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Bendl E, Fuchs J, Kochs G. Bourbon virus, a newly discovered zoonotic thogotovirus. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37643129 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of Bourbon virus (BRBV) put a new focus on the genus of thogotoviruses as zoonotic, tick-transmitted pathogens within the orthomyxovirus family. Since 2014, BRBV has been linked to several human cases in the Midwest United States with severe acute febrile illness and a history of tick bites. The detection of the virus in the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum, and a high sero-prevalence in wild animals suggest widespread circulation of BRBV. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral RNA genome classified BRBV into the subgroup of Dhori-like thogotoviruses. Strikingly, BRBV is apathogenic in mice, contrasting not only with the fatal disease in affected patients but also with the severe disease in mice caused by other members of the thogotovirus genus. To gain insights into this intriguing discrepancy, we will review the molecular biology and pathology of BRBV and its unique position within the thogotovirus genus. Lastly, we will discuss the zoonotic threat posed by this newly discovered pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Bendl
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Relich RF, Loeffelholz MJ. Taxonomic Changes for Human Viruses, 2020 to 2022. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0033722. [PMID: 36541768 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00337-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of viruses remains relevant to several disciplines, including clinical virology. Since the original publication of this review in 2019, many known viruses have undergone taxonomic revisions, and several novel human and animal viruses have been described. Here, we provide an update to our previous reviews of taxonomic changes for disease-causing viruses of humans, covering changes that occurred between 2020 and 2022. As with previous editions, this update was informed by recent advances in virus taxonomy made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; the changes and additions noted herein are not all-inclusive.
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Dupuis AP, Prusinski MA, O’Connor C, Maffei JG, Koetzner CA, Zembsch TE, Zink SD, White AL, Santoriello MP, Romano CL, Xu G, Ribbe F, Campbell SR, Rich SM, Backenson PB, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Bourbon Virus Transmission, New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:145-148. [PMID: 36573733 PMCID: PMC9796220 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.220283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In July 2019, Bourbon virus RNA was detected in an Amblyomma americanum tick removed from a resident of Long Island, New York, USA. Tick infection and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serosurvey results demonstrate active transmission in New York, especially Suffolk County, emphasizing a need for surveillance anywhere A. americanum ticks are reported.
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Aziati ID, Jnr DM, Antia A, Joshi A, Aviles-Gamboa A, Lee P, Harastani H, Wang D, Adalsteinsson SA, Boon ACM. Prevalence of Bourbon and Heartland viruses in field collected ticks at an environmental field station in St. Louis County, Missouri, USA. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102080. [PMID: 36375268 PMCID: PMC9729426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heartland and Bourbon viruses are pathogenic tick-borne viruses putatively transmitted by Amblyomma americanum, an abundant tick species in Missouri. To assess the prevalence of these viruses in ticks, we collected 2778 ticks from eight sampling sites at Tyson Research Center, an environmental field station within St. Louis County and close to the City of St. Louis, from May - July in 2019 and 2021. Ticks were pooled according to life stage and sex, grouped by year and sampling site to create 355 pools and screened by RT-qPCR for Bourbon and Heartland viruses. Overall, 14 (3.9%) and 27 (7.6%) of the pools were positive for Bourbon virus and Heartland virus respectively. In 2019, 11 and 23 pools were positive for Bourbon and Heartland viruses respectively. These positives pools were of males, females and nymphs. In 2021, there were 4 virus positive pools out of which 3 were positive for both viruses and were comprised of females and nymphs. Five out of the 8 sampling sites were positive for at least one virus. This included a site that was positive for both viruses in both years. Detection of these viruses in an area close to a relatively large metropolis presents a greater public health threat than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avan Antia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Preston Lee
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Houda Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
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Lu M, Meng C, Zhang B, Wang X, Tian J, Tang G, Wang W, Li N, Li M, Xu X, Sun Y, Duan C, Qin X, Li K. Prevalence of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia and Candidatus Lariskella in Multiple Tick Species from Guizhou Province, China. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1701. [PMID: 36421715 PMCID: PMC9688252 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rickettsiales (Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Anaplasma spp., etc.) are generally recognized as potentially emerging tick-borne pathogens. However, some bacteria and areas in China remain uninvestigated. In this study, we collected 113 ticks from mammals in Guizhou Province, Southwest China, and screened for the Rickettsiales bacteria. Subsequently, two spotted fever group Rickettsia species and one Candidatus Lariskella sp. were detected and characterized. "Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis" was detected in Rhipicephalus microplus (1/1), Haemaphysalis flava (1/3, 33.33%), Haemaphysalis kitaokai (1/3), and Ixodes sinensis (4/101, 3.96%), whereas Rickettsia monacensis was positive in H. flava (1/3), H. kitaokai (2/3), and I. sinensis ticks (74/101, 73.27%). At least two variants/sub-genotypes were identified in the R. monacensis isolates, and the strikingly high prevalence of R. monacensis may suggest a risk of human infection. Unexpectedly, a Candidatus Lariskella sp. belonging to the family Candidatus Midichloriaceae was detected from Ixodes ovatus (1/4) and I. sinensis (10/101, 9.90%). The gltA and groEL gene sequences were successfully obtained, and they show the highest (74.63-74.89% and 73.31%) similarities to "Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii", respectively. Herein, we name the species "Candidatus Lariskella guizhouensis". These may be the first recovered gltA and groEL sequences of the genus Candidatus Lariskella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chao Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Military General Hospital of Xinjiang PLA, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Junhua Tian
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Guangpeng Tang
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Wen Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China
| | - Chengyu Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China
| | - Xincheng Qin
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
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