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Nicolas G. Lessons from genetic studies in Alzheimer disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024:S0035-3787(24)00290-X. [PMID: 38429159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Research on Alzheimer disease (AD) genetics has provided critical advances to the knowledge of AD pathophysiological mechanisms. The etiology of AD can be divided into monogenic (autosomal dominant inheritance) and complex (multifactorial determinism). In monogenic AD, recent advances mainly concern mutation-associated mechanisms, presymptomatic clinical studies, and the search for modifiers of ages of onset that are still ongoing. In complex AD, genetic factors can be further categorized into three classes: (i) the APOE-ɛ4 and ɛ2 common alleles that represent a category by themselves as they are both common and with a strong impact on AD risk; (ii) common variants with a modest effect, identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS); and (iii) rare variants with a moderate-to-strong effect, identified in case-control sequencing studies. Regarding APOE, odds ratios, available in multiple ethnicities, can now be converted into penetrance curves, although such curves remain to be performed in diverse ethnicities. In addition, advances in the understanding of mechanisms have been recently reported and rare APOE variants add to the complexity. In the GWAS category, novel loci have been discovered thanks to larger studies, doubling the number of hits as compared to the previous reference meta-analysis. However, such modest risk factors cannot be used in the clinic, neither individually, nor in genetic risk scores. In the category of rare variants, two novel genes, ABCA1 and ATP8B4 now add to the three main ones, TREM2, SORL1, and ABCA7. The study of such rare variants suggests oligogenic inheritance in some families, as also suggested by digenic penetrance curves for SORL1 loss-of-function variants with APOE-ɛ4. Cumulate frequencies of definite (so-called) rare risk factors are 2.3% to 3.6% (depending on thresholds on odds ratios) in control databases and many more remain to be classified and identified, showing how important these risk factors may be as part of the complex determinism of AD. A better understanding of these rare risk factors and their combined effects on each other, with common variants, and with environmental factors, should allow for a prediction of AD risk and, eventually, preventive medicine. Taken together, most genetic determinants of AD, in monogenic and in complex forms, point toward the aggregation of Aβ as a pivotal triggering factor, such that targeting it may be efficient as prevention in at-risk individuals. The role of neuroinflammation, microglia, and Tau pathology modulation are important sources of research for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nicolas
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, 76000 Rouen, France.
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Gokce-Samar Z, Vetro A, De Bellescize J, Pisano T, Monteiro L, Penaud N, Korff CM, Fluss J, Marini C, Cesaroni E, Alvarez BM, Sanlaville D, Chatron N, Arzimanoglou AA, Labalme A, Cuddapah VA, Ruggiero SM, Lecoquierre F, Nicolas G, Marie GA, Lebas A, Testard HO, Helbig KL, Ruiz A, Ngoh A, Kurian MA, Reid K, Spaull R, Joset P, Ramantani G, Steindl K, Krenn M, Gerstl L, Vieker S, Craiu D, Pendziwiat M, Haldeman-Englert C, Kanivets I, Romanova I, Rajan DS, Rosenfeld JA, Au M, Grand K, Graham J, Isapof A, Villeneuve N, Smol T, Caumes R, Zacher P, Neuser S, Tinschert S, Platzer K, Bartolomaeus T, Mohnke I, Radtke M, Jamra RA, Helbig I, Jansen FE, Koop K, Rudolf G, Küry S, Courchet J, Guerrini R, Lesca G. Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of the RORB-Related Disorder. Neurology 2024; 102:e207945. [PMID: 38165337 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Heterozygous variants in RAR-related orphan receptor B (RORB) have recently been associated with susceptibility to idiopathic generalized epilepsy. However, few reports have been published so far describing pathogenic variants of this gene in patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID). In this study, we aimed to delineate the epilepsy phenotype associated with RORB pathogenic variants and to provide arguments in favor of the pathogenicity of variants. METHODS Through an international collaboration, we analyzed seizure characteristics, EEG data, and genotypes of a cohort of patients with heterozygous variants in RORB. To gain insight into disease mechanisms, we performed ex vivo cortical electroporation in mouse embryos of 5 selected variants, 2 truncating and 3 missense, and evaluated on expression and quantified changes in axonal morphology. RESULTS We identified 35 patients (17 male, median age 10 years, range 2.5-23 years) carrying 32 different heterozygous variants in RORB, including 28 single-nucleotide variants or small insertions/deletions (12 missense, 12 frameshift or nonsense, 2 splice-site variants, and 2 in-frame deletions), and 4 microdeletions; de novo in 18 patients and inherited in 10. Seizures were reported in 31/35 (89%) patients, with a median age at onset of 3 years (range 4 months-12 years). Absence seizures occurred in 25 patients with epilepsy (81%). Nineteen patients experienced a single seizure type: absences, myoclonic absences, or absences with eyelid myoclonia and focal seizures. Nine patients had absence seizures combined with other generalized seizure types. One patient had presented with absences associated with photosensitive occipital seizures. Three other patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures without absences. ID of variable degree was observed in 85% of the patients. Expression studies in cultured neurons showed shorter axons for the 5 tested variants, both truncating and missense variants, supporting an impaired protein function. DISCUSSION In most patients, the phenotype of the RORB-related disorder associates absence seizures with mild-to-moderate ID. In silico and in vitro evaluation of the variants in our cohort, including axonal morphogenetic experiments in cultured neurons, supports their pathogenicity, showing a hypomorphic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Gokce-Samar
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Julitta De Bellescize
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Laloe Monteiro
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Noémie Penaud
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Christian M Korff
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Joel Fluss
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Carla Marini
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Elisabetta Cesaroni
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Blanca Mercedes Alvarez
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Nicolas Chatron
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Alexis A Arzimanoglou
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Audrey Labalme
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Vishnu A Cuddapah
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Sarah M Ruggiero
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Francois Lecoquierre
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Guerrot Anne Marie
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Axel Lebas
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Herve O Testard
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Anna Ruiz
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Adeline Ngoh
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Manju A Kurian
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Kimberley Reid
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Robert Spaull
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Pascal Joset
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Georgia Ramantani
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Katharina Steindl
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Martin Krenn
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Lucia Gerstl
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Silvia Vieker
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Dana Craiu
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Chad Haldeman-Englert
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Ilya Kanivets
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Irina Romanova
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Deepa S Rajan
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Margaret Au
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Katheryn Grand
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - John Graham
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Arnaud Isapof
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Nathalie Villeneuve
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Roseline Caumes
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Pia Zacher
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Sonja Neuser
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Konrad Platzer
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Tobias Bartolomaeus
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Ines Mohnke
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Maximilian Radtke
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Ingo Helbig
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Floortje E Jansen
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Klaas Koop
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Sebastien Küry
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
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Cintas P, Bouhour F, Cauquil C, Masingue M, Tard C, Sacconi S, Delmont E, Choumert A, Chanson JB, Michaud M, Solé G, Cassereau J, Noury JB, Nicolas G, Bellance R, Péréon Y, Camdessanché JP, Magy L, Attarian S. Current clinical management of CIDP with immunoglobulins in France: An expert opinion. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:914-922. [PMID: 37019741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment strategies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) must be adapted on a case-to-case basis. Validated and reproducible tools for monitoring treatment response are required at diagnosis, when initiating treatment and throughout follow-up. A task force of French neurologists, experts in neuromuscular disease reference centers, was assembled to provide expert advice on the management of typical CIDP with intravenous immunoglobulins (Ig), and to harmonize treatment practices in public and private hospitals. The task force also referred to the practical experience of treating CIDP with Ig at the diagnostic, induction and follow-up stages, including the assessment and management of Ig dependence, and following the recommendations of the French health agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cintas
- Service de neurologie, CHU de Toulouse Purpan, centre de référence de pathologies neuromusculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - F Bouhour
- Service d'ENMG et de pathologies neuromusculaires, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique, Lyon, France
| | - C Cauquil
- Service de neurologie, AP-HP Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - M Masingue
- Service de neuromyologie, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - C Tard
- Unité d'expertise cognitivo-motrice, U1172, service de neurologie, CHU de Lille, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Lille, France
| | - S Sacconi
- Système nerveux périphérique et muscle, CHU de Nice, université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - E Delmont
- Service de neurologie, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires et SLA, hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - A Choumert
- Service des maladies neurologiques rares, CHU de la Réunion, groupe hospitalier Sud Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - J-B Chanson
- Service de neurologie, CHRU Strasbourg, centre de référence neuromusculaire Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Michaud
- Service de neurologie, CHU de Nancy, hôpital Central, Nancy, France
| | - G Solé
- Service de neurologie et maladies neuromusculaires, CHU de Bordeaux, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires AOC, hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Cassereau
- CHU d'Angers, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires AOC, Angers, France
| | - J-B Noury
- Inserm, LBAI, UMR1227, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires AOC, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - G Nicolas
- Service de neurologie, centre de référence neuromusculaire Nord-Est/Île-de-France , Université UVSQ Paris-Saclay, hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - R Bellance
- CeRCa, site constitutif de centre de référence caribéen des maladies neuromusculaires rares, CHU de Martinique, hôpital P. Zobda-Quitman, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Y Péréon
- Explorations fonctionnelles, Filnemus, Euro-NMD, Nantes université, CHU de Nantes, centre de référence AOC, Nantes, France
| | - J-P Camdessanché
- Service de neurologie, CHU de Saint-Étienne, hôpital Nord, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - L Magy
- Service et laboratoire de neurologie, centre de référence neuropathies périphériques rares, NNerf, UR 20218 NeurIT, CHU de Limoges, hôpital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - S Attarian
- Service de neurologie, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires et SLA, hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France.
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Le Guen Y, Luo G, Ambati A, Damotte V, Jansen I, Yu E, Nicolas A, de Rojas I, Peixoto Leal T, Miyashita A, Bellenguez C, Lian MM, Parveen K, Morizono T, Park H, Grenier-Boley B, Naito T, Küçükali F, Talyansky SD, Yogeshwar SM, Sempere V, Satake W, Alvarez V, Arosio B, Belloy ME, Benussi L, Boland A, Borroni B, Bullido MJ, Caffarra P, Clarimon J, Daniele A, Darling D, Debette S, Deleuze JF, Dichgans M, Dufouil C, During E, Düzel E, Galimberti D, Garcia-Ribas G, García-Alberca JM, García-González P, Giedraitis V, Goldhardt O, Graff C, Grünblatt E, Hanon O, Hausner L, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Holstege H, Hort J, Jung YJ, Jürgen D, Kern S, Kuulasmaa T, Lee KH, Lin L, Masullo C, Mecocci P, Mehrabian S, de Mendonça A, Boada M, Mir P, Moebus S, Moreno F, Nacmias B, Nicolas G, Niida S, Nordestgaard BG, Papenberg G, Papma J, Parnetti L, Pasquier F, Pastor P, Peters O, Pijnenburg YAL, Piñol-Ripoll G, Popp J, Porcel LM, Puerta R, Pérez-Tur J, Rainero I, Ramakers I, Real LM, Riedel-Heller S, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Ross OA, Luís Royo J, Rujescu D, Scarmeas N, Scheltens P, Scherbaum N, Schneider A, Seripa D, Skoog I, Solfrizzi V, Spalletta G, Squassina A, van Swieten J, Sánchez-Valle R, Tan EK, Tegos T, Teunissen C, Thomassen JQ, Tremolizzo L, Vyhnalek M, Verhey F, Waern M, Wiltfang J, Zhang J, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, He Z, Williams J, Amouyel P, Jessen F, Kehoe PG, Andreassen OA, Van Duin C, Tsolaki M, Sánchez-Juan P, Frikke-Schmidt R, Sleegers K, Toda T, Zettergren A, Ingelsson M, Okada Y, Rossi G, Hiltunen M, Gim J, Ozaki K, Sims R, Foo JN, van der Flier W, Ikeuchi T, Ramirez A, Mata I, Ruiz A, Gan-Or Z, Lambert JC, Greicius MD, Mignot E. Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302720120. [PMID: 37643212 PMCID: PMC10483635 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302720120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Paris75013, France
| | - Guo Luo
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Aditya Ambati
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Iris Jansen
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montreal, QuebecH3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Aude Nicolas
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Thiago Peixoto Leal
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland44196, OH
| | - Akinori Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata950-218, Japan
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Michelle Mulan Lian
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore308232, Singapore
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore138672, Singapore
| | - Kayenat Parveen
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne50937, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn53127, Germany
| | - Takashi Morizono
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu474-8511, Japan
| | - Hyeonseul Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Korea
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Tatsuhiko Naito
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo192-0982, Japan
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born–Bunge, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2000, Belgium
| | - Seth D. Talyansky
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Selina Maria Yogeshwar
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
- Department of Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Berlin10117, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
| | - Vicente Sempere
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Wataru Satake
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo192-0982, Japan
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo33011, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo33011, Spain
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan20122, Italy
| | - Michael E. Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia25125, Italy
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry91057, France
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia25123, Italy
| | - María J. Bullido
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid48903, Spain
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Unit of Neurology, University of Parma and AOU, Parma43121, Italy
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome00168, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome00168, Italy
| | - Daniel Darling
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux33000, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux33400, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry91057, France
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich37075, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Carole Dufouil
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux33405, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pole santé publique, Bordeaux33400, France
| | - Emmanuel During
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg39106, Germany
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan20122, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan20122, Italy
| | | | - José María García-Alberca
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Alzheimer Research Center and Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, Málaga29012, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala751 22, Sweden
- Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala751 22, Sweden
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum recs der Isar, Munich80333, Germany
| | - Caroline Graff
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm171 64, Swdeen
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich8032, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hanon
- Université de Paris, EA 4468, APHP, Hôpital Broca, Paris75013, France
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim, Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg68159, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn53127, Germany
| | - Henne Holstege
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Hort
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague150 06, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Deckert Jürgen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg97080, Germany
| | - Silke Kern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg405 30, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg413 45, Sweden
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Eastern Finland80101, Finland
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
- Gwangju Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu41062, Republic of Korea
- Neurozen Inc., Seoul06236, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Lin
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome20123, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Clinic of Neurology, UH “Alexandrovska”, Medical University–Sofia, Sofia1431, Bulgaria
| | | | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville41013, Spain
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen45147, Germany
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian20014, Spain
- Neurosciences Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastian20014, Spain
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health University of Florence, Florence50121, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence20162, Italy
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, RouenF-76000, France
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu474-8511, Japan
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev Gentofte, Copenhagen2730, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen1172, Denmark
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm171 77, Sweden
| | - Janne Papma
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam3000, The Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Université de Lille, Inserm 1172, CHU Clinical and Research Memory Research Centre of Distalz, Lille59000, France
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona08221, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona08221, Spain
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin37075, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin12203, Germany
| | - Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida25198, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida, Lleida25198, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- Department of Psychiatry, Old Age Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne1005, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Zürich8032, Switzerland
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich8952, Switzerland
| | - Laura Molina Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank–Biobanc- Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona08036, Spain
- Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona08036, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia46010, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Neurologia Genètica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia46026, Spain
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Torino10126, Italy
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychologie, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht6229 GS, The Netherlands
| | - Luis M. Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla41014, Spain
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga29010, Spain
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig04109, Germany
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander39011, Spain
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville32224, FL
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville32224, FL
| | - Jose Luís Royo
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga29010, Spain
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Department of Neurology, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York10032, NY
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens106 79, Greece
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147Duisberg, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), 37075Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn53127, Germany
| | - Davide Seripa
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, Laboratory for Advanced Hematological Diagnostics, Lecce73100, Italy
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg405 30, Sweden
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg405 30, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Interdisciry Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari “A. Moro, Bari70121, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome00179, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari09124, Italy
| | - John van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam3000CA, Netherlands
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona08036, Spain
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore308433, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore169857, Singapore
| | - Thomas Tegos
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical school, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki541 24, Greece
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Jesper Qvist Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology, "San Gerardo" hospital, Monza and University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza20900, Italy
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychologie, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht6229 GS, Netherlands
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg431 41, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg413 45, Sweden
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen37075, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), Goettingen37075, Germany
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro3810-193, Portugal
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, MölndalSE-43180, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, MölndalSE-43180, Sweden
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Julie Williams
- UKDRI@Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, WalesCF14 4YS, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff WalesCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), 37075Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne50937, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
| | - Patrick G. Kehoe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo0450, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelia Van Duin
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health Oxford University, OxfordOX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical school, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki541 24, Greece
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen1172, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born–Bunge, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2000, Belgium
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo192-0982, Japan
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg431 41, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala751 22, Sweden
- Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala751 22, Sweden
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, TorontoM5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, TorontoM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita565-0871, Japan
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Eastern Finland80101, Finland
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Korea
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
- Gwangju Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu474-8511, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, WalesCF14 4YS, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore308232, Singapore
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore138672, Singapore
| | - Wiesje van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata950-218, Japan
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne50937, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn53127, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), 37075Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio78229, TX
| | - Ignacio Mata
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland44196, OH
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montreal, QuebecH3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Michael D. Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
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Luo J, Thomassen JQ, Bellenguez C, Grenier-Boley B, de Rojas I, Castillo A, Parveen K, Küçükali F, Nicolas A, Peters O, Schneider A, Dichgans M, Rujescu D, Scherbaum N, Jürgen D, Riedel-Heller S, Hausner L, Porcel LM, Düzel E, Grimmer T, Wiltfang J, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Moebus S, Tegos T, Scarmeas N, Clarimon J, Moreno F, Pérez-Tur J, Bullido MJ, Pastor P, Sánchez-Valle R, Álvarez V, Boada M, García-González P, Puerta R, Mir P, Real LM, Piñol-Ripoll G, García-Alberca JM, Royo JL, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Soininen H, Kuulasmaa T, de Mendonça A, Mehrabian S, Hort J, Vyhnalek M, van der Lee S, Graff C, Papenberg G, Giedraitis V, Boland A, Bacq-Daian D, Deleuze JF, Nicolas G, Dufouil C, Pasquier F, Hanon O, Debette S, Grünblatt E, Popp J, Benussi L, Galimberti D, Arosio B, Mecocci P, Solfrizzi V, Parnetti L, Squassina A, Tremolizzo L, Borroni B, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Caffarra P, Seripa D, Rainero I, Daniele A, Masullo C, Spalletta G, Williams J, Amouyel P, Jessen F, Kehoe P, Tsolaki M, Rossi G, Sánchez-Juan P, Sleegers K, Ingelsson M, Andreassen OA, Hiltunen M, Van Duijn C, Sims R, van der Flier W, Ruiz A, Ramirez A, Lambert JC, Frikke-Schmidt R. Genetic Associations Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2313734. [PMID: 37195665 PMCID: PMC10193187 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance An estimated 40% of dementia is potentially preventable by modifying 12 risk factors throughout the life course. However, robust evidence for most of these risk factors is lacking. Effective interventions should target risk factors in the causal pathway to dementia. Objective To comprehensively disentangle potentially causal aspects of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) to inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention. Design, Setting, and Participants This genetic association study was conducted using 2-sample univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization. Independent genetic variants associated with modifiable risk factors were selected as instrumental variables from genomic consortia. Outcome data for AD were obtained from the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), generated on August 31, 2021. Main analyses were conducted using the EADB clinically diagnosed end point data. All analyses were performed between April 12 and October 27, 2022. Exposures Genetically determined modifiable risk factors. Main Outcomes and Measures Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for AD were calculated per 1-unit change of genetically determined risk factors. Results The EADB-diagnosed cohort included 39 106 participants with clinically diagnosed AD and 401 577 control participants without AD. The mean age ranged from 72 to 83 years for participants with AD and 51 to 80 years for control participants. Among participants with AD, 54% to 75% were female, and among control participants, 48% to 60% were female. Genetically determined high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased odds of AD (OR per 1-SD increase, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05-1.16]). Genetically determined high systolic blood pressure was associated with increased risk of AD after adjusting for diastolic blood pressure (OR per 10-mm Hg increase, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02-1.46]). In a second analysis to minimize bias due to sample overlap, the entire UK Biobank was excluded from the EADB consortium; odds for AD were similar for HDL cholesterol (OR per 1-SD unit increase, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02-1.15]) and systolic blood pressure after adjusting for diastolic blood pressure (OR per 10-mm Hg increase, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01-1.50]). Conclusions and Relevance This genetic association study found novel genetic associations between high HDL cholesterol concentrations and high systolic blood pressure with higher risk of AD. These findings may inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Qvist Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atahualpa Castillo
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kayenat Parveen
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aude Nicolas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Deckert Jürgen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim, Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Molina Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc Hospital Clinic, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Goettingen, Germany
- Medical Science Department, Instituto de Biomedicina, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Tegos
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Neurosciences Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Neurologia Genètica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol and The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis M Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose María García-Alberca
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Alzheimer Research Center & Memory Clinic, Instituto Andaluz de Neurociencia, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Royo
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Shima Mehrabian
- Clinic of Neurology, UH "Alexandrovska," Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sven van der Lee
- Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Graff
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/ and Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Centre national de référence pour les malades Alzheimer jeunes, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pole santé publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR1172, Resources and Research Memory Center of Distalz, Licend, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Hanon
- Université de Paris, EA 4468, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julius Popp
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology Unit, Hospital San Gerardo, Monza and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Davide Seripa
- Laboratory for Advanced Hematological Diagnostics, Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Julie Williams
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Frank Jessen
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Kehoe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Unit of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cornelia Van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Wiesje van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wallon D, Nicolas G. Genetica della malattia di Alzheimer. Neurologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(22)47093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Mateo M, Nicolas G. Mapping capability of linear correlation statistics for characterization of complex materials using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1227:340260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Le Guen Y, Belloy ME, Grenier-Boley B, de Rojas I, Castillo-Morales A, Jansen I, Nicolas A, Bellenguez C, Dalmasso C, Küçükali F, Eger SJ, Rasmussen KL, Thomassen JQ, Deleuze JF, He Z, Napolioni V, Amouyel P, Jessen F, Kehoe PG, van Duijn C, Tsolaki M, Sánchez-Juan P, Sleegers K, Ingelsson M, Rossi G, Hiltunen M, Sims R, van der Flier WM, Ramirez A, Andreassen OA, Frikke-Schmidt R, Williams J, Ruiz A, Lambert JC, Greicius MD, Arosio B, Benussi L, Boland A, Borroni B, Caffarra P, Daian D, Daniele A, Debette S, Dufouil C, Düzel E, Galimberti D, Giedraitis V, Grimmer T, Graff C, Grünblatt E, Hanon O, Hausner L, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Holstege H, Hort J, Jürgen D, Kuulasmaa T, van der Lugt A, Masullo C, Mecocci P, Mehrabian S, de Mendonça A, Moebus S, Nacmias B, Nicolas G, Olaso R, Papenberg G, Parnetti L, Pasquier F, Peters O, Pijnenburg YAL, Popp J, Rainero I, Ramakers I, Riedel-Heller S, Scarmeas N, Scheltens P, Scherbaum N, Schneider A, Seripa D, Soininen H, Solfrizzi V, Spalletta G, Squassina A, van Swieten J, Tegos TJ, Tremolizzo L, Verhey F, Vyhnalek M, Wiltfang J, Boada M, García-González P, Puerta R, Real LM, Álvarez V, Bullido MJ, Clarimon J, García-Alberca JM, Mir P, Moreno F, Pastor P, Piñol-Ripoll G, Molina-Porcel L, Pérez-Tur J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Royo JL, Sánchez-Valle R, Dichgans M, Rujescu D. Association of Rare APOE Missense Variants V236E and R251G With Risk of Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:652-663. [PMID: 35639372 PMCID: PMC9157381 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance The APOE ε2 and APOE ε4 alleles are the strongest protective and risk-increasing, respectively, genetic variants for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the mechanisms linking APOE to AD-particularly the apoE protein's role in AD pathogenesis and how this is affected by APOE variants-remain poorly understood. Identifying missense variants in addition to APOE ε2 and APOE ε4 could provide critical new insights, but given the low frequency of additional missense variants, AD genetic cohorts have previously been too small to interrogate this question robustly. Objective To determine whether rare missense variants on APOE are associated with AD risk. Design, Setting, and Participants Association with case-control status was tested in a sequenced discovery sample (stage 1) and followed up in several microarray imputed cohorts as well as the UK Biobank whole-exome sequencing resource using a proxy-AD phenotype (stages 2 and 3). This study combined case-control, family-based, population-based, and longitudinal AD-related cohorts that recruited referred and volunteer participants. Stage 1 included 37 409 nonunique participants of European or admixed European ancestry, with 11 868 individuals with AD and 11 934 controls passing analysis inclusion criteria. In stages 2 and 3, 475 473 participants were considered across 8 cohorts, of which 84 513 individuals with AD and proxy-AD and 328 372 controls passed inclusion criteria. Selection criteria were cohort specific, and this study was performed a posteriori on individuals who were genotyped. Among the available genotypes, 76 195 were excluded. All data were retrieved between September 2015 and November 2021 and analyzed between April and November 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures In primary analyses, the AD risk associated with each missense variant was estimated, as appropriate, with either linear mixed-model regression or logistic regression. In secondary analyses, associations were estimated with age at onset using linear mixed-model regression and risk of conversion to AD using competing-risk regression. Results A total of 544 384 participants were analyzed in the primary case-control analysis; 312 476 (57.4%) were female, and the mean (SD; range) age was 64.9 (15.2; 40-110) years. Two missense variants were associated with a 2-fold to 3-fold decreased AD risk: APOE ε4 (R251G) (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.33-0.59; P = 4.7 × 10-8) and APOE ε3 (V236E) (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25-0.56; P = 1.9 × 10-6). Additionally, the cumulative incidence of AD in carriers of these variants was found to grow more slowly with age compared with noncarriers. Conclusions and Relevance In this genetic association study, a novel variant associated with AD was identified: R251G always coinherited with ε4 on the APOE gene, which mitigates the ε4-associated AD risk. The protective effect of the V236E variant, which is always coinherited with ε3 on the APOE gene, was also confirmed. The location of these variants confirms that the carboxyl-terminal portion of apoE plays an important role in AD pathogenesis. The large risk reductions reported here suggest that protein chemistry and functional assays of these variants should be pursued, as they have the potential to guide drug development targeting APOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.,Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France
| | - Michael E Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Iris Jansen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aude Nicolas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos (ENyS) CONICET-HEC-UNAJ, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Born-Bunge Institute, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah J Eger
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Katrine Laura Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Qvist Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.,Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Nuffield Department of Population Health Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Born-Bunge Institute, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences / Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Williams
- UKDRI@Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Delphine Daian
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pole santé publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences / Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Graff
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hanon
- Université de Paris, EA 4468, APHP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Deckert Jürgen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Clinic of Neurology, UH Alexandrovska, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Rouen, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, France
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Université de Lille, Inserm 1172, CHU Clinical and Research Memory Research Centre (CMRR) of Distalz, Lille, France
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julius Popp
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychologie, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Davide Seripa
- Laboratory for Advanced Hematological Diagnostics, Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, "Vito Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Thomas J Tegos
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Frans Verhey
- Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychologie, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis M Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain.,Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria 'Hospital la Paz' (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María García-Alberca
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Alzheimer Research Center & Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank (Biobanc), Hospital Clinic IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Neurologia Genètica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Royo
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Grangeon L, Quesney G, Verdalle-Cazes M, Coulette S, Renard D, Wacongne A, Allou T, Olivier N, Boukriche Y, Blanchet-Fourcade G, Labauge P, Arquizan C, Canaple S, Godefroy O, Martinaud O, Verdure P, Quillard-Muraine M, Pariente J, Magnin E, Nicolas G, Charbonnier C, Maltête D, Formaglio M, Raposo N, Ayrignac X, Wallon D. Different clinical outcomes between cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation and non-inflammatory form. J Neurol 2022; 269:4972-4984. [PMID: 35752990 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is a rare manifestation related to CAA, thought to be more severe. We aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of CAA-ri and non-inflammatory CAA. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively included all patients with CAA-ri from 13 French centers. We constituted a sex- and age-matched control cohort with non-inflammatory CAA and similar disease duration. Survival, autonomy and cognitive evolution were compared after logistic regression. Cerebral microbleeds (CMB), intracerebral hemorrhage, cortical superficial siderosis and hippocampal atrophy were analyzed as well as CSF biomarker profile and APOE genotype when available. Outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. RESULTS Data from 48 CAA-ri patients including 28 already reported and 20 new patients were analyzed. Over a mean of 3.1 years, 11 patients died (22.9%) and 18 (37.5%) relapsed. CAA-ri patients were more frequently institutionalized than non-inflammatory CAA patients (30% vs 8.3%, p < 0.001); mortality rates remained similar. MMSE and modified Rankin scale scores showed greater severity in CAA-ri at last follow-up. MRI showed a higher number of CMB at baseline and last follow-up in CAA-ri (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). CSF showed lower baseline levels of Aß42 in CAA-ri than non-inflammatory CAA (373.3 pg/ml vs 490.8 pg/ml, p = 0.05). CAA-ri patients more likely carried at least one APOE ε4 allele (76% vs 37.5%, adjusted p = 0.05) particularly as homozygous status (56% vs 6.2%, p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION CAA-ri appears to be more severe than non-inflammatory CAA with a significant loss of autonomy and global higher amyloid burden, shown by more CMB and a distinct CSF profile. This burden may be partially promoted by ε4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grangeon
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, 76031, Rouen, France.
| | - G Quesney
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, 76031, Rouen, France
| | - M Verdalle-Cazes
- Department of Radiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - S Coulette
- Department of Neurology, INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - D Renard
- Department of Neurology, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, France
| | - A Wacongne
- Department of Neurology, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, France
| | - T Allou
- Department of Neurology, Perpignan Hospital, Perpignan, France
| | - N Olivier
- Department of Neurology, Perpignan Hospital, Perpignan, France
| | - Y Boukriche
- Department of Neurology, Beziers Hospital, Beziers, France
| | | | - P Labauge
- Department of Neurology, INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - C Arquizan
- Department of Neurology, INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - S Canaple
- Department of Neurology and Functional Neuroscience, Lab (UR UPJV 4559), Amiens University Hospital and University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - O Godefroy
- Department of Neurology and Functional Neuroscience, Lab (UR UPJV 4559), Amiens University Hospital and University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - O Martinaud
- Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.,EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie Et Imagerie de La Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, Caen, France
| | - P Verdure
- Department of Neurology, Les Feugrais Hospital, Elbeuf, France
| | - M Quillard-Muraine
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - J Pariente
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - E Magnin
- Department of Neurology, Besancon Hospital, Besancon, France
| | - G Nicolas
- INSERM U1245, IRIB, Normandy University, CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - C Charbonnier
- INSERM U1245, IRIB, Normandy University, CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Maltête
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, 76031, Rouen, France
| | - M Formaglio
- Department of Neurology, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - N Raposo
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - X Ayrignac
- Department of Neurology, INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - D Wallon
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, 76031, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Besancon Hospital, Besancon, France
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10
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Mallaev M, Chirindel AF, Nicolas G, Tamm M, Hojski A, Wiese M, Stolz D, Lardinois D. 3D-quantitated lung perfusion SPECT/CT: Impact on intended management compared to lung perfusion scan in marginal candidates for lung resection surgery. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac185.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Based on previous studies, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) has been proven to be more accurate and reproducible than planar lung perfusion scintigraphy. We conducted a study to evaluate the impact of 3D-quantitated lung perfusion SPECT/CT on intended management in candidates for lung resection surgery.
Methods
Retrospective study including candidates for lung resection surgery with lung perfusion imaging. Patients underwent preoperative evaluation according to ERS/ESTS algorithm. The lobar contribution to the total lung perfusion was estimated using planar antero-posterior, posterior oblique and three-dimensional anatomical SPECT/CT method (CT Pulmo 3D and xSPECT- Quant, Siemens). The difference in lobar perfusion with resulting changes in the extent of lung resection were analyzed to reveal possible changes in operability.
Results
120 patients (46 females) with known lung cancer or pulmonary lesion considered for resection with available lung perfusion scintigraphy and SPECT/CT were enrolled. The mean age (±SD) of patients was 68 ±9 years, the target lesions were located in upper lobe in 57.7% and in lower lobe in 33.5%. The median [IQR] FEV1 was 70.5% [52–84] and median DLCO 56.6% [47.1–67.4]. The planar posterior oblique method, compared to 3D-quantitated SPECT/CT, underestimated the perfusion of upper lobes by a median difference of 5% (right [2–9; IQR]; left [2.5–8], p= < 0.0001), while it overestimated the both lower lobes (left by 4% [2–7]; right by 6% [2–9], p= < 0.0001). In contrast to the planar scintigraphy based evaluation, 4(3.3%) patients with upper lobe lesions were classified as inoperable when 3D-quantitated SPECT/CT was used for calculation of predicted postoperative lung function.
Conclusion
In selected patients with upper lobe lesions, 3D-quantitated SPECT/CT would have changed the treatment strategy from operable to inoperable. Importantly, post-operative mortality in this particular subgroup was disproportionally high. 3D-quantitated SPECT/CT shall be further evaluated as it might improve preoperative risk stratification in marginal lung resection candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mallaev
- University Hospital Basel Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, , Basel, Switzerland
| | - A-F Chirindel
- University Hospital Basel Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, , Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Nicolas
- University Hospital Basel Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, , Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Tamm
- University Hospital Basel Clinic of Pulmonology, , Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Hojski
- University Hospital Basel Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, , Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Wiese
- University Hospital Basel Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, , Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Stolz
- University Hospital Basel Clinic of Pulmonology, , Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Lardinois
- University Hospital Basel Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, , Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Yauy K, Lecoquierre F, Baert-Desurmont S, Trost D, Boughalem A, Luscan A, Costa JM, Geromel V, Raymond L, Richard P, Coutant S, Broutin M, Lanos R, Fort Q, Cackowski S, Testard Q, Diallo A, Soirat N, Holder JM, Duforet-Frebourg N, Bouge AL, Beaumeunier S, Bertrand D, Audoux J, Genevieve D, Mesnard L, Nicolas G, Thevenon J, Philippe N. Genome Alert!: A standardized procedure for genomic variant reinterpretation and automated gene-phenotype reassessment in clinical routine. Genet Med 2022; 24:1316-1327. [PMID: 35311657 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retrospective interpretation of sequenced data in light of the current literature is a major concern of the field. Such reinterpretation is manual and both human resources and variable operating procedures are the main bottlenecks. METHODS Genome Alert! method automatically reports changes with potential clinical significance in variant classification between releases of the ClinVar database. Using ClinVar submissions across time, this method assigns validity category to gene-disease associations. RESULTS Between July 2017 and December 2019, the retrospective analysis of ClinVar submissions revealed a monthly median of 1247 changes in variant classification with potential clinical significance and 23 new gene-disease associations. Re-examination of 4929 targeted sequencing files highlighted 45 changes in variant classification, and of these classifications, 89% were expert validated, leading to 4 additional diagnoses. Genome Alert! gene-disease association catalog provided 75 high-confidence associations not available in the OMIM morbid list; of which, 20% became available in OMIM morbid list For more than 356 negative exome sequencing data that were reannotated for variants in these 75 genes, this elective approach led to a new diagnosis. CONCLUSION Genome Alert! (https://genomealert.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/) enables systematic and reproducible reinterpretation of acquired sequencing data in a clinical routine with limited human resource effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yauy
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA / Inserm U 1209 / CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France; SeqOne Genomics, Montpellier, France.
| | - François Lecoquierre
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, F 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphanie Baert-Desurmont
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, F 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pascale Richard
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Centre de Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Coutant
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, F 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | - Stenzel Cackowski
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Inserm U1216, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Quentin Testard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA / Inserm U 1209 / CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France; Laboratoire Eurofins Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Genevieve
- Medical Genetic Department for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Soins Intensifs Néphrologiques et Rein Aigu, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; UMR_S1155, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, F 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA / Inserm U 1209 / CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
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12
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Bellenguez C, Küçükali F, Jansen IE, Kleineidam L, Moreno-Grau S, Amin N, Naj AC, Campos-Martin R, Grenier-Boley B, Andrade V, Holmans PA, Boland A, Damotte V, van der Lee SJ, Costa MR, Kuulasmaa T, Yang Q, de Rojas I, Bis JC, Yaqub A, Prokic I, Chapuis J, Ahmad S, Giedraitis V, Aarsland D, Garcia-Gonzalez P, Abdelnour C, Alarcón-Martín E, Alcolea D, Alegret M, Alvarez I, Álvarez V, Armstrong NJ, Tsolaki A, Antúnez C, Appollonio I, Arcaro M, Archetti S, Pastor AA, Arosio B, Athanasiu L, Bailly H, Banaj N, Baquero M, Barral S, Beiser A, Pastor AB, Below JE, Benchek P, Benussi L, Berr C, Besse C, Bessi V, Binetti G, Bizarro A, Blesa R, Boada M, Boerwinkle E, Borroni B, Boschi S, Bossù P, Bråthen G, Bressler J, Bresner C, Brodaty H, Brookes KJ, Brusco LI, Buiza-Rueda D, Bûrger K, Burholt V, Bush WS, Calero M, Cantwell LB, Chene G, Chung J, Cuccaro ML, Carracedo Á, Cecchetti R, Cervera-Carles L, Charbonnier C, Chen HH, Chillotti C, Ciccone S, Claassen JAHR, Clark C, Conti E, Corma-Gómez A, Costantini E, Custodero C, Daian D, Dalmasso MC, Daniele A, Dardiotis E, Dartigues JF, de Deyn PP, de Paiva Lopes K, de Witte LD, Debette S, Deckert J, Del Ser T, Denning N, DeStefano A, Dichgans M, Diehl-Schmid J, Diez-Fairen M, Rossi PD, Djurovic S, Duron E, Düzel E, Dufouil C, Eiriksdottir G, Engelborghs S, Escott-Price V, Espinosa A, Ewers M, Faber KM, Fabrizio T, Nielsen SF, Fardo DW, Farotti L, Fenoglio C, Fernández-Fuertes M, Ferrari R, Ferreira CB, Ferri E, Fin B, Fischer P, Fladby T, Fließbach K, Fongang B, Fornage M, Fortea J, Foroud TM, Fostinelli S, Fox NC, Franco-Macías E, Bullido MJ, Frank-García A, Froelich L, Fulton-Howard B, Galimberti D, García-Alberca JM, García-González P, Garcia-Madrona S, Garcia-Ribas G, Ghidoni R, Giegling I, Giorgio G, Goate AM, Goldhardt O, Gomez-Fonseca D, González-Pérez A, Graff C, Grande G, Green E, Grimmer T, Grünblatt E, Grunin M, Gudnason V, Guetta-Baranes T, Haapasalo A, Hadjigeorgiou G, Haines JL, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Hampel H, Hanon O, Hardy J, Hartmann AM, Hausner L, Harwood J, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Helisalmi S, Heneka MT, Hernández I, Herrmann MJ, Hoffmann P, Holmes C, Holstege H, Vilas RH, Hulsman M, Humphrey J, Biessels GJ, Jian X, Johansson C, Jun GR, Kastumata Y, Kauwe J, Kehoe PG, Kilander L, Ståhlbom AK, Kivipelto M, Koivisto A, Kornhuber J, Kosmidis MH, Kukull WA, Kuksa PP, Kunkle BW, Kuzma AB, Lage C, Laukka EJ, Launer L, Lauria A, Lee CY, Lehtisalo J, Lerch O, Lleó A, Longstreth W, Lopez O, de Munain AL, Love S, Löwemark M, Luckcuck L, Lunetta KL, Ma Y, Macías J, MacLeod CA, Maier W, Mangialasche F, Spallazzi M, Marquié M, Marshall R, Martin ER, Montes AM, Rodríguez CM, Masullo C, Mayeux R, Mead S, Mecocci P, Medina M, Meggy A, Mehrabian S, Mendoza S, Menéndez-González M, Mir P, Moebus S, Mol M, Molina-Porcel L, Montrreal L, Morelli L, Moreno F, Morgan K, Mosley T, Nöthen MM, Muchnik C, Mukherjee S, Nacmias B, Ngandu T, Nicolas G, Nordestgaard BG, Olaso R, Orellana A, Orsini M, Ortega G, Padovani A, Paolo C, Papenberg G, Parnetti L, Pasquier F, Pastor P, Peloso G, Pérez-Cordón A, Pérez-Tur J, Pericard P, Peters O, Pijnenburg YAL, Pineda JA, Piñol-Ripoll G, Pisanu C, Polak T, Popp J, Posthuma D, Priller J, Puerta R, Quenez O, Quintela I, Thomassen JQ, Rábano A, Rainero I, Rajabli F, Ramakers I, Real LM, Reinders MJT, Reitz C, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Ridge P, Riedel-Heller S, Riederer P, Roberto N, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Rongve A, Allende IR, Rosende-Roca M, Royo JL, Rubino E, Rujescu D, Sáez ME, Sakka P, Saltvedt I, Sanabria Á, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Sanchez-Garcia F, Juan PS, Sánchez-Valle R, Sando SB, Sarnowski C, Satizabal CL, Scamosci M, Scarmeas N, Scarpini E, Scheltens P, Scherbaum N, Scherer M, Schmid M, Schneider A, Schott JM, Selbæk G, Seripa D, Serrano M, Sha J, Shadrin AA, Skrobot O, Slifer S, Snijders GJL, Soininen H, Solfrizzi V, Solomon A, Song Y, Sorbi S, Sotolongo-Grau O, Spalletta G, Spottke A, Squassina A, Stordal E, Tartan JP, Tárraga L, Tesí N, Thalamuthu A, Thomas T, Tosto G, Traykov L, Tremolizzo L, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Uitterlinden A, Ullgren A, Ulstein I, Valero S, Valladares O, Broeckhoven CV, Vance J, Vardarajan BN, van der Lugt A, Dongen JV, van Rooij J, van Swieten J, Vandenberghe R, Verhey F, Vidal JS, Vogelgsang J, Vyhnalek M, Wagner M, Wallon D, Wang LS, Wang R, Weinhold L, Wiltfang J, Windle G, Woods B, Yannakoulia M, Zare H, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhu C, Zulaica M, Farrer LA, Psaty BM, Ghanbari M, Raj T, Sachdev P, Mather K, Jessen F, Ikram MA, de Mendonça A, Hort J, Tsolaki M, Pericak-Vance MA, Amouyel P, Williams J, Frikke-Schmidt R, Clarimon J, Deleuze JF, Rossi G, Seshadri S, Andreassen OA, Ingelsson M, Hiltunen M, Sleegers K, Schellenberg GD, van Duijn CM, Sims R, van der Flier WM, Ruiz A, Ramirez A, Lambert JC. New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Nat Genet 2022; 54:412-436. [PMID: 35379992 PMCID: PMC9005347 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 308.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bellenguez
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France.
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born - Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rafael Campos-Martin
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Victor Andrade
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter A Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anne Boland
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amber Yaqub
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivana Prokic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- LACDR, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Carins Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre of Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Pablo Garcia-Gonzalez
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Abdelnour
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Alarcón-Martín
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias- Oviedo and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthoula Tsolaki
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carmen Antúnez
- Unidad de Demencias, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Neurology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Archetti
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, III Laboratory of Analysis, Brescia Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Arias Pastor
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatic Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Henri Bailly
- EA 4468, Université de Paris, APHP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Miquel Baquero
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Unit of Neurology, University of Parma and AOU, Parma, Italy
- Clinic of Neurology, UH 'Alexandrovska', Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Belén Pastor
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Penelope Benchek
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudine Berr
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, PSNREC, Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Besse
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- MAC - Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Rafael Blesa
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Boschi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuro-psychobiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Bresner
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keeley J Brookes
- Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luis Ignacio Brusco
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta (CENECON), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento Ciencias Fisiológicas UAII, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dolores Buiza-Rueda
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina Bûrger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Burholt
- Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Wales Centre for Ageing & Dementia Research, Swansea University, Wales, New Zealand
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Miguel Calero
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
- UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Geneviève Chene
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Pole Santé Publique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Medicine Biomedical Genetics Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica- CIBERER-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Cervera-Carles
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Hung-Hsin Chen
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Ciccone
- Geriatic Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Clark
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Conti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Anaïs Corma-Gómez
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emanuele Costantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Delphine Daian
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Maria Carolina Dalmasso
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Peter Paul de Deyn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katia de Paiva Lopes
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Teodoro Del Ser
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Denning
- UKDRI@ Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita DeStefano
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Mónica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Paolo Dionigi Rossi
- Geriatic Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emmanuelle Duron
- EA 4468, Université de Paris, APHP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carole Dufouil
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Pole Santé Publique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- UKDRI@ Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Fernández-Fuertes
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatic Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Bertrand Fin
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Peter Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Medicine Center East- Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernard Fongang
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Silvia Fostinelli
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Emlio Franco-Macías
- Unidad de Demencias, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria 'Hospital la Paz' (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Frank-García
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria 'Hospital la Paz' (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lutz Froelich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brian Fulton-Howard
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jose Maria García-Alberca
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Alzheimer Research Center & Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giaccone Giorgio
- Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Duber Gomez-Fonseca
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Caroline Graff
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Green
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Grunin
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamar Guetta-Baranes
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Harald Hampel
- GRC 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI), Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hanon
- EA 4468, Université de Paris, APHP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janet Harwood
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clive Holmes
- Clinical and Experimental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel Huerto Vilas
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte Johansson
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Medicine Biomedical Genetics Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriko Kastumata
- Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Kinhult Ståhlbom
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Research & Development, UnitStockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Koivisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki and Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pavel P Kuksa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmen Lage
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Erika J Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute of Aging, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Intramural Research Program/National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandra Lauria
- Geriatrics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chien-Yueh Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenni Lehtisalo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ondrej Lerch
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Praha, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alberto Lleó
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, OSAKIDETZA-Servicio Vasco de Salud, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Seth Love
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Malin Löwemark
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Luckcuck
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Macías
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Mangialasche
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Spallazzi
- Unit of Neurology, University of Parma and AOU, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel Marshall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eden R Martin
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angel Martín Montes
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria 'Hospital la Paz' (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias- Oviedo and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Miguel Medina
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alun Meggy
- UKDRI@ Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Clinic of Neurology, UH 'Alexandrovska', Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Mendoza
- Alzheimer Research Center & Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Menéndez-González
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias- Oviedo and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Merel Mol
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, FIL-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fermin Moreno
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, OSAKIDETZA-Servicio Vasco de Salud, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas Mosley
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carolina Muchnik
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta (CENECON), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, UBA, C.A.B.A, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Olaso
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michela Orsini
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Ortega
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Resources and Research Memory Center (MRRC) of Distalz, LicendUniversity of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR1172, Lille, France
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Gina Peloso
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alba Pérez-Cordón
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC CIBERNED, València, Spain
- Unitat Mixta de de Neurología y Genética, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària La Fe, València, Spain
| | - Pierre Pericard
- US 41-UMS 2014-PLBS, bilille, Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Oliver Peters
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juan A Pineda
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Thomas Polak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julius Popp
- CHUV, Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Rábano
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Farid Rajabli
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychologie, Maastricht University, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Luis M Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
- Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Perry Ridge
- Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Roberto
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Arvid Rongve
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Irene Rosas Allende
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias- Oviedo and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maitée Rosende-Roca
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Royo
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímicas e Inmunología, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Paraskevi Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Athens, Greece
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ángela Sanabria
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Bernal Sánchez-Arjona
- Unidad de Demencias, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Florentino Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez Juan
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Neurology Department-Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Experimental Neuro-psychobiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michela Scamosci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Davide Seripa
- Laboratory for Advanced Hematological Diagnostics, Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jin Sha
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Olivia Skrobot
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan Slifer
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gijsje J L Snijders
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Alina Solomon
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yeunjoo Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Oscar Sotolongo-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Juan Pablo Tartan
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niccolo Tesí
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tegos Thomas
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Latchezar Traykov
- Clinic of Neurology, UH 'Alexandrovska', Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Neurology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abbe Ullgren
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingun Ulstein
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergi Valero
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born - Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeffery Vance
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jasper Van Dongen
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born - Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychologie, Maastricht University, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Praha, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Wallon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Medical Science Department, iBiMED, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gill Windle
- School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Bob Woods
- School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Diatetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Habil Zare
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miren Zulaica
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Medicine Biomedical Genetics Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Health Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Towfique Raj
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jakub Hort
- Intramural Research Program/National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Praha, Czechia
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Julie Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKDRI@ Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Carins Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born - Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Sims
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France.
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13
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Grangeon L, Paquet C, Guey S, Zarea A, Martinaud O, Rotharmel M, Maltête D, Quillard-Muraine M, Nicolas G, Charbonnier C, Chabriat H, Wallon D. Cerebrospinal Fluid Profile of Tau, Phosphorylated Tau, Aβ42, and Aβ40 in Probable Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:791-802. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is no consensus regarding the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Objective: To describe the CSF levels of Aβ 42, Aβ 40, total protein Tau, and phosphorylated-Tau (p-Tau) in a large series of probable CAA patients and to compare with AD patients in order to identify a specific pattern in CAA but also to look for correlations with the neuroimaging profile. Methods: We retrospectively included from 2 French centers probable CAA patients according to modified Boston criteria who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) with CSF AD biomarker quantifications. Two neurologists independently analyzed all MRI sequences. A logistic regression and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to identify correlation between MRI and CSF biomarkers in CAA. Results: We included 63 probable CAA and 27 AD patients. Among CAA 50.8% presented with decreased Aβ 42 level associated with elevated p-Tau and/or Tau, 34.9% with isolated decreased Aβ 42 level and 14.3% patients with normal Aβ 42 level. Compared to AD, CAA showed lower levels of Tau (p = 0.008), p-Tau (p = 0.004), and Aβ 40 (p = 0.001) but similar Aβ 42 level (p = 0.07). No correlation between Aβ 42 or Aβ 40 levels and neuroimaging was found. Conclusion: CSF biomarkers may improve the accuracy of the modified Boston criteria with altered profile in 85% of the patients fulfilling revised Boston criteria for probable CAA. Aβ 40 appears as an interesting selective biomarker in differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Grangeon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHURouen, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- CMRR Paris Nord AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Saint-Louis, INSERM, U942, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 942, France
| | - Stéphanie Guey
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Aline Zarea
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHURouen, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Maud Rotharmel
- Rouvray Hospital of Rouen, University Department of Psychiatry, France
| | - David Maltête
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHURouen, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Hugues Chabriat
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHURouen, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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14
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Lefeuvre C, Brisset M, Sarlon M, Petit N, Orlikowski D, Clair B, Thiry T, Carlier RY, Prigent H, Nicolas G, Annane D, Laforet P, Pouplin S. Nusinersen treatment in adults with severe spinal muscular atrophy: A real-life retrospective observational cohort study. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:234-240. [PMID: 35000792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease due to homozygous loss-of-function of the survival motor neuron gene SMN1 with absence of the functional SMN protein. Nusinersen, a costly intrathecally administered drug approved in 2017 in Europe, induces alternative splicing of the SMN2 gene, which then produces functional SMN protein, whose amount generally increases with the number of SMN2 gene copies. METHODS We retrospectively collected data from consecutive wheelchair-bound adults with SMA managed at a single center in 2018-2020. The following were collected at each injection, on days 1, 14, 28, 63, 183, and 303: 32-item Motor Function Measurement (MFM) total score and D2 and D3 subscores; the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) performance and satisfaction scores; and lung function tests. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether their MFM total score was<or≥the mean (15.6%). Adverse events were recorded. RESULTS We identified 18 patients who received 4 to 8 Nusinersen injections. No significant improvements occurred over time in any of the MFM scores or lung function test results, which did not differ between groups. The COPM performance score improved significantly from day 0 to day 303 in the high-MFM group and the COPM satisfaction score in the overall population from D0 to D183. Half the patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference for both COPM scores. DISCUSSION The overall stability of conventional motor assessment in this population with advanced disabilities is encouraging to use more sensitive tools based on self-perception and autonomy in daily life activities, such as COPM. Our finding of a significant COPM performance score improvement from days 0 to 303 only in the patients with initial MFM-32 scores above the mean in the population suggests that the severity of the baseline disabilities may affect treatment efficacy. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE LEVEL IV, retrospective observational cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lefeuvre
- Neurology department, Raymond-Poincaré university hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; Nord-Est-Île-de-France neuromuscular reference center, FHU PHENIX, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - M Brisset
- Neurology department, Raymond-Poincaré university hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; Nord-Est-Île-de-France neuromuscular reference center, FHU PHENIX, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - M Sarlon
- New Technologies Platform, Raymond-Poincaré hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - N Petit
- Neurology department, Raymond-Poincaré university hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - D Orlikowski
- Critical care medical department, Raymond-Poincaré hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; CIC 1429 AP-HP INSERM, université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-Saclay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - B Clair
- Critical care medical department, Raymond-Poincaré hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - T Thiry
- Diagnostic and interventional medical imaging department, Raymond-Poincaré hospital, DMU smart imaging, GH université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Garches, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - R-Y Carlier
- U 1179 INSERM, université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-Saclay, France; Diagnostic and interventional medical imaging department, Raymond-Poincaré hospital, DMU smart imaging, GH université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Garches, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - H Prigent
- Nord-Est-Île-de-France neuromuscular reference center, FHU PHENIX, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France; Physiology department, Raymond-Poincaré university hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - G Nicolas
- Neurology department, Raymond-Poincaré university hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; Nord-Est-Île-de-France neuromuscular reference center, FHU PHENIX, France; U 1179 INSERM, université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-Saclay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - D Annane
- Critical care medical department, Raymond-Poincaré hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - P Laforet
- Neurology department, Raymond-Poincaré university hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; Nord-Est-Île-de-France neuromuscular reference center, FHU PHENIX, France; U 1179 INSERM, université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-Saclay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - S Pouplin
- New Technologies Platform, Raymond-Poincaré hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; U 1179 INSERM, université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-Saclay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, ERPHAN, 78000 Versailles, France
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15
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Jansen IE, van der Lee SJ, Gomez-Fonseca D, de Rojas I, Dalmasso MC, Grenier-Boley B, Zettergren A, Mishra A, Ali M, Andrade V, Bellenguez C, Kleineidam L, Küçükali F, Sung YJ, Tesí N, Vromen EM, Wightman DP, Alcolea D, Alegret M, Alvarez I, Amouyel P, Athanasiu L, Bahrami S, Bailly H, Belbin O, Bergh S, Bertram L, Biessels GJ, Blennow K, Blesa R, Boada M, Boland A, Buerger K, Carracedo Á, Cervera-Carles L, Chene G, Claassen JAHR, Debette S, Deleuze JF, de Deyn PP, Diehl-Schmid J, Djurovic S, Dols-Icardo O, Dufouil C, Duron E, Düzel E, Fladby T, Fortea J, Frölich L, García-González P, Garcia-Martinez M, Giegling I, Goldhardt O, Gobom J, Grimmer T, Haapasalo A, Hampel H, Hanon O, Hausner L, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Helisalmi S, Heneka MT, Hernández I, Herukka SK, Holstege H, Jarholm J, Kern S, Knapskog AB, Koivisto AM, Kornhuber J, Kuulasmaa T, Lage C, Laske C, Leinonen V, Lewczuk P, Lleó A, de Munain AL, Lopez-Garcia S, Maier W, Marquié M, Mol MO, Montrreal L, Moreno F, Moreno-Grau S, Nicolas G, Nöthen MM, Orellana A, Pålhaugen L, Papma JM, Pasquier F, Perneczky R, Peters O, Pijnenburg YAL, Popp J, Posthuma D, Pozueta A, Priller J, Puerta R, Quintela I, Ramakers I, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Rujescu D, Saltvedt I, Sanchez-Juan P, Scheltens P, Scherbaum N, Schmid M, Schneider A, Selbæk G, Selnes P, Shadrin A, Skoog I, Soininen H, Tárraga L, Teipel S, Tijms B, Tsolaki M, Van Broeckhoven C, Van Dongen J, van Swieten JC, Vandenberghe R, Vidal JS, Visser PJ, Vogelgsang J, Waern M, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wittens MMJ, Zetterberg H, Zulaica M, van Duijn CM, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S, Jessen F, Teunissen CE, Pastor P, Hiltunen M, Ingelsson M, Andreassen OA, Clarimón J, Sleegers K, Ruiz A, Ramirez A, Cruchaga C, Lambert JC, van der Flier W. Genome-wide meta-analysis for Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:821-842. [PMID: 36066633 PMCID: PMC9547780 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflect core features of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) more directly than clinical diagnosis. Initiated by the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), the largest collaborative effort on genetics underlying CSF biomarkers was established, including 31 cohorts with a total of 13,116 individuals (discovery n = 8074; replication n = 5042 individuals). Besides the APOE locus, novel associations with two other well-established AD risk loci were observed; CR1 was shown a locus for Aβ42 and BIN1 for pTau. GMNC and C16orf95 were further identified as loci for pTau, of which the latter is novel. Clustering methods exploring the influence of all known AD risk loci on the CSF protein levels, revealed 4 biological categories suggesting multiple Aβ42 and pTau related biological pathways involved in the etiology of AD. In functional follow-up analyses, GMNC and C16orf95 both associated with lateral ventricular volume, implying an overlap in genetic etiology for tau levels and brain ventricular volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E. Jansen
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J. van der Lee
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Duber Gomez-Fonseca
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carolina Dalmasso
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,grid.502038.c0000 0004 4911 0518Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (ENyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce, National University A. Jauretche (UNAJ), Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anna Zettergren
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aniket Mishra
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Muhammad Ali
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Victor Andrade
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- grid.511528.aComplex Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Niccolo Tesí
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M. Vromen
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P. Wightman
- grid.484519.5Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- grid.414875.b0000 0004 1794 4956Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain ,grid.414875.b0000 0004 1794 4956Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henri Bailly
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, EA4468, Maladie d’Alzheimer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Belbin
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sverre Bergh
- grid.412929.50000 0004 0627 386XThe Research-Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway ,grid.417292.b0000 0004 0627 3659Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Lars Bertram
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaj Blennow
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rafael Blesa
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Boland
- grid.418135.a0000 0004 0641 3404Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Katharina Buerger
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ,grid.443929.10000 0004 4688 8850Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-CIBERER-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera-Carles
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geneviève Chene
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France ,grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jurgen A. H. R. Claassen
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Debette
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France ,grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 2115 USA
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- grid.418135.a0000 0004 0641 3404Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Peter Paul de Deyn
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Center for Cognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany ,kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Science, NORMENT Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carole Dufouil
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France ,grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118Pôle de Santé Publique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Emrah Düzel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Tormod Fladby
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Juan Fortea
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lutz Frölich
- grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo García-González
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Martinez
- grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, Institute for Research “Marques de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ina Giegling
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Center for Cognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Gobom
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Timo Grimmer
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Center for Cognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Harald Hampel
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France ,grid.418767.b0000 0004 0599 8842Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc, 100 Tice Blvd, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 USA
| | - Olivier Hanon
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, EA4468, Maladie d’Alzheimer, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.413802.c0000 0001 0011 8533Service gériatrie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherches Ile de France-Broca, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabel Hernández
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henne Holstege
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Jarholm
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Silke Kern
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XRegion Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne M. Koivisto
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.15485.3d0000 0000 9950 5666Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carmen Lage
- grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, Institute for Research “Marques de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Atlantic Fellow at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) -, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Christoph Laske
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ville Leinonen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany ,grid.48324.390000000122482838Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Alberto Lleó
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.414651.30000 0000 9920 5292Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, Donostia, Spain ,grid.432380.eInstituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.11480.3c0000000121671098University of The Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sara Lopez-Garcia
- grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, Institute for Research “Marques de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marta Marquié
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Merel O. Mol
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Montrreal
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.414651.30000 0000 9920 5292Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, Donostia, Spain ,grid.432380.eInstituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gael Nicolas
- grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Adelina Orellana
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lene Pålhaugen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Janne M. Papma
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florence Pasquier
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Robert Perneczky
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julius Popp
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- grid.484519.5Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Pozueta
- grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, Institute for Research “Marques de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josef Priller
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Puerta
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Quintela
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inez Ramakers
- grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychologie, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, Institute for Research “Marques de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dan Rujescu
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pascual Sanchez-Juan
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Alzheimer’s Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation-ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip Scheltens
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XInstitute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Geir Selbæk
- grid.417292.b0000 0004 0627 3659Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XRegion Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Teipel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany ,grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Betty Tijms
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- grid.4793.900000001094570051st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Makedonia Greece
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.511528.aNeurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Dongen
- grid.511528.aComplex Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John C. van Swieten
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Sébastien Vidal
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, EA4468, Maladie d’Alzheimer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pieter J. Visser
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Margda Waern
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XRegion Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Wagner
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany ,Medical Science Department, iBiMED, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mandy M. J. Wittens
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK ,grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miren Zulaica
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.414651.30000 0000 9920 5292Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, Donostia, Spain ,grid.432380.eInstituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Bjerke
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.411326.30000 0004 0626 3362Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.411326.30000 0004 0626 3362Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.411326.30000 0004 0626 3362Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Jessen
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany ,grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pau Pastor
- grid.411438.b0000 0004 1767 6330Unit of Neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol and The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- grid.511528.aComplex Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- grid.410675.10000 0001 2325 3084Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany ,grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,Department of Psychiatry, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Wiesje van der Flier
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Duval R, Nicolas G, Willemetz A, Murakami Y, Mikdar M, Vrignaud C, Megahed H, Cartron JP, Masson C, Wehbi S, Koehl B, Hully M, Siquier K, Chemlay N, Rotig A, Lyonnet S, Colin Y, Barcia G, Cantagrel V, Le Van Kim C, Hermine O, Kinoshita T, Peyrard T, Azouzi S. Emm : un nouveau système de groupe sanguin associé à des troubles neurodéveloppementaux. Transfus Clin Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2021.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grangeon L, Cassinari K, Rousseau S, Croisile B, Formaglio M, Moreaud O, Boutonnat J, Le Meur N, Miné M, Coste T, Pipiras E, Tournier-Lasserve E, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Campion D, Wallon D, Nicolas G. Early-Onset Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer Disease Related to an APP Locus Triplication. Neurol Genet 2021; 7:e609. [PMID: 34532568 PMCID: PMC8439959 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective To report a triplication of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) locus along with relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in a family with autosomal dominant early-onset cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods Four copies of the APP gene were identified by quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and array comparative genomic hybridization. APP mRNA levels were assessed using reverse-transcription–digital droplet PCR in the proband's whole blood and compared with 10 controls and 9 APP duplication carriers. Results Beginning at age 39 years, the proband developed severe episodic memory deficits with a CSF biomarker profile typical of AD and multiple lobar microbleeds in the posterior regions on brain MRI. His father had seizures and recurrent cerebral hemorrhage since the age of 37 years. His cerebral biopsy showed abundant perivascular amyloid deposits, leading to a diagnosis of CAA. In the proband, we identified 4 copies of a 506-kb region located on chromosome 21q21.3 and encompassing the whole APP gene without any other gene. FISH suggested that the genotype of the proband was 3 copies/1 copy corresponding to an APP locus triplication, which was consistent with the presence of 2 APP copies in the healthy mother and with the paternal medical history. Analysis of the APP mRNA level showed a 2-fold increase in the proband and a 1.8 fold increase in APP duplication carriers compared with controls. Discussion Increased copy number of APP is sufficient to cause AD and CAA, with likely earlier onset in case of triplication compared with duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Grangeon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Kévin Cassinari
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Stéphane Rousseau
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Bernard Croisile
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Maïté Formaglio
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Olivier Moreaud
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Jean Boutonnat
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Nathalie Le Meur
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Manuele Miné
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Thibault Coste
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Eva Pipiras
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - David Wallon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ (L.G., D.W.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB1404, F 76000; Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ (K.C., S.R., N.L.M., A.R.-L., D.C., G.N.), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, F 76000; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.F.), Lyon University Hospital; Department of Neurology (O.M.), Grenoble University Hospital; Department of Histology (J.B.), Grenoble University Hospital; AP-HP (M.M., T.C., E.T.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot,Université de Paris; Department of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics (E.P.), Jean Verdier Hospital; Paris 13 University (E.P.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH Bobigny; and PROTECT (E.P.), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Bondy, France
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Balck A, Schaake S, Kuhnke NS, Domingo A, Madoev H, Margolesky J, Dobricic V, Alvarez-Fischer D, Laabs BH, Kasten M, Luo W, Nicolas G, Marras C, Lohmann K, Klein C, Westenberger A. Genotype-Phenotype Relations in Primary Familial Brain Calcification: Systematic MDSGene Review. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2468-2480. [PMID: 34432325 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic MDSGene review covers individuals with confirmed genetic forms of primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) available in the literature. Data on 516 (47% men) individuals, carrying heterozygous variants in SLC20A2 (solute carrier family 20 member 2, 61%), PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor subunit B, 12%), XPR1 (xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor, 16%), or PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, 5%) or biallelic variants in MYORG (myogenesis-regulating glycosidase, 13%) or JAM2 (junctional adhesion molecule 2, 2%), were extracted from 93 articles. Nearly one-third of the mutation carriers were clinically unaffected. Carriers of PDGFRB variants were more likely to be clinically unaffected (~54%), and the penetrance of SLC20A2 and XPR1 variants (<70%) was lower in comparison to the remaining three genes (>85%). Among the 349 clinically affected patients, 27% showed only motor and 31% only nonmotor symptoms/signs, whereas the remaining 42% had a combination thereof. While parkinsonism and speech disturbance were the most frequently reported motor manifestations, cognitive deficits, headache, and depression were the major nonmotor symptoms/signs. The basal ganglia were always calcified, and the cerebellum, thalamus, and white matter contained calcifications in 58%, 53%, and 43%, respectively, of individuals. In autosomal-dominant PFBC, mutation severity influenced the number of calcified brain areas, which in turn correlated with the clinical status, whereby the risk of developing symptoms/signs more than doubled for each additional region with calcifications. Our systematic analysis provides the most comprehensive insight into genetic, clinical, and neuroimaging features of known PFBC forms, to date. In addition, it puts forth the penetrance estimates and newly discovered genotype-phenotype relations that will improve counseling of individuals with mutations in PFBC genes. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Balck
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Neele Sophie Kuhnke
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aloysius Domingo
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harutyun Madoev
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jason Margolesky
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Fischer
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Rouen, France
| | - Connie Marras
- The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Rondelli CM, Perfetto M, Danoff A, Bergonia H, Gillis S, O'Neill L, Jackson L, Nicolas G, Puy H, West R, Phillips JD, Yien YY. The ubiquitous mitochondrial protein unfoldase CLPX regulates erythroid heme synthesis by control of iron utilization and heme synthesis enzyme activation and turnover. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100972. [PMID: 34280433 PMCID: PMC8361296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme plays a critical role in catalyzing life-essential redox reactions in all cells, and its synthesis must be tightly balanced with cellular requirements. Heme synthesis in eukaryotes is tightly regulated by the mitochondrial AAA+ unfoldase CLPX (caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X), which promotes heme synthesis by activation of δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS/Hem1) in yeast and regulates turnover of ALAS1 in human cells. However, the specific mechanisms by which CLPX regulates heme synthesis are unclear. In this study, we interrogated the mechanisms by which CLPX regulates heme synthesis in erythroid cells. Quantitation of enzyme activity and protein degradation showed that ALAS2 stability and activity were both increased in the absence of CLPX, suggesting that CLPX primarily regulates ALAS2 by control of its turnover, rather than its activation. However, we also showed that CLPX is required for PPOX (protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase) activity and maintenance of FECH (ferrochelatase) levels, which are the terminal enzymes in heme synthesis, likely accounting for the heme deficiency and porphyrin accumulation observed in Clpx−/− cells. Lastly, CLPX is required for iron utilization for hemoglobin synthesis during erythroid differentiation. Collectively, our data show that the role of CLPX in yeast ALAS/Hem1 activation is not conserved in vertebrates as vertebrates rely on CLPX to regulate ALAS turnover as well as PPOX and FECH activity. Our studies reveal that CLPX mutations may cause anemia and porphyria via dysregulation of ALAS, FECH, and PPOX activities, as well as of iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Rondelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Mark Perfetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aidan Danoff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Hector Bergonia
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samantha Gillis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Leah O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Laurie Jackson
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Herve Puy
- Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, APHP, Colombes, France
| | - Richard West
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - John D Phillips
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yvette Y Yien
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Brisset M, Durand MC, Iosif A, Hanachi M, Palazzo C, Carlier RY, Laforêt P, Nicolas G. Bariatric surgery related proximal myopathy: A partially reversible complication. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:1183-1188. [PMID: 33640114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency neuropathies and rhabdomyolysis have previously been reported after bariatric surgery (BS) but never myopathies. We report cases of five patients with morbid obesity who developed within 2 to 4 months of a BS, proximal myopathy following significant and rapid weight loss worsened by postoperative gastrointestinal complications. Muscle weakness concerned lower limbs in particular in quadriceps and less frequently in upper limbs and diaphragm, sometimes mimicked a Guillain-Barré syndrome. Muscle biopsy performed in 1 patient, revealed selective atrophy of type 2 fibers. Weakness slowly decreased with refeeding with vitamins supplementation. We enlarge here the clinical pattern of post-BS complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brisset
- Department of Neurology, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France.
| | - M C Durand
- Department of Physiology, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - A Iosif
- Department of Neurology, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - M Hanachi
- Department of Clinical nutrition, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - C Palazzo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - R-Y Carlier
- Department of Imagery, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - P Laforêt
- Paris-Est Neuromuscular Center, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - G Nicolas
- Department of Neurology, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
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21
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Magnin E, Ayrignac X, Nicolas G. Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification: A single entity or two disorders in a single patient? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:439-440. [PMID: 33478741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Magnin
- Department of neurology, university hospital of Besançon, 3, boulevard, Alexandre-Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France; Clinical and integrative neuroscience, research laboratory 481, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France.
| | - X Ayrignac
- Inserm, département de neurologie, CRC sclérose en plaques, université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - G Nicolas
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, department of neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen university hospital, Normandie university, 76000 Rouen, France
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Lagendijk J, Beijst C, Woutjan B, Erik H, Bart S, Cezar A, Bjoern W, David S, Pierre G, Nicolas G, Thomas D, Martino B, Jurgen M, Volkmar S, Andre S, Oliver L, Peter V, Marc V, Hugo D, Dennis K. PH-0527: The design of an MR-PET for radiotherapy treatment simulation. The search for small tumour volumes. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cacoub P, Nicolas G, Peoc'h K. Iron deficiency markers in patients undergoing iron replacement therapy: a 9-year retrospective real-world evidence study using healthcare databases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14983. [PMID: 32917925 PMCID: PMC7486365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency is a primary public health goal. This study aimed to make an inventory of the use of biomarkers to assess the iron supply in patients given iron replacement therapy. A retrospective longitudinal real-world study of a cohort of patients receiving iron replacement therapy was conducted using data from healthcare coverage databases between January 2006 and December 2015 in France. The frequency of oral or intravenous iron treatment episodes preceded and/or followed by a biological assessment of iron deficiency was described. We then differentiate patients with or without chronic inflammatory diseases, which could impact the prescription. The evolution between 2006 and 2015 was also studied. The 96,724 patients received an average of 4.9 administrations of iron per patient, corresponding to 1.7 treatment episodes. In one-third of treatment episodes (34.6%), patients had a pre-treatment biological assessment, 15.5% a post-treatment assessment, and 7.3% both. The post-treatment measure of iron supply markers (i.e., Ferritin and transferrin saturation) was more frequent in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases than in those without underlying chronic condition (22.6% to 41.0% vs. 3.1%; p < 0.0001). Serum ferritin was measured 30 times more than transferrin saturation measurements. The use of both tests increased steadily during the study period, although remaining low. Despite the recommendations, biological assessments of iron status are seldom prescribed and/or performed in the context of a pre- or post-treatment assessment, although more frequently realized in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Cacoub
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), UMR 7211, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France. .,UMR_S 959, INSERM, 75013, Paris, France. .,CNRS, RE3632, 75005, Paris, France. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 43-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France. .,Hôpital La Pitié Salpêtrière, 83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris, Cedex 13, France.
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Université de Paris, UFR de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM UMRs 1149, 75018, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Katell Peoc'h
- Université de Paris, UFR de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM UMRs 1149, 75018, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France.,APHP, HUPNVS, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique, Hôpital Beaujon, 91118, Clichy, France
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Goeb JL, Even C, Nicolas G, Gohier B, Dubas F, Garré JB. Psychiatric side effects of interferon-β in multiple sclerosis. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 21:186-93. [PMID: 16386408 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPsychiatric disorders, especially depression, are frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). They are attributed both to the psychosocial impact of a chronic, usually progressive, disabling illness and to cerebral demyelination. Besides, drugs such as corticosteroids and possibly interferon (IFN) may also have depressogenic effects. Major depressive disorders and/or suicidal ideation are a major concern and efforts to identify and minimize these reactions are of much importance. Psychiatric side effects, particularly depression, are widely reported with IFN-α and have been suspected with IFN-β but are not yet fully established. Our review of the literature revealed that most studies discard an association between IFN-β and depression or suicide. However, few patients, especially those with a history of depression, might be at higher risk for depression when treated with IFN-β. Overall, considering the uncertainty of a link between IFN-β and depression and/or suicide, as well as the complete remission of psychiatric complications after IFN discontinuation and/or antidepressant treatment, physicians should closely monitor the psychiatric status of patients, but should not refrain from including them in IFN-β treatment programs, even when they have past or present depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Goeb
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHRU, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, F-59037 Lille, France.
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Nadjar Y, Souvannanorath S, Maisonobe T, Brisset M, De Lonlay P, Schiff M, Viala K, Boutron A, Nicolas G, Laforêt P. Sensory neuronopathy as a major clinical feature of mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency in adults. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:380-386. [PMID: 32253025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTPD) is a long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorder characterized by co-existence of rhabdomyolysis episodes and peripheral neuropathy. Two phenotypes are described: generalized mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (gMTPD) and isolated long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (iLCHADD) that is always associated with the c.1528G>C mutation. Peripheral neuropathy of MTPD is commonly described in children as axonal, length-dependent and sensorimotor. OBJECTIVES To report clinical and electrophysiological features of four independent adult MTPD patients with peripheral neuropathy. RESULTS Onset of the disease was characterized in all patients by rhabdomyolysis episodes occurring during childhood preceded by severe hypoglycemic episodes in three patients. Peripheral nerve involvement manifesting as sensory ataxia appeared later, during adolescence or adulthood. In all cases, electroneuromyogram showed no length-dependent sensory potentials decrease characteristic of sensory neuronopathy ("ganglionopathy"). All patients harbored at least one c.1528G>C mutation. DISCUSSION We describe MTPD as a newly hereditary etiology of sensory neuronopathy in adults, specifically in patients with c.1528G>C mutation. MTPD should be screened for by performing plasma acylcarnitines in patients with chronic sensory neuronopathy and additional suggestive features such as exercise intolerance or retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nadjar
- Département de neurologie, centre de référence des maladies lysosomales, UF neuro-génétique et métabolisme, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - S Souvannanorath
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, hôpital Henri-Mondor, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Pars, Créteil, France.
| | - T Maisonobe
- Département de neurophysiologie clinique, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - M Brisset
- Département de neurologie, hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France; Inserm U1179 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines university, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
| | - P De Lonlay
- Reference center for inborn errors of metabolism, Necker-Enfants-Malades university hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes university, INSERM UMR_S1151, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - M Schiff
- Reference center for inborn errors of metabolism, Robert-Debré university hospital, AP-HP, Paris Diderot university, INSERM U1141, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - K Viala
- Département de neurophysiologie clinique, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - A Boutron
- Service de biochimie, hôpital de Bicêtre, CHU Paris - GH Paris-Sud, Paris, France.
| | - G Nicolas
- Département de neurologie, hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France; Inserm U1179 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines university, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
| | - P Laforêt
- Département de neurologie, hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France; Inserm U1179 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines university, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
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Lacour M, Quenez O, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Salomon B, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Quillard-Muraine M, Pasquier F, Rollin-Sillaire A, Martinaud O, Zarea A, de la Sayette V, Boutoleau-Bretonniere C, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Chauviré V, Sarazin M, le Ber I, Epelbaum S, Jonveaux T, Rouaud O, Ceccaldi M, Godefroy O, Formaglio M, Croisile B, Auriacombe S, Magnin E, Sauvée M, Marelli C, Gabelle A, Pariente J, Paquet C, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Campion D, Hannequin D, Nicolas G, Wallon D. Causative Mutations and Genetic Risk Factors in Sporadic Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Before 51 Years. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:227-243. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lacour
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Salomon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stephane Rousseau
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Florence Pasquier
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1171, Distalz, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Rollin-Sillaire
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1171, Distalz, Lille, France
| | | | - Aline Zarea
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | - Valérie Chauviré
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology, Saint Anne University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle le Ber
- National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias and Center of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias and Center of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Jonveaux
- Department of Geriatrics and CMRR, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- Department of Neurology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Service de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, CHU de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Departments of Neurology, Amiens University Hospital, and Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences1, 6 (EA 4559), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Maite Formaglio
- Service de Neuropsychologie and CMRR, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Croisile
- Service de Neuropsychologie and CMRR, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Auriacombe
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Department of Neurology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremie Pariente
- CMRR Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Cognitive Neurology Center/CMRR Paris Nord Ile de France, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital Université de Paris, INSERMU1144, Paris
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
- Department of Research, Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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Ghaleb Y, Elbitar S, Loste A, El Khoury P, Abou-Khalil Y, Nicolas G, Le Borgne M, Moulin P, Di-Filippo M, Charriere S, Iliozer H, Rabès J, Boileau C, Abifadel M, Varret M. Implication Of Lrp6 Variants In Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Beck‐Cormier S, Lelliott CJ, Logan JG, Lafont DT, Merametdjian L, Leitch VD, Butterfield NC, Protheroe HJ, Croucher PI, Baldock PA, Gaultier‐Lintia A, Maugars Y, Nicolas G, Banse C, Normant S, Magne N, Gérardin E, Bon N, Sourice S, Guicheux J, Beck L, Williams GR, Bassett JHD. Slc20a2, Encoding the Phosphate Transporter PiT2, Is an Important Genetic Determinant of Bone Quality and Strength. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1101-1114. [PMID: 30721528 PMCID: PMC6618161 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility fracture and affects over 200 million people worldwide. Bone quality describes the material properties that contribute to strength independently of BMD, and its quantitative analysis is a major priority in osteoporosis research. Tissue mineralization is a fundamental process requiring calcium and phosphate transporters. Here we identify impaired bone quality and strength in Slc20a2-/- mice lacking the phosphate transporter SLC20A2. Juveniles had abnormal endochondral and intramembranous ossification, decreased mineral accrual, and short stature. Adults exhibited only small reductions in bone mass and mineralization but a profound impairment of bone strength. Bone quality was severely impaired in Slc20a2-/- mice: yield load (-2.3 SD), maximum load (-1.7 SD), and stiffness (-2.7 SD) were all below values predicted from their bone mineral content as determined in a cohort of 320 wild-type controls. These studies identify Slc20a2 as a physiological regulator of tissue mineralization and highlight its critical role in the determination of bone quality and strength. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beck‐Cormier
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Université de Nantes, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'AlimentationNantes‐Atlantique (ONIRIS)NantesFrance
- Université de NantesUnité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) OdontologieNantesFrance
| | | | - John G Logan
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Laure Merametdjian
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Université de Nantes, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'AlimentationNantes‐Atlantique (ONIRIS)NantesFrance
- Université de NantesUnité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) OdontologieNantesFrance
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) NantesPôles Hospitalo‐Universitaires (PHU4) ‐ Ostéo‐articulaire ‐ Tête et Cou ‐ Odontologie ‐ Neurochirurgie ‐ Neuro‐traumatologie (OTONN)NantesFrance
| | - Victoria D Leitch
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Natalie C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Hayley J Protheroe
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Peter I Croucher
- The Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW) AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Paul A Baldock
- The Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW) AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Yves Maugars
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Université de Nantes, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'AlimentationNantes‐Atlantique (ONIRIS)NantesFrance
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) NantesPôles Hospitalo‐Universitaires (PHU4) ‐ Ostéo‐articulaire ‐ Tête et Cou ‐ Odontologie ‐ Neurochirurgie ‐ Neuro‐traumatologie (OTONN)NantesFrance
| | - Gael Nicolas
- INSERM U1245Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN)RouenFrance
- Department of GeneticsRouen University HospitalRouenFrance
- Centre National de Référence pour les Malades Alzheimer Jeunes (CNR‐MAJ)Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized MedicineRouenFrance
| | | | | | - Nicolas Magne
- Department of NeuroradiologyRouen University HospitalRouenFrance
| | | | - Nina Bon
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Université de Nantes, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'AlimentationNantes‐Atlantique (ONIRIS)NantesFrance
- Université de NantesUnité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) OdontologieNantesFrance
| | - Sophie Sourice
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Université de Nantes, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'AlimentationNantes‐Atlantique (ONIRIS)NantesFrance
- Université de NantesUnité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) OdontologieNantesFrance
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Université de Nantes, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'AlimentationNantes‐Atlantique (ONIRIS)NantesFrance
- Université de NantesUnité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) OdontologieNantesFrance
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) NantesPôles Hospitalo‐Universitaires (PHU4) ‐ Ostéo‐articulaire ‐ Tête et Cou ‐ Odontologie ‐ Neurochirurgie ‐ Neuro‐traumatologie (OTONN)NantesFrance
| | - Laurent Beck
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Université de Nantes, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'AlimentationNantes‐Atlantique (ONIRIS)NantesFrance
- Université de NantesUnité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) OdontologieNantesFrance
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Cordillet S, Bideau N, Menard M, Nicolas G. Gyro-based lower limb asymmetry during a 4-km time trial on a velodrome among high level female cyclists. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cordillet
- M2S Laboratory, Univ Rennes, Avenue Robert Schuman, Campus de Ker Lann, Bruz, France
| | - N. Bideau
- M2S Laboratory, Univ Rennes, Avenue Robert Schuman, Campus de Ker Lann, Bruz, France
| | - M. Menard
- M2S Laboratory, Univ Rennes, Avenue Robert Schuman, Campus de Ker Lann, Bruz, France
| | - G. Nicolas
- M2S Laboratory, Univ Rennes, Avenue Robert Schuman, Campus de Ker Lann, Bruz, France
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Kunkle BW, Grenier-Boley B, Sims R, Bis JC, Damotte V, Naj AC, Boland A, Vronskaya M, van der Lee SJ, Amlie-Wolf A, Bellenguez C, Frizatti A, Chouraki V, Martin ER, Sleegers K, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Moreno-Grau S, Olaso R, Raybould R, Chen Y, Kuzma AB, Hiltunen M, Morgan T, Ahmad S, Vardarajan BN, Epelbaum J, Hoffmann P, Boada M, Beecham GW, Garnier JG, Harold D, Fitzpatrick AL, Valladares O, Moutet ML, Gerrish A, Smith AV, Qu L, Bacq D, Denning N, Jian X, Zhao Y, Del Zompo M, Fox NC, Choi SH, Mateo I, Hughes JT, Adams HH, Malamon J, Sanchez-Garcia F, Patel Y, Brody JA, Dombroski BA, Naranjo MCD, Daniilidou M, Eiriksdottir G, Mukherjee S, Wallon D, Uphill J, Aspelund T, Cantwell LB, Garzia F, Galimberti D, Hofer E, Butkiewicz M, Fin B, Scarpini E, Sarnowski C, Bush WS, Meslage S, Kornhuber J, White CC, Song Y, Barber RC, Engelborghs S, Sordon S, Voijnovic D, Adams PM, Vandenberghe R, Mayhaus M, Cupples LA, Albert MS, De Deyn PP, Gu W, Himali JJ, Beekly D, Squassina A, Hartmann AM, Orellana A, Blacker D, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Lovestone S, Garcia ME, Doody RS, Munoz-Fernadez C, Sussams R, Lin H, Fairchild TJ, Benito YA, Holmes C, Karamujić-Čomić H, Frosch MP, Thonberg H, Maier W, Roshchupkin G, Ghetti B, Giedraitis V, Kawalia A, Li S, Huebinger RM, Kilander L, Moebus S, Hernández I, Kamboh MI, Brundin R, Turton J, Yang Q, Katz MJ, Concari L, Lord J, Beiser AS, Keene CD, Helisalmi S, Kloszewska I, Kukull WA, Koivisto AM, Lynch A, Tarraga L, Larson EB, Haapasalo A, Lawlor B, Mosley TH, Lipton RB, Solfrizzi V, Gill M, Longstreth WT, Montine TJ, Frisardi V, Diez-Fairen M, Rivadeneira F, Petersen RC, Deramecourt V, Alvarez I, Salani F, Ciaramella A, Boerwinkle E, Reiman EM, Fievet N, Rotter JI, Reisch JS, Hanon O, Cupidi C, Andre Uitterlinden AG, Royall DR, Dufouil C, Maletta RG, de Rojas I, Sano M, Brice A, Cecchetti R, George-Hyslop PS, Ritchie K, Tsolaki M, Tsuang DW, Dubois B, Craig D, Wu CK, Soininen H, Avramidou D, Albin RL, Fratiglioni L, Germanou A, Apostolova LG, Keller L, Koutroumani M, Arnold SE, Panza F, Gkatzima O, Asthana S, Hannequin D, Whitehead P, Atwood CS, Caffarra P, Hampel H, Quintela I, Carracedo Á, Lannfelt L, Rubinsztein DC, Barnes LL, Pasquier F, Frölich L, Barral S, McGuinness B, Beach TG, Johnston JA, Becker JT, Passmore P, Bigio EH, Schott JM, Bird TD, Warren JD, Boeve BF, Lupton MK, Bowen JD, Proitsi P, Boxer A, Powell JF, Burke JR, Kauwe JSK, Burns JM, Mancuso M, Buxbaum JD, Bonuccelli U, Cairns NJ, McQuillin A, Cao C, Livingston G, Carlson CS, Bass NJ, Carlsson CM, Hardy J, Carney RM, Bras J, Carrasquillo MM, Guerreiro R, Allen M, Chui HC, Fisher E, Masullo C, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, Bisceglio G, Dick M, Ma L, Duara R, Graff-Radford NR, Evans DA, Hodges A, Faber KM, Scherer M, Fallon KB, Riemenschneider M, Fardo DW, Heun R, Farlow MR, Kölsch H, Ferris S, Leber M, Foroud TM, Heuser I, Galasko DR, Giegling I, Gearing M, Hüll M, Geschwind DH, Gilbert JR, Morris J, Green RC, Mayo K, Growdon JH, Feulner T, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Drichel D, Honig LS, Cushion TD, Huentelman MJ, Hollingworth P, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Marshall R, Jarvik GP, Meggy A, Abner E, Menzies GE, Jin LW, Leonenko G, Real LM, Jun GR, Baldwin CT, Grozeva D, Karydas A, Russo G, Kaye JA, Kim R, Jessen F, Kowall NW, Vellas B, Kramer JH, Vardy E, LaFerla FM, Jöckel KH, Lah JJ, Dichgans M, Leverenz JB, Mann D, Levey AI, Pickering-Brown S, Lieberman AP, Klopp N, Lunetta KL, Wichmann HE, Lyketsos CG, Morgan K, Marson DC, Brown K, Martiniuk F, Medway C, Mash DC, Nöthen MM, Masliah E, Hooper NM, McCormick WC, Daniele A, McCurry SM, Bayer A, McDavid AN, Gallacher J, McKee AC, van den Bussche H, Mesulam M, Brayne C, Miller BL, Riedel-Heller S, Miller CA, Miller JW, Al-Chalabi A, Morris JC, Shaw CE, Myers AJ, Wiltfang J, O'Bryant S, Olichney JM, Alvarez V, Parisi JE, Singleton AB, Paulson HL, Collinge J, Perry WR, Mead S, Peskind E, Cribbs DH, Rossor M, Pierce A, Ryan NS, Poon WW, Nacmias B, Potter H, Sorbi S, Quinn JF, Sacchinelli E, Raj A, Spalletta G, Raskind M, Caltagirone C, Bossù P, Orfei MD, Reisberg B, Clarke R, Reitz C, Smith AD, Ringman JM, Warden D, Roberson ED, Wilcock G, Rogaeva E, Bruni AC, Rosen HJ, Gallo M, Rosenberg RN, Ben-Shlomo Y, Sager MA, Mecocci P, Saykin AJ, Pastor P, Cuccaro ML, Vance JM, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Slifer S, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Swerdlow RH, Tang M, Tanzi RE, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wilhelmsen KC, Williamson J, Wingo TS, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Yu CE, Yu L, Saba Y, Pilotto A, Bullido MJ, Peters O, Crane PK, Bennett D, Bosco P, Coto E, Boccardi V, De Jager PL, Lleo A, Warner N, Lopez OL, Ingelsson M, Deloukas P, Cruchaga C, Graff C, Gwilliam R, Fornage M, Goate AM, Sanchez-Juan P, Kehoe PG, Amin N, Ertekin-Taner N, Berr C, Debette S, Love S, Launer LJ, Younkin SG, Dartigues JF, Corcoran C, Ikram MA, Dickson DW, Nicolas G, Campion D, Tschanz J, Schmidt H, Hakonarson H, Clarimon J, Munger R, Schmidt R, Farrer LA, Van Broeckhoven C, C O'Donovan M, DeStefano AL, Jones L, Haines JL, Deleuze JF, Owen MJ, Gudnason V, Mayeux R, Escott-Price V, Psaty BM, Ramirez A, Wang LS, Ruiz A, van Duijn CM, Holmans PA, Seshadri S, Williams J, Amouyel P, Schellenberg GD, Lambert JC, Pericak-Vance MA. Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer's disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing. Nat Genet 2019; 51:414-430. [PMID: 30820047 PMCID: PMC6463297 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1518] [Impact Index Per Article: 303.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the most prevalent dementia, is partially driven by genetics. To identify LOAD risk loci, we performed a large genome-wide association meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed LOAD (94,437 individuals). We confirm 20 previous LOAD risk loci and identify five new genome-wide loci (IQCK, ACE, ADAM10, ADAMTS1, and WWOX), two of which (ADAM10, ACE) were identified in a recent genome-wide association (GWAS)-by-familial-proxy of Alzheimer's or dementia. Fine-mapping of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region confirms the neurological and immune-mediated disease haplotype HLA-DR15 as a risk factor for LOAD. Pathway analysis implicates immunity, lipid metabolism, tau binding proteins, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, showing that genetic variants affecting APP and Aβ processing are associated not only with early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease but also with LOAD. Analyses of risk genes and pathways show enrichment for rare variants (P = 1.32 × 10-7), indicating that additional rare variants remain to be identified. We also identify important genetic correlations between LOAD and traits such as family history of dementia and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Maria Vronskaya
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Amlie-Wolf
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Aura Frizatti
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Kara L Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Rachel Raybould
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taniesha Morgan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR 894, Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jean-Guillaume Garnier
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie-Laure Moutet
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Amy Gerrish
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Liming Qu
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Delphine Bacq
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Nicola Denning
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Seung-Hoan Choi
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Mateo
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Joseph T Hughes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hieab H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Malamon
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Yogen Patel
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Makrina Daniilidou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - David Wallon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - James Uphill
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Centre for Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabienne Garzia
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mariusz Butkiewicz
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bertrand Fin
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Chloe Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Will S Bush
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stéphane Meslage
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charles C White
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuenjoo Song
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert C Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Sordon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Dina Voijnovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Perrie M Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Mayhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Jayanadra J Himali
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Melissa E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachelle S Doody
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Munoz-Fernadez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rebecca Sussams
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Fairchild
- Office of Strategy and Measurement, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yolanda A Benito
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Clive Holmes
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hakan Thonberg
- Theme Aging, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Alzheimer Research Center, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gennady Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amit Kawalia
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - RoseMarie Brundin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James Turton
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Letizia Concari
- Section of Neuroscience, DIMEC-University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- FERB-Alzheimer Center, Gazzaniga (Bergamo), Italy
| | - Jenny Lord
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Elderly and Psychiatric Disorders Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Maria Koivisto
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aoibhinn Lynch
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lluís Tarraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Departments of Medicine, Geriatrics, Gerontology and Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unity, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincenza Frisardi
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdamt, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent Deramecourt
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Salani
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciaramella
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nathalie Fievet
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Joan S Reisch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olivier Hanon
- University Paris Descartes, EA 4468, AP-HP, Geriatrics Department, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - A G Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdamt, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Donald R Royall
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, Family & Community Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Administration Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carole Dufouil
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital / CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm U1061 Neuropsychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/>GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR-S975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Craig
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chuang-Kuo Wu
- Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Despoina Avramidou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonia Germanou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Koutroumani
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesco Panza
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Olymbia Gkatzima
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrice Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florence Pasquier
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Janet A Johnston
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James T Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/>GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Michelle K Lupton
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Petra Proitsi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John F Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James R Burke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Departments of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris S Carlson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bass
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Regina M Carney
- Mental Health & Behavioral Science Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Rita Guerreiro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth A Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gina Bisceglio
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela Hodges
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kenneth B Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heike Kölsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Hüll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Mayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Feulner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindy E Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dmitriy Drichel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas D Cushion
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul Hollingworth
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Marshall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alun Meggy
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Erin Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Georgina E Menzies
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luis M Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Inserm U558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emma Vardy
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - James B Leverenz
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Mann
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Norman Klopp
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Chair of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
- Joint Biobank Munich and KORA Biobank, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel C Marson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Medway
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy
| | - Susan M McCurry
- School of Nursing Northwest Research Group on Aging, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony Bayer
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew N McDavid
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik van den Bussche
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscienceó, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscienceó, King's College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Goettingen, Germany
- IBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Collinge
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - William R Perry
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martin Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca, Trasferimento e Alta Formazione DENOTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eleonora Sacchinelli
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Donata Orfei
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Oxford Healthy Aging Project, Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A David Smith
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald Warden
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gordon Wilcock
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark A Sager
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lori S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda G Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mitchell Tang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kirk C Wilhelmsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Clinton B Wright
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Research Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department Geriatric Care, Orthogeriatrics and Rehabilitation, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria J Bullido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paola Bosco
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima Srl, Troina, Italy
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Phil L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick Warner
- Somerset Partnership NHS Trust, Somerset, UK
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Theme Aging, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Alzheimer Research Center, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rhian Gwilliam
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pascual Sanchez-Juan
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- University of Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research level 2, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nilifur Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Claudine Berr
- Inserm U1061 Neuropsychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Seth Love
- University of Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research level 2, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Departments of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
- Department of Research Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | | | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley Jones
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Michael J Owen
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente, Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Peter A Holmans
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julie Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phillippe Amouyel
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Lenglet H, Schmitt C, Grange T, Manceau H, Karboul N, Bouchet-Crivat F, Robreau AM, Nicolas G, Lamoril J, Simonin S, Mirmiran A, Karim Z, Casalino E, Deybach JC, Puy H, Peoc'h K, Gouya L. From a dominant to an oligogenic model of inheritance with environmental modifiers in acute intermittent porphyria. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1164-1173. [PMID: 29360981 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a disease affecting the heme biosynthesis pathway caused by mutations of the hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene. AIP is thought to display autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. We evaluated the prevalence, penetrance and heritability of AIP, in families with the disease from the French reference center for porphyria (CFP) (602 overt patients; 1968 relatives) and the general population, using Exome Variant Server (EVS; 12 990 alleles) data. The pathogenicity of the 42 missense variants identified was assessed in silico, and in vitro, by measuring residual HMBS activity of the recombinant protein. The minimal estimated prevalence of AIP in the general population was 1/1299. Thus, 50 000 subjects would be expected to carry the AIP genetic trait in France. Penetrance was estimated at 22.9% in families with AIP, but at only 0.5-1% in the general population. Intrafamily correlation studies showed correlations to be strong overall and modulated by kinship and the area in which the person was living, demonstrating strong influences of genetic and environmental modifiers on inheritance. Null alleles were associated with a more severe phenotype and a higher penetrance than for other mutant alleles. In conclusion, the striking difference in the penetrance of HMBS mutations between the general population and the French AIP families suggests that AIP inheritance does not follow the classical autosomal dominant model, instead of being modulated by strong environmental and genetic factors independent from HMBS. An oligogenic inheritance model with environmental modifiers might better explain AIP penetrance and heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Lenglet
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France.,Département des Urgences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Schmitt
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, F-75018 Paris, France.,Centre Français des Porphyries, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Louis Mourier, F-92701 Colombes, France
| | - Thomas Grange
- INSERM UMR_S1048 Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS) Université Paris Diderot, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Hana Manceau
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France and DHU Unity
| | - Narjesse Karboul
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Florian Bouchet-Crivat
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Robreau
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France.,Centre Français des Porphyries, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Louis Mourier, F-92701 Colombes, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Jerôme Lamoril
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Simonin
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Louis Mourier, F-92701 Colombes, France
| | - Arienne Mirmiran
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Enrique Casalino
- Département des Urgences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Deybach
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, F-75018 Paris, France.,Centre Français des Porphyries, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Louis Mourier, F-92701 Colombes, France
| | - Hervé Puy
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, F-75018 Paris, France.,Centre Français des Porphyries, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Louis Mourier, F-92701 Colombes, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Katell Peoc'h
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, F-75018 Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France and DHU Unity.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- UMRs 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75018 Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, F-75018 Paris, France.,Centre Français des Porphyries, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, HUPNVS, Hôpital Louis Mourier, F-92701 Colombes, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France
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Bouxin M, Schvartz B, Mestrallet S, Debrumetz A, Hentzien M, Tabary T, Cohen R, Nicolas G, Bani-Sadr F. Rituximab treatment in seronegative autoimmune autonomic neuropathy and autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy: Case-report and literature review. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 326:28-32. [PMID: 30468952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a rare disease with no well-established treatment. Until recently, AAG could be seropositive (50 to 60% of patients) or seronegative for ganglionic (α3-type) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Gα3NAChR) antibodies. In early 2018, the two forms of the disease were distinguished, separating seropositive from seronegative ones, designating this latter form "seronegative autoimmune autonomic neuropathy" (SAAN). Most described treatments are plasma exchange (PE) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). However in some cases with no or small benefit, other immunomodulatory therapies, such as rituximab have been reported. We report the case of a 24-year-old female patient successfully treated for SAAN with rituximab and steroids after IVIG and PE failure. We also provide a review of case-reports reporting rituximab treatment for both SAAN and AAG. METHODS To identify articles reporting SAAN and AAG treatment with rituximab, we searched the PubMed database using the terms "autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy", "autoimmune autonomic neuropathy" or "seronegative autoimmune autonomic neuropathy" and "rituximab". RESULTS Including our patient, nine cases have been described in the literature (4 SAAN and 5 AAG). Rituximab had a significant positive effect in 2 out of 4 SAAN and all 5 AAG cases, used alone or in association with other etiologic treatments. CONCLUSION Our study suggests rituximab (alone or in association with other treatments) could provide efficacy in both SAAN and AAG when PE and/or IVIG are not effective enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bouxin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, and Clinical Immunology, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - B Schvartz
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - S Mestrallet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, CH de Charleville-Mézières, Charleville-Mézières, France
| | - A Debrumetz
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - M Hentzien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, and Clinical Immunology, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - T Tabary
- Immunology Laboratory, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - R Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, and Clinical Immunology, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - G Nicolas
- Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France
| | - F Bani-Sadr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, and Clinical Immunology, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France; University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA-4684 / SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims F-51095, France.
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Samama M, Horellou MH, Soria J, Conard J, Nicolas G. Successful Progressive Anticoagulation in a Severe Protein C Deficiency and Previous Skin Necrosis at the Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Treatment. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1661040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Samama
- The Laboratoire Central d’Hématologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 75181 Paris Cédex 04, and the Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - M H Horellou
- The Laboratoire Central d’Hématologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 75181 Paris Cédex 04, and the Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - J Soria
- The Laboratoire Central d’Hématologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 75181 Paris Cédex 04, and the Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - J Conard
- The Laboratoire Central d’Hématologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 75181 Paris Cédex 04, and the Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - G Nicolas
- The Laboratoire Central d’Hématologie, Hôtel-Dieu, 75181 Paris Cédex 04, and the Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
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34
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Soria J, Soria C, Samama M, Nicolas G, Kisiel W. Severe Protein C Deficiency in Congenital Thrombotic Disease – Description of an Immunoenzymological Assay for Protein C Determination. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1661299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAn immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) is described for the quantitative assay of protein C in plasma. This technique allows a safe, reliable, and sensitive assay of protein C, and is easily used for routine investigation. Using this technique, a protein C deficiency (0.16 U/ml) was discovered in a 16 year old patient with a history of very severe thrombotic disease. Protein C deficiency was also discovered in his mother (0.62 U/ml) and father (0.50 U/ml). We therefore suggest that this case could represent a homozygous deficiency of protein C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Soria
- The Services des Professeurs Bernadou, Fabiani, Samama, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, the Services des Professeurs Caen et Rousselet, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris
| | - C Soria
- The Services des Professeurs Bernadou, Fabiani, Samama, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, the Services des Professeurs Caen et Rousselet, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris
| | - M Samama
- The Services des Professeurs Bernadou, Fabiani, Samama, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, the Services des Professeurs Caen et Rousselet, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris
| | - G Nicolas
- The C.H.U., Nantes, France
- The Services des Professeurs Bernadou, Fabiani, Samama, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, the Services des Professeurs Caen et Rousselet, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris
| | - W Kisiel
- The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- The Services des Professeurs Bernadou, Fabiani, Samama, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, the Services des Professeurs Caen et Rousselet, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris
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35
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Smol T, Petit F, Piton A, Keren B, Sanlaville D, Afenjar A, Baker S, Bedoukian EC, Bhoj EJ, Bonneau D, Boudry-Labis E, Bouquillon S, Boute-Benejean O, Caumes R, Chatron N, Colson C, Coubes C, Coutton C, Devillard F, Dieux-Coeslier A, Doco-Fenzy M, Ewans LJ, Faivre L, Fassi E, Field M, Fournier C, Francannet C, Genevieve D, Giurgea I, Goldenberg A, Green AK, Guerrot AM, Heron D, Isidor B, Keena BA, Krock BL, Kuentz P, Lapi E, Le Meur N, Lesca G, Li D, Marey I, Mignot C, Nava C, Nesbitt A, Nicolas G, Roche-Lestienne C, Roscioli T, Satre V, Santani A, Stefanova M, Steinwall Larsen S, Saugier-Veber P, Picker-Minh S, Thuillier C, Verloes A, Vieville G, Wenzel M, Willems M, Whalen S, Zarate YA, Ziegler A, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Kalscheuer VM, Gerard B, Ghoumid J. MED13L-related intellectual disability: involvement of missense variants and delineation of the phenotype. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:93-103. [PMID: 29511999 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular anomalies in MED13L, leading to haploinsufficiency, have been reported in patients with moderate to severe intellectual disability (ID) and distinct facial features, with or without congenital heart defects. Phenotype of the patients was referred to "MED13L haploinsufficiency syndrome." Missense variants in MED13L were already previously described to cause the MED13L-related syndrome, but only in a limited number of patients. Here we report 36 patients with MED13L molecular anomaly, recruited through an international collaboration between centers of expertise for developmental anomalies. All patients presented with intellectual disability and severe language impairment. Hypotonia, ataxia, and recognizable facial gestalt were frequent findings, but not congenital heart defects. We identified seven de novo missense variations, in addition to protein-truncating variants and intragenic deletions. Missense variants clustered in two mutation hot-spots, i.e., exons 15-17 and 25-31. We found that patients carrying missense mutations had more frequently epilepsy and showed a more severe phenotype. This study ascertains missense variations in MED13L as a cause for MED13L-related intellectual disability and improves the clinical delineation of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Smol
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France.,University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France
| | - F Petit
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - A Piton
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Keren
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - D Sanlaville
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Afenjar
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - S Baker
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E C Bedoukian
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E J Bhoj
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Bonneau
- Service de Génétique, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - E Boudry-Labis
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - S Bouquillon
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - O Boute-Benejean
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - R Caumes
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - N Chatron
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Colson
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - C Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Coutton
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - F Devillard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Dieux-Coeslier
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - M Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique, EA3801, SFR-CAP Santé, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - L J Ewans
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares 'Anomalies du Développement, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Equipe GAD, UMR INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - E Fassi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Field
- The Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Fournier
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Francannet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Genevieve
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Giurgea
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - A K Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A M Guerrot
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - D Heron
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - B Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Unité de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B A Keena
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B L Krock
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Kuentz
- Equipe GAD, UMR INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - E Lapi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - N Le Meur
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - G Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Li
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Marey
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Nava
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Nicolas
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Roche-Lestienne
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - T Roscioli
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Satre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Santani
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Stefanova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Steinwall Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - P Saugier-Veber
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Picker-Minh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Thuillier
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Verloes
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - G Vieville
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - M Wenzel
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Whalen
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Y A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Ziegler
- Service de Génétique, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - S Manouvrier-Hanu
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - V M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Gerard
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France. .,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France.
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36
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Le Guennec K, Quenez O, Nicolas G, Wallon D, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Alexander J, Paschou P, Charbonnier C, Bellenguez C, Grenier-Boley B, Lechner D, Bihoreau MT, Olaso R, Boland A, Meyer V, Deleuze JF, Amouyel P, Munter HM, Bourque G, Lathrop M, Frebourg T, Redon R, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Martinaud O, Kalev O, Mehrabian S, Traykov L, Ströbel T, Le Ber I, Caroppo P, Epelbaum S, Jonveaux T, Pasquier F, Rollin-Sillaire A, Génin E, Guyant-Maréchal L, Kovacs GG, Lambert JC, Hannequin D, Campion D, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Rovelet-Lecrux A. 17q21.31 duplication causes prominent tau-related dementia with increased MAPT expression. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1119-1125. [PMID: 27956742 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To assess the role of rare copy number variations in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conducted a case-control study using whole-exome sequencing data from 522 early-onset cases and 584 controls. The most recurrent rearrangement was a 17q21.31 microduplication, overlapping the CRHR1, MAPT, STH and KANSL1 genes that was found in four cases, including one de novo rearrangement, and was absent in controls. The increased MAPT gene dosage led to a 1.6-1.9-fold expression of the MAPT messenger RNA. Clinical signs, neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profiles were consistent with an AD diagnosis in MAPT duplication carriers. However, amyloid positon emission tomography (PET) imaging, performed in three patients, was negative. Analysis of an additional case with neuropathological examination confirmed that the MAPT duplication causes a complex tauopathy, including prominent neurofibrillary tangle pathology in the medial temporal lobe without amyloid-β deposits. 17q21.31 duplication is the genetic basis of a novel entity marked by prominent tauopathy, leading to early-onset dementia with an AD clinical phenotype. This entity could account for a proportion of probable AD cases with negative amyloid PET imaging recently identified in large clinical series.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Le Guennec
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - O Quenez
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - G Nicolas
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Wallon
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - S Rousseau
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A-C Richard
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - J Alexander
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - P Paschou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - C Charbonnier
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - C Bellenguez
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - B Grenier-Boley
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - D Lechner
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - M-T Bihoreau
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - R Olaso
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - A Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - V Meyer
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - J-F Deleuze
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France.,Fondation Jean Dausset, Centre d'études du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
| | - P Amouyel
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - H M Munter
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - G Bourque
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Lathrop
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - T Frebourg
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - R Redon
- Inserm, UMR 1087, l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L Letenneur
- INSERM, U1219, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J-F Dartigues
- INSERM, U1219, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - O Martinaud
- CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - O Kalev
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - S Mehrabian
- Department of Neurology, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - L Traykov
- Department of Neurology, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T Ströbel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Le Ber
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France.,CNR-MAJ, IMMA, département des maladies du système nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - P Caroppo
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France.,CNR-MAJ, IMMA, département des maladies du système nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - S Epelbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France.,CNR-MAJ, IMMA, département des maladies du système nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - T Jonveaux
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital de Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,Laboratoire INTERPSY, EA 4432, Groupe de recherche sur les Communications (GRC), Université de Lorraine, Psychologie, Nancy, France
| | - F Pasquier
- CNR-MAJ Inserm U1171, Univ Lille, CHU, Lille, France
| | | | - E Génin
- Inserm, UMR1078, CHU Brest, Université Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - L Guyant-Maréchal
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurophysiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - G G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - D Hannequin
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Campion
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Research, Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - A Rovelet-Lecrux
- Inserm, U1079, faculté de médecine, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Deschamps O, De Maleissye M, Nicolas G, Saiag P. Neuropathies périphériques sévères sous immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) dans le mélanome. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2016.09.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tu N, Carroll RK, Weiss A, Shaw LN, Nicolas G, Thomas S, Lima A, Okaro U, Anderson B. A family of genus-specific RNAs in tandem with DNA-binding proteins control expression of the badA major virulence factor gene in Bartonella henselae. Microbiologyopen 2016; 6. [PMID: 27790856 PMCID: PMC5387305 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae is a gram‐negative zoonotic bacterium that causes infections in humans including endocarditis and bacillary angiomatosis. B. henselae has been shown to grow as large aggregates and form biofilms in vitro. The aggregative growth and the angiogenic host response requires the trimeric autotransporter adhesin BadA. We examined the transcriptome of the Houston‐1 strain of B. henselae using RNA‐seq revealing nine novel, highly‐expressed intergenic transcripts (Bartonella regulatory transcript, Brt1‐9). The Brt family of RNAs is unique to the genus Bartonella and ranges from 194 to 203 nucleotides with high homology and stable predicted secondary structures. Immediately downstream of each of the nine RNA genes is a helix‐turn‐helix DNA‐binding protein (transcriptional regulatory protein, Trp1‐9) that is poorly transcribed under the growth conditions used for RNA‐seq. Using knockdown or overexpressing strains, we show a role of both the Brt1 and Trp1 in the regulation of badA and also in biofilm formation. Based on these data, we hypothesize that Brt1 is a trans‐acting sRNA that also serves as a cis‐acting riboswitch to control the expression of badA. This family of RNAs together with the downstream Trp DNA‐binding proteins represents a novel coordinated regulatory circuit controlling expression of virulence‐associated genes in the bartonellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Tu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Andy Weiss
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lindsey N Shaw
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amorce Lima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Udoka Okaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Burt Anderson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Lefebvre T, Dessendier N, Houamel D, Ialy-Radio N, Kannengiesser C, Manceau H, Beaumont C, Nicolas G, Gouya L, Puy H, Karim Z. LC-MS/MS method for hepcidin-25 measurement in human and mouse serum: clinical and research implications in iron disorders. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016; 53:1557-67. [PMID: 25781546 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peptide hepcidin plays a central role in regulating dietary iron absorption and body iron distribution. This 25-amino acid hormone is produced and secreted predominantly by hepatocytes. Hepcidin has been suggested as a promising diagnostic marker for iron-related disorders. However, its accurate quantification for clinical use remains so far challenging. In this report we describe a highly specific and quantitative serum hepcidin method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MATERIAL The analytical validation included the determination of the limit of detection, of quantification, repeatability, reproducibility and linearity. This assay was developed for human and mouse hepcidin. The human assay was performed on serum patients with unexplained microcytic anemia. We applied our LC-MS/MS method for quantifying hepcidin-1 in mouse in various conditions: inflammation, hemolytic anemia, Hamp-1, Hjv and Hfe KO mice. RESULTS We show that the LC-MS/MS is suitable for accurate determination of hepcidin-25 in clinical samples, thereby representing a useful tool for the clinical diagnosis and follow-up of iron-related diseases. In mouse, a strong correlation between hepatic Hamp-1 mRNA expression and serum hepcidin-1 levels was found (r=0.88; p=0.0002) and the expected variations in mouse models of iron disorders were observed. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we propose this adaptive LC-MS/MS method as a suitable method for accurate determination of hepcidin-25 in clinical samples and as a major tool contributing to the clinical diagnosis, follow-up and management of iron-related disorders. It also opens new avenues to measure hepcidin in animal models without interspecies antigenic limitations.
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Nicolas G, Charbonnier C, Wallon D, Quenez O, Bellenguez C, Grenier-Boley B, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Le Guennec K, Bacq D, Garnier JG, Olaso R, Boland A, Meyer V, Deleuze JF, Amouyel P, Munter HM, Bourque G, Lathrop M, Frebourg T, Redon R, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Génin E, Lambert JC, Hannequin D, Campion D. SORL1 rare variants: a major risk factor for familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:831-6. [PMID: 26303663 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The SORL1 protein plays a protective role against the secretion of the amyloid β peptide, a key event in the pathogeny of Alzheimer's disease. We assessed the impact of SORL1 rare variants in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) in a case-control setting. We conducted a whole exome analysis among 484 French EOAD patients and 498 ethnically matched controls. After collapsing rare variants (minor allele frequency ≤1%), we detected an enrichment of disruptive and predicted damaging missense SORL1 variants in cases (odds radio (OR)=5.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)=(2.02-14.99), P=7.49.10(-5)). This enrichment was even stronger when restricting the analysis to the 205 cases with a positive family history (OR=8.86, 95% CI=(3.35-27.31), P=3.82.10(-7)). We conclude that predicted damaging rare SORL1 variants are a strong risk factor for EOAD and that the association signal is mainly driven by cases with positive family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nicolas
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Inserm U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - C Charbonnier
- Inserm U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Wallon
- Inserm U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - O Quenez
- Inserm U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - C Bellenguez
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - B Grenier-Boley
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - S Rousseau
- CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A-C Richard
- CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A Rovelet-Lecrux
- Inserm U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - K Le Guennec
- Inserm U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - D Bacq
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - J-G Garnier
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - R Olaso
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - A Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - V Meyer
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - J-F Deleuze
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France.,Fondation Jean Dausset, Centre d'études du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
| | - P Amouyel
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - H M Munter
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - G Bourque
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Lathrop
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - T Frebourg
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Inserm U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - R Redon
- Inserm UMR 1087, l'institut du Thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L Letenneur
- Inserm U897, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - E Génin
- Inserm UMR1078, CHU Brest, Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - D Hannequin
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Inserm U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Campion
- Inserm U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Research, Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
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Boyer K, Gitiaux C, Nicolas G, Magot A, Mayer M, Barth M, Bonneau D, Rodriguez D, Desguerre I, Nguyen The Tich S, Péréon Y. ID 55 – Sensory neuropathy in children presenting with Behr syndrome due to OPA1 mutations. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wallon D, Nicolas G. Genetica delle demenze degenerative. Neurologia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(15)73962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Nicolas G, Battini JL, Giovannini D, Sitbon M, Hannequin D. [From the identification of the molecular bases of primary brain calcification to the disease mechanisms: New steps]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2015; 171:685-7. [PMID: 26318892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Nicolas
- Service de génétique et CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France; Inserm U1079, IRIB, Normandie université, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - J L Battini
- Institut de génétique moléculaire de Montpellier, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - D Giovannini
- Institut de génétique moléculaire de Montpellier, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - M Sitbon
- Institut de génétique moléculaire de Montpellier, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - D Hannequin
- Inserm U1079, IRIB, Normandie université, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen, France; Services de neurologie, de génétique et CNR-MAJ, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
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44
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Rovelet-Lecrux A, Charbonnier C, Wallon D, Nicolas G, Seaman MNJ, Pottier C, Breusegem SY, Mathur PP, Jenardhanan P, Le Guennec K, Mukadam AS, Quenez O, Coutant S, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Frebourg T, Hannequin D, Campion D. De novo deleterious genetic variations target a biological network centered on Aβ peptide in early-onset Alzheimer disease. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1046-56. [PMID: 26194182 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that de novo variants (DNV) might participate in the genetic determinism of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD, onset before 65 years). We investigated 14 sporadic EOAD trios first by array-comparative genomic hybridization. Two patients carried a de novo copy number variation (CNV). We then performed whole-exome sequencing in the 12 remaining trios and identified 12 non-synonymous DNVs in six patients. The two de novo CNVs (an amyloid precursor protein (APP) duplication and a BACE2 intronic deletion) and 3/12 non-synonymous DNVs (in PSEN1, VPS35 and MARK4) targeted genes from a biological network centered on the Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. We showed that this a priori-defined genetic network was significantly enriched in amino acid-altering DNV, compared with the rest of the exome. The causality of the APP de novo duplication (which is the first reported one) was obvious. In addition, we provided evidence of the functional impact of the following three non-synonymous DNVs targeting this network: the novel PSEN1 variant resulted in exon 9 skipping in patient's RNA, leading to a pathogenic missense at exons 8-10 junction; the VPS35 missense variant led to partial loss of retromer function, which may impact neuronal APP trafficking and Aβ secretion; and the MARK4 multiple nucleotide variant resulted into increased Tau phosphorylation, which may trigger enhanced Aβ-induced toxicity. Despite the difficulty to recruit Alzheimer disease (AD) trios owing to age structures of the pedigrees and the genetic heterogeneity of the disease, this strategy allowed us to highlight the role of de novo pathogenic events, the putative involvement of new genes in AD genetics and the key role of Aβ network alteration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rovelet-Lecrux
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Charbonnier
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Wallon
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - G Nicolas
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - M N J Seaman
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research/Dept of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Pottier
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Y Breusegem
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research/Dept of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - P P Mathur
- Centre of Bioinformatics and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India.,KIIT University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - P Jenardhanan
- Centre of Bioinformatics and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - K Le Guennec
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - A S Mukadam
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research/Dept of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - O Quenez
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - S Coutant
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Rousseau
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A-C Richard
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | | | - T Frebourg
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Hannequin
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - D Campion
- Inserm U1079, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Research, Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-Les-Rouen, France
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Karim Z, Lyoumi S, Nicolas G, Deybach JC, Gouya L, Puy H. Porphyrias: A 2015 update. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:412-25. [PMID: 26142871 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hereditary porphyrias comprise a group of eight metabolic disorders of the heme biosynthesis pathway. Each porphyria is caused by abnormal function at a separate enzymatic step resulting in a specific accumulation of heme precursors. Porphyrias are classified as hepatic or erythropoietic, based on the organ system in which heme precursors (δ-aminolevulinic acid [ALA], porphobilinogen and porphyrins) are overproduced. Clinically, porphyrias are characterized by acute neurovisceral symptoms, skin lesions or both. However, most if not all the porphyrias impair hepatic or gastrointestinal function. Acute hepatic porphyrias present with severe abdominal pain, nausea, constipation, confusion and seizure, which may be life threatening, and patients are at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis. Porphyria Cutanea presents with skin fragility and blisters, and patients are at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with liver iron overload. Erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria present with acute painful photosensitivity, and patients are at risk of acute liver failure. Altogether, porphyrias are still underdiagnosed, but once they are suspected, early diagnosis based on measurement of biochemical metabolites that accumulate in the blood, urine, or feces is essential so specific treatment can be started as soon as possible and long-term liver complications are prevented. Screening families to identify presymptomatic carriers is also crucial to prevent overt disease and chronic hepatic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoubida Karim
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence, GR-Ex, 24, Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Said Lyoumi
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence, GR-Ex, 24, Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 55, Avenue de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence, GR-Ex, 24, Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Deybach
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 55, Avenue de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; Centre français des porphyries, hôpital Louis-Mourier, AP-HP, 92701 Colombes, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 55, Avenue de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; Centre français des porphyries, hôpital Louis-Mourier, AP-HP, 92701 Colombes, France
| | - Hervé Puy
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, 16, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 55, Avenue de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; Centre français des porphyries, hôpital Louis-Mourier, AP-HP, 92701 Colombes, France.
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Rajabally YA, Cassereau J, Robbe A, Nicolas G. Disease status in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: inter-centre comparative analysis and correlates. Eur J Neurol 2015; 22:1469-73. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. A. Rajabally
- Neuromuscular Clinic; Department of Neurology; University Hospitals of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - J. Cassereau
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte Nantes-Angers; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers; Angers France
| | - A. Robbe
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte Nantes-Angers; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers; Angers France
| | - G. Nicolas
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte Nantes-Angers; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers; Angers France
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Morizot-Koutlidis R, André-Obadia N, Antoine JC, Attarian S, Ayache S, Azabou E, Benaderette S, Camdessanché JP, Cassereau J, Convers P, d’Anglejean J, Delval A, Durand MC, Etard O, Fayet G, Fournier E, Franques J, Gavaret M, Guehl D, Guerit JM, Krim E, Kubis N, Lacour A, Lozeron P, Mauguière F, Merle PE, Mesrati F, Mutschler V, Nicolas G, Nordine T, Pautot V, Péréon Y, Petiot P, Pouget J, Praline J, Salhi H, Trébuchon A, Tyvaert L, Vial C, Zola JM, Zyss J, Lefaucheur JP. Somatosensory evoked potentials in the assessment of peripheral neuropathies: Commented results of a survey among French-speaking practitioners and recommendations for practice. Neurophysiol Clin 2015; 45:131-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Bassissi F, Castellano R, Josselin E, Motersino C, Pouyet L, Goubard A, Rostouin A, Nicolas G, Brun S, Courcambeck J, Dubray C, Prébet T, Vey N, Béret A, Halfon P, Collette Y. 566 GNS396 and analogues are potent new small molecules to target and kill chemotherapy-resistant subpopulation cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Genevray M, Nicolas G, Letorunel F, Pautot V, Cassereau J. Les neuropathies anti-MAG : des neuropathies par hypersensibilité à la pression ? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2014.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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