1
|
Kountouras J, Boziki M, Kazakos E, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Nella M, Bakirtzis C, Karafoulidou E, Vardaka E, Mouratidou MC, Kyrailidi F, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Orovou E, Giartza-Taxidou E, Deretzi G, Grigoriadis N, Doulberis M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori and metabolic syndrome on mast cell activation-related pathophysiology and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105724. [PMID: 38508416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent worldwide. The emergence of relevant research suggesting a pathogenic linkage between H. pylori infection and MetS-related cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly through mechanisms involving brain pericyte deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, elevated lipoprotein-a, galectin-3 overexpression, atrial fibrillation, and gut dysbiosis, has raised stimulating questions regarding their pathophysiology and its translational implications for clinicians. An additional stimulating aspect refers to H. pylori and MetS-related activation of innate immune cells, mast cells (MC), which is an important, often early, event in systemic inflammatory pathologies and related brain disorders. Synoptically, MC degranulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and MetS-related obesity, adipokine effects, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness, an early indicator of atherosclerosis associated with cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Meningeal MC can be activated by triggers including stress and toxins resulting in vascular changes and neurodegeneration. Likewise, H.pylori and MetS-related MC activation is linked with: (a) vasculitis and thromboembolic events that increase the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and (b) gut dysbiosis-associated neurodegeneration, whereas modulation of gut microbiota and MC activation may promote neuroprotection. This narrative review investigates the intricate relationship between H. pylori infection, MetS, MC activation, and their collective impact on pathophysiological processes linked to neurodegeneration. Through a comprehensive search of current literature, we elucidate the mechanisms through which H. pylori and MetS contribute to MC activation, subsequently triggering cascades of inflammatory responses. This highlights the role of MC as key mediators in the pathogenesis of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing their involvement in neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction and, ultimately, neuronal damage. Although further research is warranted, we provide a novel perspective on the pathophysiology and management of brain disorders by exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting H. pylori eradication, MetS management, and modulation of MC to mitigate neurodegeneration risk while promoting neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Nella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria C Mouratidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Foteini Kyrailidi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eirini Orovou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Gastroklinik, Private Gastroenterological Practice, 8810, Horgen, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barkhane Z, Elmadi J, Satish Kumar L, Pugalenthi LS, Ahmad M, Reddy S. Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmunity: A Veiled Relationship. Cureus 2022; 14:e24294. [PMID: 35607574 PMCID: PMC9123335 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory illness that affects the central nervous system (CNS) when the body's immune system attacks its tissue. It is characterized by demyelination and varying degrees of axonal loss. This article has compiled various studies elaborating MS and other autoimmune diseases (ADs) co-occurrence. Several conditions that fall into this category, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and many others, are found in MS patients and their relatives, suggesting one or more common etiologic mechanisms, including genetic, environmental, and immunological factors, supporting the concept of a possible influence of poly-autoimmunity on MS and the rest of ADs, as well as providing a significant feature for early detection of the disease and also a potential treatment option by clinical neurologists.
Collapse
|
3
|
Microbes and Parkinson’s disease: from associations to mechanisms. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:749-760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
4
|
|
5
|
Shen S, Zhang C, Xu YM, Shi CH. The Role of Pathogens and Anti-Infective Agents in Parkinson's Disease, from Etiology to Therapeutic Implications. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:27-44. [PMID: 34719435 PMCID: PMC8842782 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology is still unclear, hampering the development of effective treatments. There is an urgent need to identify the etiology and provide further effective treatments. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that infection may play a role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. The infective pathogens may act as a trigger for Parkinson's disease, the most common of which are hepatitis C virus, influenza virus, and Helicobacter pylori. In addition, gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to influence brain function through the gut-brain axis, showing an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, a series of anti-infective agents exhibit surprising neuroprotective effects via various mechanisms, such as interfering with α-synuclein aggregation, inhibiting neuroinflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, and preventing from cell death, independent of their antimicrobial effects. The pleiotropic agents affect important events in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Moreover, most of them are less toxic, clinically safe and have good blood-brain penetrability, making them hopeful candidates for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, the use of antibiotics and subsequent gut dysbiosis may also play a role in Parkinson's disease, making the long-term effects of anti-infective drugs worthy of further consideration and exploration. This review summarizes the current evidence for the association between infective pathogens and Parkinson's disease and subsequently explores the application prospects of anti-infective drugs in Parkinson's disease treatment, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang-He Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu NY, Sun JH, Jiang XF, Li H. Helicobacter pylori infection and risk for developing dementia: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22571-22587. [PMID: 34559067 PMCID: PMC8507304 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with multiple pathogens may play a key role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated causally with dementia is controversial. OBJECTIVE We conduct a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies on the association between H. pylori infection and the risk for all-cause and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. METHODS Two independent reviewers searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases with English language restrictions from the date of conception to September 18, 2020. The primary analysis was as follows: the exposure variable was H. pylori infection, and the outcome was incident all-cause and AD dementia. Pooled odds ratios (OR), relative risk (RR), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using the fixed-or random-effect model. Forest plots were generated to summarize the results. RESULTS Ten studies involving 96,561 participants were included in the meta-analysis: 5 case-control studies and 5 cohort studies. The overall pooled cohort studies showed a significant positive association between H. pylori infection and all-cause dementia with pooled RR of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11-1.67). There was no association between H. pylori infection and risk for developing AD: RR of 1.33 (95% CI, 0.86-2.05) in cohort studies, and OR of 1.72 (95% CI, 0.97-3.04) in case-control studies. Significant heterogeneity was showed in each comparison group. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis supports a positive association between H. pylori infection and the risk of all-cause dementia, but not AD dementia. Due to the interference of confounding factors, randomized controlled trials are needed to prove their causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Yang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fan Jiang
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Extragastric Diseases-A Focus on the Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092191. [PMID: 34571840 PMCID: PMC8469861 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is most known to cause a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal impairments; however, an increasing number of studies indicates that H. pylori infection might be involved in numerous extragastric diseases such as neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatobiliary, or even allergic diseases. In this review, we focused on the nervous system and aimed to summarize the findings regarding H. pylori infection and its involvement in the induction/progression of neurological disorders. Neurological impairments induced by H. pylori infection are primarily due to impairments in the gut-brain axis (GBA) and to an altered gut microbiota facilitated by H. pylori colonization. Currently, regarding a potential relationship between Helicobacter infection and neurological disorders, most of the studies are mainly focused on H. pylori.
Collapse
|
8
|
Boziki M, Grigoriadis N, Papaefthymiou A, Doulberis M, Polyzos SA, Gavalas E, Deretzi G, Karafoulidou E, Kesidou E, Taloumtzis C, Theotokis P, Sofou E, Katsinelos P, Vardaka E, Fludaras I, Touloumtzi M, Koukoufiki A, Simeonidou C, Liatsos C, Kountouras J. The trimebutine effect on Helicobacter pylori-related gastrointestinal tract and brain disorders: A hypothesis. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104938. [PMID: 33535070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The localization of bacterial components and/or metabolites in the central nervous system may elicit neuroinflammation and/or neurodegeneration. Helicobacter pylori (a non-commensal symbiotic gastrointestinal pathogen) infection and its related metabolic syndrome have been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system disorders, thus medications affecting the nervous system - gastrointestinal tract may shape the potential of Helicobacter pylori infection to trigger these pathologies. Helicobacter pylori associated metabolic syndrome, by impairing gut motility and promoting bacterial overgrowth and translocation, might lead to brain pathologies. Trimebutine maleate is a prokinetic drug that hastens gastric emptying, by inducing the release of gastrointestinal agents such as motilin and gastrin. Likewise, it appears to protect against inflammatory signal pathways, involved in inflammatory disorders including brain pathologies. Trimebutine maleate also acts as an antimicrobial agent and exerts opioid agonist effect. This study aimed to investigate a hypothesis regarding the recent advances in exploring the potential role of gastrointestinal tract microbiota dysbiosis-related metabolic syndrome and Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract and brain diseases. We hereby proposed a possible neuroprotective role for trimebutine maleate by altering the dynamics of the gut-brain axis interaction, thus suggesting an additional effect of trimebutine maleate on Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens against these pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boziki
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, 41110, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Gavalas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, 56429, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Charilaos Taloumtzis
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece; 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Department of Gastroenterology, Thessaloniki, 56429, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Electra Sofou
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 574 00, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Ioannis Fludaras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Touloumtzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Argiro Koukoufiki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Constantina Simeonidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Liatsos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Gastroenterology, 401 Army General Hospital of Athens, Athens, 115 25, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Katsinelos T, Doulberis M, Polyzos SA, Papaefthymiou A, Katsinelos P, Kountouras J. Molecular Links Between Alzheimer's Disease and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Emphasis on Helicobacter pylori Infection Involvement. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:3-12. [PMID: 31530263 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190917125917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the main form of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and detrimental consequences in both personal-family and global level. Within this narrative review, we provide recent molecular aspects of Tau, a microtubule AD-associated protein, as well as amyloid beta, involved in AD pathophysiology. Moreover, we provide additional emerging data from basic research as well as clinical studies indicating an implicating role of gastrointestinal microbiota (GI-M), including Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp-I), in AD pathophysiology. Likewise, we identified through a molecular prism the current evidence of AD pathogenesis as well as its linkage with GI-M and emphasizing the role of Hp-I. All in all, additional large-scale studies are required for the further clarification of AD pathophysiology and its connection with GI-M and Hp-I, so as novel therapies on molecular basis become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Macedonia, Greece.,First Department of Pharmacology Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Macedonia, Greece.,Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Macedonia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zuo Y, Jing Z, Bie M, Xu C, Hao X, Wang B. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21832. [PMID: 32925719 PMCID: PMC7489651 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing evidence on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis to explore this relationship and to determine whether the relationship varies according to the study characteristics. METHODS We searched the PubMed, OVID, EMBASE database, and the reference lists of pertinent articles published up to October 2019 by 2 researchers independently. Summary odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Forty seven studies including 17,416 cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 55,811 cases of control were included. Overall, H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of CRC (OR = 1.70 95% CI 1.64-1.76, I = 97%), although there was significant heterogeneity among the studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that the positive correlation might vary by the design of study conducted. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrates a positive association between H. pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zuo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhao Jing
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Mingjiang Bie
- West China fourth hospital of Public Health, Sichuan University
| | - Chunyan Xu
- J. N. Medical Laboratory, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan
| | - Baoning Wang
- West China School of Basic medical sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Choi HG, Soh JS, Lim JS, Sim SY, Jung YJ, Lee SW. Peptic ulcer does not increase the risk of dementia: A nested case control study using a national sample cohort. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21703. [PMID: 32872044 PMCID: PMC7437840 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that peptic ulcer disease (PUD) increases the risk of dementia via the mechanism of systemic inflammation. We examined the association between PUD and the risk of dementia using a population-based national sample cohort from South Korea.Using the national cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, we extracted data for patients with dementia (n = 11,434) and for 1:4 matched control participants (n = 45,736) and then analyzed the previous histories of PUD from 2002 to 2013 using conditional logistic regression analyses. The controls were matched to the patients according to age, sex, income, region of residence, and past medical history. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age and sex.There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of PUD between the dementia and control groups (18.0% vs 17.4%, P = .107). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for PUD was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.88-0.97, P = .002). In the subgroup analysis based on age, the adjusted ORs for PUD were 0.93 (95% CI = 0.88-0.99) in the <80-year-old group and 0.90 (95% CI = 0.82-1.00) in the ≥80-year-old group (each P < .05). In the subgroup analysis based on sex, the adjusted ORs for PUD were 0.89 (95% CI = 0.81-0.97; P < .05) in men and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.89-1.00; P = .06) in women.PUD does not increase the risk of dementia at any age or in either sex after adjusting for age and the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory
| | | | - Jae Sung Lim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang
| | - Song Yong Sim
- Department of Statistics and Institute of Statistics, Hallym University, Chuncheon
| | - Yoon Jung Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cavallo S. Immune-mediated genesis of multiple sclerosis. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 3:100039. [PMID: 32743522 PMCID: PMC7388381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is widely acknowledged to be an autoimmune disease affecting the neuronal myelin structure of the CNS. Autoantigens recognized as the target of this autoimmune process are: myelin basal protein, anti-proteolipid protein, antimyelin-associated glycoprotein and antimyelin-based oligodendrocytic basic protein. Ample evidence supports the idea of a dysregulation of immunological tolerance towards self-antigens of neuronal myelin structure triggered by one or more viral or bacterial microbial agents in predisposed HLA gene subjects. Genetic predisposition to MS has been highlighted by numerous studies associating the disease to specific HLA haplotypes. Moreover, a wide range of evidence supports the fact that MS may be consequence of one or more viral or bacterial infections such as measles virus, EBV, HHV6, HZV, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter Pylori, and other microbial agents. Microbiota elements also seems to have a role on the determinism of the disease as a pathogenic or protective factor. The autoimmune pathogenetic process could arise when a molecular mimicry between a foreign microbial antigen and an auto-antigen occurs in an HLA gene subject competent for that particular antigen. The antigen-presenting cells in this case would induce the activation of a specific Th clone causing a cross-reaction between a foreign antigen and an autoantigen resulting in an autoimmune response. A multifactorial ethiopathogenetic model based on immunomediation is a reliable hypothesis for multiple sclerosis. Evidence found in the scientific literature makes it possible to reconstruct this etiopathogenetic hypothesis for MS. HLA gene predisposition, correlation with infections, molecular mimicry and other immunological data are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cavallo
- Expert Doctor in Non-Conventional Medicine, Professor and Member of the Board of the MMS, MMS (Medicina di Modulazione Dei Sistemi) Roma, Salvatore Cavallo Via G.B. Pergolesi, 28, 75100, Matera, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Su JS, Honsberger S, Husnain MG. Transient parkinsonism associated with acute Legionnaires’ disease. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/1/e233152. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-233152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 44-year-old right-handed man with a 5-day history of non-productive cough associated with subjective fevers/chills and night sweats presented to the emergency department with slurred speech. Radiography and urine antigen testing confirmed the diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia. The hospital course was complicated by acute hypoxic respiratory failure that required 7 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Following extubation, the patient had dysarthria and developed new parkinsonism features. Brain imaging revealed a non-specific focal lesion in the left frontal lobe of unclear significance. Ciprofloxacin was decided as the final antibiotic of choice for its favourable central nervous system profile. Levodopa–carbidopa was initiated to help activate the basal ganglia. The patient had complete resolution of pneumonia and transient parkinsonism. He was able to regain most of his baseline functional status with intensive rehabilitation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Limphaibool N, Iwanowski P, Holstad MJV, Kobylarek D, Kozubski W. Infectious Etiologies of Parkinsonism: Pathomechanisms and Clinical Implications. Front Neurol 2019; 10:652. [PMID: 31275235 PMCID: PMC6593078 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in recent decades has expanded our insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), though the underlying cause remains incompletely understood. Neuroinflammation have become a point of interest in the interconnecting areas of neurodegeneration and infectious diseases. The hypothesis concerning an infectious origin in PD stems from the observation of Parkinson-like symptoms in individuals infected with the influenza virus who then developed encephalitis lethargica. The implications of infectious pathogens have later been studied in neuronal pathways leading to the development of Parkinsonism and PD, through both a direct association and through synergistic effects of infectious pathogens in inducing neuroinflammation. This review explores the relationship between important infectious pathogens and Parkinsonism, including symptoms of Parkinsonism following infectious etiologies, infectious contributions to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative processes associated with Parkinsonism, and the epidemiologic correlations between infectious pathogens and idiopathic PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Iwanowski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Dominik Kobylarek
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kountouras J, Polyzos SA, Deretzi G. Multiple Bidirectionality Brain-Gut Interactions in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1651-1652. [PMID: 30118743 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Connection between Systemic Inflammation and Neuroinflammation Underlies Neuroprotective Mechanism of Several Phytochemicals in Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1972714. [PMID: 30402203 PMCID: PMC6196798 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1972714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and a substantial portion of elderly population at risk of these diseases requires nutritional intervention to benefit health due to lack of clinically relevant drugs. To this end, anti-inflammatory mechanisms of several phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, propolis, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and ginsenosides have been extensively studied. However, correlation of the phytochemicals with neuroinflammation or brain nutrition is not fully considered, especially in their therapeutic mechanism for neuronal damage or dysfunction. In this article, we review the advance in antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemicals and discuss the potential communication with brain microenvironment by improved gastrointestinal function, enhanced systemic immunity, and neuroprotective outcomes. These data show that phytochemicals may modulate and suppress neuroinflammation of the brain by several approaches: (1) reducing systemic inflammation and infiltration via the blood-brain barrier (BBB), (2) direct permeation into the brain parenchyma leading to neuroprotection, (3) enhancing integrity of disrupted BBB, and (4) vagal reflex-mediated nutrition and protection by gastrointestinal function signaling to the brain. Therefore, many phytochemicals have multiple potential neuroprotective approaches contributing to therapeutic benefit for pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and development of strategies for preventing these diseases represents a considerable public health concern and socioeconomic burden.
Collapse
|
17
|
Dardiotis E, Tsouris Z, Mentis AFA, Siokas V, Michalopoulou A, Sokratous M, Dastamani M, Bogdanos DP, Deretzi G, Kountouras J. H. pylori and Parkinson's disease: Meta-analyses including clinical severity. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 175:16-24. [PMID: 30308319 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The exact etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. Some evidence supports Helicobacter pylori infection as a trigger or driving event, but detection and eradication of H. pylori are not part of PD management. The aims of this case-control study and meta-analysis were to determine (i) the prevalence of H. pylori infection in PD patients, (ii) associations between H. pylori infection and clinical status, and (iii) differences in motor status in PD patients before and after H. pylori eradication. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in PD, its association with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), and the association of H. pylori eradication therapy with the UPDRS-III score were determined by calculating the odds ratios (OR) and the standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Fixed- and random-effects models were applied. Ten studies were included in the first meta-analysis (5043 PD patients, 23,449 HCs); H. pylori infection prevalence was higher in PD patients than in HCs [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.27, 1.70), Pz<0.00001]. In seven studies reporting UPDRS scores (150 H. pylori infected, 228 non-infected PD patients), there was a significant association between H. pylori infection and mean UPDRS scores [SMD (95% CI): 0.33 (0.12, 0.54), Pz = 0.003]. Regarding H. pylori eradication, in five studies (90 PD patients), there was a significant reduction in UPDRS-III scores after treatment [SMD (95% CI): 6.83 (2.29, 11.38), Pz = 0.003]. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis revealed a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection in PD patients suggesting that H. pylori may contribute to PD pathophysiology. In addition, the significantly lower UPDRS scores in non-infected PD patients and in patients after H. pylori eradication therapy demonstrate that the infection may deteriorate the clinical severity of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece; Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Amalia Michalopoulou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Sokratous
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Metaxia Dastamani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Cellular Immunotherapy & Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), Institute for Research and Technology-Thessaly (IRETETH), Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Doulberis M, Kotronis G, Thomann R, Polyzos SA, Boziki M, Gialamprinou D, Deretzi G, Katsinelos P, Kountouras J. Review: Impact of Helicobacter pylori on Alzheimer's disease: What do we know so far? Helicobacter 2018; 23. [PMID: 29181894 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori has changed radically gastroenterologic world, offering a new concept in patients' management. Over time, more medical data gave rise to diverse distant, extragastric manifestations and interactions of the "new" discovered bacterium. Special interest appeared within the field of neurodegenerative diseases and particularly Alzheimer's disease, as the latter and Helicobacter pylori infection are associated with a large public health burden and Alzheimer's disease ranks as the leading cause of disability. However, the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain. METHODS We performed a narrative review regarding a possible connection between Helicobacter pylori and Alzheimer's disease. All accessible relevant (pre)clinical studies written in English were included. Both affected pathologies were briefly analyzed, and relevant studies are discussed, trying to focus on the possible pathogenetic role of this bacterium in Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS Data stemming from both epidemiologic studies and animal experiments seem to be rather encouraging, tending to confirm the hypothesis that Helicobacter pylori infection might influence the course of Alzheimer's disease pleiotropically. Possible main mechanisms may include the bacterium's access to the brain via the oral-nasal-olfactory pathway or by circulating monocytes (infected with Helicobacter pylori due to defective autophagy) through disrupted blood-brain barrier, thereby possibly triggering neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Current data suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection might influence the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are mandatory to clarify a possible favorable effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, before the recommendation of short-term and cost-effective therapeutic regimens against Helicobacter pylori-related Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Hospital, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Pavlos General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Robert Thomann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Hospital, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Marina Boziki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitra Gialamprinou
- Department of Pediatrics, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Boziki M, Polyzos SA, Deretzi G, Kazakos E, Katsinelos P, Doulberis M, Kotronis G, Giartza-Taxidou E, Laskaridis L, Tzivras D, Vardaka E, Kountouras C, Grigoriadis N, Thomann R, Kountouras J. A potential impact of Helicobacter pylori-related galectin-3 in neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2017; 113:137-151. [PMID: 29246761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration represents a component of the central nervous system (CNS) diseases pathogenesis, either as a disability primary source in the frame of prototype neurodegenerative disorders, or as a secondary effect, following inflammation, hypoxia or neurotoxicity. Galectins are members of the lectin superfamily, a group of endogenous glycan-binding proteins, able to interact with glycosylated receptors expressed by several immune cell types. Glycan-lectin interactions play critical roles in the living systems by involving and mediating a variety of biologically important normal and pathological processes, including cell-cell signaling shaping cell communication, proliferation and migration, immune responses and fertilization, host-pathogen interactions and diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and tumors. This review focuses in the role of Galectin-3 in shaping responses of the immune system against microbial agents, and concretely, Helicobacter pylori (Hp), thereby potentiating effect of the microbe in areas distant from the ordinary site of colonization, like the CNS. We hereby postulate that gastrointestinal Hp alterations in terms of immune cell functional phenotype, cytokine and chemokine secretion, may trigger systemic responses, thereby conferring implications for remote processes susceptible in immunity disequilibrium, namely, the CNS inflammation and/or neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boziki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leonidas Laskaridis
- Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri Tzivras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Robert Thomann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Augmentation of Autoantibodies by Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson's Disease Patients May Be Linked to Greater Severity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153725. [PMID: 27100827 PMCID: PMC4839651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Its etiology remains elusive and at present only symptomatic treatments exists. Helicobacter pylori chronically colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than half of the global human population. Interestingly, H. pylori positivity has been found to be associated with greater of PD motor severity. In order to investigate the underlying cause of this association, the Sengenics Immunome protein array, which enables simultaneous screening for autoantibodies against 1636 human proteins, was used to screen the serum of 30 H. pylori-seropositive PD patients (case) and 30 age- and gender-matched H. pylori-seronegative PD patients (control) in this study. In total, 13 significant autoantibodies were identified and ranked, with 8 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated in the case group. Among autoantibodies found to be elevated in H. pylori-seropositive PD were included antibodies that recognize Nuclear factor I subtype A (NFIA), Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIFA3). The presence of elevated autoantibodies against proteins essential for normal neurological functions suggest that immunomodulatory properties of H. pylori may explain the association between H. pylori positivity and greater PD motor severity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Deretzi G, Gavalas E, Boziki M, Tsiptsios D, Polyzos SA, Venizelos I, Zavos C, Koutlas E, Tsiptsios I, Katsinelos P, Kountouras J. Impact of Helicobacter pylori on multiple sclerosis-related clinically isolated syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 133:268-75. [PMID: 26079721 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are no data regarding the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp-I) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the association between active Hp-I, confirmed by histology, and CIS and to evaluate the impact of Hp eradication on the CIS clinical course. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a study on 48 patients with CIS and 20 matched controls. At baseline, apart from histology, serum anti-Hp-specific IgG titer, inflammatory mediators, and HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DR genetic polymorphisms were estimated. Hp-positive patients received standard triple eradication regimen, and all patients were followed up for 2 years. RESULTS The prevalence of Hp-I was significantly higher in patients with CIS (43/48, 89.6%) than in control (10/20, 50%) (P < 0.001, OR: 8.6, 95% CI: 2.4-30.8). When compared with controls, patients with CIS also showed significantly higher serum anti-Hp IgG titer and HLA-A26, HLA-A30, and HLA-B57 frequencies. Hp-positive patients also showed higher serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and homocysteine. At 2-year clinical endpoint, in the subgroup of CIS patients with successful Hp eradication, the number of patients who presented with a second episode was significantly lower accompanied by significant improvement in mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score. CONCLUSIONS Hp-I seems more frequent in a Greek CIS cohort and its eradication might delay CIS progression, suggesting a possible link between Hp-I and CIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Deretzi
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit; Department of Neurology; “Papageorgiou” Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - E. Gavalas
- Department of Medicine; Second Medical Clinic; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - M. Boziki
- 2nd Department of Neurology; AHEPA University Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - D. Tsiptsios
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit; Department of Neurology; “Papageorgiou” Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - S. A. Polyzos
- Department of Medicine; Second Medical Clinic; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - I. Venizelos
- Department of Medicine; Second Medical Clinic; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - C. Zavos
- Department of Medicine; Second Medical Clinic; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - E. Koutlas
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit; Department of Neurology; “Papageorgiou” Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - I. Tsiptsios
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit; Department of Neurology; “Papageorgiou” Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - P. Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine; Second Medical Clinic; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - J. Kountouras
- Department of Medicine; Second Medical Clinic; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shen CH, Chou CH, Liu FC, Lin TY, Huang WY, Wang YC, Kao CH. Association Between Tuberculosis and Parkinson Disease: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2883. [PMID: 26937925 PMCID: PMC4779022 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the association between tuberculosis (TB) and Parkinson disease (PD). This nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study investigated the risk of PD in patients with TB.We selected patients newly diagnosed with TB (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification: 011) from 2000 to 2009 in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database as the TB cohort. The comparison cohort (the non-TB cohort) was frequency matched to the TB cohort at a ratio of 4:1 by sex, age, and the index date. We analyzed the risks of PD by using Cox proportional hazard regression models.A total of 121,951 patients with TB and 487,800 non-TB controls were enrolled in this study. The TB cohort had a 1.38-fold risk of PD compared with the non-TB cohort after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities (aHR, 95% CI: 1.30-1.46). The adjusted risk of PD in the TB and non-TB cohorts increased in subgroups regardless of age, sex, and comorbidities. Combined effect of TB and comorbidities on the risk of PD were significant in patients with TB who had diabetes (aHR: 2.26, 95% CI: 2.02-2.52), hypertension (aHR: 2.23, 95% CI: 2.04-2.44), head injury (aHR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.95-2.77), chronic kidney disease (aHR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.49-2.72), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aHR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.66-2.05), depression (aHR: 4.66, 95% CI: 3.59-6.05), dementia (aHR: 3.70, 95% CI: 2.99-4.59), and stroke (aHR: 2.56, 95% CI: 2.28-2.87). The risk of PD was higher in a follow-up within 1 year (aHR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.58-2.00) and decreased with the follow-up period in the TB cohort.Patients with TB have an independently 1.38-fold risk of PD. The risk of PD decreased with the follow-up period in the TB cohort. Physicians should be aware of the risk of PD in patients with TB when treating such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Shen
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (C-HS), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Neurology (C-HC); Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy (F-CL); Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine (T-YL), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Radiation Oncology (W-YH), Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei; School of Medicine (Y-CW), China Medical University; Management Office for Health Data (Y-CW), China Medical University Hospital; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science (C-HK), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung; and Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center (C-HK), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Cui R, Lu K, Zhao Y. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with vascular dementia. J Neurol Sci 2016; 362:73-7. [PMID: 26944122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Accumulating evidence indicates that various infections contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been implicated as a risk factor of atherosclerosis for stroke and other cardiovascular disease, but limited data exist regarding vascular dementia (VD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Hp infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with VD. METHODS A total of 354 patients who were diagnosed with VD were enrolled. Patients were divided into Hp positive VD group (n=208) and Hp negative VD group (n=156) using the (13)C-urea breath test ((13)C-UBT). Serum YKL-40, a marker for inflammation, were analyzed by ELISA. Traditional atherosclerotic risk factors including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were collected or detected. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was determined by color Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS CIMT values and serum YKL-40 significantly increased in Hp positive VD group in comparison with Hp negative VD group (p<0.05). In Hp positive VD group, serum YKL-40 was positively correlated with CIMT (r=0.412, p<0.05), and the association was independent of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors (β=0.381, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS CIMT and serum YKL-4 were significantly higher in Hp positive patients than Hp negative patients. Hp-induced inflammation may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with VD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunlin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruiting Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kaili Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Cui R, Zhao Y. Is Helicobacter pylori infection a critical risk factor for vascular dementia? Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:899-903. [PMID: 26269142 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1081387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Xu
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- 2Department of Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, China
| | - Yunlin Liu
- 3Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruiting Cui
- 3Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Brizi C, Santulli C, Micucci M, Budriesi R, Chiarini A, Aldinucci C, Frosini M. Neuroprotective Effects of Castanea sativa Mill. Bark Extract in Human Neuroblastoma Cells Subjected to Oxidative Stress. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:510-20. [PMID: 26240013 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the major features of neurodegenerative disease is the selective vulnerability of different neuronal populations that are affected in a progressive and often stereotyped manner. Despite the susceptible neuronal population varies between diseases, oxidative stress is implicated as the major pathogenic process in all of them. Natural Extract of Castanea sativa Mill. bark (ENC), recently characterized in its phenolic composition, acts as antioxidant and cardioprotective agent. Its neuroprotettive properties, however, have never been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess neuroprotection of ENC in in vitro models of oxidative-stress-mediate injury. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with glutamate (50 mM for 24 h) or hydrogen peroxide (25 μM for 1 h followed by 24 with medium) were used. The results showed that the addition of ENC (1-50 μg/ml) to cell medium before the neuronal damage provided neuroprotection in both experimental models used, while its addition after the injury was ineffective. In conclusion, the present results suggest that ENC could be a valuable support as dietary supplement, combining beneficial preventive neuroprotettive effects with a high antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Brizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena-53100, Italy
| | - Chiara Santulli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena-53100, Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna Via Belmeloro 6, Bologna-40126, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna Via Belmeloro 6, Bologna-40126, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna Via Belmeloro 6, Bologna-40126, Italy
| | - Carlo Aldinucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Siena Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena-53100, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena-53100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Deretzi G, Kountouras J, Polyzos SA, Koutlas E, Pelidou SH, Xeromerisiou G, Zavos C, Tsiptsios I. Polyautoimmunity in a Greek cohort of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 131:225-30. [PMID: 25270060 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the existence of polyautoimmunity in a Greek cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS), i.e., the presence of three or more distinct autoimmune disorders (ADs) in the same individual. METHODS Cross-sectional control study. RESULTS The overall prevalence of polyautoimmunity in 2140 MS patients (female to male ratio: 2.1:1) was 8.3% (vs 6.07% in 1580 matched control participants, P = 0.008) mainly due to differences in autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) and vitiligo. The prevalence of MAS was 1.0%. The most frequent diseases encountered in MS were organ-specific ADs. There was no statistical difference in the total rates of ADs between female and male MS patients. There were higher rates of AITD in women (P = 0.004) and higher rates of iritis (P = 0.039) and ankylosing spondylitis (P = 0.003) in men. MS was diagnosed in the same year with AD in 7.4% of patients with additional ADs, earlier than AD in 42.0% and later than AD in 50.6%. CONCLUSION Polyautoimmunity and particularly MAS occur more frequently in MS patients than in control participants indicating that MS may be part of a generalized susceptibility to autoimmunity. Therefore, polyautoimmunity may be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of MS-related ADs, with a potential impact on relative therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Deretzi
- Department of Neurology; Multiple Sclerosis Unit; Papageorgiou General Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - J. Kountouras
- Department of Gastroenterology; Second Medical Clinic; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - S. A. Polyzos
- Department of Gastroenterology; Second Medical Clinic; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - E. Koutlas
- Department of Neurology; Multiple Sclerosis Unit; Papageorgiou General Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - S.-H. Pelidou
- Department of Neurology; Ioannina University; Ioannina Greece
| | - G. Xeromerisiou
- Department of Neurology; Multiple Sclerosis Unit; Papageorgiou General Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - C. Zavos
- Department of Gastroenterology; Second Medical Clinic; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ippokration Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - I. Tsiptsios
- Department of Neurology; Multiple Sclerosis Unit; Papageorgiou General Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tan AH, Mahadeva S, Marras C, Thalha AM, Kiew CK, Yeat CM, Ng SW, Ang SP, Chow SK, Loke MF, Vadivelu JS, Ibrahim N, Yong HS, Tan CT, Fox SH, Lang AE, Lim SY. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with worse severity of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:221-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
28
|
Denes A, Miyan JA. Brain-immune interactions in health and disease. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:382. [PMID: 25520609 PMCID: PMC4253740 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Denes
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK ; Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang WS, Yang TY, Shen WC, Lin CL, Lin MC, Kao CH. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and dementia. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:1355-8. [PMID: 24629396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is the severe loss of global cognitive ability in a previously healthy person. This study examined the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection (HP-I) and non-Alzheimer's dementia (non-AD) using a nationwide population-based dataset. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for dementia were used to define dementia patients; in addition, we examined the association of dementia with other comorbidities. Patients aged ≥40years with newly diagnosed HP-I (ICD-9 code 041.86) during 1998-2010 were identified as the HP-I cohort. The comparison cohort consisted of people aged ≥40years without HP-I (non-HP-I) randomly selected from the database at a ratio of 1:4 in the same time period. The controls were frequency matched according to the age (every 5years), sex, and index year of patients in the HP-I cohort. Follow-up was performed for all patients until the date of dementia diagnosis (ICD-9 codes 290.0-290.4, 294.1, 331.0-331.2), date of withdrawal from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance program, date of death, or until December 31 2010. Compared with patients without HP-I, HP-I patients were 1.60-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-1.95) more likely to develop non-AD. There was no statistical association between HP-I and AD. The adjusted hazard ratio of dementia increased from 1.48 (95% CI 1.22-1.79) for patients who had HP-I once to 2.19 (95% CI 1.13-4.25) for patients who had HP-I two or more times. Our study revealed that HP-I may be a critical risk factor for the development of non-AD. Further investigation, including clinical trials, to examine the microbe-dementia connection may provide further proof of the association between HP-I and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shih Huang
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Shen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kountouras J, Deretzi G, Gavalas E, Zavos C, Polyzos SA, Kazakos E, Giartza-Taxidou E, Vardaka E, Kountouras C, Katsinelos P, Boziki M, Giouleme O. A proposed role of human defensins in Helicobacter pylori-related neurodegenerative disorders. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:368-73. [PMID: 24472867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cationic host defence peptides (CHDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are essential components of the innate immunity with antimicrobial and pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties. In mammals the two major families of CHDPs are defensins and cathelicidins that comprise an arsenal of innate regulators of principal importance in the host tissues. Research in the last decade has demonstrated that defensins are crucial effectors of both innate and adaptive immunity. Defensins can modulate immune responses, either by stimulation or suppression, thereby controlling inflammatory processes and infections. Currently only few data, mostly hypothetical, focus on the role of defensins in central nervous system (CNS) physiopathology and neurodegeneration. Defensins may function as an initial line of defense within the CNS either as an antimicrobial, immunomodulator, or both. A dysregulation of brain expression of specific defensins might either exacerbate or ameliorate the inflammatory response within the CNS depending upon which extracellular conditions predominate. It is proposed that reduction or abnormal elevation of AMP expression by cerebral microglia, astrocytes or choroid plexus epithelium might contribute to loss of AMP-induced regulation of immune responses, thereby promoting neuronal cell injury and death observed in Alzheimer's disease and possibly in other neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, whether certain AMPs play a crucial role in the onset or promotion of the neuroinflammatory process and neurodegeneration is currently unknown, thereby emphasizing the necessity of further investigation into the regulatory mechanisms that control innate and adaptive immunity within the brain. Recent data indicate that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces defensins' release associated with chronic inflammatory tissue damage. However, it remains unclear whether and how H. pylori evades the attack by defensins. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that H. pylori infection might contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, by releasing several inflammatory mediators that could induce blood-brain barrier breakdown, thereby being involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. However, currently there are no data regarding the potential impact of human defensins on H. pylori-related neurodegenerative disorders. We herein propose that human defensins might contribute to the pathophysiology of H. pylori-related neurodegenerative disorders by modulating variably innate and adaptive immune system responses. Better understanding of the mechanisms regarding human defensins' possible involvement in H. pylori-induced neurodegeneration might help develop novel therapeutic strategies against H. pylori-related neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouel Gavalas
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Zavos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Boziki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Giouleme
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kountouras J, Deretzi G, Gavalas E, Zavos C, Boziki M, Tsiaousi E, Stergiopoulos C, Romiopoulos I, Giorgakis N, Michael S, Tantsi N, Kotsani M. Aquaporin 4, Helicobacter pylori and potential implications for neuromyelitis optica. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 263:162-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Progress continues in our understanding of the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal as well as extragastric disorders. This review gives an overview on selected areas of the H. pylori infection and their clinical implications. RECENT FINDINGS Indications for therapy have been extended and now include idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, iron deficiency anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency. New data are presented on the role of H. pylori in neurodegenerative disorders and in the metabolic syndrome. H. pylori is associated with a (small) increase in the risk for colorectal adenoma and colon cancer. The biggest challenge is the selection of new therapies and treatment strategies because of the increasing failure of standard triple therapies. The best option in high clarithromycin resistance areas is bismuth-based quadruple therapy. Probiotic bacteria and yeasts reduce adverse effects of standard H. pylori eradication regimens. In gastric cancer prevention, screening programs based on the serological detection of preneoplastic conditions may prove useful. SUMMARY New algorithms for preventing H. pylori-induced disease and eradicating the organism should be individualized.
Collapse
|
33
|
Banić M, Franceschi F, Babić Z, Gasbarrini A. Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2012; 17 Suppl 1:49-55. [PMID: 22958156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2012.00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last year, different diseases possibly linked to Helicobacter pylori infection but localized outside of the stomach have been investigated. There are, in fact, several studies concerning cardiovascular diseases, hematologic disorders, neurologic diseases, metabolic, hepatobiliary diseases, and other conditions. Some of those studies, such as those on sideropenic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, are quite large and well conducted, while in other cases there are just small or isolated studies or even case reports. Nonetheless, there is much interest among researchers all over the world for such a topic as demonstrated by the large number of studies published in the last year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Banić
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kountouras J, Zavos C, Polyzos SA, Deretzi G, Vardaka E, Giartza-Taxidou E, Katsinelos P, Rapti E, Chatzopoulos D, Tzilves D, Stergiopoulos C, Christodoulou K. Helicobacter pylori infection and Parkinson’s disease: apoptosis as an underlying common contributor. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19:e56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|