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Qiu L, Hu M, Qin X, Song R, Sun Y, Wang X. Intracellular Regulation Limits the Response of Intestinal Ferroportin to Iron Status in Suckling Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300617. [PMID: 38366942 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Iron status is regulated via iron absorption as there is no active iron excretion. Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN) are two key proteins vital for iron absorption, but the regulation of them in suckling mammals differs from that in adults. This study aims to explore regulation of iron transporters under different iron conditions during suckling. METHODS AND RESULTS This study developed suckling rats under different iron conditions. Unexpectedly, unchanged FPN at different iron status are detected. Since FPN is the only known iron exporter for mammals, unchanged FPN limits iron exported into blood during suckling. Thus, factors regulating FPN at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels are detected. Results showed that Fpn mRNA is upregulated, while micro RNA-485(miR-485) which could silence Fpn mRNA is upregulated at low iron status limiting translation of Fpn mRNA. Besides, serum hepcidin and liver Hamp mRNA are upregulated, but ring finger protein 217( Rnf217) mRNA remained unchanged at high iron status leading to FPN not downregulated as adults. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study indicates that translational regulation limits intestinal FPN protein response to iron deficiency and Rnf217 cannot effectively mediate the degradation of FPN at high iron status, which provides a reference for maintaining iron homeostasis during suckling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qiu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengxiao Hu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiyu Qin
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Song
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, 462300, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, 462300, China
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2
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Chen Y, Jin L, Ma Y, Liu Y, Zhu Q, Huang Y, Feng W. BACH1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell metastasis through transcriptional activation of ITGA2. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:3568-3582. [PMID: 37311571 PMCID: PMC10475762 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACH1 plays an important role in promoting cancer. This study aims to further verify the relationship between the expression level of BACH1 in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis, as well as the influence of BACH1 expression on lung adenocarcinoma and the potential mechanism. The expression level of BACH1 in lung adenocarcinoma and its relationship with prognosis was evaluated by lung adenocarcinoma tissue microarray analysis combined with bioinformatics approaches. Gene knockdown and overexpression were used to investigate the functions and molecular mechanisms of BACH1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The regulatory downstream pathways and target genes of BACH1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells were explored by bioinformatics and RNA sequencing data analysis, real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and cell immunofluorescence and cell adhesion assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were carried out to verify the target gene binding site. In the present study, BACH1 is abnormally highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and high BACH1 expression is negatively correlated with patient prognosis. BACH1 promotes the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mechanistically, BACH1 directly binds to the upstream sequence of the ITGA2 promoter to promote ITGA2 expression, and the BACH1-ITGA2 axis is involved in cytoskeletal regulation in lung adenocarcinoma cells by activating the FAK-RAC1-PAK signaling pathway. Our results indicated that BACH1 positively regulates the expression of ITGA2 through a transcriptional mechanism, thereby activating the FAK-RAC1-PAK signaling pathway to participate in the formation of the cytoskeleton in tumor cells and then promoting the migration and invasion of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Longyu Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yuchao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yicai Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qianjun Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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3
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Ikeda M, Kato H, Shima H, Matsumoto M, Furukawa E, Yan Y, Liao R, Xu J, Muto A, Fujiwara T, Harigae H, Bresnick EH, Igarashi K. Heme-dependent induction of mitophagy program during differentiation of murine erythroid cells. Exp Hematol 2023; 118:21-30. [PMID: 36481429 PMCID: PMC10161131 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although establishment and maintenance of mitochondria are essential for the production of massive amounts of heme in erythroblasts, mitochondria must be degraded upon terminal differentiation to red blood cells (RBCs), thus creating a biphasic regulatory process. Previously, we reported that iron deficiency in mice promotes mitochondrial retention in RBCs, suggesting that a proper amount of iron and/or heme is necessary for the degradation of mitochondria during erythroblast maturation. Because the transcription factor GATA1 regulates autophagy in erythroid cells, which involves mitochondrial clearance (mitophagy), we investigated the relationship between iron or heme and mitophagy by analyzing the expression of genes related to GATA1 and autophagy and the impact of iron or heme restriction on the amount of mitochondria. We found that heme promotes the expression of GATA1-regulated mitophagy-related genes and the induction of mitophagy. GATA1 might induce the expression of the autophagy-related genes Atg4d and Stk11 for mitophagy through a heme-dependent mechanism in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and a genetic rescue system with G1E-ER-GATA1 erythroblast cells derived from Gata1-null murine embryonic stem cells. These results provide evidence for a biphasic mechanism in which mitochondria are essential for heme generation, and the heme generated during differentiation promotes mitophagy and mitochondrial disposal. This mechanism provides a molecular framework for understanding this fundamentally important cell biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan; Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eijiro Furukawa
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ruiqi Liao
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Jian Xu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Akihiko Muto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tohru Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
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4
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Aryankalayil MJ, Bylicky MA, Martello S, Chopra S, Sproull M, May JM, Shankardass A, MacMillan L, Vanpouille-Box C, Dalo J, Scott KMK, Norman Coleman C. Microarray analysis identifies coding and non-coding RNA markers of liver injury in whole body irradiated mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:200. [PMID: 36604457 PMCID: PMC9814510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation injury from medical, accidental, or intentional sources can induce acute and long-term hepatic dysregulation, fibrosis, and cancer. This long-term hepatic dysregulation decreases quality of life and may lead to death. Our goal in this study is to determine acute changes in biological pathways and discover potential RNA biomarkers predictive of radiation injury. We performed whole transcriptome microarray analysis of mouse liver tissue (C57BL/6 J) 48 h after whole-body irradiation with 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 Gray to identify significant expression changes in mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs, We also validated changes in specific RNAs through qRT-PCR. We used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify pathways associated with gene expression changes. We observed significant dysregulation of multiple mRNAs across all doses. In contrast, miRNA dysregulation was observed upwards of 2 Gray. The most significantly upregulated mRNAs function as tumor suppressors: Cdkn1a, Phlda3, and Eda2r. The most significantly downregulated mRNAs were involved in hemoglobin synthesis, inflammation, and mitochondrial function including multiple members of Hbb and Hba. The most significantly upregulated miRNA included: miR-34a-5p, miR-3102-5p, and miR-3960, while miR-342-3p, miR-142a-3p, and miR-223-3p were most significantly downregulated. IPA predicted activation of cell cycle checkpoint control pathways and inhibition of pathways relevant to inflammation and erythropoietin. Clarifying expression of mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA at a short time point (48 h) offers insight into potential biomarkers, including radiation markers shared across organs and animal models. This information, once validated in human models, can aid in development of bio-dosimetry biomarkers, and furthers our understanding of acute pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty J. Aryankalayil
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Michelle A. Bylicky
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Shannon Martello
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sunita Chopra
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mary Sproull
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jared M. May
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Aman Shankardass
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Laurel MacMillan
- grid.420517.50000 0004 0490 0428Gryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD 20912 USA
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Juan Dalo
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kevin M. K. Scott
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
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Harigae H. The path from stem cells to red blood cells. Int J Hematol 2022. [PMID: 35841459 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As oxygen is essential for energy production in mitochondria, a sufficient amount of oxygen should be continuously delivered to the tissues to maintain life. Therefore, the number of red blood cells which carry the oxygen is considerable, at up to 25 trillion in the body, and 2 million new red blood cells are generated per second.
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6
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Yien YY, Perfetto M. Regulation of Heme Synthesis by Mitochondrial Homeostasis Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:895521. [PMID: 35832791 PMCID: PMC9272004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.895521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme plays a central role in diverse, life-essential processes that range from ubiquitous, housekeeping pathways such as respiration, to highly cell-specific ones such as oxygen transport by hemoglobin. The regulation of heme synthesis and its utilization is highly regulated and cell-specific. In this review, we have attempted to describe how the heme synthesis machinery is regulated by mitochondrial homeostasis as a means of coupling heme synthesis to its utilization and to the metabolic requirements of the cell. We have focused on discussing the regulation of mitochondrial heme synthesis enzymes by housekeeping proteins, transport of heme intermediates, and regulation of heme synthesis by macromolecular complex formation and mitochondrial metabolism. Recently discovered mechanisms are discussed in the context of the model organisms in which they were identified, while more established work is discussed in light of technological advancements.
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7
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Nishizawa H, Yamanaka M, Igarashi K. Ferroptosis: regulation by competition between NRF2 and BACH1 and propagation of the death signal. FEBS J 2022; 290:1688-1704. [PMID: 35107212 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is triggered by a chain of intracellular labile iron-dependent peroxidation of cell membrane phospholipids. Ferroptosis is important not only as a cause of ischaemic and neurodegenerative diseases but also as a mechanism of cancer suppression, and a better understanding of its regulatory mechanism is required. It has become clear that ferroptosis is finely controlled by two oxidative stress-responsive transcription factors, NRF2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) and BACH1 (BTB and CNC homology 1). NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. In addition to this, NRF2 and BACH1 control ferroptosis through the regulation of lipid metabolism and cell differentiation. This multifaceted regulation of ferroptosis by NRF2 and BACH1 is considered to have been acquired during the evolution of multicellular organisms, allowing the utilization of ferroptosis for maintaining homeostasis, including cancer suppression. In terms of cell-cell interaction, it has been revealed that ferroptosis has the property of propagating to surrounding cells along with lipid peroxidation. The regulation of ferroptosis by NRF2 and BACH1 and the propagation phenomenon could be used to realize anticancer cell therapy in the future. In this review, these points will be summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironari Nishizawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mie Yamanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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8
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Igarashi K, Nishizawa H, Saiki Y, Matsumoto M. The transcription factor BACH1 at the crossroads of cancer biology: From epithelial-mesenchymal transition to ferroptosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101032. [PMID: 34339740 PMCID: PMC8387770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer involves not only the gradual evolution of cells by mutations in DNA but also alterations in the gene expression induced by those mutations and input from the surrounding microenvironment. Such alterations contribute to cancer cells' abilities to reprogram metabolic pathways and undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which facilitate the survival of cancer cells and their metastasis to other organs. Recently, BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), a heme-regulated transcription factor that represses genes involved in iron and heme metabolism in normal cells, was shown to shape the metabolism and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The growing list of BACH1 target genes in cancer cells reveals that BACH1 promotes metastasis by regulating various sets of genes beyond iron metabolism. BACH1 represses the expression of genes that mediate cell–cell adhesion and oxidative phosphorylation but activates the expression of genes required for glycolysis, cell motility, and matrix protein degradation. Furthermore, BACH1 represses FOXA1 gene encoding an activator of epithelial genes and activates SNAI2 encoding a repressor of epithelial genes, forming a feedforward loop of EMT. By synthesizing these observations, we propose a “two-faced BACH1 model”, which accounts for the dynamic switching between metastasis and stress resistance along with cancer progression. We discuss here the possibility that BACH1-mediated promotion of cancer also brings increased sensitivity to iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) through crosstalk of BACH1 target genes, imposing programmed vulnerability upon cancer cells. We also discuss the future directions of this field, including the dynamics and plasticity of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hironari Nishizawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuriko Saiki
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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9
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Rondelli CM, Perfetto M, Danoff A, Bergonia H, Gillis S, O'Neill L, Jackson L, Nicolas G, Puy H, West R, Phillips JD, Yien YY. The ubiquitous mitochondrial protein unfoldase CLPX regulates erythroid heme synthesis by control of iron utilization and heme synthesis enzyme activation and turnover. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100972. [PMID: 34280433 PMCID: PMC8361296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme plays a critical role in catalyzing life-essential redox reactions in all cells, and its synthesis must be tightly balanced with cellular requirements. Heme synthesis in eukaryotes is tightly regulated by the mitochondrial AAA+ unfoldase CLPX (caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X), which promotes heme synthesis by activation of δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS/Hem1) in yeast and regulates turnover of ALAS1 in human cells. However, the specific mechanisms by which CLPX regulates heme synthesis are unclear. In this study, we interrogated the mechanisms by which CLPX regulates heme synthesis in erythroid cells. Quantitation of enzyme activity and protein degradation showed that ALAS2 stability and activity were both increased in the absence of CLPX, suggesting that CLPX primarily regulates ALAS2 by control of its turnover, rather than its activation. However, we also showed that CLPX is required for PPOX (protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase) activity and maintenance of FECH (ferrochelatase) levels, which are the terminal enzymes in heme synthesis, likely accounting for the heme deficiency and porphyrin accumulation observed in Clpx−/− cells. Lastly, CLPX is required for iron utilization for hemoglobin synthesis during erythroid differentiation. Collectively, our data show that the role of CLPX in yeast ALAS/Hem1 activation is not conserved in vertebrates as vertebrates rely on CLPX to regulate ALAS turnover as well as PPOX and FECH activity. Our studies reveal that CLPX mutations may cause anemia and porphyria via dysregulation of ALAS, FECH, and PPOX activities, as well as of iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Rondelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Mark Perfetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aidan Danoff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Hector Bergonia
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samantha Gillis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Leah O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Laurie Jackson
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Herve Puy
- Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, APHP, Colombes, France
| | - Richard West
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - John D Phillips
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yvette Y Yien
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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10
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Grzywa TM, Nowis D, Golab J. The role of CD71 + erythroid cells in the regulation of the immune response. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107927. [PMID: 34171326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex regulation of the immune response is necessary to support effective defense of an organism against hostile invaders and to maintain tolerance to harmless microorganisms and autoantigens. Recent studies revealed previously unappreciated roles of CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) in regulation of the immune response. CECs physiologically reside in the bone marrow where erythropoiesis takes place. Under stress conditions, CECs are enriched in some organs outside of the bone marrow as a result of extramedullary erythropoiesis. However, the role of CECs goes well beyond the production of erythrocytes. In neonates, increased numbers of CECs contribute to their vulnerability to infectious diseases. On the other side, neonatal CECs suppress activation of immune cells in response to abrupt colonization with commensal microorganisms after delivery. CECs are also enriched in the peripheral blood of pregnant women as well as in the placenta and are responsible for the regulation of feto-maternal tolerance. In patients with cancer, anemia leads to increased frequency of CECs in the peripheral blood contributing to diminished antiviral and antibacterial immunity, as well as to accelerated cancer progression. Moreover, recent studies revealed the role of CECs in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. CECs use a full arsenal of mechanisms to regulate immune response. These cells suppress proinflammatory responses of myeloid cells and T-cell proliferation by the depletion of ʟ-arginine by arginase. Moreover, CECs produce reactive oxygen species to decrease T-cell proliferation. CECs also secrete cytokines, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which promotes T-cell differentiation into regulatory T-cells. Here, we comprehensively describe the role of CECs in orchestrating immune response and indicate some therapeutic approaches that might be used to regulate their effector functions in the treatment of human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki and Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Centre of Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Gammella E, Correnti M, Cairo G, Recalcati S. Iron Availability in Tissue Microenvironment: The Key Role of Ferroportin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062986. [PMID: 33804198 PMCID: PMC7999357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Body iron levels are regulated by hepcidin, a liver-derived peptide that exerts its function by controlling the presence of ferroportin (FPN), the sole cellular iron exporter, on the cell surface. Hepcidin binding leads to FPN internalization and degradation, thereby inhibiting iron release, in particular from iron-absorbing duodenal cells and macrophages involved in iron recycling. Disruption in this regulatory mechanism results in a variety of disorders associated with iron-deficiency or overload. In recent years, increasing evidence has emerged to indicate that, in addition to its role in systemic iron metabolism, FPN may play an important function in local iron control, such that its dysregulation may lead to tissue damage despite unaltered systemic iron homeostasis. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries to discuss the role of FPN-mediated iron export in the microenvironment under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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12
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Grzywa TM, Justyniarska M, Nowis D, Golab J. Tumor Immune Evasion Induced by Dysregulation of Erythroid Progenitor Cells Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:870. [PMID: 33669537 PMCID: PMC7922079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells harness normal cells to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Within this complex network of interactions, the establishment and maintenance of immune evasion mechanisms are crucial for cancer progression. The escape from the immune surveillance results from multiple independent mechanisms. Recent studies revealed that besides well-described myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or regulatory T-cells (Tregs), erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the regulation of immune response and tumor progression. EPCs are immature erythroid cells that differentiate into oxygen-transporting red blood cells. They expand in the extramedullary sites, including the spleen, as well as infiltrate tumors. EPCs in cancer produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and potently suppress T-cells. Thus, EPCs regulate antitumor, antiviral, and antimicrobial immunity, leading to immune suppression. Moreover, EPCs promote tumor growth by the secretion of growth factors, including artemin. The expansion of EPCs in cancer is an effect of the dysregulation of erythropoiesis, leading to the differentiation arrest and enrichment of early-stage EPCs. Therefore, anemia treatment, targeting ineffective erythropoiesis, and the promotion of EPC differentiation are promising strategies to reduce cancer-induced immunosuppression and the tumor-promoting effects of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Justyniarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
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Tougan T, Itagaki S, Toya Y, Uchihashi K, Horii T. Implementation of a red blood cell-optical (RBO) channel for detection of latent iron deficiency anaemia by automated measurement of autofluorescence-emitting red blood cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15605. [PMID: 32973246 PMCID: PMC7518259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder worldwide. The automated haematology analyser XN-30 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) was developed to detect malaria-infected red blood cells (RBCs) in human blood samples using flow cytometry. The optical system of the analyser detects autofluorescence (AF)-emitting RBCs containing iron-deficient haem groups and would aid in the diagnosis of anaemia resulting from iron deficiency. Here, an RBC-optical (RBO) channel was devised and implemented on the analyser. In vitro analyses showed that the analyser detected AF-emitting RBCs treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid. Furthermore, the analyser detected AF-emitting RBCs in mice fed a low iron diet and infected with a rodent malaria parasite; it could also be effectively used in humans. This study demonstrates that the analyser can quantitatively and reproducibly detect AF-emitting RBCs and measure other haematological parameters, suggesting its usefulness for the initial evaluation of latent iron deficiency anaemia in conjunction with the diagnosis of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tougan
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Sawako Itagaki
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Toya
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Kinya Uchihashi
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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14
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Tonai S, Kawabata A, Nakanishi T, Lee JY, Okamoto A, Shimada M, Yamashita Y. Iron deficiency induces female infertile in order to failure of follicular development in mice. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:475-483. [PMID: 32713881 PMCID: PMC7593635 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is important for many cellular functions, including ATP synthesis and cell proliferation. Insufficient of iron in the diet causes iron deficiency anemia
(IDA), which often occurs in people living in the world. Since 50% of women with IDA show amenorrhea, the relationship of between iron deficiency and
reproductive function was assessed using mice fed a low Fe diet (LFD). The estrous cycle in the LFD mice was blocked at diestrus, which impair follicle
development, and fertility. Further, even LFD mice were injected with exogenous pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), follicular development was ceased at
the secondary follicle stage, and preovulatory follicles were not observed. Amount of ATP decreased in the ovary of the LFD mice, and expression of follicle
development markers (Fshr, Cyp19a1, Ccnd2) and estradiol-17β (E2) was low level compared to levels mice fed a
normal diet. Feeding a normal diet with sufficient iron to the LFD mice for an additional 3 weeks completely reversed absence the effects of iron insufficient
on the estrous cycle and infertility. Thus, iron restriction depresses ovary functions, especially follicular development from secondary follicle to antral
follicles and infertility. These effects are fully reversible by supplementation of a normal diet containing iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tonai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Akane Kawabata
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Joo Yeon Lee
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Asako Okamoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan.,Department of Comparative Animal Science, College of Life Science, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, Okayama 712-8505, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamashita
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and the transcription factor BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) and their clinicopathological significance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Subjects and Methods MALAT1 and BACH1 were detected by immunohistochemistry using TNBC tissue microarrays of 240 patients. The association between MALAT1 and BACH1 expression levels was statistically analyzed. Moreover, the prognostic roles as well as clinical and pathological significance of MALAT1 and BACH1 expression in TNBC were determined. Statistical Analysis Used Two-tailed Pearson correlation was used to examine the correlation of BACH1 and MALA1 expression. Comparisons of clinicopathological variables between different BACH1 and MALA1 expression groups were performed using χ2 tests. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves were plotted with the Kaplan-Meier method and the differences in OS and DFS between three groups were compared by the log-rank test. Multiple comparisons were performed using χ2 tests for subsequent individual group comparisons. Results MALAT1 and BACH1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor-node-metastasis stage, distant metastasis, pathological stage, and survival outcomes of patients. Patients with high MALAT1 and BACH1 expression exhibited shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusions These findings provide further insight into the expression pattern of MALAT1 and BACH1 in TNBC and suggest them as prognostic biomarkers for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Ou
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanfeng Gao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiheban Bazhabayi
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangsheng Xiao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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16
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Duvigneau JC, Esterbauer H, Kozlov AV. Role of Heme Oxygenase as a Modulator of Heme-Mediated Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100475. [PMID: 31614577 PMCID: PMC6827082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) system is essential for heme and iron homeostasis and necessary for adaptation to cell stress. HO degrades heme to biliverdin (BV), carbon monoxide (CO) and ferrous iron. Although mostly beneficial, the HO reaction can also produce deleterious effects, predominantly attributed to excessive product formation. Underrated so far is, however, that HO may exert effects additionally via modulation of the cellular heme levels. Heme, besides being an often-quoted generator of oxidative stress, plays also an important role as a signaling molecule. Heme controls the anti-oxidative defense, circadian rhythms, activity of ion channels, glucose utilization, erythropoiesis, and macrophage function. This broad spectrum of effects depends on its interaction with proteins ranging from transcription factors to enzymes. In degrading heme, HO has the potential to exert effects also via modulation of heme-mediated pathways. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of pathways regulated by heme to enlarge the view on HO and its role in cell physiology. We will further highlight the contribution of HO to pathophysiology, which results from a dysregulated balance between heme and the degradation products formed by HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Nikonorova IA, Zhu Q, Signore CC, Mirek ET, Jonsson WO, Kong B, Guo GL, Belden WJ, Anthony TG. Age modulates liver responses to asparaginase-induced amino acid stress in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13864-13875. [PMID: 31413113 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase is an amino acid-depleting agent used to treat blood cancers. Metabolic complications due to asparaginase affect liver function in humans. To examine how the liver response to asparaginase changes during maturity to adulthood, here we treated juvenile (2-week), young adult (8-week), and mature adult (16-week) mice with drug or excipient for 1 week and conducted RNA-Seq and functional analyses. Asparaginase reduced body growth and liver mass in juveniles but not in the adult animals. Unbiased exploration of the effect of asparaginase on the liver transcriptome revealed that the integrated stress response (ISR) was the only molecular signature shared across the ages, corroborating similar eukaryotic initiation factor 2 phosphorylation responses to asparaginase at all ages. Juvenile livers exhibited steatosis and iron accumulation following asparaginase exposure along with a hepatic gene signature indicating that asparaginase uniquely affects lipid, cholesterol, and iron metabolism in juvenile mice. In contrast, asparaginase-treated adult mice displayed greater variability in liver function, which correlated with an acute-phase inflammatory response gene signature. Asparaginase-exposed adults also had a serine/glycine/one-carbon metabolism gene signature in liver that corresponded with reduced circulating glycine and serine levels. These results establish the ISR as a conserved response to asparaginase-mediated amino acid deprivation and provide new insights into the relationship between the liver transcriptome and hepatic function upon asparaginase exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna A Nikonorova
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Christina C Signore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Emily T Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - William O Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - William J Belden
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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18
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Kato H, Igarashi K. To be red or white: lineage commitment and maintenance of the hematopoietic system by the "inner myeloid". Haematologica 2019; 104:1919-1927. [PMID: 31515352 PMCID: PMC6886412 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.216861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is tightly regulated depending on environmental changes in order to maintain homeostasis. Transcription factors direct the development of hematopoietic cells, such as GATA-1 for erythropoiesis and PU.1 for myelopoiesis. However, recent findings obtained from single-cell analyses raise the question of whether these transcription factors are "initiators" or just "executors" of differentiation, leaving the initiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation (i.e. lineage commitment) unclear. While a stochastic process is likely involved in commitment, it cannot fully explain the homeostasis of hematopoiesis nor "on-demand" hematopoiesis in response to environmental changes. Transcription factors BACH1 and BACH2 may regulate both commitment and on-demand hematopoiesis because they control erythroid-myeloid and lymphoid-myeloid differentiation by repressing the myeloid program, and their activities are repressed in response to infectious and inflammatory conditions. We summarize possible mechanisms of lineage commitment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells suggested by recent findings and discuss the erythroid and lymphoid commitment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, focusing on the gene regulatory network composed of genes encoding key transcription factors. Surprising similarity exists between commitment to erythroid and lymphoid lineages, including repression of the myeloid program by BACH factors. The suggested gene regulatory network of BACH factors sheds light on the myeloid-based model of hematopoiesis. This model will help to understand the tuning of hematopoiesis in higher eukaryotes in the steady-state condition as well as in emergency conditions, the evolutional history of the system, aging and hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kato
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Present address, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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19
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Santana-Codina N, Gableske S, Quiles del Rey M, Małachowska B, Jedrychowski MP, Biancur DE, Schmidt PJ, Fleming MD, Fendler W, Harper JW, Kimmelman AC, Mancias JD. NCOA4 maintains murine erythropoiesis via cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Haematologica 2019; 104:1342-1354. [PMID: 30630985 PMCID: PMC6601094 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.204123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ncoa4 mediates autophagic degradation of ferritin, the cytosolic iron storage complex, to maintain intracellular iron homeostasis. Recent evidence also supports a role for Ncoa4 in systemic iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis. However, the specific contribution and temporal importance of Ncoa4-mediated ferritinophagy in regulating systemic iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis is unclear. Here, we show that Ncoa4 has a critical role in basal systemic iron homeostasis and both cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles in murine erythropoiesis. Using an inducible murine model of Ncoa4 knockout, acute systemic disruption of Ncoa4 impaired systemic iron homeostasis leading to tissue ferritin and iron accumulation, a decrease in serum iron, and anemia. Mice acutely depleted of Ncoa4 engaged the Hif2a-erythropoietin system to compensate for anemia. Mice with targeted deletion of Ncoa4 specifically in the erythroid compartment developed a pronounced anemia in the immediate postnatal stage, a mild hypochromic microcytic anemia at adult stages, and were more sensitive to hemolysis with higher requirements for the Hif2a-erythropoietin axis and extramedullary erythropoiesis during recovery. These studies demonstrate the importance of Ncoa4-mediated ferritinophagy as a regulator of systemic iron homeostasis and define the relative cell autonomous and non-autonomous contributions of Ncoa4 in supporting erythropoiesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Santana-Codina
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Gableske
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Quiles del Rey
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beata Małachowska
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas E Biancur
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Mancias
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Demanded as an essential trace element that supports cell growth and basic functions, iron can be harmful and cancerogenic though. By exchanging between its different oxidized forms, iron overload induces free radical formation, lipid peroxidation, DNA, and protein damages, leading to carcinogenesis or ferroptosis. Iron also plays profound roles in modulating tumor microenvironment and metastasis, maintaining genomic stability and controlling epigenetics. in order to meet the high requirement of iron, neoplastic cells have remodeled iron metabolism pathways, including acquisition, storage, and efflux, which makes manipulating iron homeostasis a considerable approach for cancer therapy. Several iron chelators and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has recently been developed for cancer intervention and presented considerable effects. This review summarizes some latest findings about iron metabolism function and regulation mechanism in cancer and the application of iron chelators and IONPs in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lei Yu
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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21
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The stress responsive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2, or NRF2, regulates the expression of many cytoprotective enzymes to mitigate oxidative stress under physiological conditions. NRF2 is activated in response to oxidative stress, growth factor signaling, and changes in nutrient status. In addition, somatic mutations that disrupt the interaction between NRF2 and its negative regulator Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated 1 (KEAP1) commonly occur in cancer and are thought to promote tumorigenesis. Recent Advances: While it is well established that aberrant NRF2 activation results in enhanced antioxidant capacity in cancer cells, recent exciting findings demonstrate a role for NRF2-mediated metabolic deregulation that supports cancer cell proliferation. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we describe how the NRF2-KEAP1 signaling pathway is altered in cancer, how NRF2 is regulated by changes in cellular metabolism, and how NRF2 reprograms cellular metabolism to support proliferation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies will delineate the NRF2-regulated processes critical for metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability, cellular proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Bom Lee
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, Florida
| | - Brianna N Sellers
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, Florida
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, Florida
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