzenberger L, Lepš J, Verdú M, Macek P, de Bello F. The functional structure of plant communities drives soil functioning via changes in soil abiotic properties. Ecology 2022; 103:e3833. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Móstoles Spain
| | - Thomas Galland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Marta Goberna
- Department of Environment and Agronomy INIA‐CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Lars Götzenberger
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Biology Research Centre, Institute of Entomology Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Miguel Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CSIC‐UV‐GV) Valencia Spain
| | - Petr Macek
- Biology Research Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CSIC‐UV‐GV) Valencia Spain
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Puglielli G, Carmona CP, Varone L, Laanisto L, Ricotta C. Phenotypic dissimilarity index: Correcting for intra and interindividual variability when quantifying phenotypic variation. Ecology 2022; 103:e3806. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Puglielli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Laura Varone
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - Carlo Ricotta
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
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11
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Carmona CP, Bueno CG, Toussaint A, Träger S, Díaz S, Moora M, Munson AD, Pärtel M, Zobel M, Tamme R. Fine-root traits in the global spectrum of plant form and function. Nature 2021; 597:683-687. [PMID: 34588667 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant traits determine how individual plants cope with heterogeneous environments. Despite large variability in individual traits, trait coordination and trade-offs1,2 result in some trait combinations being much more widespread than others, as revealed in the global spectrum of plant form and function (GSPFF3) and the root economics space (RES4) for aboveground and fine-root traits, respectively. Here we combine the traits that define both functional spaces. Our analysis confirms the major trends of the GSPFF and shows that the RES captures additional information. The four dimensions needed to explain the non-redundant information in the dataset can be summarized in an aboveground and a fine-root plane, corresponding to the GSPFF and the RES, respectively. Both planes display high levels of species aggregation, but the differentiation among growth forms, families and biomes is lower on the fine-root plane, which does not include any size-related trait, than on the aboveground plane. As a result, many species with similar fine-root syndromes display contrasting aboveground traits. This highlights the importance of including belowground organs to the GSPFF when exploring the interplay between different natural selection pressures and whole-plant trait integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - C Guillermo Bueno
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aurele Toussaint
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sabrina Träger
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alison D Munson
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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12
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Toussaint A, Brosse S, Bueno CG, Pärtel M, Tamme R, Carmona CP. Extinction of threatened vertebrates will lead to idiosyncratic changes in functional diversity across the world. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5162. [PMID: 34453040 PMCID: PMC8397725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although species with larger body size and slow pace of life have a higher risk of extinction at a global scale, it is unclear whether this global trend will be consistent across biogeographic realms. Here we measure the functional diversity of terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates in the six terrestrial biogeographic realms and predict their future changes through scenarios mimicking a gradient of extinction risk of threatened species. We show vastly different effects of extinctions on functional diversity between taxonomic groups and realms, ranging from almost no decline to deep functional losses. The Indo-Malay and Palearctic realms are particularly inclined to experience a drastic loss of functional diversity reaching 29 and 31%, respectively. Birds, mammals, and reptiles regionally display a consistent functional diversity loss, while the projected losses of amphibians and freshwater fishes differ across realms. More efficient global conservation policies should consider marked regional losses of functional diversity across the world. Anthropogenic extinctions are driving functional shifts in biological communities, but these changes might differ considerably among taxa and biogeographic regions. Here the authors show that projected losses of functional diversity among land and freshwater vertebrates are unevenly distributed across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurele Toussaint
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sébastien Brosse
- Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France
| | - C Guillermo Bueno
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (Luomus) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) Water Research InstituteNational Research Council (CNR‐IRSA) Verbania Pallanza Italy
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Thomas Guillerme
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (Luomus) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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14
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Puy J, Carmona CP, Dvořáková H, Latzel V, de Bello F. Diversity of parental environments increases phenotypic variation in Arabidopsis populations more than genetic diversity but similarly affects productivity. Ann Bot 2021; 127:425-436. [PMID: 32463878 PMCID: PMC7988527 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The observed positive diversity effect on ecosystem functioning has rarely been assessed in terms of intraspecific trait variability within populations. Intraspecific phenotypic variability could stem both from underlying genetic diversity and from plasticity in response to environmental cues. The latter might derive from modifications to a plant's epigenome and potentially last multiple generations in response to previous environmental conditions. We experimentally disentangled the role of genetic diversity and diversity of parental environments on population productivity, resistance against environmental fluctuations and intraspecific phenotypic variation. METHODS A glasshouse experiment was conducted in which different types of Arabidopsis thaliana populations were established: one population type with differing levels of genetic diversity and another type, genetically identical, but with varying diversity levels of the parental environments (parents grown in the same or different environments). The latter population type was further combined, or not, with experimental demethylation to reduce the potential epigenetic diversity produced by the diversity of parental environments. Furthermore, all populations were each grown under different environmental conditions (control, fertilization and waterlogging). Mortality, productivity and trait variability were measured in each population. KEY RESULTS Parental environments triggered phenotypic modifications in the offspring, which translated into more functionally diverse populations when offspring from parents grown under different conditions were brought together in mixtures. In general, neither the increase in genetic diversity nor the increase in diversity of parental environments had a remarkable effect on productivity or resistance to environmental fluctuations. However, when the epigenetic variation was reduced via demethylation, mixtures were less productive than monocultures (i.e. negative net diversity effect), caused by the reduction of phenotypic differences between different parental origins. CONCLUSIONS A diversity of environmental parental origins within a population could ameliorate the negative effect of competition between coexisting individuals by increasing intraspecific phenotypic variation. A diversity of parental environments could thus have comparable effects to genetic diversity. Disentangling the effect of genetic diversity and that of parental environments appears to be an important step in understanding the effect of intraspecific trait variability on coexistence and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Puy
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hana Dvořáková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Latzel
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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15
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Puy J, de Bello F, Dvořáková H, Medina NG, Latzel V, Carmona CP. Competition-induced transgenerational plasticity influences competitive interactions and leaf decomposition of offspring. New Phytol 2021; 229:3497-3507. [PMID: 33111354 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, within and across generations (transgenerational plasticity), allows organisms and their progeny to adapt to the environment without modification of the underlying DNA. Recent findings suggest that epigenetic modifications are important mediators of such plasticity. However, empirical studies have, so far, mainly focused on plasticity in response to abiotic factors, overlooking the response to competition. We tested for within-generation and transgenerational phenotypic plasticity triggered by plant-plant competition intensity, and we tested whether it was mediated via DNA methylation, using the perennial, apomictic herb Taraxacum brevicorniculatum in four coordinated experiments. We then tested the consequences of transgenerational plasticity affecting competitive interactions of the offspring and ecosystem processes, such as decomposition. We found that, by promoting differences in DNA methylation, offspring of plants under stronger competition developed faster and presented more resource-conservative phenotypes. Further, these adjustments associated with less degradable leaves, which have the potential to reduce nutrient turnover and might, in turn, favour plants with more conservative traits. Greater parental competition enhanced competitive abilities of the offspring, by triggering adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and decreased offspring leaf decomposability. Our results suggest that competition-induced transgenerational effects could promote rapid adaptations and species coexistence and feed back on biodiversity assembly and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Puy
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Valencia, 46113, Spain
| | - Hana Dvořáková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Nagore G Medina
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Vit Latzel
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
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16
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Wong MKL, Carmona CP. Including intraspecific trait variability to avoid distortion of functional diversity and ecological inference: Lessons from natural assemblages. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark K. L. Wong
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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17
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Carmona CP, Tamme R, Pärtel M, de Bello F, Brosse S, Capdevila P, González-M R, González-Suárez M, Salguero-Gómez R, Vásquez-Valderrama M, Toussaint A. Erosion of global functional diversity across the tree of life. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/13/eabf2675. [PMID: 33771870 PMCID: PMC7997514 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although one-quarter of plant and vertebrate species are threatened with extinction, little is known about the potential effect of extinctions on the global diversity of ecological strategies. Using trait and phylogenetic information for more than 75,000 species of vascular plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and freshwater fish, we characterized the global functional spectra of each of these groups. Mapping extinction risk within these spectra showed that larger species with slower pace of life are universally threatened. Simulated extinction scenarios exposed extensive internal reorganizations in the global functional spectra, which were larger than expected by chance for all groups, and particularly severe for mammals and amphibians. Considering the disproportionate importance of the largest species for ecological processes, our results emphasize the importance of actions to prevent the extinction of the megabiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación, CSIC-UV, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5 Apartado Oficial, 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté stoce 1, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sébastien Brosse
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174), Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Pol Capdevila
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Rd., Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave., BS8 1TQ Bristol, UK
| | - Roy González-M
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Carrera 1 #16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuela González-Suárez
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Maribel Vásquez-Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Concepción, Chile
| | - Aurèle Toussaint
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
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18
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González-M R, Posada JM, Carmona CP, Garzón F, Salinas V, Idárraga-Piedrahita Á, Pizano C, Avella A, López-Camacho R, Norden N, Nieto J, Medina SP, Rodríguez-M GM, Franke-Ante R, Torres AM, Jurado R, Cuadros H, Castaño-Naranjo A, García H, Salgado-Negret B. Diverging functional strategies but high sensitivity to an extreme drought in tropical dry forests. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:451-463. [PMID: 33316132 PMCID: PMC9292319 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extreme drought events have negative effects on forest diversity and functioning. At the species level, however, these effects are still unclear, as species vary in their response to drought through specific functional trait combinations. We used long-term demographic records of 21,821 trees and extensive databases of traits to understand the responses of 338 tropical dry forests tree species to ENSO2015 , the driest event in decades in Northern South America. Functional differences between species were related to the hydraulic safety-efficiency trade-off, but unexpectedly, dominant species were characterised by high investment in leaf and wood tissues regardless of their leaf phenological habit. Despite broad functional trait combinations, tree mortality was more widespread in the functional space than tree growth, where less adapted species showed more negative net biomass balances. Our results suggest that if dry conditions increase in this ecosystem, ecological functionality and biomass gain would be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy González-M
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Cr. 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan M Posada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Cr. 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Fabián Garzón
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Viviana Salinas
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahita
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario "Joaquín Antonio Uribe" (JAUM), Cll. 73 # 51D-14, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Camila Pizano
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Icesi, Cll. 18 # 122-135 Pance, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés Avella
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cr. 5 Este # 15-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - René López-Camacho
- Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cr. 5 Este # 15-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhon Nieto
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra P Medina
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gina M Rodríguez-M
- Fundación Ecosistemas Secos de Colombia, Cll. 5A, Bogotá, # 70C-31, Colombia
| | - Rebeca Franke-Ante
- Dirección Territorial Caribe, Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, Cll. 17 # 4-06, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Alba M Torres
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valle, Cll. 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia
| | - Rubén Jurado
- Asociación GAICA, Cll. 11A # 32-21, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Hermes Cuadros
- Programa de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico, Km. 7 vía Puerto, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Hernando García
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Cr. 1 # 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
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19
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Valencia E, de Bello F, Galland T, Adler PB, Lepš J, E-Vojtkó A, van Klink R, Carmona CP, Danihelka J, Dengler J, Eldridge DJ, Estiarte M, García-González R, Garnier E, Gómez-García D, Harrison SP, Herben T, Ibáñez R, Jentsch A, Juergens N, Kertész M, Klumpp K, Louault F, Marrs RH, Ogaya R, Ónodi G, Pakeman RJ, Pardo I, Pärtel M, Peco B, Peñuelas J, Pywell RF, Rueda M, Schmidt W, Schmiedel U, Schuetz M, Skálová H, Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Smit C, Song M, Stock M, Val J, Vandvik V, Ward D, Wesche K, Wiser SK, Woodcock BA, Young TP, Yu FH, Zobel M, Götzenberger L. Synchrony matters more than species richness in plant community stability at a global scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24345-24351. [PMID: 32900958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability of ecological communities is critical for the stable provisioning of ecosystem services, such as food and forage production, carbon sequestration, and soil fertility. Greater biodiversity is expected to enhance stability across years by decreasing synchrony among species, but the drivers of stability in nature remain poorly resolved. Our analysis of time series from 79 datasets across the world showed that stability was associated more strongly with the degree of synchrony among dominant species than with species richness. The relatively weak influence of species richness is consistent with theory predicting that the effect of richness on stability weakens when synchrony is higher than expected under random fluctuations, which was the case in most communities. Land management, nutrient addition, and climate change treatments had relatively weak and varying effects on stability, modifying how species richness, synchrony, and stability interact. Our results demonstrate the prevalence of biotic drivers on ecosystem stability, with the potential for environmental drivers to alter the intricate relationship among richness, synchrony, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Spain;
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, 46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Galland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Research Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jiří Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Vegetation Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David J Eldridge
- Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc Estiarte
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish National Research Center (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Eric Garnier
- Center in Ecology and Evolutionary Ecology (CEFE), Université Montpellier, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), École pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Research Institute for Development (IRD), Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Susan P Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo Ibáñez
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Norbert Juergens
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution & Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miklós Kertész
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Katja Klumpp
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Louault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rob H Marrs
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Romà Ogaya
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish National Research Center (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gábor Ónodi
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Iker Pardo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Department of Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Global Change, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish National Research Center (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Richard F Pywell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, OX10 8BB, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Rueda
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution & Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hana Skálová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Smit
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, 11103, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - MingHua Song
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Stock
- Wadden Sea National Park of Schleswig-Holstein, 25832, Tönning, Germany
| | - James Val
- Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - David Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
| | - Karsten Wesche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Botany Department, Senckenberg, Natural History Museum Goerlitz, 02826, Goerlitz, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, 02763, Zittau, Germany
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 7640, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, OX10 8BB, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Truman P Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, 318000, Taizhou, China
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lars Götzenberger
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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20
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Carmona CP, Guerrero I, Peco B, Morales MB, Oñate JJ, Pärt T, Tscharntke T, Liira J, Aavik T, Emmerson M, Berendse F, Ceryngier P, Bretagnolle V, Weisser WW, Bengtsson J. Agriculture intensification reduces plant taxonomic and functional diversity across European arable systems. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Irene Guerrero
- INEA Agricultural Engineering School Comillas Pontifical University Valladolid Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global Change Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel B. Morales
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global Change Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan J. Oñate
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global Change Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Tsipe Aavik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Mark Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food Security Belfast UK
| | - Frank Berendse
- Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Ceryngier
- Institute of Biological Sciences Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Warsaw Poland
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS and Université La Rochelle Beauvoir‐sur‐Niort France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre” CNRS Beauvoir sur Niort France
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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21
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Trindade DPF, Carmona CP, Pärtel M. Temporal lags in observed and dark diversity in the Anthropocene. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3193-3201. [PMID: 32282128 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding biodiversity changes in the Anthropocene (e.g. due to climate and land-use change) is an urgent ecological issue. This important task is challenging because global change effects and species responses are dependent on the spatial scales considered. Furthermore, responses are often not immediate. However, both scale and time delay issues can be tackled when, at each study site, we consider dynamics in both observed and dark diversity. Dark diversity includes those species in the region that can potentially establish and thrive in the local sites' conditions but are currently locally absent. Effectively, dark diversity connects biodiversity at the study site to the regional scales and defines the site-specific species pool (observed and dark diversity together). With dark diversity, it is possible to decompose species gains and losses into two space-related components: one associated with local dynamics (species moving from observed to dark diversity and vice versa) and another related to gains and losses of site-specific species pool (species moving to and from the pool after regional immigration, regional extinction or change in local ecological conditions). Extinction debt and immigration credit are useful to understand dynamics in observed diversity, but delays might happen in species pool changes as well. In this opinion piece we suggest that considering both observed and dark diversity and their temporal dynamics provides a deeper understanding of biodiversity changes. Considering both observed and dark diversity creates opportunities to improve conservation by allowing to identify species that are likely to go regionally extinct as well as foreseeing which of the species that newly arrive to the region are more likely to colonize local sites. Finally, by considering temporal lags and species gains and losses in observed and dark diversity, we combine phenomena at both spatial and temporal scales, providing a novel tool to examine biodiversity change in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego P F Trindade
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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22
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Micó E, Ramilo P, Thorn S, Müller J, Galante E, Carmona CP. Contrasting functional structure of saproxylic beetle assemblages associated to different microhabitats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1520. [PMID: 32001786 PMCID: PMC6992628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saproxylic beetles depend on diverse microhabitats that are exploited by different species assemblages. We focused on anlyse the functional trait patterns and functional diversity components of two main assemblages that were collected with window traps (WTs) and hollow emergence traps (HETs) respectively, between three protected areas of the Iberian Peninsula. For that we measured phenological, physiological, morphological, and ecological traits. Results showed that the main microhabitats exploited by each assemblage (WT and HET) constrain most of the morphological traits and trophic guilds. In addition, relative elytra length and predator guild, together with adult activity period, responded to differences at the habitat level (among study areas). HET assemblages were less taxonomically diverse but more functionally diverse than those of WTs, enhancing the functional relevance of tree hollows. Additionally, niche filtering dominated WT assemblages, which were characterised by a narrower functional space and a higher redundancy. In contrast, in the HET assemblages the coexistence of functionally dissimilar species is driven by the niche heterogeneity. HET and WT assemblages differed in the functional space occupied by each within areas, but both assemblages reflected coincident patterns among areas that pointed to a reduction of functional space with management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Micó
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Pablo Ramilo
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5, DE-96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5, DE-96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany.,Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Eduardo Galante
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
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23
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Carmona CP, de Bello F, Mason NWH, Lepš J. Trait probability density (TPD): measuring functional diversity across scales based on TPD with R. Ecology 2019; 100:e02876. [PMID: 31471976 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Functional diversity (FD) has the potential to address many ecological questions, from impacts of global change on biodiversity to ecological restoration. There are several methods estimating the different components of FD. However, most of these methods can only be computed at limited spatial scales and cannot account for intraspecific trait variability (ITV), despite its significant contribution to FD. Trait probability density (TPD) functions (which explicitly account for ITV) reflect the probabilistic nature of niches. By doing so, the TPD approach reconciles existing methods for estimating FD within a unifying framework, allowing FD to be partitioned seamlessly across multiple scales (from individuals to species, and from local to global scales), and accounting for ITV. We present methods to estimate TPD functions at different spatial scales and probabilistic implementations of several FD concepts, including the primary components of FD (functional richness, evenness, and divergence), functional redundancy, functional rarity, and solutions to decompose beta FD into nested and unique components. The TPD framework has the potential to unify and expand analyses of functional ecology across scales, capturing the probabilistic and multidimensional nature of FD. The R package TPD (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=TPD) will allow users to achieve more comparative results across regions and case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
| | - Norman W H Mason
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
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24
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Valencia E, Gross N, Quero JL, Carmona CP, Ochoa V, Gozalo B, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Dumack K, Hamonts K, Singh BK, Bonkowski M, Maestre FT. Cascading effects from plants to soil microorganisms explain how plant species richness and simulated climate change affect soil multifunctionality. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:5642-5654. [PMID: 30239067 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite their importance, how plant communities and soil microorganisms interact to determine the capacity of ecosystems to provide multiple functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) under climate change is poorly known. We conducted a common garden experiment using grassland species to evaluate how plant functional structure and soil microbial (bacteria and protists) diversity and abundance regulate soil multifunctionality responses to joint changes in plant species richness (one, three and six species) and simulated climate change (3°C warming and 35% rainfall reduction). The effects of species richness and climate on soil multifunctionality were indirectly driven via changes in plant functional structure and their relationships with the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and protists. More specifically, warming selected for the larger and most productive plant species, increasing the average size within communities and leading to reductions in functional plant diversity. These changes increased the total abundance of bacteria that, in turn, increased that of protists, ultimately promoting soil multifunctionality. Our work suggests that cascading effects between plant functional traits and the abundance of multitrophic soil organisms largely regulate the response of soil multifunctionality to simulated climate change, and ultimately provides novel experimental insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of biodiversity and climate change on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- INRA, USC1339 Chizé (CEBC), Villiers en Bois, France
- Centre d'étude biologique de Chizé, CNRS-Université La Rochelle (UMR 7372), Villiers en Bois, France
| | - José L Quero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Zoologisches Institut, Terrestrische Ökologie, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kelly Hamonts
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Zoologisches Institut, Terrestrische Ökologie, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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25
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Martello F, de Bello F, Morini MSDC, Silva RR, Souza-Campana DRD, Ribeiro MC, Carmona CP. Homogenization and impoverishment of taxonomic and functional diversity of ants in Eucalyptus plantations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3266. [PMID: 29459699 PMCID: PMC5818526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity, tree plantations can contribute to biodiversity conservation in fragmented landscapes, as they harbor many native species. In this study, we investigated the impact of Eucalyptus plantations on the taxonomic and functional diversity of ant communities, comparing ant communities sampled in managed and unmanaged (abandoned for 28 years) Eucalyptus plantations, and native Atlantic rain forests. Eucalyptus plantations, both managed and unmanaged, reduced the functional diversity and increased the similarity between ant communities leading to functional homogenization. While communities in managed plantations had the lowest values of both taxonomic and functional ant diversities, ant communities from unmanaged plantations had similar values of species richness, functional redundancy and Rao's Q compared to ant communities from forest patches (although functional richness was lower). In addition, communities in unmanaged Eucalyptus plantations were taxonomically and functionally more similar to communities located in managed plantations, indicating that Eucalyptus plantations have a severe long-term impact on ant communities. These results indicate that natural regeneration may mitigate the impact of Eucalyptus management, particularly regarding the functional structure of the community (α diversity), although it does not attenuate the effects of long term homogenization in community composition (β diversity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martello
- Departament of Environmental Science, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, Rod., Washigton Luís Km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Ecology Department, Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Santina de Castro Morini
- Laboratório de Mirmecologia do Alto Tietê (LAMAT), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Avenida Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Centro Cívico, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério R Silva
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Av. Perimetral 1901, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Débora Rodriges de Souza-Campana
- Laboratório de Mirmecologia do Alto Tietê (LAMAT), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Avenida Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Centro Cívico, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Ecology Department, Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
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26
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Carmona CP, de Bello F, Mason NWH, Lepš J. Traits Without Borders: Integrating Functional Diversity Across Scales. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 31:382-394. [PMID: 26924737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the conceptual complexity of functional diversity (FD), a multitude of different methods are available for measuring it, with most being operational at only a small range of spatial scales. This causes uncertainty in ecological interpretations and limits the potential to generalize findings across studies or compare patterns across scales. We solve this problem by providing a unified framework expanding on and integrating existing approaches. The framework, based on trait probability density (TPD), is the first to fully implement the Hutchinsonian concept of the niche as a probabilistic hypervolume in estimating FD. This novel approach could revolutionize FD-based research by allowing quantification of the various FD components from organismal to macroecological scales, and allowing seamless transitions between scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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27
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Puy J, Dvořáková H, Carmona CP, de Bello F, Hiiesalu I, Latzel V. Improved demethylation in ecological epigenetic experiments: Testing a simple and harmless foliar demethylation application. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Puy
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Hana Dvořáková
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesDepartment of BotanyUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of Science Třeboň Czech Republic
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesDepartment of BotanyUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Vít Latzel
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
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28
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Carmona CP, de Bello F, Sasaki T, Uchida K, Pärtel M. Towards a Common Toolbox for Rarity: A Response to Violle et al. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:889-891. [PMID: 29033201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Takehiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Uchida
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Traba
- Depto de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid. C/. Darwin, 2; ES-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Esperanza C. Iranzo
- Depto de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid. C/. Darwin, 2; ES-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia; České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Juan E. Malo
- Depto de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Autónoma de Madrid. C/. Darwin, 2; ES-28049 Madrid Spain
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30
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Szefer P, Carmona CP, Chmel K, Konečná M, Libra M, Molem K, Novotný V, Segar ST, Švamberková E, Topliceanu TS, Lepš J. Determinants of litter decomposition rates in a tropical forest: functional traits, phylogeny and ecological succession. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szefer
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Carlos P. Carmona
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Kryštof Chmel
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Marie Konečná
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Martin Libra
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Kenneth Molem
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center; Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtěch Novotný
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Simon T. Segar
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Eva Švamberková
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Theodor-Sebastian Topliceanu
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lepš
- Faculty of Science, Univ. of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. PS, KC, ML, VN, STS and JL also at: Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České; Budějovice Czech Republic
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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32
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Carmona CP, Guerrero I, Morales MB, Oñate JJ, Peco B. Assessing vulnerability of functional diversity to species loss: a case study in Mediterranean agricultural systems. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. Carmona
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská 31 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Irene Guerrero
- INEA School of Agricultural Engineering University of Valladolid, Biology 47008 Valladolid Spain
| | - Manuel B. Morales
- Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of Ecology Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid28049 Spain
| | - Juan J. Oñate
- Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of Ecology Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid28049 Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of Ecology Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid28049 Spain
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. Carmona
- Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of Ecology Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Cěské Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Rota
- Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of Ecology Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Francisco M. Azcárate
- Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of Ecology Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group Department of Ecology Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
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Carmona CP, Azcárate FM, Peco B. Does cattle dung cause differences between grazing increaser and decreaser germination response? Acta Oecologica 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Carmona CP, Röder A, Azcárate FM, Peco B. Grazing management or physiography? Factors controlling vegetation recovery in Mediterranean grasslands. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Carmona CP, Azcárate FM, de Bello F, Ollero HS, Lepš J, Peco B. Taxonomical and functional diversity turnover in Mediterranean grasslands: interactions between grazing, habitat type and rainfall. J Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. Carmona
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG); Ecology Department; Autonomous University of Madrid; 28049; Madrid; Spain
| | - Francisco M. Azcárate
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG); Ecology Department; Autonomous University of Madrid; 28049; Madrid; Spain
| | | | - Helios S. Ollero
- Biology Department; Autonomous University of Madrid; 28049; Madrid; Spain
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; CZ-370 05; Cěské Budějovice; Czech Republic
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG); Ecology Department; Autonomous University of Madrid; 28049; Madrid; Spain
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