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Senger MR, da Costa Latgé SG, von Ranke NL, de Aquino GAS, Dantas RF, Genta FA, Ferreira SB, Junior FPS. Kinetics and molecular modeling studies on the inhibition mechanism of GH13 α-glycosidases by small molecule ligands. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132036. [PMID: 38697429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors play an important role in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) treatment since they prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. The Glycoside Hydrolase family 13 (GH13) is the major family of enzymes acting on substrates containing α-glucoside linkages, such as maltose and amylose/amylopectin chains in starch. Previously, our group identified glycoconjugate 1H-1,2,3-triazoles (GCTs) inhibiting two GH13 α-glycosidases: yeast maltase (MAL12) and porcine pancreatic amylase (PPA). Here, we combined kinetic studies and computational methods on nine GCTs to characterize their inhibitory mechanism. They all behaved as reversible inhibitors, and kinetic models encompassed noncompetitive and various mechanisms of mixed-type inhibition for both enzymes. Most potent inhibitors displayed Ki values of 30 μM for MAL12 (GPESB16) and 37 μM for PPA (GPESB15). Molecular dynamics and docking simulations indicated that on MAL12, GPESB15 and GPESB16 bind in a cavity adjacent to the active site, while on the PPA, GPESB15 was predicted to bind at the entrance of the catalytic site. Notably, despite its putative location within the active site, the binding of GPESB15 does not obstruct the substrate's access to the cleavage site. Our study contributes to paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for managing DM-2 through GH13 α-glycosidases inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Roberto Senger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samara Graciane da Costa Latgé
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lidmar von Ranke
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Alves Souto de Aquino
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica e Prospecção Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Dantas
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ariel Genta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Baptista Ferreira
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica e Prospecção Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Floriano Paes Silva Junior
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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2
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Islam WU, Khan A, Khan F, Ullah S, Waqas M, Khan H, Khan M, Rahman SM, Ali S, Mateen A, Khalid A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Synthesis of novel hydrazide Schiff bases with anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects: in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38533896 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) necessitates innovative therapeutic solutions. This study focuses on the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Schiff base derivatives from 2-bromo-2-(2-chlorophenyl) acetic acid, particularly hydrazone compounds 4a and 4b. Both in-vitro and in-vivo assays demonstrate these derivatives' strong antidiabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. In a 15-d experiment, we administered 4a and 4b at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight, which effectively improved symptoms of alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. These symptoms included weight loss, increased water consumption and high blood glucose levels. The compounds also normalized abnormal levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while raising the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). Computational analysis showed that these compounds effectively inhibited the α-glucosidase enzyme by interacting with key catalytic residues, specifically Asp214 and Asp349. These computational results were confirmed through in-vitro tests, where 4a and 4b showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.70 ± 0.11 and 10.29 ± 0.30 µM, respectively. These compounds were more effective than the standard drug, acarbose, which had an IC50 value of 873.34 ± 1.67 µM. Mechanistic studies further indicated competitive inhibition, reinforcing the therapeutic potential of 4a and 4b for NIDDM treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Faizullah Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hammad Khan
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Research Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Research Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Mateen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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3
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Ullah S, Halim SA, Waqas M, Mansoor F, Avula SK, Khan FA, Perviaz M, Ogaly HA, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Biochemical and computational inhibition of α-glucosidase by novel metronidazole-linked 1 H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate moieties: kinetics and dynamic investigations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38433423 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2322622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, metronidazole derivatives containing 1H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate moieties were evaluated in vitro and by computational methods for their anti-diabetic potential to insight into their medicinal use for the management of type II diabetes mellitus. Interestingly all 14 compounds displayed high to significant inhibitory capability against the key carbohydrate's digestive enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 values in range of 9.73-56.39 μM, as compared to marketed drug acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM). Compounds 5i and 7c exhibited the highest inhibition, therefore, these two compounds were further evaluated for their mechanistic studies to explore its type of inhibition. Compounds 5i and 7c both displayed a concentration-dependent (competitive type of inhibition) with Ki values 7.14 ± 0.01, 6.15 ± 0.02 μM, respectively, which conclude their favourable interactions with the active site residues of the α-glucosidase. Interestingly all compounds are non-cytotoxic against BJ cell line. To further validate our findings, in-silico approaches like molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulations were applied to investigate the mode of bindings of compounds with the enzyme and identifies their inhibition mechanism, which strongly complements our experimental findings.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Farheen Mansoor
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Farhan A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Perviaz
- Department of Basic & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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4
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Ullah S, Waqas M, Halim SA, Khan I, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Makeen HA, Ibrar A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Triazolothiadiazoles and triazolothiadiazines as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors: Mechanistic insights from kinetics studies, molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126227. [PMID: 37558024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been considered as a serious health problem worldwide due its high prevalence rate and associated complications. In this context, the current research work aims at exploring new structural leads for the treatment of a major metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus type 2. The outcomes of our prior studies on a diverse set of triazolothiadiazole and triazolothiadiazine derivatives and their therapeutic potential, encouraged us to explore their anti-diabetic competency by targeting the key carbohydrate catabolic enzyme, α-glucosidase. Therefore, all these analogues were examined to reveal their contribution towards this severe metabolic issue. Interestingly, all the tested compounds (2a-2l and 3a-3p) exhibited several times more potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 in the range of 2.44-219.93 μM) as compared to marketed drug, acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM). Furthermore, their mechanism of action was investigated through in vitro kinetics studies which revealed compounds 3a, 3d, 3o, and 2k as competitive inhibitors, and 3f as a mixed type inhibitor of α-glucosidase. In addition, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were applied to observe the mode of interaction of the active hits within the binding pocket of α-glucosidase. Both docking and simulation results favored our in vitro mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur KPK-22620, Pakistan.
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
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5
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Tariq HZ, Saeed A, Ullah S, Fatima N, Halim SA, Khan A, El-Seedi HR, Ashraf MZ, Latif M, Al-Harrasi A. Synthesis of novel coumarin-hydrazone hybrids as α-glucosidase inhibitors and their molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26229-26238. [PMID: 37670997 PMCID: PMC10475976 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03953f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and more than 90% of diabetic patients suffer from type-2 diabetes, which is characterized by hyperglycemia. α-Glucosidase inhibition has become an appropriate approach to tackle high blood glucose levels. The current study was focused on synthesizing coumarin-hydrazone hybrids (7a-i) by using facile chemical reactions. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR. To evaluate their anti-diabetic capability, all of the conjugates were screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity to reveal their therapeutic importance. All of the compounds (except 7b) demonstrated significant enzyme inhibitory potential with IC50 values ranging between 2.39-57.52 μM, as compared to the standard inhibitor, acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM). Among them, compound 7c is the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50 = 2.39 ± 0.05 μM). Additionally, molecular docking was employed to scrutinize the binding pattern of active compounds within the α-glucosidase binding site. The in silico analysis reflects that hydrazone moiety is an essential pharmacophore for the binding of compounds with the active site residues of the enzyme. This study demonstrates that compounds 7c and 7f deserve further molecular optimization for potential application in diabetic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Zara Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom 32512 Egypt
| | | | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
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6
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Basri R, Ullah S, Halim SA, Alharthy RD, Rauf U, Khan A, Hussain J, Al-Ghafri A, Al-Harrasi A, Shafiq Z. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of chromen-linked hydrazine carbothioamides as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:962-974. [PMID: 37186392 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting α-glucosidase is a reliable method for reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals. Several novel chromen-linked hydrazine carbothioamide (3a-r) were designed and synthesized by condensation of chromone-3-carbaldehyde with a variety of substituted thiosemicarbazides. The structures of these new analogues were elucidated through various advanced spectroscopic techniques (1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and ESI-MS). The resulted compounds were screened for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and all the compounds (3a-r) exhibited potent inhibition of α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging 0.29-53.70 µM. Among them compounds 3c, 3f, 3h, and 3r displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitor capability with IC50 values of 1.50, 1.28, 1.08, and 0.29 µM, respectively. Structure-activity relationship showed that different substituted groups are responsible for the variation in the α-glucosidase inhibition. The kinetics studies of the most active inhibitor (3r) were performed, to investigate the mode of inhibition and dissociation constants (Ki), that indicated a competitive inhibitor with Ki value of 1.47 ± 0.31 µM. Furthermore, molecular docking studies was performed to reveal the possible interactions, such as H-bonding, or π-π stacking, with the key residues of α-glucosidase. Docking analysis revealed the importance of hydrazine carbothioamide moiety of compounds in the attachment of ligands with the crucial residues of α-glucosidase. The estimated pharmacokinetic, physicochemical, and drug likeness properties of compounds 3a-r reflects that these molecules have acceptable range of these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Basri
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rima D Alharthy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umair Rauf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Birkat Al- Mouz Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghafri
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
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Avula S, Ullah S, Halim SA, Khan A, Anwar MU, Csuk R, Al-Harrasi A, Rostami A. Meldrum-Based-1 H-1,2,3-Triazoles as Antidiabetic Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity, Molecular Docking Studies, and In Silico Approach. ACS Omega 2023; 8:24901-24911. [PMID: 37483205 PMCID: PMC10357758 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel alkyl derivatives (2-5a,b) and 1H-1,2,3-triazole analogues (7a-k) of Meldrum's acid were synthesized in a highly effective way by using "click" chemistry and screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity to examine their antidiabetic potential. 1H NMR, 13C-NMR, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra (HR-ESI-MS) were used to analyze each of the newly synthesized compounds. Interestingly, these compounds demonstrated high to moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory potency having an IC50 range of 4.63-80.21 μM. Among these derivatives, compound 7i showed extraordinary inhibitory activity and was discovered to be several times more potent than the parent compound Meldrum (1) and the standard drug acarbose. Later, molecular docking was performed to understand the binding mode and the binding strength of all the compounds with the target enzyme, which revealed that all compounds are well fitted in the active site of α-glucosidase. To further ascertain the structure of compounds, suitable X-ray single crystals of compounds 5a, 7a, and 7h were developed and studied. The current investigation has shown that combining 1H-1,2,3-triazole with the Meldrum moiety is beneficial. Furthermore, this is the first time that the aforementioned activity of these compounds has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya
Kumar Avula
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33,
Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33,
Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33,
Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33,
Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad U. Anwar
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33,
Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Organic
Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33,
Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ali Rostami
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33,
Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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Islam F, Khan FA, Khan NM, Ahmad S, Alsaiari AA, Almehmadi M, Ahmad N, Ul-Haq Z, Jan AK, Allahyani M, Alsharif A, Falade EO. PEGylated Graphene Oxide as a Nanodrug Delivery Vehicle for Podophyllotoxin (GO/PEG/PTOX) and In Vitro α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activities. ACS Omega 2023; 8:20550-20560. [PMID: 37323383 PMCID: PMC10268258 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a nanodrug delivery system containing podophyllotoxin (PTOX), a known anticancer drug, loaded on graphene oxide (GO). The system's ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was also investigated. PTOX was isolated from Podophyllum hexandrum roots with a yield of 2.3%. GO, prepared by Hummer's method, was converted into GO-COOH and surface-mobilized using polyethylene glycol (PEG) (1:1) in an aqueous medium to obtain GO-PEG. PTOX was loaded on GO-PEG in a facile manner with a 25% loading ratio. All the samples were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, UV/visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In FT-IR spectral data, GO-PEG-PTOX exhibited a reduction in acidic functionalities and there was an appearance of the ester linkage of PTOX with GO. The UV/visible measurements suggested an increase of absorbance in 290-350 nm regions for GO-PEG, suggesting the successful drug loading on its surface (25%). GO-PEG-PTOX exhibited a rough, aggregated, and scattered type of pattern in SEM with distinct edges and binding of PTOX on its surface. GO-PEG-PTOX remained potent in inhibiting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 7 and 5 mg/mL, closer to the IC50 of pure PTOX (5 and 4.5 mg/mL), respectively. Owing to the 25% loading ratio and 50% release within 48 h, our results are much more promising. Additionally, the molecular docking studies confirmed four types of interactions between the active centers of enzymes and PTOX, thus supporting the experimental results. In conclusion, the PTOX-loaded GO nanocomposites are promising α-amylase- and α-glucosidase-inhibitory agents when applied in vitro and have been reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Islam
- Department
of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mehmood Khan
- Department
of Agriculture, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- H.
E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International
Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- H.
E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International
Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani
Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center
for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University
of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Khaliq Jan
- Department
of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mamdouh Allahyani
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsharif
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebenezer Ola Falade
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, Chinese
Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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9
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Mehmood H, Akhtar T, Haroon M, Khalid M, Woodward S, Asghar MA, Baby R, Orfali R, Perveen S. Synthesis of Fluorinated Hydrazinylthiazole Derivatives: A Virtual and Experimental Approach to Diabetes Management. ACS Omega 2023; 8:11433-11446. [PMID: 37008089 PMCID: PMC10061536 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of fluorophenyl-based thiazoles was synthesized following the Hanztsch method. All of the compounds were initially verified with physical parameters (color, melting point, retardation factor (R f)), which were further confirmed by several spectroscopic methods, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), 1H, 13C, 19F NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The binding interactions of all compounds were studied using a molecular docking simulation approach. Furthermore, each compound was evaluated for its alpha(α)-amylase, antiglycation, and antioxidant potentials. The biocompatibility of all compounds was checked with an in vitro hemolytic assay. All synthesized scaffolds were found biocompatible with minimal lysis of human erythrocytes as compared to the standard Triton X-100. Among the tested compounds, the analogue 3h (IC50 = 5.14 ± 0.03 μM) was found to be a highly potent candidate against α-amylase as compared to the standard (acarbose, IC50 = 5.55 ± 0.06 μM). The compounds 3d, 3f, 3i, and 3k exhibited excellent antiglycation inhibition potential with their IC50 values far less than the standard amino guanidine (IC50 = 0.403 ± 0.001 mg/mL). The antidiabetic potential was further supported by docking studies. Docking studies revealed that all synthesized compounds exhibited various interactions along enzyme active sites (pi-pi, H-bonding, van der Waals) with varied binding energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Mehmood
- Department
of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science
and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Tashfeen Akhtar
- Department
of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science
and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- Department
of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science
and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, Government Major Muhammad Afzal Khan (Shaheed), Boys
Degree College Afzalpur, Mirpur (Affiliated
with Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST)), Mirpur 10250, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Center
for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Simon Woodward
- GSK,
Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Muhammad Adnan Asghar
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Baby
- Department
of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Collage of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
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10
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Talab F, Ullah S, Alam A, Halim SA, Rehman NU, Zainab, Ali M, Latif A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, Ahmad M. Bio-Oriented Synthesis of Novel Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives as α-Glucosidase Inhibitor for Management of Diabetes. ACS Omega 2023; 8:6234-6243. [PMID: 36844517 PMCID: PMC9948207 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroquinoline derivatives (1-15) were synthesized through an unsymmetrical Hantzsch reaction in excellent yields by treating 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, dimedone, ammonium acetate, and ethyl acetoacetate in ethanol solvent. The structures of the synthesized compounds (1-15) were deduced through different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. The synthesized products were tested for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity where compounds 11 (IC50 = 0.56 ± 0.01 μM), 10 (IC50 = 0.94 ± 0.01 μM), 4 (IC50 = 1.47 ± 0.01 μM), 2 (IC50 = 2.20 ± 0.03 μM), 6 (IC50 = 2.20 ± 0.03 μM), 12 (IC50 = 2.22 ± 0.07 μM), 7 (IC50 = 2.76 ± 0.04 μM), 9 (IC50 = 2.78 ± 0.03 μM), and 3 (IC50 = 2.88 ± 0.05 μM) exhibited high potential for the inhibition of α-glucosidase, while the rest of the compounds (8, 5, 14, 15, and 13) showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 3.13 ± 0.10, 3.34 ± 0.06, 4.27 ± 0.13, 6.34 ± 0.15, and 21.37 ± 0.61 μM, respectively. Among the synthesized series, two compounds, i.e., 11 and 10, showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory potential higher than the standard. All the compounds were compared with standard drug "acarbose" (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM). An in silico method was used to predict their mode of binding within the active site of enzyme to understand their mechanism of inhibition. Our in silico observation complements with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Talab
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800,
Dir Lower, Malakand18800Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC, Birkat Al Mauz, 616Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800,
Dir Lower, Malakand18800Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC, Birkat Al Mauz, 616Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC, Birkat Al Mauz, 616Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Zainab
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei
Normal University, Shijiazhuang050024, China
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800,
Dir Lower, Malakand18800Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800,
Dir Lower, Malakand18800Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC, Birkat Al Mauz, 616Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC, Birkat Al Mauz, 616Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800,
Dir Lower, Malakand18800Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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11
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Pasha AR, Khan A, Ullah S, Halim SA, Hussain J, Khalid M, Naseer MM, El-Kott AF, Negm S, Al-Harrasi A, Shafiq Z. Synthesis of new diphenyl urea-clubbed imine analogs and its Implications in diabetic management through in vitro and in silico approaches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1877. [PMID: 36725861 PMCID: PMC9892044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health issue with high rate of prevalence. The inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme has prime importance in the management of T2DM. This study was established to synthesize Schiff bases of 1,3-dipheny urea (3a-y) and to investigate their in vitro anti-diabetic capability via inhibiting α-glucosidase, a key player in the catabolism of carbohydrates. The structures of all compounds were confirmed through various techniques including, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass-spectrometry (MS) methods. Interestingly all these compounds displayed potent inhibition IC50 values in range of 2.14-115 µM as compared to acarbose used as control. Additionally, all the compounds were docked at the active site of α-glucosidase to predict their mode of binding. The docking results indicates that Glu277 and Asn350 play important role in the stabilization of these compounds in the active site of enzyme. These molecules showed excellent predicted pharmacokinetics, physicochemical and drug-likeness profile. The anti-diabetic potential of these molecules signifies their medical importance and provide insights into prospective therapeutic options for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Rubbab Pasha
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.,Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.,International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa-616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.,Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | | | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Food Bacteriology, Central Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Ministry of Health, Branch in Zagazig, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. .,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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12
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Ul Ain Q, Saeed A, Khan A, Ahmed A, Ullah S, Ahsan Halim S, Irfan M, Tehzeeb A, El-Seedi HR, Bin Muhsinah A, Al-Harrasi A. Synthesis of new phenoxymethylcoumarin clubbed 4-arylthiazolylhydrazines as α-glucosidase inhibitors and their kinetics and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106302. [PMID: 36528921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current studies mainly demonstrate the coumarin based azomethine-clubbed thiazoles synthesis and their in-vitro evaluation for the first time against α-glucosidase. Due to the catalytic role of α-glucosidase, it has become a precise target for the treatment of type diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The high rate of prevalence of diabetes and its associated health related problems led us to scrutinize the anti-diabetic capability of the synthesized thiazole derivatives (6a-6k). The anticipated structures of prepared compounds were confirmed through FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. All the compounds showed several times potent activity than the standard drug, acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 µM) against α-glucosidase with IC50 values in range of 0.87 ± 0.02-322.61 ± 1.14 µM. The compound 6k displayed the highest anti-diabetic activity (IC50 = 1.88 ± 0.03 µM). Kinetic study revealed that these are competitive inhibitors for α-glucosidase. The mode of binding of the synthesized molecules were further evaluated by molecular docking, which reflects the importance of azomethine group in protein-ligand interaction. The docking scores are complementary with the IC50 values of compounds while the interaction pattern of the compounds clearly demonstrates their structure-activity relationship. Current study reported medicinal importance of thiazole derivative as future drug candidates for the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
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13
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Frasinyuk M, Chhabria D, Kartsev V, Dilip H, Sirakanyan SN, Kirubakaran S, Petrou A, Geronikaki A, Spinelli D. Benzothiazole and Chromone Derivatives as Potential ATR Kinase Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:4637. [PMID: 35889508 PMCID: PMC9324009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies and the great variety of existing anticancer agents, cancer treatment remains an aggravating and challenging problem. Therefore, the development of novel anticancer drugs with a better therapeutic profile and fewer side effects to combat this persistent disease is still necessary. In this study, we report a novel series of benzothiazole and chromone derivatives that were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity as an inhibitor of ATR kinase, a master regulator of the DDR pathway. The cell viability of a set of 25 compounds was performed using MTT assay in HCT116 and HeLa cell lines, involving 72 h incubation of the compounds at a final concentration of 10 µM. Cells incubated with compounds 2c, 7h and 7l were found to show viability ≤50%, and were taken forward for dose–response studies. Among the tested compounds, three of them (2c, 7h and 7l) showed higher potency, with compound 7l exhibiting the best IC50 values in both the cell lines. Compounds 2c and 7l were found to be equally cytotoxic towards both the cell lines, namely, HCT116 and HeLa, while compound 7h showed better cytotoxicity towards HeLa cell line. For these three compounds, an immunoblot assay was carried out in order to analyze the inhibition of phosphorylation of Chk1 at Ser 317 in HeLa and HCT116 cells. Compound 7h showed inhibition of pChk1 at Ser 317 in HeLa cells at a concentration of 3.995 µM. Further analysis for Chk1 and pChk1 expression was carried out in Hela cells by treatment against all the three compounds at a range of concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 µM, wherein compound 7h showed Chk1 inhibition at 2 and 5 µM, while pChk1 expression was observed for compound 7l at a concentration of 5 µM. To support the results, the binding interactions of the compounds with the ATR kinase domain was studied through molecular docking, wherein compounds 2c, 7h and 7l showed binding interactions similar to those of Torin2, a known mTOR/ATR inhibitor. Further studies on this set of molecules is in progress for their specificity towards the ATR pathway.
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14
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Rehman NU, Shah M, Ullah S, Khan M, Khan A, Ullah O, Hussain J, Al-harrasi A, Agrawal N. Enzymes Inhibition and Antioxidant Potential of Medicinal Plants Growing in Oman. BioMed Research International 2022; 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35872867 PMCID: PMC9307329 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7880387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent study was designed to explore Dodonaea viscosa, Juniperus excelsa, Helianthemum lippii, and Euryops pinifolius using methanolic (MeOH) extract. Their subfractions were examined against urease, carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II), α-glucosidase enzymes, and free radicals scavenging significance based on local practices via standard methods. Significance potential against the urease enzyme was presented by ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) of D. viscosa with (IC50 = 125 ± 1.75 μg/mL), whereas the H. lippii (IC50 = 146 ± 1.39 μg/mL) in the EtOAc was found efficient to scavenge the free radicals. Besides, that appreciable capacity was observed by the J. excelsa, D. viscosa, J. excelsa, and E. pinifolius as compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 377.24 ± 1.14 μg/mL). Maximum significance was noticed in methanolic (MeOH) extract of J. excelsa and presented carbonic anhydrase CA-II (IC50 = 5.1 ± 0.20 μg/mL) inhibition as compared to the standard (acetazolamide). We are reporting, for the first time, the CA-II inhibition of all the selected medicinal plants and α-glucosidase, urease, and antioxidant activities of the E. pinifolius. Thus, further screening is needed to isolate the promising bioactive ingredients which act as an alternative remedy to scavenge the free radicals, antiulcer, and act as a potential source to develop new antidiabetic drugs for controlling postprandial blood sugar as well as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
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15
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Mojibade Balogun M, Shamim S, Mohammed Khan K, Mahdavi M, Salar U, Adebayo Oladosu I, Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani M, Ali Faramarzi M, Olufunke Moronkola D, Taha M, Rahim F, Perveen S. Synthesis and Evaluation of 6‐Ethoxy‐2‐mercaptobenzothiazole Scaffolds as Potential
α
‐Glucosidase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Modinat Mojibade Balogun
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Shahbaz Shamim
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC) Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 31441 Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | | | - Maryam Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC) Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 31441 Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry Hazara University Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui Karachi 75280 Pakistan
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16
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Tratrat C, Petrou A, Geronikaki A, Ivanov M, Kostić M, Soković M, Vizirianakis IS, Theodoroula NF, Haroun M. Thiazolidin-4-Ones as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Experimental and In Silico Evaluation. Molecules 2022; 27:1930. [PMID: 35335296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report computational and experimental evaluations of the antimicrobial activity of twenty one 2,3-diaryl-thiazolidin-4-ones. All synthesized compounds exhibited an antibacterial activity against six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to different extents. Thus, the MIC was in the range of 0.008-0.24 mg/mL, while the MBC was 0.0016-0.48 mg/mL. The most sensitive bacterium was S. Typhimurium, whereas S. aureus was the most resistant. The best antibacterial activity was observed for compound 5 (MIC at 0.008-0.06 mg/mL). The three most active compounds 5, 8, and 15, as well as compound 6, which were evaluated against three resistant strains, MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, were more potent against all bacterial strains used than ampicillin. The antifungal activity of some compounds exceeded or were equipotent with those of the reference antifungal agents bifonazole and ketoconazole. The best activity was expressed by compound 5. All compounds exhibited moderate to good drug-likeness scores ranging from -0.39 to 0.39. The docking studies indicated a probable involvement of E. coli Mur B inhibition in the antibacterial action, while CYP51 inhibition is likely responsible for the antifungal activity of the tested compounds. Finally, the assessment of cellular cytotoxicity of the compounds in normal human MRC-5 cells revealed that the compounds were not toxic.
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17
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Khan SN, Shaheen F, Aleem U, Sheikh S, Tamfu AN, Ashraf S, Ul-Haq Z, Ullah S, Wahab AT, Choudhary MI, Jahan H. Peptide conjugates of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid as potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase and AGEs-induced oxidation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106045. [PMID: 34666184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) is known for several biological activities, and has been the focus of extensive research for the development of therapeutic agents. In the current study, 18β-GA-peptide conjugates 2-11 were evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory and antiglycation activities. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) established and molecular interactions of active bioconjugates with the enzyme's binding sites were predicted through molecular modeling approach. In tripeptide moiety of conjugates 2-11, peptide residue at position 1 was found to have a significant role on α-glucosidase inhibition. The most active 18β-GA-peptide conjugates 5 (18β-GA-Cys1-Tyr2-Gly3), and 8 (18β-GA-Pro1-Tyr2-Gly3) exhibited several-fold potent α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 values 20-28 μM), as compared to standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 875.8 ± 2.10 µM). Kinetic studies of potent compounds, 4-8 revealed that conjugate 5 exhibits competitive-type of inhibition, while conjugates 6-8 showed a non-competitive type of inhibition. The simulation studies also supported the kinetic results that conjugate 5 (18β-GA-Cys1-Tyr2-Gly3) inhibits the α-glucosidase enzyme by blocking its substrate binding site. AGEs-induced NO• inhibitors play an important role in controlling the inflammation associated with diabetes mellitus. The peptide conjugates 2-11 were also evaluated in vitro for AGEs-induced NO• inhibition using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Our data revealed that conjugates 7-10 were the more potent AGEs-induced NO• inhibitors, comparable to standards rutin, and PDTC. The peptide conjugate 5 (a competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase) also exhibited a strong inhibitory activity against AGEs-induced NO• production. Furthermore, peptide conjugates 2-11 were found non-cytotoxic to mouse fibroblast NIH-3T3, and murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cell lines. In conclusion, our data demonstrates that besides possessing strong α-glucosidase inhibition, the newly synthesized peptide conjugates also alleviated the AGEs-induced NO• production in RAW macrophages. Dual inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme, and AGEs-induced NO• production by 18β-GA-peptide conjugates qualify them for further research in anti-diabetic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Noor Khan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Shaheen
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Umair Aleem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sumbla Sheikh
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-str. 6, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Ngenge Tamfu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Sajda Ashraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-Tul- Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humera Jahan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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