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Kader Maideen SF, Rashid A, Ahmad NI, Zahari SNA, Hamat RA. Sero-prevalence of malaria and the knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to the prevention of malaria among indigenous people living in the central forest spine in Peninsular Malaysia: a mixed-methods study. Malar J 2022; 21:281. [PMID: 36192733 PMCID: PMC9528153 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is still a major public health threat in some parts of the world. Many countries are targeting to achieve malaria free status country. This study aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of malaria and the knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to the prevention of malaria among the indigenous adults living in the central forest spine in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods A mixed method study was conducted in indigenous settlements in 2020. Blood film for malaria parasite (BFMP) was used to diagnose malaria in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. For the qualitative data, in-depth interviews were conducted and data was collected until data saturation was reached. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictors after adjusting for confounders. A p-value of < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Meaningful statements from the in-depth interviews were assigned to the relevant codes using NVivo version 12 software. Results A total of 284 indigenous people participated in the study. The prevalence of malaria in this study was 0%. Those in the middle age group between 25 and 41 years and tested positive for malaria previously were significantly more likely to have better knowledge and attitude scores. Significant correlations were also observed between knowledge-attitude and knowledge-practice. For the qualitative results, most of the respondents were unsure of monkey malaria, but all were aware of human malaria. Conclusion The present study highlighted the absence of malaria in the study population and relatively good knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to the prevention of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Rashid
- Department of Public Health Medicine, RCSI and UCD Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Indah Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Rukman Awang Hamat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Pathy TS, Lee JM, Yek SH. Disturbance gradient and mosquito diversity pattern in areas surrounding Chini Lake - the second largest freshwater lake in Peninsular Malaysia. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e83800. [PMID: 36761566 PMCID: PMC9848510 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e83800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaysia is a tropical country that has consistently been facing a prevalent threat of mosquito-borne diseases. Amongst the plethora of diseases, the most common mosquito-borne disease in the country is dengue fever, transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. This study aims to examine the effects of human activity associated with different land use on mosquito population composition and diversity. Our study site is Chini Lake, a naturally occurring lake and the second-largest freshwater body in Malaysia. The areas surrounding the Lake have been subjected to various human activities, such as economic development and conversion into rubber plantations, while some areas remain pristine, making Chini Lake an ideal location to examine the gradient of human disturbances on mosquito composition and diversity. We sampled adult mosquitoes and larvae across a range of sites with different levels of human disturbance. As expected, in areas with high disturbance scores, the species richness of adult and larval mosquitoes were reduced while the abundance was higher. The results also revealed minimal overlap between species captured for adult and larval samplings, suggesting that land-use changes affect both life stages differently. Different resource requirements of adult and larval mosquitoes likely led to the observed diversity pattern in this small survey. We suggest future work to look into how habitat heterogeneity affects both life stages and sexes of mosquito diversity patterns and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taneswarry Sethu Pathy
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, MalaysiaSchool of Science, Monash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Jin Min Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, MalaysiaSchool of Science, Monash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Sze Huei Yek
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, MalaysiaSchool of Science, Monash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia,Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, MalaysiaInstitute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluMalaysia
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Nguyen-Tien T, Pham LT, Vu DT, Tran SH, Vu LT, Bui VN, Bui AN, Hoang TD, Vu TT, Nguyen-Viet H, Magnusson U, Lundkvist Å, Lindahl J. Knowledge and practice on prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in livestock-keeping and non-livestock-keeping communities in Hanoi city, Vietnam: A mixed-method study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246032. [PMID: 33539377 PMCID: PMC7861445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are causing high morbidity and mortality for humans. Urban livestock keeping is still common in cities around the world. The animals may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic MBDs, which increase the risks for humans. Here we assess the knowledge and practices related to MBDs in households with livestock and without livestock and explore the perceptions of the health care sector about MBDs and livestock keeping in Hanoi city of Vietnam in a cross-sectional study. A quantitative survey was conducted including 513 households with and without livestock-keeping in six districts and complemented with qualitative surveys with four health staff from Hanoi Center of Disease Control and three district health centers. The quantitative survey indicated that the participants possessed basic knowledge on MBDs with an average score of 18.3 out of 35, of which non-livestock-keeping households had a better knowledge than households keeping livestock (p<0.05). Both household categories had low score, 3.5 out of 11, regarding preventive practices against MBDs. The negative binomial model showed that occupation and location of living were factors associated to the knowledge on MBDs. Farmers were likely to have better preventive practices as compared to office workers (p<0.05). Those who had better knowledge also had more adequate preventive practices against MBDs (p<0.001). The qualitative survey revealed that livestock keeping was determined as increasing risks of MBDs due to the increase of mosquito population. It is recommended that community campaigns to raise the awareness and change behavior on MBDs should be organized based on collaboration between the health sector and the veterinary sector for households with and without livestock living in central urban and peri-urban areas. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between urban livestock keeping and potential increasing risks of MBDs such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Nguyen-Tien
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Long Thanh Pham
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duoc Trong Vu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son Hai Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lieu Thi Vu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Anh Ngoc Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thanh Thi Vu
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Buxton M, Machekano H, Gotcha N, Nyamukondiwa C, Wasserman RJ. Are Vulnerable Communities Thoroughly Informed on Mosquito Bio-Ecology and Burden? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218196. [PMID: 33171954 PMCID: PMC7672552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes account for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite evidence of (1) imminent anthropogenic climate and environmental changes, (2) vector-pathogen spatio-temporal dynamics and (3) emerging and re-emerging mosquito borne infections, public knowledge on mosquito bio-ecology remain scant. In particular, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) on mosquitoes are often neglected despite otherwise expensive remedial efforts against consequent infections and other indirect effects associated with disease burden. To gather baseline KAPs that identify gaps for optimising vector-borne disease control, we surveyed communities across endemic and non-endemic malaria sub-districts (Botswana). The study revealed limited knowledge of mosquitoes and their infections uniformly across endemic and non-endemic areas. In addition, a significant proportion of respondents were concerned about mosquito burdens, although their level of personal, indoor and environmental protection practices varied significantly across sub-districts. Given the limited knowledge displayed by the communities, this study facilitates bridging KAP gaps to minimise disease burdens by strengthening public education. Furthermore, it provides a baseline for future studies in mosquito bio-ecology and desirable control practices across differential spheres of the rural–urban lifestyle, with implications for enhanced livelihoods as a consequence of improved public health.
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Ain-Najwa MY, Yasmin AR, Omar AR, Arshad SS, Abu J, Mohammed HO, Kumar K, Loong SK, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Mohd-Kharip-Shah AK. Evidence of West Nile virus infection in migratory and resident wild birds in west coast of peninsular Malaysia. One Health 2020; 10:100134. [PMID: 32405525 PMCID: PMC7210594 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne flavivirus that is harbored and amplified by wild birds via the enzootic transmission cycle. Wide range of hosts are found to be susceptible to WNV infection including mammals, amphibians and reptiles across the world. Several studies have demonstrated that WNV was present in the Malaysian Orang Asli and captive birds. However, no data are available on the WNV prevalence in wild birds found in Malaysia. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the serological and molecular prevalence of WNV in wild birds in selected areas in the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Two types of wild birds were screened, namely migratory and resident birds in order to explore any possibility of WNV transmission from the migratory birds to the resident birds. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the migratory birds sanctuary located in Kuala Gula, Perak and Kapar, Selangor by catching 163 migratory birds, and 97 resident birds from Kuala Gula and Parit Buntar, Perak at different time between 2016 and 2017 (Total, n = 260). Blood and oropharyngeal swabs were collected for serological and molecular analysis, respectively. Serum were screened for WNV antibodies using a commercial competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) (ID Screen® West Nile Competition Multi-species ELISA, ID VET, Montpellier, France) and cross-reactivity towards Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) was also carried out using the JEV-double antigen sandwich (DAS) ELISA. Oropharyngeal swabs were subjected to one-step RT-PCR to detect WNV RNA, in which positive reactions were subsequently sequenced. WNV seropositive rate of 18.71% (29/155) at 95% CI (0.131 to 0.260) and molecular prevalence of 15.2% (16/105) at 95% CI (0.092 to 0.239) were demonstrated in migratory and resident wild birds found in West Coast Malaysia. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16 WNV isolates found in this study revealed that the local strains have 99% similarity to the strains from South Africa and were clustered under lineage 2. Evidence of WNV infection in resident and migratory birds were demonstrated in this study. As a summary, intervention between migratory birds, resident birds and mosquitoes might cause the introduction and maintenance of WNV in Malaysia, however the assumption could be further proven by studying the infection dynamics in the mosquitoes present in the studied areas. Exposure to and the potential circulation of WNV among wild birds in Malaysia were demonstrated for the first time. The anti-WNV IgG antibodies prevalence of 18.71% and molecular WNV RNA prevalence of 15.2% were revealed in the tested wild bird cohort. This information has far-reaching public and animal health implications for Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yuseri Ain-Najwa
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rahaman Yasmin
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suri Arshad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Jalila Abu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Hussni O Mohammed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, USA
| | - Kiven Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Shih Keng Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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Lalitha K, Kalaimurgan D, Nithya K, Venkatesan S, Shivakumar MS. Antibacterial, Antifungal and Mosquitocidal Efficacy of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized from Entomopathogenic Nematode: Insect–Host Relationship of Bacteria in Secondary Metabolites of Morganella morganii sp. (PMA1). Arab J Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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