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Robb H, Scrimgeour G, Boshier P, Przedlacka A, Balyasnikova S, Brown G, Bello F, Kontovounisios C. The current and possible future role of 3D modelling within oesophagogastric surgery: a scoping review. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:5907-5920. [PMID: 35277766 PMCID: PMC9283150 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3D reconstruction technology could revolutionise medicine. Within surgery, 3D reconstruction has a growing role in operative planning and procedures, surgical education and training as well as patient engagement. Whilst virtual and 3D printed models are already used in many surgical specialities, oesophagogastric surgery has been slow in their adoption. Therefore, the authors undertook a scoping review to clarify the current and future roles of 3D modelling in oesophagogastric surgery, highlighting gaps in the literature and implications for future research. METHODS A scoping review protocol was developed using a comprehensive search strategy based on internationally accepted guidelines and tailored for key databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Elsevier Scopus and ISI Web of Science). This is available through the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ta789) and was published in a peer-reviewed journal. Included studies underwent screening and full text review before inclusion. A thematic analysis was performed using pre-determined overarching themes: (i) surgical training and education, (ii) patient education and engagement, and (iii) operative planning and surgical practice. Where applicable, subthemes were generated. RESULTS A total of 56 papers were included. Most research was low-grade with 88% (n = 49) of publications at or below level III evidence. No randomised control trials or systematic reviews were found. Most literature (86%, n = 48) explored 3D reconstruction within operative planning. These were divided into subthemes of pre-operative (77%, n = 43) and intra-operative guidance (9%, n = 5). Few papers reported on surgical training and education (14%, n = 8), and were evenly subcategorised into virtual reality simulation (7%, n = 4) and anatomical teaching (7%, n = 4). No studies utilising 3D modelling for patient engagement and education were found. CONCLUSION The use of 3D reconstruction is in its infancy in oesophagogastric surgery. The quality of evidence is low and key themes, such as patient engagement and education, remain unexplored. Without high quality research evaluating the application and benefits of 3D modelling, oesophagogastric surgery may be left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Robb
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Piers Boshier
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Przedlacka
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gina Brown
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Christos Kontovounisios
- Imperial College London, London, UK.
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Chelsea Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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You Y, Kim CY, Kim SK, Chung BS, Har D, Choi J, Park JS. Advanced-sectioned images obtained by microsectioning of the entire male body. Clin Anat 2021; 35:79-86. [PMID: 34591338 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Realistic two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) applications for anatomical studies are being developed from true-colored sectioned images. We generated advanced-sectioned images of the entire male body and verified that anatomical structures of both normal and abnormal shapes could be visualized in them. The cadaver was serially sectioned at constant intervals using a cryomacrotome. The sectioned surfaces were photographed using a digital camera to generate horizontal advanced-sectioned images in which normal and abnormal structures were classified. Advanced-sectioned images of the entire male body were generated. The image resolution was 3.3 × 3.3 fold better than that of the first sectioned images obtained in 2002. In the advanced-sectioned images, normal and abnormal structures ranging from microscopic (≥0.06 mm × 0.06 mm; pixel size) to macroscopic (≤473.1 mm × 202 mm; body size) could be identified. Furthermore, the real shapes and actual sites of lung cancer and lymph node enlargement were ascertained in them. Such images will be useful because of their true color and high resolution in digital 2D and 3D applications for gross anatomy and clinical anatomy. In future, we plan to generate new advanced-sectioned images of abnormal cadavers with different diseases for clinical anatomy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian You
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Chung Yoh Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Beom Sun Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Donghwan Har
- College of ICT Engineering, Chung Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jin Seo Park
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The curved sectional planes of the human body can provide a new approach of surface anatomy that the classical horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes cannot do. The purpose of this study was to verify whether the curved sectional planes contribute to the morphological comprehension of anatomical structures. METHODS By stacking the sectioned images of a male cadaver, a volume model of the right half body was produced (voxel size 1 mm). The sectioned images with the segmentation data were also used to build another volume model. The volume models were peeled and rotated to be screen captured. The captured images were loaded on user-friendly browsing software that had been made in the laboratory. RESULTS The browsing software was downloadable from the authors' homepage (anatomy.co.kr). On the software, the volume model was peeled at 1 mm thicknesses and rotated at 30 degrees. Since the volume models were made from the cadaveric images, actual colors of the structures were displayed in high resolution. Thanks to the segmentation data, the structures on the volume model could be automatically annotated. Using the software, the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the cubital fossa in the upper limb region, and the femoral triangle in the lower limb region were observed to be described. CONCLUSION For the students learning various medical procedures, the software presents the needed graphic information of the human body. The curved sectional planes are expected to be a tool for disciplinary convergence of the sectional anatomy and surface anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koojoo Kwon
- Department of Smart Information Technology, Baewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Seok Shin
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Suk Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Beom Sun Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Shin DS, Shim YJ, Kim BC. Sectioned images and 3D models of a cadaver head with reference to dermal filler injection. Ann Anat 2018; 217:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chung BS, Chung MS, Shin BS, Kwon K. Three Software Tools for Viewing Sectional Planes, Volume Models, and Surface Models of a Cadaver Hand. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e64. [PMID: 29441756 PMCID: PMC5809753 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hand anatomy, including the complicated hand muscles, can be grasped by using computer-assisted learning tools with high quality two-dimensional images and three-dimensional models. The purpose of this study was to present up-to-date software tools that promote learning of stereoscopic morphology of the hand. METHODS On the basis of horizontal sectioned images and outlined images of a male cadaver, vertical planes, volume models, and surface models were elaborated. Software to browse pairs of the sectioned and outlined images in orthogonal planes and software to peel and rotate the volume models, as well as a portable document format (PDF) file to select and rotate the surface models, were produced. RESULTS All of the software tools were downloadable free of charge and usable off-line. The three types of tools for viewing multiple aspects of the hand could be adequately employed according to individual needs. CONCLUSION These new tools involving the realistic images of a cadaver and the diverse functions are expected to improve comprehensive knowledge of the hand shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Sun Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Suk Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byeong Seok Shin
- Department of Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Koojoo Kwon
- Department of Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
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Simonds E, Wilson C, Iwanaga J, Laws T, Holley G, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. A Comprehensive Review of Medical Imaging Equipment Used in Cadaveric Studies. Cureus 2018. [PMID: 29535907 PMCID: PMC5841925 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical imaging techniques have led to great advances in clinical anatomy and forensic pathology. New and emerging technologies allow healthcare professionals to view and understand the human body from different perspectives. This gives way to new and improved interventions, treatment plans, and an overall understanding of the human body. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the various medical imaging equipment used in cadaveric studies along with their individual strengths and limitations.
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Abstract
The thousands of serial images used for medical pedagogy cannot be included in a printed book; they also cannot be efficiently handled by ordinary image viewer software. The purpose of this study was to provide browsing software to grasp serial medical images efficiently. The primary function of the newly programmed software was to select images using 3 types of interfaces: buttons or a horizontal scroll bar, a vertical scroll bar, and a checkbox. The secondary function was to show the names of the structures that had been outlined on the images. To confirm the functions of the software, 3 different types of image data of cadavers (sectioned and outlined images, volume models of the stomach, and photos of the dissected knees) were inputted. The browsing software was downloadable for free from the homepage (anatomy.co.kr) and available off-line. The data sets provided could be replaced by any developers for their educational achievements. We anticipate that the software will contribute to medical education by allowing users to browse a variety of images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koojoo Kwon
- Department of Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Suk Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Seo Park
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Byeong Seok Shin
- Department of Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Beom Sun Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Chung BS, Kwon K, Shin B, Chung MS. Surface models and gradually peeled volume model to explore hand structures. Ann Anat 2017; 211:202-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Trelease RB. From chalkboard, slides, and paper to e-learning: How computing technologies have transformed anatomical sciences education. Anat Sci Educ 2016; 9:583-602. [PMID: 27163170 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Until the late-twentieth century, primary anatomical sciences education was relatively unenhanced by advanced technology and dependent on the mainstays of printed textbooks, chalkboard- and photographic projection-based classroom lectures, and cadaver dissection laboratories. But over the past three decades, diffusion of innovations in computer technology transformed the practices of anatomical education and research, along with other aspects of work and daily life. Increasing adoption of first-generation personal computers (PCs) in the 1980s paved the way for the first practical educational applications, and visionary anatomists foresaw the usefulness of computers for teaching. While early computers lacked high-resolution graphics capabilities and interactive user interfaces, applications with video discs demonstrated the practicality of programming digital multimedia linking descriptive text with anatomical imaging. Desktop publishing established that computers could be used for producing enhanced lecture notes, and commercial presentation software made it possible to give lectures using anatomical and medical imaging, as well as animations. Concurrently, computer processing supported the deployment of medical imaging modalities, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound, that were subsequently integrated into anatomy instruction. Following its public birth in the mid-1990s, the World Wide Web became the ubiquitous multimedia networking technology underlying the conduct of contemporary education and research. Digital video, structural simulations, and mobile devices have been more recently applied to education. Progressive implementation of computer-based learning methods interacted with waves of ongoing curricular change, and such technologies have been deemed crucial for continuing medical education reforms, providing new challenges and opportunities for anatomical sciences educators. Anat Sci Educ 9: 583-602. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Trelease
- Division of Integrative Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for the Health Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Sun Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Suk Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byeong Seok Shin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Koojoo Kwon
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
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