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Kargar B, Fazeli M, Sobhani Z, Hosseinzadeh S, Solhjoo A, Akbarizadeh AR. Exploration of the photothermal role of curcumin-loaded targeted carbon nanotubes as a potential therapy for melanoma cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10117. [PMID: 38698033 PMCID: PMC11066107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, the hydrophilic structure of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was modified by synthesizing polycitric acid (PCA) and attaching folic acid (FA) to create MWCNT-PCA-FA. This modified nanocomplex was utilized as a carrier for the lipophilic compound curcumin (Cur). Characterization techniques including TGA, TEM, and UV-visible spectrophotometry were used to analyze the nanocomplex. The mechanism of cancer cell death induced by MWCNT-PCA-FA was studied extensively using the MTT assay, colony formation analysis, cell cycle assessment via flow cytometry, and apoptosis studies. Furthermore, we assessed the antitumor efficacy of these targeted nanocomplexes following exposure to laser radiation. The results showed that the nanocomposites and free Cur had significant toxicity on melanoma cancer cells (B16F10 cells) while having minimal impact on normal cells (NHDF cells). This selectivity for cancerous cells demonstrates the potential of these compounds as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, MWCNT-PCA-FA/Cur showed superior cytotoxicity compared to free Cur alone. Colony formation studies confirmed these results. The researchers found that MWCNT-FA-PCA/Cur effectively induced programmed cell death. In photothermal analysis, MWCNT-PCA-FA/Cur combined with laser treatment achieved the highest mortality rate. These promising results suggest that this multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform holds the potential for combination cancer therapies that utilize various established therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Kargar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazeli
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Solhjoo
- Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Prokopiuk V, Yefimova S, Onishchenko A, Kapustnik V, Myasoedov V, Maksimchuk P, Butov D, Bespalova I, Tkachenko A. Assessing the Cytotoxicity of TiO 2-x Nanoparticles with a Different Ti 3+(Ti 2+)/Ti 4+ Ratio. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:3117-3130. [PMID: 36029428 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are promising biomedical agents characterized by good biocompatibility. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity of TiO2-x nanoparticles with a different Ti3+(Ti2+)/Ti4+ ratio and analyzed the efficiency of eryptosis indices as a tool in nanotoxicology. Two types of TiO2-x nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide varying the nitric acid content in the hydrolysis mixture. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that 1-TiO2-x and 2-TiO2-x NPs are 5 nm in size, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals different Ti3+ (Ti2+)/Ti4+ ratios in the crystal lattices of synthesized NPs. 1-TiO2-x nanoparticles contained 54% Ti4+, 38% Ti3+, and 8% Ti2+, while the relative amount of Ti4+ and Ti3+ in the crystal lattice of 2-TiO2-x nanoparticles was 63% and 37%, respectively. Cell viability and cell motility induced by TiO2-x nanoparticles were investigated on primary fibroblast cultures. Eryptosis modulation by the nanoparticles along with cell death mechanisms was studied on rat erythrocytes. We report that both TiO2-x nanoparticles do not decrease the viability of fibroblasts simultaneously stimulating cell migration. Data from in vitro studies on erythrocytes indicate that TiO2-x nanoparticles trigger eryptosis via ROS- (1-TiO2-x) and Ca2+-mediated mechanisms (both TiO2-x nanoparticles) suggesting that evaluation of eryptosis parameters is a more sensitive nanotoxicological approach for TiO2-x nanoparticles than cultured fibroblast assays. TiO2-x nanoparticles are characterized by low toxicity against fibroblasts, but they induce eryptosis, which is shown to be a promising tool for nanotoxicity screening. The Ti3+ (Ti2+)/Ti4+ ratio at least partly determines the cytotoxicity mechanisms for TiO2-x nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Prokopiuk
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
- Department of Cryobiochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana Yefimova
- Department of Nanostructured Materials, Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Kapustnik
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Myasoedov
- Department of Medical Biology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Pavel Maksimchuk
- Department of Nanostructured Materials, Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Butov
- Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Irina Bespalova
- Department of Nanostructured Materials, Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine.
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine.
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Długosz O, Matyjasik W, Hodacka G, Szostak K, Matysik J, Krawczyk P, Piasek A, Pulit-Prociak J, Banach M. Inorganic Nanomaterials Used in Anti-Cancer Therapies:Further Developments. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13061130. [PMID: 36986024 PMCID: PMC10051539 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we provide an overview of the progress of scientists working to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Among the known methods, cancer treatment methods focusing on the synergistic action of nanoparticles and nanocomposites have been proposed and described. The application of composite systems will allow precise delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells without systemic toxicity. The nanosystems described could be used as a high-efficiency photothermal therapy system by exploiting the properties of the individual nanoparticle components, including their magnetic, photothermal, complex, and bioactive properties. By combining the advantages of the individual components, it is possible to obtain a product that would be effective in cancer treatment. The use of nanomaterials to produce both drug carriers and those active substances with a direct anti-cancer effect has been extensively discussed. In this section, attention is paid to metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, magnetic nanoparticles, and others. The use of complex compounds in biomedicine is also described. A group of compounds showing significant potential in anti-cancer therapies are natural compounds, which have also been discussed.
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Zhang L, Zhu P, Wan T, Wang H, Mao Z. Glutamine coated titanium for synergistic sonodynamic and photothermal on tumor therapy upon targeted delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1139426. [PMID: 37101748 PMCID: PMC10123279 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1139426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) for cancer therapy has been studied for decades; however, the targeted delivery of TiO2 NPs to tumor tissues is challenging, and its efficiency needs to be improved. Method: In this study, we designed an oxygen-deficient TiO2-x coated with glutamine layer for targeted delivery, as well as the enhanced separation of electrons (e-) and holes (h+) following the joint application of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). Results: This oxygen-deficient TiO2-x possesses relatively high photothermal and sonodynamic efficiency at the 1064 nm NIR-II bio-window. The GL-dependent design eased the penetration of the TiO2-x into the tumor tissues (approximately three-fold). The in vitro and in vivo tests showed that the SDT/PTT-based synergistic treatment achieved more optimized therapeutic effects than the sole use of either SDT or PTT. Conclusion: Our study provided a safety targeted delivery strategy, and enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of SDT/PTT synergistic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Zhu
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huaiyan Wang
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhilei Mao, ; Huaiyan Wang,
| | - Zhilei Mao
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhilei Mao, ; Huaiyan Wang,
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Mansoor A, Khurshid Z, Khan MT, Mansoor E, Butt FA, Jamal A, Palma PJ. Medical and Dental Applications of Titania Nanoparticles: An Overview. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12203670. [PMID: 36296859 PMCID: PMC9611494 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently, titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are successfully employed in human food, drugs, cosmetics, advanced medicine, and dentistry because of their non-cytotoxic, non-allergic, and bio-compatible nature when used in direct close contact with the human body. These NPs are the most versatile oxides as a result of their acceptable chemical stability, lower cost, strong oxidation properties, high refractive index, and enhanced aesthetics. These NPs are fabricated by conventional (physical and chemical) methods and the latest biological methods (biological, green, and biological derivatives), with their advantages and disadvantages in this epoch. The significance of TiO2 NPs as a medical material includes drug delivery release, cancer therapy, orthopedic implants, biosensors, instruments, and devices, whereas their significance as a dental biomaterial involves dentifrices, oral antibacterial disinfectants, whitening agents, and adhesives. In addition, TiO2 NPs play an important role in orthodontics (wires and brackets), endodontics (sealers and obturating materials), maxillofacial surgeries (implants and bone plates), prosthodontics (veneers, crowns, bridges, and acrylic resin dentures), and restorative dentistry (GIC and composites).
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Mansoor
- Department of Dental Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44080, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Talal Khan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan 60650, Pakistan;
| | - Emaan Mansoor
- Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Faaz Ahmad Butt
- Department of Materials Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Asif Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Paulo J. Palma
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
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Abd El-Hady MM, Farouk A, Saeed SES, Zaghloul S. Antibacterial and UV Protection Properties of Modified Cotton Fabric Using a Curcumin/TiO 2 Nanocomposite for Medical Textile Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4027. [PMID: 34833326 PMCID: PMC8619831 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical textiles are one of the most rapidly growing parts of the technical textiles sector in the textile industry. This work aims to investigate the medical applications of a curcumin/TiO2 nanocomposite fabricated on the surface of cotton fabric. The cotton fabric was pretreated with three crosslinking agents, namely citric acid, 3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (Quat 188) and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), by applying the nanocomposite to the modified cotton fabric using the pad-dry-cure method. The chemistry and morphology of the modified fabrics were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the chemical mechanism for the nanocomposite-modified fabric was reported. UV protection (UPF) and antibacterial properties against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli bacterial strains were investigated. The durability of the fabrics to 20 washing cycles was also examined. Results demonstrated that the nanocomposite-modified cotton fabric exhibited superior antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria and excellent UV protection properties. Moreover, a good durability was obtained, which was possibly due to the effect of the crosslinker used. Among the three pre-modifications of the cotton fabric, Quat 188 modified fabric revealed the highest antibacterial activity compared with citric acid or GPTMS modified fabrics. This outcome suggested that the curcumin/TiO2 nanocomposite Quat 188-modified cotton fabric could be used as a biomedical textile due to its antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Abd El-Hady
- National Research Centre, Institute of Textile Research and Technology, 33 El-Behoth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza 11311, Egypt; or (A.F.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts in Al-Asyah, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Farouk
- National Research Centre, Institute of Textile Research and Technology, 33 El-Behoth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza 11311, Egypt; or (A.F.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. El-Sayed Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Zaghloul
- National Research Centre, Institute of Textile Research and Technology, 33 El-Behoth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza 11311, Egypt; or (A.F.); (S.Z.)
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Kawassaki RK, Romano M, Dietrich N, Araki K. Titanium and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Surface Chemistry and Biological Implications. Front Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.735434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer is among the most challenging diseases due to its ability to continuously evolve into a more complex muldimentional system, in addition to its high capability to spread to other organs and tissues. In this context, the relevance of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) for the development of new more effective and less harmful treatments is increasing. NBMs provide the possibility of combining several functionalities on a single system, expectedly in a synergic way, to better perform the treatment and cure. However, the control of properties such as colloidal stability, circulation time, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution, assuring the concentration in specific target tissues and organs, while keeping all desired properties, tends to be dependent on subtle changes in surface chemistry. Hence, the behavior of such materials in different media/environments is of uttermost relevance and concern since it can compromise their efficiency and safety on application. Given the bright perspectives, many efforts have been focused on the development of nanomaterials fulfilling the requirements for real application. These include robust and reproducible preparation methods to avoid aggregation while preserving the interaction properties. The possible impact of nanomaterials in different forms of diagnosis and therapy has been demonstrated in the past few years, given the perspectives on how revolutionary they can be in medicine and health. Considering the high biocompatibility and suitability, this review is focused on titanium dioxide– and iron oxide–based nanoagents highlighting the current trends and main advancements in the research for cancer therapies. The effects of phenomena, such as aggregation and agglomeration, the formation of the corona layer, and how they can compromise relevant properties of nanomaterials and their potential applicability, are also addressed. In short, this review summarizes the current understanding and perspectives on such smart nanobiomaterials for diagnostics, treatment, and theranostics of diseases.
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Asrar A, Sobhani Z, Behnam MA. Melanoma Cancer Therapy Using PEGylated Nanoparticles and Semiconductor Laser. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:524-530. [PMID: 35935047 PMCID: PMC9348541 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a procedure that converts laser beam energy to heat so can disturb tumor cells. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unique properties in absorption optical energy and could change optical power into heat in PTT procedures. Additionally, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have a unique feature in absorbing and scattering light. Therefore, these mentioned NPs could play a synergistic role in the PTT method.
Methods: CNTs and TiO2 NPs were injected into the melanoma tumor sites of cancerous mice. Then sites were excited using the laser beam (λ = 808 nm, P = 2 W, and I = 4 W/cm2). Injected NPs caused hyperthermia in solid tumors. Tumor size assay, statistical analysis, and histopathological study of the treated cases were performed to assess the role of mentioned NPs in PTT of murine melanoma cancer.
Results: The results showed that CNTs performed better than TiO2 NPs in destroying murine melanoma cancer cells in animals.
Conclusion: The present study compared the photothermal activity of excited CNTs and TiO2 NPs in cancer therapy at the near-infrared spectrum of light. Tumors were destroyed selectively because of their weakened heat resistance versus normal tissue. PTT of malignant melanoma through CNTs caused remarkable necrosis into the tumor tissues versus TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdorreza Asrar
- Faculty of Naval Aviation, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Quality Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Behnam
- Nano Opto-Electronic Research Center, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
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Wani MR, Shadab GGHA. Coenzyme Q10 protects isolated human blood cells from TiO 2 nanoparticles induced oxidative/antioxidative imbalance, hemolysis, cytotoxicity, DNA damage and mitochondrial impairment. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3367-3377. [PMID: 34009565 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 NPs have been investigated for their toxic potential and studies have reported their toxicity is due to generation of oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the toxicity of TiO2 NPs and explored the potential of well-known antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in counteracting the NP-induced toxicity in isolated human blood cells. When the isolated blood cells were treated with varying concentrations of TiO2 NPs (25-100 μg/ml), only 50 μg/ml dose induced statistically significant hemolysis in erythrocytes and cytotoxicity in lymphocytes (p < 0.05). None of the concentrations induced any significant increase in platelet aggregation. To investigate the protective effect of CoQ10, we incubated the isolated blood cells with 50 μg/ml of TiO2 NPs in the presence and absence of 25 μM of CoQ10 for 3 h. Hemolysis, oxidative stress, LDH leakage and ATPase enzyme activity were studied in erythrocytes; cytotoxic and DNA damaging potential of NPs were determined in lymphocytes, along with mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ADP/ATP ratio. Hemolysis, generation of oxidative stress, LDH leakage and reduced ATPase activity were observed in the erythrocytes treated with NPs alone (50 μg/ml), the results were statistically significant at p < 0.05. Oxidative stress was evident by increased levels of malonaldehyde, indicating lipid peroxidation and generation of reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide, together with statistically significant decrease in the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione levels. In the lymphocytes treated with NPs alone (50 μg/ml), cytotoxicity in MTT assay and DNA damage in comet assay were observed; in addition, mitochondrial membrane potential collapsed and ADP/ATP ratio increased indicating mitochondrial function impairment. However, in the presence of CoQ10, hemolysis, oxidative stress and LDH leakage in the erythrocytes and lymphocyte cytotoxicity and DNA damage were drastically reduced, enzyme activities, MMP and ADP/ATP ratio were restored towards normal levels. TiO2 NPs induce cytotoxicity, damage DNA in lymphocytes, and induce oxidative/anti-oxidative imbalance in erythrocytes. Antioxidant CoQ10 protects erythrocytes and lymphocytes from toxicity induced by TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiq Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - G G Hammad Ahmad Shadab
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
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Lagopati N, Kotsinas A, Veroutis D, Evangelou K, Papaspyropoulos A, Arfanis M, Falaras P, Kitsiou PV, Pateras I, Bergonzini A, Frisan T, Kyriazis S, Tsoukleris DS, Tsilibary EPC, Gazouli M, Pavlatou EA, Gorgoulis VG. Biological Effect of Silver-modified Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide in Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:425-439. [PMID: 33994365 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nanomedicine is a promising scientific field that exploits the unique properties of innovative nanomaterials, providing alternative solutions in diagnostics, prevention and therapeutics. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have a great spectrum of photocatalytic antibacterial and anticancer applications. The chemical modification of TiO2 optimizes its bioactive performance. The aim of this study was the development of silver modified NPs (Ag/TiO2 NPs) with anticancer potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ag/TiO2 NPs were prepared through the sol-gel method, were fully characterized and were tested on cultured breast cancer epithelial cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The MTT colorimetric assay was used to estimate cellular viability. Western blot analysis of protein expression along with a DNA-laddering assay were employed for apoptosis detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We show that photo-activated Ag/TiO2 NPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity on the highly malignant MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, while MCF-7 cells that are characterized by low invasive properties were unaffected under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Arfanis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Laboratory of Nanotechnology Processes for Solar Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Laboratory of Nanotechnology Processes for Solar Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi V Kitsiou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, Laboratory of Biochemistry/Cell & Matrix Pathobiology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pateras
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Bergonzini
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Spyridon Kyriazis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Tsoukleris
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece.,NanoViis Company, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia A Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; .,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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11
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Behnam MA, Emami F, Sobhani Z. PEGylated Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles: Fabrication, Cell Cytotoxicity and Application in Photo Thermal Therapy. Iran J Pharm Res 2021; 20:91-104. [PMID: 34400944 PMCID: PMC8170745 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.112339.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new technique for cancer therapy is Photo Thermal Therapy (PTT). In the PTT technique, photon energy is converted into heat via various operations to destroy malignant tumors. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have good optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum and could transform optical energy into heat to induce hyperthermia in the PTT method. In this study, CNTs were firstly oxidized (O-CNT) and then decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was utilized for wrapping the surface of CNTs (O-CNT/Ag-PEG). Coating of CNTs with Ag NPs and PEG was confirmed by XRD, FESEM, and TEM techniques. Results demonstrated that noble metal could increase optical absorption of CNTs and concurrently improve the efficacy of the PTT technique. Cell cytotoxicity study showed that O-CNT/Ag NPs were less cytotoxic than O-CNTs, and O-CNT/Ag-PEG had the lowest toxicity against HeLa, HepG2, and PC3 human cell lines. The efficacy of O-CNT/Ag-PEG NPs in destroying malignant melanoma tumors was evaluated through the PTT technique. A continuous wave NIR laser diode (λ = 808 nm, P = 2 W, and I = 2 W/cm2) irradiated the tumor sites for 8 min once in the period of the treatment. The tumors in cases receiving O-CNT/Ag-PEG were shrunk efficiently compared to laser treatment ones. Results of in-vivo studies demonstrated that O-CNT/Ag-PEG was a puissant candidate in extirpating malignant tumors in PTT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Behnam
- Nano Opto-Electronic Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farzin Emami
- Nano Opto-Electronic Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Department of Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Shabbir S, Kulyar MF, Bhutta ZA, Boruah P, Asif M. Toxicological Consequences of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO(2)NPs) and Their Jeopardy to Human Population. Bionanoscience 2021; 11:621-32. [PMID: 33520589 DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the most produced nanomaterial for food additives, pigments, photocatalysis, and personal care products. These nanomaterials are at the forefront of rapidly developing indispensable nanotechnology. In all these nanomaterials, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most common nanomaterial which is being synthesized for many years. These nanoparticles of TiO2 are widely used at the commercial level, especially in cosmetic industries. High usage in such a way has increased the toxicological consequences of the human population. Several studies have shown that TiO2 NPs accumulated after oral exposure or inhalation in the alimentary canal, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, cardiac muscle, and kidneys. Additionally, in mice and rats, they disturb glucose and lipid homeostasis. Moreover, TiO2 nanoparticles primarily cause adverse reactions by inducing oxidative stress that leads to cell damage, inflammation, genotoxicity, and adverse immune responses. The form and level of destruction are strongly based on the physical and chemical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles, which administer their reactivity and bioavailability. Studies give indications that TiO2 NPs cause both DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damages. The effects of genotoxicity do not depend only on particle surface changes, size, and exposure route, but also relies on the duration of exposure. Most of these effects may be because of a very high dose of TiO2 NPs. Despite increased production and use, epidemiological data for TiO2 NPs is still missing. This review discusses previous research regarding the impact of TiO2 NP toxicity on human health and highlights areas that require further understanding in concern of jeopardy to the human population. This review is important to point out areas where extensive research is needed; thus, their possible impact on individual health should be investigated in more details.
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Canaparo R, Foglietta F, Limongi T, Serpe L. Biomedical Applications of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Metal Nanoparticles. Materials (Basel) 2020; 14:E53. [PMID: 33374476 PMCID: PMC7795539 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and characterization of new nanomaterials represents one of the most dynamic and transversal aspects of nanotechnology applications in the biomedical field. New synthetic and engineering improvements allow the design of a wide range of biocompatible nanostructured materials (NSMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) which, with or without additional chemical and/or biomolecular surface modifications, are more frequently employed in applications for successful diagnostic, drug delivery and therapeutic procedures. Metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) including metal NPs, metal oxide NPs, quantum dots (QDs) and magnetic NPs, thanks to their physical and chemical properties have gained much traction for their functional use in biomedicine. In this review it is highlighted how the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in many respects could be considered a negative aspect of the interaction of MNPs with biological matter, may be a surprising nanotechnology weapon. From the exchange of knowledge between branches such as materials science, nanotechnology, engineering, biochemistry and medicine, researchers and clinicians are setting and standardizing treatments by tuning ROS production to induce cancer or microbial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy; (R.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy; (R.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science & Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy; (R.C.); (F.F.)
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Feng X, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Lai X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Hu C, Shao L. Nanomaterial-mediated autophagy: coexisting hazard and health benefits in biomedicine. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:53. [PMID: 33066795 PMCID: PMC7565835 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread biomedical applications of nanomaterials (NMs) bring about increased human exposure risk due to their unique physicochemical properties. Autophagy, which is of great importance for regulating the physiological or pathological activities of the body, has been reported to play a key role in NM-driven biological effects both in vivo and in vitro. The coexisting hazard and health benefits of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine are nonnegligible and require our particular concerns. MAIN BODY We collected research on the toxic effects related to NM-mediated autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. Generally, NMs can be delivered into animal models through different administration routes, or internalized by cells through different uptake pathways, exerting varying degrees of damage in tissues, organs, cells, and organelles, eventually being deposited in or excreted from the body. In addition, other biological effects of NMs, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been associated with autophagy and cooperate to regulate body activities. We therefore highlight that NM-mediated autophagy serves as a double-edged sword, which could be utilized in the treatment of certain diseases related to autophagy dysfunction, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and cardiovascular disease. Challenges and suggestions for further investigations of NM-mediated autophagy are proposed with the purpose to improve their biosafety evaluation and facilitate their wide application. Databases such as PubMed and Web of Science were utilized to search for relevant literature, which included all published, Epub ahead of print, in-process, and non-indexed citations. CONCLUSION In this review, we focus on the dual effect of NM-mediated autophagy in the biomedical field. It has become a trend to use the benefits of NM-mediated autophagy to treat clinical diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine is also helpful for reducing the toxic effects of NMs as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Junrong Wu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Adibzadeh R, Golhin MS, Sari S, Mohammadpour H, Kheirbakhsh R, Muhammadnejad A, Amanpour S, Moosavi MA, Rahmati M. Combination therapy with TiO 2 nanoparticles and cisplatin enhances chemotherapy response in murine melanoma models. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:738-49. [PMID: 32734535 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent progressions in the treatment of melanoma, the response to conventional therapies and the long-term survival in melanoma patients still remain poor. Recently, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) has been highlighted for promoting the chemotherapeutic effects of cytotoxic drugs in melanoma. The aim of this study is to mechanistically evaluate the potential of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) for enhancing chemotherapy effects in in vitro and in vivo models of murine melanoma. METHODS The F10 melanoma cells were exposed to different concentrations of TiO2 NPs and/or cisplatin, then cell growth, cell viability, and cell death were evaluated. In parallel, C57BL/6 syngeneic melanoma mice were treated by TiO2 NPs and/or cisplatin, and then drug responses, tumor size and mice's organs were studied pathologically. Autophagy was examined by evaluating the formation of autophagosomes and gene expression levels of autophagy markers (ATG5 and ATG6) by fluorescent microscopy and qPCR, respectively. RESULTS Nontoxic concentrations of TiO2 NPs (50 µg/ml) promote anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in F10 melanoma cells, which is mediated through the induction of autophagy and necrotic cell death. Whereas TiO2 NPs have no cytotoxic or metastatic effects in melanoma mice, its combination with cisplatin enhances drug responses (up to 50%), leading to higher inhibition of tumor growth compared with each monotherapy. CONCLUSION The combination of TiO2 NP with cisplatin enhances chemotherapy response in both in vitro and in vivo melanoma models. In addition, autophagy plays an essential role during sensitizing melanoma cells to chemotherapy.
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Dakroury GA, Abo-Zahra SF. The use of titanium oxide/polyethylene glycol nanocomposite in sorption of 134Cs and 60Co radionuclides from aqueous solutions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Galata E, Georgakopoulou EA, Kassalia ME, Papadopoulou-Fermeli N, Pavlatou EA. Development of Smart Composites Based on Doped-TiO 2 Nanoparticles with Visible Light Anticancer Properties. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E2589. [PMID: 31416238 PMCID: PMC6719932 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of smart, polymerically embedded titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles aimed to exhibit photo-induced anticancer properties under visible light irradiation is investigated. The TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by utilizing the sol gel method with different dopants, including nitrogen (N-doped), iron (Fe-doped), and nitrogen and iron (Fe,N-doped). The dopants were embedded in an interpenetrating (IP) network microgel synthesized by stimuli responsive poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-polyacrylicacid)-pNipam-co-PAA forming composite particles. All the types of produced particles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, micro-Raman, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron, ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron, Transmission Electron microscopy, and Dynamic Light Scattering techniques. The experimental findings indicate that the doped TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully embedded in the microgel. The N-doped TiO2 nano-powders and composite particles exhibit the best photocatalytic degradation of the pollutant methylene blue under visible light irradiation. Similarly, the highly malignant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer epithelial cells were susceptible to the inhibition of cell proliferation at visible light, especially in the presence of N-doped powders and composites, compared to the non-metastatic MCF-7 cells, which were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Galata
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Eleni A Georgakopoulou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria-Emmanouela Kassalia
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Nefeli Papadopoulou-Fermeli
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Evangelia A Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou str., 15780 Zografou, Greece.
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Mohammadpour R, Dobrovolskaia MA, Cheney DL, Greish KF, Ghandehari H. Subchronic and chronic toxicity evaluation of inorganic nanoparticles for delivery applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:112-132. [PMID: 31295521 PMCID: PMC6745262 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles provide the opportunity to localize bioactive agents to the target sites and protect them from degradation. In many cases, acute toxicities of inorganic nanoparticles used for delivery applications have been investigated. However, little information is available regarding the long-term toxicity of such materials. This review focuses on the importance of subchronic and chronic toxicity assessment of inorganic nanoparticles investigated for delivery applications. We have attempted to provide a comprehensive review of the available literature for chronic toxicity assessment of inorganic nanoparticles. Where possible correlations are made between particle composition, physiochemical properties, duration, frequency and route of administration, as well as the sex of animals, with tissue and blood toxicity, immunotoxicity and genotoxicity. A critical gap analysis is provided and important factors that need to be considered for long-term toxicology of inorganic nanoparticles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Mohammadpour
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Darwin L Cheney
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Khaled F Greish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain; Nanomedicine Research Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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