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Sears A, Hentz F, de Souza J, Wenner B, Ward RE, Batistel F. Supply of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acid changes rumen fiber digestibility and microbial composition. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:902-916. [PMID: 37776997 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The concept that fat supplementation impairs total-tract fiber digestibility in ruminants has been widely accepted over the past decades. Nevertheless, the recent interest in the dietary fatty acid profile to dairy cows enlightened the possible beneficial effect of specific fatty acids (e.g., palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids) on total-tract fiber digestibility. Because palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids are the main fatty acids present in ruminal bacterial cells, we hypothesize that the dietary supply of these fatty acids will favor their incorporation into the bacterial cell membranes, which will support the growth and enrichment of fiber-digesting bacteria in the rumen. Our objective in this experiment was to investigate how dietary supply of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acid affect fiber digestion, bacterial membrane fatty acid profile, microbial growth, and composition of the rumen bacterial community. Diets were randomly assigned to 8 single-flow continuous culture fermenters arranged in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with four 11-d experimental periods. Treatments were (1) a control basal diet without supplemental fatty acids (CON); (2) the control diet plus palmitic acid (PA); (3) the control diet plus stearic acid (SA); and (4) the control diet plus oleic acid (OA). All fatty acid treatments were included in the diet at 1.5% of the diet (dry matter [DM] basis). The basal diet contained 50% orchardgrass hay and 50% concentrate (DM basis) and was supplied at a rate of 60 g of DM/d in 2 equal daily offers (0800 and 1600 h). Data were analyzed using a mixed model considering treatments as fixed effect and period and fermenter as random effects. Our results indicate that PA increased in vitro fiber digestibility by 6 percentage units compared with the CON, while SA had no effect and OA decreased fiber digestibility by 8 percentage units. Oleic acid decreased protein expression of the enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase compared with CON and PA, while fatty acid synthase was reduced by PA, SA, and OA. We observed that PA, but not SA or OA, altered the bacterial community composition by enhancing bacterial groups responsible for fiber digestion. Although the dietary fatty acids did not affect the total lipid content and the phospholipid fraction in the bacterial cell, PA increased the flow of anteiso C13:0 and anteiso C15:0 in the phospholipidic membrane compared to the other treatments. In addition, OA increased the flow of C18:1 cis-9 and decreased C18:2 cis-9,cis-12 in the bacterial phospholipidic membranes compared to the other treatments. Palmitic acid tended to increase bacterial growth compared to other treatments, whereas SA and OA did not affect bacterial growth compared with CON. To our knowledge, this is the first research providing evidence that palmitic acid supports ruminal fiber digestion through shifts in bacterial fatty acid metabolism that result in changes in growth and abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria in the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Sears
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 53706
| | - Fernanda Hentz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Benjamin Wenner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Robert E Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 43210
| | - Fernanda Batistel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
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Binyameen M, Khan MIR, Haque MNU, Tausif MA, Kok A, van Knegsel ATM, Tahir MZ. Effect of prepartum dietary energy sources on productive and reproductive performance in Nili Ravi buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:88. [PMID: 36808487 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Feeding of dietary energy sources has been extensively studied in dairy cows but not well described in dairy buffaloes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prepartum dietary energy sources on productive and reproductive performance in Nili Ravi buffaloes (n = 21). The buffaloes were offered isocaloric (1.55 Mcal/kg DM NEL (net energy for lactation)) glucogenic (GD), lipogenic (LD), and mixed diet (MD) during 63 days prepartum and maintained (1.27 Mcal/kg DM NEL) at lactation diet (LCD) during 14 weeks postpartum. Effects of dietary energy sources and week on animals were analyzed with the mixed model. The DMI, BCS, and body weights remained similar during the pre- and postpartum periods. The prepartum diets did not affect birth weight, blood metabolites, milk yield, and composition. The GD tended to early uterine involution, more follicle numbers, and early follicle formation. The prepartum feeding of dietary energy source had a similar effect on first estrus expression, days open, conception rate, pregnancy rate, and calving interval. So, it could be concluded that prepartum feeding of an isocaloric dietary energy source had a similar effect on the performance of buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Binyameen
- Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki, District Kasur, 55300, Pakistan
| | - M I R Khan
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - M N U Haque
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - M A Tausif
- Livestock Experiment Station Bhunikey, Pattoki, District Kasur, 55300, Pakistan
| | - A Kok
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A T M van Knegsel
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Z Tahir
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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Daley V, Armentano L, Hanigan M. Models to predict milk fat concentration and yield of lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8016-8035. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rico DE, Parales JE, Corl BA, Lengi A, Chouinard PY, Gervais R. Abomasally infused SFA with varying chain length differently affect milk production and composition and alter hepatic and mammary gene expression in lactating cows. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:386-95. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the effects of post-ruminally infused fat supplements, varying in fatty acid (FA) chain length, on animal performance, metabolism and milk FA. Eleven multiparous Holstein dairy cows were used in a replicated incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square design with 7-d periods, separated by 7-d washouts. Treatments were administered as abomasal infusions of enrichments providing 280 g/d of FA: (1) palmitic acid (98·4 % 16 : 0; PA), (2) caprylic and capric acids (56·2 % 8 : 0, 43·8 % 10 : 0; medium-chain TAG (MCT)) and (3) stearic acid (99·0 % 18 : 0; SA). Relative to PA, SA decreased the efficiency of fat-corrected milk production, which was associated with a tendency for higher DM intake and lower FA absorption with SA, whereas MCT was not different from PA for these variables. Milk fat concentration and yield were increased by PA relative to SA, but only fat yield tended to be greater relative to MCT. Relative to PA, MCT increased milk fat concentration of FA < 16 C, whereas SA increased FA > 16 C. Expression of mammary stearoyl-coA desaturase 1 was lower with SA than with PA. Relative to PA, liver expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-1 and pyruvate kinase was increased with MCT, whereas expression of these genes tended to be increased by SA. The mechanism of increased fat secretion with PA does not seem to be related to a modulation of the expression of lipogenesis-related genes, but rather to increased substrate availability as reflected by milk FA profile.
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Akhlaghi B, Ghorbani GR, Alikhani M, Kargar S, Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A, Rafiee-Yarandi H, Rezamand P. Effect of production level and source of fat supplement on performance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of heat-stressed Holstein cows. J Anim Sci Technol 2019; 61:313-323. [PMID: 31844541 PMCID: PMC6906130 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.6.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The interactive effect of dietary fat supplementation and milk yield level on dairy cows performance under heat stress has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of production level, the source of fat supplements and their interaction on dairy cows performance under heat stress. In this study, 64 Holstein multiparous cows were divided into 2 groups and received one of two rations having either calcium salts of fatty acids (Ca-FA) or high-palmitic acid (PA) supplements (2.8% of DM; dry matter). After completing the experiment and based on maturity-equivalent milk, cows were divided into two groups of high-yielding (14,633 kg) and medium-yielding (11,616 kg). Average temperature humidity index (THI) was 71 during the trial period. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.04), organic matter (p = 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF; p = 0.04) for cows fed Ca-FA were greater than cows fed PA. The milk fat content in high-producing cows was 0.3% greater than medium-producing cows (p = 0.03). The milk protein content in cows fed Ca-FA was greater than cows fed PA (p < 0.01). High-producing cows had greater serum cholesterol (p = 0.02) than medium-producing cows. The cows fed PA tended to have a greater BUN than cows fed Ca-FA (p = 0.06). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase tended to be increased by PA, which indicates that cows in PA treatment may have experienced more adverse effect on the liver function than cows on Ca-FA. Therefore, under heat stress and in 90 d trial, milk production level does not affect the cows' response to PA or Ca-FA. Although cows fed Ca-FA received lower energy than those fed PA, they compensated for this shortage likely with increasing the digestibility and produced a similar amount of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Akhlaghi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of
Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 4156-83111,
Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of
Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 4156-83111,
Iran
| | - Masoud Alikhani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of
Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 4156-83111,
Iran
| | - Shahryar Kargar
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of
Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of
Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 4156-83111,
Iran
| | - Hassan Rafiee-Yarandi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of
Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 4156-83111,
Iran
| | - Pedram Rezamand
- Department of Animal and Veterinary
Science, University of Idaho, Moscow Idaho 83844-2330,
USA
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Sadeghi M, Ghorbani G, Ghasemi E, Kargar S, Leskinen H, Bayat A, H. Ghaffari M. Source of supplemental dietary fat interacts with relative proportion of forage source in Holstein dairy cows: Production responses, milk fat composition, and rumen fermentation. Livest Sci 2019; 227:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Over 100 years, the Journal of Dairy Science has recorded incredible changes in the utilization of fat for dairy cattle. Fat has progressed from nothing more than a contaminant in some protein supplements to a valuable high-energy substitute for cereal grains, a valuable energy source in its own right, and a modifier of cellular metabolism that is under active investigation in the 21st century. Milestones in the use of fats for dairy cattle from 1917 to 2017 result from the combined efforts of noted scientists and industry personnel worldwide, with much of the research published in Journal of Dairy Science. We are humbled to have been asked to contribute to this historical collection of significant developments in fat research over the past 100 years. Our goal is not to detail all the work published as each development moved forward; rather, it is to point out when publication marked a significant change in thinking regarding use of fat supplements. This approach forced omission of critically important names and publications in many journals as ideas moved forward. However, we hope that a description of the major changes in fat feeding during the past 100 years will stimulate reflection on progress in fat research and encourage further perusal of details of significant events.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Palmquist
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691.
| | - T C Jenkins
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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de Souza J, Lock A. Short communication: Comparison of a palmitic acid-enriched triglyceride supplement and calcium salts of palm fatty acids supplement on production responses of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3110-3117. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Granados-Rivera LD, Hernández-Mendo O, González-Muñoz SS, Burgueño-Ferreira JA, Mendoza-Martínez GD, Arriaga-Jordán CM. Effect of palmitic acid on the mitigation of milk fat depression syndrome caused by trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid in grazing dairy cows. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 71:428-440. [PMID: 28976228 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2017.1379165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of adding protected palmitic acid (PA) to the ration of grazing dairy cows supplemented with protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on milk production, chemical composition and fat profile. Six cows were used, 3/4 American Swiss × Zebu, under a rotational grazing system in a mixed sward with Cynodon plectostachyus, Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria brizantha. Furthermore, each cow received daily 4 kg concentrates and 8 kg sorghum silage, which made up the basal diet. The cows were distributed into three two-cow groups. Three treatments were randomly assigned to the groups, using a cross design: (1) control (basal diet), (2) basal diet + CLA (50 g/d) and (3) basal diet + CLA (50 g/d) + PA (412 g/d). The following variables were evaluated: forage intake, milk production, protein, fat and lactose concentration in milk, and milk fatty acid (FA) profile. There were no differences in forage intake between treatments; however, there were differences in milk production, protein, fat and lactose yield and fat concentration, which increased significantly in group CLA + PA when compared with group CLA. The concentration of FA synthesised de novo was lower when PA was included in the diet. Adding PA to the diet of grazing cows mitigates the milk fat decline caused by including trans-10, cis-12 CLA in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Hernández-Mendo
- a Programa de Ganadería, Campus Montecillo , Colegio de Postgraduados , Texcoco , México
| | | | - Juan Andrés Burgueño-Ferreira
- b Unidad de Biometría y Estadística , Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) , Texcoco , México
| | - German David Mendoza-Martínez
- c Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco , Ciudad de México , México
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Odle J, Jacobi SK, Boyd RD, Bauman DE, Anthony RV, Bazer FW, Lock AL, Serazin AC. The Potential Impact of Animal Science Research on Global Maternal and Child Nutrition and Health: A Landscape Review. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:362-381. [PMID: 28298279 PMCID: PMC5347102 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High among the challenges facing mankind as the world population rapidly expands toward 9 billion people by 2050 is the technological development and implementation of sustainable agriculture and food systems to supply abundant and wholesome nutrition. In many low-income societies, women and children are the most vulnerable to food insecurity, and it is unequivocal that quality nutrition during the first 1000 d of life postconception can be transformative in establishing a robust, lifelong developmental trajectory. With the desire to catalyze disruptive advancements in global maternal and child health, this landscape review was commissioned by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to examine the nutritional and managerial practices used within the food-animal agricultural system that may have relevance to the challenges faced by global human health. The landscape was categorized into a framework spanning 1) preconception, 2) gestation and pregnancy, 3) lactation and suckling, and 4) postweaning and toddler phases. Twelve key findings are outlined, wherein research within the discipline of animal sciences stands to inform the global health community and in some cases identifies gaps in knowledge in which further research is merited. Notable among the findings were 1) the quantitative importance of essential fatty acid and amino acid nutrition in reproductive health, 2) the suggested application of the ideal protein concept for improving the amino acid nutrition of mothers and children, 3) the prospect of using dietary phytase to improve the bioavailability of trace minerals in plant and vegetable-based diets, and 4) nutritional interventions to mitigate environmental enteropathy. The desired outcome of this review was to identify potential interventions that may be worthy of consideration. Better appreciation of the close linkage between human health, medicine, and agriculture will identify opportunities that will enable faster and more efficient innovations in global maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Odle
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC;
| | - Sheila K Jacobi
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - R Dean Boyd
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Department of Science Integration, The Hanor Company, Spring Green, WI
| | - Dale E Bauman
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Russell V Anthony
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Adam L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
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Dorea JRR, Armentano LE. Effects of common dietary fatty acids on milk yield and concentrations of fat and fatty acids in dairy cattle. Anim Prod Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an17335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present article was to summarise the effects of five common dietary fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3) on the major milk fat groups (<C16, C16 and C18). Forty published papers were reviewed to evaluate the effect of adding free fat or oil supplements rich in C16 and C18 fatty acids on the response of milk fat secretion and composition. From those 40 studies, 21 were used to investigate the effect of total dietary concentration of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 on milk secretion or concentrations of milk <C16, C16 and C18 fatty acid groups. The results indicated that C16 supplementation increased total milk fatty acids, mainly by increasing milk C16 yield, without affecting milk <C16 and C18 yield. Supplements rich in unsaturated fatty acid decreased total milk fatty acid by inhibiting secretion of milk fatty acids shorter than C18, with linoleic acid being the most inhibitory. Mixtures of feed fatty acid (C16:0 + C18:0 and C16:0 + C18:1) did not significantly affect total milk fatty acid yield. According to regression of milk C16 yield on dietary fatty acid, endogenous C16 contributes ~80% of total milk C16, but this proportion varies with the level and type of dietary fatty acid fed. Milk mid-infrared analysis can be used to routinely measure the presence of milk <C16 fatty acid, the concentration of which provides a good indicator of inhibition of milk fatty acid secretion. In contrast, measurement of total milk fat content is less effective as a diagnostic tool due to the masking effect of the exogenous supply of C16 and C18 dietary fatty acids.
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