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Lener D, Noflatscher M, Kirchmair E, Bauer A, Holfeld J, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Kirchmair R, Theurl M. The angiogenic neuropeptide catestatin exerts beneficial effects on human coronary vascular cells and cardiomyocytes. Peptides 2023; 168:171077. [PMID: 37567254 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial infarction (MI) induces irreversible tissue damage, eventually leading to heart failure. Exogenous induction of angiogenesis positively influences ventricular remodeling after MI. Recently, we could show that therapeutic angiogenesis by the neuropeptide catestatin (CST) restores perfusion in the mouse hind limb ischemia model by the induction of angio-, arterio- and vasculogenesis. Thus, we assumed that CST might exert beneficial effects on cardiac cells. METHODS/RESULTS To test the effect of CST on cardiac angiogenesis in-vitro matrigel assays with human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were performed. CST significantly mediated capillary like tube formation comparable to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was used as positive control. Interestingly, blockade of bFGF resulted in abrogation of observed effects. Moreover, CST induced proliferation of HCAEC and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) as determined by BrdU-incorporation. Similar to the matrigel assay blockade of bFGF attenuated the effect. Consistent with these findings western blot assays revealed a bFGF-dependent phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 by CST in these cell lines. Finally, CST protected human cardiomyocytes in-vitro from apoptosis. CONCLUSION CST might qualify as potential candidate for therapeutic angiogenesis in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lener
- Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Noflatscher
- Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Kirchmair
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Axel Bauer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Theurl
- Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Scavello F, Amiche M, Ghia J. Recent Advances in Multifunctional Antimicrobial Peptides as Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Therapy: Chromogranin A-Derived Peptides and Dermaseptins as Endogenous versus Exogenous Actors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2014. [PMID: 36297449 PMCID: PMC9608009 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by all living organisms exhibiting antimicrobial activities and representing the first line of innate defense against pathogens. In this context, AMPs are suggested as an alternative to classical antibiotics. However, several researchers reported their involvement in different processes defining them as Multifunctional AMPs (MF-AMPs). Interestingly, these agents act as the endogenous responses of the human organism against several dangerous stimuli. Still, they are identified in other organisms and evaluated for their anticancer therapy. Chromogranin A (CgA) is a glyco-phosphoprotein discovered for the first time in the adrenal medulla but also produced in several cells. CgA can generate different derived AMPs influencing numerous physiological processes. Dermaseptins (DRSs) are a family of α-helical-shaped polycationic peptides isolated from the skin secretions of several leaf frogs from the Phyllomedusidae family. Several DRSs were identified as AMPs and, until now, more than 65 DRSs have been classified. Recently, these exogenous molecules were characterized for their anticancer activity. In this review, we summarize the role of these two classes of MF-AMPs as an example of endogenous molecules for CgA-derived peptides, able to modulate inflammation but also as exogenous molecules for DRSs, exerting anticancer activities.
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Chu SY, Peng F, Wang J, Liu L, Meng L, Zhao J, Han XN, Ding WH. Catestatin in defense of oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis: A novel mechanism by activating the beta2 adrenergic receptor and PKB/Akt pathway in ischemic-reperfused myocardium. Peptides 2020; 123:170200. [PMID: 31730792 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is one of the most important cardiomyocytes losses during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Catestatin (CST) has been demonstrated to have the anti-oxidative capacity in vitro. We hypothesized that CST intervention could reduce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by oxidative stress in I/R. In Langendorff-perfused rat heart global I/R model, CST was introduced at the reperfusion stage. In comparison to the control group, CST led to preservation on activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, improvement of hemodynamics, and reduced infarction area in reperfused myocardium. The protection of CST was also shown by less apoptotic cardiomyocytes in TUNEL staining, less caspase-3 activation, and increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) in Western blot. To further demonstrate the benefits of CST and explore the possible underlying mechanism, H2O2-challenged primary-cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used to simulate the oxidative-stressed scenario. CST incubation with the H2O2-challenged cardiomyocytes led to reduction of apoptosis, which was demonstrated by less Hoechst 33342 positive staining of nuclei, less caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation. The effect of CST was abrogated by pretreatment of the cardiomyocytes with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Furthermore, Akt activation and the anti-apoptosis effect of CST were abolished by pretreatment of the cardiomyocytes with β2 receptor inhibitor ICI118551. Thus, the salvage of oxidative-stress-induced apoptotic cardiomyocytes in I/R by CST might involve activation β2 receptor and regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling in reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yun Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Han
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China.
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Al-Risi ES, Al-Essry FS, Mula-Abed WAS. Chromogranin A as a Biochemical Marker for Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single Center Experience at Royal Hospital, Oman. Oman Med J 2017; 32:365-370. [PMID: 29026467 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the significance of serum chromogranin A (CgA) status in patients with and without different neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) by conducting a retrospective assessment of the diagnostic utility and limitations of CgA as a biomarker for NETs in a tertiary care hospital in Oman. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of CgA requests referred to the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Royal Hospital, Oman over a 24-month period (April 2012 to March 2014). During this time, 302 CgA tests for 270 patients (119 males and 151 females; age range 11-86 years and mean±standard deviation (SD) 44.0±18.0 years), were requested. Of these CgA tests, 245 tests were performed for 245 patients investigated for the diagnosis of NETs, and 57 CgA tests were performed for 25 patients with diagnosed NETs who were undergoing follow-up. Serum CgA levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a cut-off value of 22 IU/L. RESULTS Of the 302 CgA tests reviewed, 197 (65.2%) were within the quoted normal range; however, 105 (34.8%) had CgA > 22 IU/L. Of the 245 patients with first-line CgA, 38 patients (15.5%) had NET that included carcinoid, pheochromocytoma, pancreatic NET, adrenal adenoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal NET, medullary thyroid carcinoma, Schwannoma, lung small cell carcinoma, parathyroid adenoma, and pituitary macroadenoma. The mean±SD of CgA in these patients with NETs was 205.0±172.0 IU/L. Meanwhile, there were 45 (18.3%) patients with CgA > 22 IU/L (83.0±116.0 IU/L) who did not have NETs. The conditions/diseases included: essential hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, peptic ulcer, chronic diarrhea, use of proton pump inhibitors, and other chronic diseases (hypothyroidism, asthma, diabetes mellitus). Of the 25 patients with known NET who were followed-up, there were 57 CgA results (29 with CgA ≤ 22 IU/L and 28 with CgA > 22 IU/L). The overall clinical sensitivity of CgA in the diagnosis of NETs was 84.2%, overall specificity was 78.2%, positive predictive value was 41.5%, negative predictive value was 96.4%, and overall efficiency was 79.2%. In patients with individual NET, a good reflection in CgA was noticed in the follow-up period following surgery or therapy. CONCLUSIONS Serum CgA is a sensitive and effective noninvasive laboratory test for the clinical detection and management of NETs. Awareness of the pitfalls of the tests in patients with non-NET conditions, particularly chronic diseases and use of certain drugs, is important to be considered during the interpretation of the CgA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma S Al-Essry
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Directorate of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Waad-Allah S Mula-Abed
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Directorate of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Helle KB, Metz-Boutigue MH, Cerra MC, Angelone T. Chromogranins: from discovery to current times. Pflugers Arch. 2018;470:143-154. [PMID: 28875377 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery in 1953 of the chromaffin granules as co-storage of catecholamines and ATP was soon followed by identification of a range of uniquely acidic proteins making up the isotonic vesicular storage complex within elements of the diffuse sympathoadrenal system. In the mid-1960s, the enzymatically inactive, major core protein, chromogranin A was shown to be exocytotically discharged from the stimulated adrenal gland in parallel with the co-stored catecholamines and ATP. A prohormone concept was introduced when one of the main storage proteins collectively named granins was identified as the insulin release inhibitory polypeptide pancreastatin. A wide range of granin-derived biologically active peptides have subsequently been identified. Both chromogranin A and chromogranin B give rise to antimicrobial peptides of relevance for combat of pathogens. While two of the chromogranin A-derived peptides, vasostatin-I and pancreastatin, are involved in modulation of calcium and glucose homeostasis, respectively, vasostatin-I and catestatin are important modulators of endothelial permeability, angiogenesis, myocardial contractility, and innate immunity. A physiological role is now evident for the full-length chromogranin A and vasostatin-I as circulating stabilizers of endothelial integrity and in protection against myocardial injury. The high circulating levels of chromogranin A and its fragments in patients suffering from various inflammatory diseases have emerged as challenges for future research and clinical applications.
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Angotti C, Venier-Julienne MC, Penna C, Femminò S, Sindji L, Paniagua C, Montero-Menei CN, Pagliaro P. Nanoprecipitated catestatin released from pharmacologically active microcarriers (PAMs) exerts pro-survival effects on MSC. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:506-14. [PMID: 27887883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Catestatin (CST), a fragment of Chromogranin-A, exerts angiogenic, arteriogenic, vasculogenic and cardioprotective effects. CST is a very promising agent for revascularization purposes, in "NOOPTION" patients. However, peptides have a very short half-life after administration and must be conveniently protected. Fibronectin-coated pharmacologically active microcarriers (FN-PAM), are biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric microspheres that can convey mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and therapeutic proteins delivered in a prolonged manner. In this study, we first evaluated whether a small peptide such as CST could be nanoprecipitated and incorporated within FN-PAMs. Subsequently, whether CST may be released in a prolonged manner by functionalized FN-PAMs (FN-PAM-CST). Finally, we assessed the effect of CST released by FN-PAM-CST on the survival of MSCs under stress conditions of hypoxia-reoxygenation. An experimental design, modifying three key parameters (ionic strength, mixing and centrifugation time) of protein nanoprecipitation, was used to define the optimum condition for CST. An optimal nanoprecipitation yield of 76% was obtained allowing encapsulation of solid CST within FN-PAM-CST, which released CST in a prolonged manner. In vitro, MSCs adhered to FN-PAMs, and the controlled release of CST from FN-PAM-CST greatly limited hypoxic MSC-death and enhanced MSC-survival in post-hypoxic environment. These results suggest that FN-PAM-CST are promising tools for cell-therapy.
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Mele M, Morelli S, Fazzari G, Avolio E, Alò R, Piscioneri A, De Bartolo L, Facciolo RM, Canonaco M. Application of the Co-culture Membrane System Pointed to a Protective Role of Catestatin on Hippocampal Plus Hypothalamic Neurons Exposed to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:7369-81. [PMID: 27815840 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of oxygen and glucose even for brief periods is sufficient to cause cerebral ischemia, which is a predominant worldwide cause of motor deficits with the reduction of life quality and subsequently death. Hence, more insights regarding protective measures against ischemic events are becoming a major research goal. Among the many neuronal factors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), orexinergic neuroreceptors (ORXR), and sympatho-inhibitory neuropeptide catestatin (CST) are widely involved with ischemic episodes. In this study, it was possible to induce in vitro ischemic conditions of the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) hippocampal and hypothalamic neuronal cultures, grown on a newly compartmentalized membrane system, via oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). These cultures displayed notably differentiated NMDARergic and ORXergic receptor expression activities along with evident brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plus orexin A (ORX-A) secretion, especially under co-cultured conditions. Interestingly, addition of CST in OGD-insulted hippocampal cells accounted for upregulated GluN1 and ORX1R transcripts that in the case of the latter neuroreceptor was very strongly (p < 0.001) increased when co-cultured with hypothalamic cells. Similarly, hypothalamic neurons supplied very evident upregulations of GluN1, ORX1R, and above all of GluN2A transcripts along with increased BDNF and ORX-A secretion in the presence of hippocampal cells. Overall, the preferential CST effects on BDNF plus ORX-A production together with altered NMDAR and ORXR levels, especially in co-cultured hypothalamic cells pointed to ORX-containing neurons as major protective constituents against ischemic damages thus opening new scenarios on the cross-talking roles of CST during ischemic disorders.
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Quintieri AM, Filice E, Amelio D, Pasqua T, Lupi FR, Scavello F, Cantafio P, Rocca C, Lauria A, Penna C, De Cindio B, Cerra MC, Angelone T. The innovative "Bio-Oil Spread" prevents metabolic disorders and mediates preconditioning-like cardioprotection in rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:603-613. [PMID: 27113292 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is often associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The food industry and the associated research activities focus on formulating products that are a perfect mix between an adequate fat content and health. We evaluated whether a diet enriched with Bio-Oil Spread (SD), an olive oil-based innovative food, is cardioprotective in the presence of high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were fed for 16 weeks with normolipidic diet (ND; fat: 6.2%), HFD (fat: 42%), and ND enriched with SD (6.2% of fat + 35.8% of SD). Metabolic and anthropometric parameters were measured. Heart and liver structures were analyzed by histochemical examination. Ischemic susceptibility was evaluated on isolated and Langendorff-perfused cardiac preparations. Signaling was assessed by Western blotting. Compared to ND rats, HFD rats showed increased body weight and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Morphological analyses showed that HFD is associated with heart and liver modifications (hypertrophy and steatosis, respectively), lesser evident in the SD group, together with metabolic and anthropometric alterations. In particular, IGF-1R immunodetection revealed a reduction of hypertrophy in SD heart sections. Notably, SD diet significantly reduced myocardial susceptibility against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) with respect to HFD through the activation of survival signals (Akt, ERK1/2, and Bcl2). Systolic and diastolic performance was preserved in the SD group. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that SD may contribute to the prevention of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular alterations typical of severe obesity induced by an HFD, including the increased ischemic susceptibility of the myocardium. Our results pave the way to evaluate the introduction of SD in human alimentary guidelines as a strategy to reduce saturated fat intake.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Abdominal Fat/physiopathology
- Adiposity
- Animal Feed
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dietary Supplements
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dyslipidemias/blood
- Dyslipidemias/etiology
- Dyslipidemias/prevention & control
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Glucose Intolerance/blood
- Glucose Intolerance/etiology
- Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Lipids/blood
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/blood
- Metabolic Syndrome/etiology
- Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control
- Myocardial Infarction/blood
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/blood
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/prevention & control
- Obesity, Abdominal/blood
- Obesity, Abdominal/etiology
- Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Olive Oil/administration & dosage
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Quintieri
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - E Filice
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - D Amelio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - T Pasqua
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - F R Lupi
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - F Scavello
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - P Cantafio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - C Rocca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - A Lauria
- ASL San Marco Argentano (CS), Veterinary Medicine Section, Italy
| | - C Penna
- Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - B De Cindio
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - M C Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy.
| | - T Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy.
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Xu W, Yu H, Li W, Gao W, Guo L, Wang G. Plasma Catestatin: A Useful Biomarker for Coronary Collateral Development with Chronic Myocardial Ischemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149062. [PMID: 27304618 PMCID: PMC4909297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Catestatin is an endogenous multifunctional neuroendocrinepeptide. Recently, catestatin was discovered as a novel angiogenic cytokine. The study was to investigate the associations between endogenous catestatin and coronary collateral development among the patients with chronic myocardial ischemia. Methods Thirty-eight patients with coronary artery chronic total occlusions (CTO) (CTO group) and 38 patients with normal coronary arteries (normal group) were enrolled in the series. Among the patients with CTO, coronary collateral development was graded according to the Rentrop score method. Rentrop score 0–1 collateral development was regarded as poor collateral group and 2–3 collateral development was regarded as good collateral group. Plasma catestatin level and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by ELISA kits. Results The plasma catestatin levels in CTO group were significantly higher than that in normal group (1.97±1.01 vs 1.36±0.97ng/ml, p = 0.009). In the CTO group, the patients with good collateral development had significantly higher catestatin and VEGF levels than those with poor collateral development (2.36±0.73 vs 1.61±1.12 ng/ml, p = 0.018; 425.23±140.10 vs 238.48±101.00pg/mL, p<0.001). There is a positive correlation between plasma catestatin levels and Rentrop scores (r = 0.40, p = 0.013) among the patients with CTO. However, there is no correlations between plasma catestatin levels and VEGF (r = -0.06, p = 0.744). In the multiple linear regression models, plasma catestatin level was one of the independent factors of coronary collateral development after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions Plasma catestatin was associated with coronary collateral developments. It may be a useful biomarker for coronary collateral development and potential target for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with CTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Haiyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lijun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guisong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
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Helle KB, Corti A. Chromogranin A: a paradoxical player in angiogenesis and vascular biology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:339-48. [PMID: 25297920 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Half a century after the discovery of chromogranin A as a secreted product of the catecholamine storage granules in the bovine adrenal medulla, the physiological role for the circulating pool of this protein has been recently coined, namely as an important player in vascular homeostasis. While the circulating chromogranin A since 1984 has proved to be a significant and useful marker of a wide range of pathophysiological and pathological conditions involving the diffuse neuroendocrine system, this protein has now been assigned a physiological "raison d'etre" as a regulator in vascular homeostasis. Moreover, chromogranin A processing in response to tissue damage and blood coagulation provides the first indication of a difference in time frame of the regulation of angiogenesis evoked by the intact chromogranin A and its two major peptide products, vasostatin-1 and catestatin. The impact of these discoveries on vascular homeostasis, angiogenesis, cancer, tissue repair and cardio-regulation will be discussed.
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Abstract
Together with Chromogranin B and Secretogranins, Chromogranin A (CGA) is stored in secretory (chromaffin) granules of the diffuse neuroendocrine system and released with noradrenalin and adrenalin. Co-stored within the granule together with neuropeptideY, cardiac natriuretic peptide hormones, several prohormones and their proteolytic enzymes, CGA is a multifunctional protein and a major marker of the sympatho-adrenal neuroendocrine activity. Due to its partial processing to several biologically active peptides, CGA appears an important pro-hormone implicated in relevant modulatory actions on endocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems through both direct and indirect sympatho-adrenergic interactions. As a part of this scenario, we here illustrate the emerging role exerted by the full-length CGA and its three derived fragments, i.e., Vasostatin 1, catestatin and serpinin, in the control of circulatory homeostasis with particular emphasis on their cardio-vascular actions under both physiological and physio-pathological conditions. The Vasostatin 1- and catestatin-induced cardiodepressive influences are achieved through anti-beta-adrenergic-NO-cGMP signaling, while serpinin acts like beta1-adrenergic agonist through AD-cAMP-independent NO signaling. On the whole, these actions contribute to widen our knowledge regarding the sympatho-chromaffin control of the cardiovascular system and its highly integrated “whip-brake” networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tota
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria C Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Pasqua T, Corti A, Gentile S, Pochini L, Bianco M, Metz-Boutigue MH, Cerra MC, Tota B, Angelone T. Full-length human chromogranin-A cardioactivity: myocardial, coronary, and stimulus-induced processing evidence in normotensive and hypertensive male rat hearts. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3353-65. [PMID: 23751870 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasma chromogranin-A (CgA) concentrations correlate with severe cardiovascular diseases, whereas CgA-derived vasostatin-I and catestatin elicit cardiosuppression via an antiadrenergic/nitric oxide-cGMP mediated mechanism. Whether these phenomena are related is unknown. We here investigated whether and to what extent full-length CgA directly influences heart performance and may be subjected to stimulus-elicited intracardiac processing. Using normotensive and hypertensive rats, we evaluated the following: 1) direct myocardial and coronary effects of full-length CgA; 2) the signal-transduction pathway involved in its action mechanism; and 3) CgA intracardiac processing after β-adrenergic [isoproterenol (Iso)]- and endothelin-1(ET-1)-dependent stimulation. The study was performed by using a Langendorff perfusion apparatus, Western blotting, affinity chromatography, and ELISA. We found that CgA (1-4 nM) dilated coronaries and induced negative inotropism and lusitropism, which disappeared at higher concentrations (10-16 nM). In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), negative inotropism and lusitropism were more potent than in young normotensive rats. We found that perfusion itself, Iso-, and endothelin-1 stimulation induced intracardiac CgA processing in low-molecular-weight fragments in young, Wistar Kyoto, and SHR rats. In young normotensive and adult hypertensive rats, CgA increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and cGMP levels. Analysis of the perfusate from both Wistar rats and SHRs of untreated and treated (Iso) hearts revealed CgA absence. In conclusion, in normotensive and hypertensive rats, we evidenced the following: 1) full-length CgA directly affects myocardial and coronary function by AkT/nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G pathway; and 2) the heart generates intracardiac CgA fragments in response to hemodynamic and excitatory challenges. For the first time at the cardiovascular level, our data provide a conceptual link between systemic and intracardiac actions of full-length CgA and its fragments, expanding the knowledge on the sympathochromaffin/CgA axis under normal and physiopathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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