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Minto’o S, Kamgaing EK, Bisvigou U, Loembe FC, ZouaNze D, Ngoungou E, Ategbo SJ. Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage of Preschool Children in Libreville, Gabon: Prevalence and Determining Factors. Indian Pediatr 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-022-2493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Despite the heavy disease burden posed by hepatitis B, around 90% of people living with hepatitis B are not diagnosed globally. Many of the affected populations still have limited or no access to essential blood tests for hepatitis B. Compared to conventional blood tests which heavily rely on centralised laboratory facilities, point-of-care testing for hepatitis B has the potential to broaden testing access in low-resource settings and to engage hard-to-reach populations. Few hepatitis B point-of-care tests have been ratified for clinical use by international and regional regulatory bodies, and countries have been slow to adopt point-of-care testing into hepatitis B programs. This review presents currently available point-of-care tests for hepatitis B and their roles in the care cascade, reviewing evidence for testing performance, utility, acceptability, costs and cost-effectiveness when integrated into hepatitis B diagnosis and monitoring programs. We further discuss challenges and future directions in aspects of technology, implementation, and regulation when adopting point-of-care testing in hepatitis B programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzong Xiao
- Burnet Institute, 3004 Melbourne, VIC, Australia;
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander J. Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Howell
- Burnet Institute, 3004 Melbourne, VIC, Australia;
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, 3065 Fitzroy, VIC, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 3004 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Aabdien M, Selim N, Himatt S, Hmissi S, Merenkov Z, AlKubaisi N, Abdel-Rahman ME, Abdelmola A, Khelfa S, Farag E, Al-Romaihi HE, Al-Thani M, Derbala M, Al-Kaabi S. Prevalence and trends of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in the State of Qatar, 2013-2017. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:617. [PMID: 32819294 PMCID: PMC7441652 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of lives around the world are being saved annually through blood transfusion. However, blood transfusion is among the essential vehicles for transmitting infections. The overall prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections among blood donors differs around the world, reflecting the variation in the prevalence of these infections. This study aims to assess the prevalence and trends of Transfusion Transmissible Infections among blood donors in Qatar. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study utilizing donation records of 5 years from January 2013 to December 2017. We included in the study results for all screening and confirmatory tests for Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human T-lymphotropic Virus-I/II, Syphilis and Malaria. RESULTS Among the 190,509 donations received at the donation centre during the study period, about 91% of donations were received from males and 9% from females. The overall positivity rate for all tests was 1.87, 2.23, 1.78, 2.31, 2.67% for the years 2013 through 2017, with an increasing yearly trend by 6% each year. The overall positivity rates for Hepatitis C Virus, Human T-lymphotropic Virus-I/II, Hepatitis B Virus, Syphilis and Malaria (2013-2017) were 0.60, 0.18, 0.30, 0.43 and 0.20%, respectively. CONCLUSION The overall positivity rate of all tests combined for the Transfusion Transmissible Infections demonstrated a gradually increasing trend from 2013 to 2017. However, the trend for each infection (Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Syphilis and Malaria) was fluctuating except for Human T-lymphotropic Virus-I/II, which was increasing. Supporting the development of effective prevention and control strategies requires further comprehensive investigations for better estimation of the burden of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aabdien
- Community Medicine Training Program- Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar.
| | - Nagah Selim
- Community Medicine Training Program- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Medicine- Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed Himatt
- Public Health Department- Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saloua Hmissi
- Blood Donation Unit- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeyd Merenkov
- Blood Donation Unit- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noora AlKubaisi
- Community Medicine Training Program- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manar E Abdel-Rahman
- College of Health Sciences- Department of Public Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelatif Abdelmola
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shadi Khelfa
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Mohamed Al-Thani
- Public Health Department- Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moutaz Derbala
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saad Al-Kaabi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Al Awaidy ST, Ezzikouri S. Moving towards hepatitis B elimination in Gulf Health Council states: From commitment to action. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:221-227. [PMID: 31445879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted the hepatitis B (HB) elimination strategy that aims at ending HB by 2030. In this descriptive review we provide the progress made and challenges to achieving hepatitis B elimination by 2030 in Gulf Health Cooperated (GHC) states. METHODS Data record from relevant online databases and reliable resources were reviewed until the end of 2017. The analysis was based on the core indicators of the WHO monitoring and evaluation framework for viral hepatitis B and the targets of the global health sector strategy by 2016‒2021. RESULTS The states introduced HB vaccination, including birth-dose for those under 5 years old, with global coverage of more than 95%, in order to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV. The prevalence of HB antigens declined in children under age 5 to less than 1%. However, the rate of vaccination among the most-at-risk populations remains suboptimal. All states have implemented safe blood transfusions and injection safety policies as well as universal laboratory-based surveillance for acute HB. However, surveillance for chronic HB and sequelae as well as estimation methods of morbidity and mortality to evaluate impact are not established. Similarly, harm reduction for people who inject drugs and testing and treatment policies and protocols for people with chronic HB are suboptimal. CONCLUSIONS Additional steps are required to strengthen immunisation among the most-at-risk populations, maintain high quality surveillance, use antiviral therapy to treat chronic HBV and stop unsafe injection practices for drug users. Establishing country-specific national hepatitis responses based on country priorities as well as the capacity of the home health sectors to address these needs are paramount. Achieving elimination targets will require a radical alteration in the current hepatitis response and this goal should be elevated to a higher priority in the public health arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah T Al Awaidy
- Office of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 393, PC 100, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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Al-Dahshan A, Hammoud H, Chehab M, Osman SRO. Vaccination coverage in Qatar: Benchmarking with global figures. Qatar Med J 2019; 2019:4. [PMID: 31384573 PMCID: PMC6657658 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2019.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vaccination is considered one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions of the 20th century. In 2017, Qatar's Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) provided vaccination services against a comprehensive list of 15 vaccine-preventable diseases. Objectives: To assess the performance of Qatar's national immunization system, identify possible gaps by determining the national vaccination coverage rates, and benchmark these rates against regional and global figures. Methods: The data utilized herein were retrieved from the vaccination coverage estimates generated by the World Health Organization and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. Relevant local, regional, and global vaccination coverage figures were manually extracted and then analyzed for six vaccines (DTP3, Pol3, MCV2, HepB, PCV3, and RotaC) in 2017. Percentages and proportions were compared using the Chi-squared test. Results: Vaccination coverage levels in Qatar have surpassed the optimal level of 90% for all vaccines. Compared with international figures, the national coverage exceeds the relevant benchmarks. For DTP3 and Pol3, Qatar achieved 97% coverage compared with 99% coverage in Jordan and 85% coverage globally. For MCV2, Qatar achieved 93% coverage compared with 99% coverage in Jordan and 67% coverage globally. For RotaC, Qatar achieved 97% coverage compared with 96% coverage in Jordan and 28% coverage globally. For HepB, Qatar achieved 97% coverage compared with 43% coverage globally. Conclusions: Compared with the international benchmarks of major vaccines, the vaccination coverage rates in Qatar are high. However, challenges for maintaining high coverage, such as cultural and language barriers, should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Al-Dahshan
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamed Hammoud
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad Chehab
- Community Medicine Residency Program, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Al Romaihi HE, Ganesan N, Farag EA, Smatti MK, Nasrallah GK, Himatt SM, Derbala MF, Alshamali M, Mahadoon LK, Khogali HS, Sallam M, Al Thani AA, Al Thani M, Al Kaabi S, Yassine HM. Demographics and Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in the State of Qatar: A Five-Year Surveillance-Based Incidence Study. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020068. [PMID: 31117254 PMCID: PMC6630982 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Expatriates represent >80% of Qatar’s population, mostly arriving from countries in Africa and Asia that are endemic with many diseases. This increases the risk for introducing new pathogens into the country and provides a platform for maintenance of endemic pathogen circulation. Here, we report on the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Qatar between 2010 and 2014. Methods: We performed a retrospective epidemiological data analysis using the data available at the surveillance system of the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) in Qatar. Data were collected from distinctive public and private incorporates around the nation. Reported cases of hepatitis B patients represent those who met the stringent case definition as per World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines and eventually reported to MOPH. Results: The annual incidence rates of hepatitis B cases were 30.0, 34.2, 30.5, 39.4, and 19.8 per 100,000 population in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. There was no specific trend or seasonality for the reported cases. The incidence rates were higher in females compared to males between 2010 and 2012, but similar in 2013 and 2014. The highest incidence rates were reported among individuals between 25 and 34 years of age. No cases were reported in children younger than five years in 2013 and 2014. Rates of hepatitis B cases declined dramatically in 2014, in both Qataris and non-Qataris, as compared to the previous years. Conclusion: Our results indicate a dramatic decline of hepatitis B cases in Qatar but mandate improved surveillance and vaccination efforts in expatriates in the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria K Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | | | - Moutaz F Derbala
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | | | | | | | | | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | | | - Saad Al Kaabi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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