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Sekar T, Sebire NJ. Renal Pathology of Ciliopathies. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2024:10935266241242173. [PMID: 38616607 DOI: 10.1177/10935266241242173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Renal ciliopathies are a group of genetic disorders that affect the function of the primary cilium in the kidney, as well as other organs. Since primary cilia are important for regulation of cell signaling pathways, ciliary dysfunction results in a range of clinical manifestations, including renal failure, cyst formation, and hypertension. We summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiological and pathological features of renal ciliopathies in childhood, including autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, as well as skeletal dysplasia associated renal ciliopathies. The genetic basis of these disorders is now well-established in many cases, with mutations in a large number of cilia-related genes such as PKD1, PKD2, BBS, MKS, and NPHP being responsible for the majority of cases. Renal ciliopathies are broadly characterized by development of interstitial fibrosis and formation of multiple renal cysts which gradually enlarge and replace normal renal tissue, with each condition demonstrating subtle differences in the degree, location, and age-related development of cysts and fibrosis. Presentation varies from prenatal diagnosis of congenital multisystem syndromes to an asymptomatic childhood with development of complications in later adulthood and therefore clinicopathological correlation is important, including increasing use of targeted genetic testing or whole genome sequencing, allowing greater understanding of genetic pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivya Sekar
- Histopathology Department, Level 3 CBL Labs, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Histopathology Department, Level 3 CBL Labs, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Zhang X, Yao S, Zhang L, Yang L, Yang M, Guo Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Lei B, Jin X. Mechanisms underlying morphological and functional changes of cilia in fibroblasts derived from patients bearing ARL3 T31A and ARL3 T31A/C118F mutations. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23519. [PMID: 38457249 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301906r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
ARL3 is essential for cilia development, and mutations in ARL3 are closely associated with ciliopathies. In a previous study, we observed distinct phenotypes of retinal dystrophy in patients with heterozygous ARL3T31A and compound heterozygous ARL3T31A/C118F mutations, indicating that different mutation types may exert diverse effects on their functions. Here, we generated transformed immortal fibroblast cells from patients carrying heterozygous ARL3T31A and compound heterozygous ARL3T31A/C118F mutations, and systematically evaluated their cilia morphology and function, which were further validated in ARPE-19 cells. Results showed that both ARL3T31A and ARL3T31A/C118F mutations led to a decrease in cilium formation. The ARL3T31A/C118F mutations caused significantly elongated cilia and impaired retrograde transport, whereas the ARL3T31A mutation did not induce significant changes in fibroblasts. RNA-sequencing results indicated that compared to ARL3T31A , ARL3T31A/C118F fibroblasts exhibited a higher enrichment of biological processes related to neuron projection development, tissue morphogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, with noticeable alterations in pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and TGF-β signaling. Similar changes were observed in the proteomic results in ARPE-19 cells. Core regulated genes including IQUB, UNC13D, RAB3IP, and GRIP1 were specifically downregulated in the ARL3T31A/C118F group, and expressions of IQUB, NPM2, and SLC38A4 were further validated. Additionally, IQUB showed a rescuing effect on the overlong cilia observed in ARL3T31A/C118F fibroblasts. Our results not only enhance our understanding of ARL3-related diseases but also provide new insights into the analysis of heterozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Eye Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingzhu Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Eye Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiuxiu Jin
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Eye Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Cetiner M, Bergmann C, Bettendorf M, Faust J, Gäckler A, Gillissen B, Hansen M, Kerber M, Klaus G, König J, Kühlewein L, Oh J, Richter-Unruh A, von Schnurbein J, Wabitsch M, Weihrauch-Blüher S, Pape L. [Improved Care and Treatment Options for Patients with Hyperphagia-Associated Obesity in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome]. Klin Padiatr 2024. [PMID: 38458231 DOI: 10.1055/a-2251-5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare, autosomal recessive multisystem disease. The pathophysiological origin is a dysfunction of the primary cilium. Clinical symptoms are heterogeneous and variable: retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, kidney abnormalities, hypogenitalism and developmental delays are the most common features. By the approval of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist setmelanotide, a drug therapy for BBS-associated hyperphagia and obesity can be offered for the first time. Hyperphagia and severe obesity represent a considerable burden and are associated with comorbidity and increased mortality risk. Due to the limited experience with setmelanotide in BBS, a viable comprehensive therapy concept is to be presented. Therapy decision and management should be conducted in expert centers. For best therapeutic effects with setmelanotide adequate information of the patient about the modalities of the therapy (daily subcutaneous injection) and possible adverse drug events are necessary. Furthermore, the involvement of psychologists, nutritionists and nursing services (support for the application) should be considered together with the patient. The assessment of therapy response should be carried out with suitable outcome measurements and centrally reported to an adequate register.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Cetiner
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Human genetic diagnostics, Medical Genetics Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Bettendorf
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Heidelberg University Hospital Department of General Pediatrics Pediatric Neurology Metabolic Diseases Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Faust
- Psychiatry and psychotherapy, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, München, Germany
| | - Anja Gäckler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernarda Gillissen
- Bardet Biedl syndrome Working Group, PRO RETINA Deutschland e V, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Hansen
- KFH Kidney Center for Children and Adolescents, Clementine Children's Hospital - Dr Christ'sche Foundation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kerber
- Bardet Biedl syndrome Working Group, PRO RETINA Deutschland e V, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Klaus
- KFH Kidney Center for Children and Adolescents, University Hospitals Giessen and Marburg Campus Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens König
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Kühlewein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen Clinic of Ophthalmology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jun Oh
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Department of Pediatrics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Richter-Unruh
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Lars Pape
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Rinaldi L, Chiuso F, Senatore E, Borzacchiello D, Lignitto L, Iannucci R, Donne RD, Fuggi M, Reale C, Russo F, Russo NA, Giurato G, Rizzo F, Sellitto A, Santangelo M, De Biase D, Paciello O, D'Ambrosio C, Amente S, Garbi C, Dalla E, Scaloni A, Weisz A, Ambrosino C, Insabato L, Feliciello A. Downregulation of praja2 restrains endocytosis and boosts tyrosine kinase receptors in kidney cancer. Commun Biol 2024; 7:208. [PMID: 38379085 PMCID: PMC10879500 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common kidney cancer in the adult population. Late diagnosis, resistance to therapeutics and recurrence of metastatic lesions account for the highest mortality rate among kidney cancer patients. Identifying novel biomarkers for early cancer detection and elucidating the mechanisms underlying ccRCC will provide clues to treat this aggressive malignant tumor. Here, we report that the ubiquitin ligase praja2 forms a complex with-and ubiquitylates the AP2 adapter complex, contributing to receptor endocytosis and clearance. In human RCC tissues and cells, downregulation of praja2 by oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) and the proteasome markedly impairs endocytosis and clearance of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and amplifies downstream mitogenic and proliferative signaling. Restoring praja2 levels in RCC cells downregulates EGFR, rewires cancer cell metabolism and ultimately inhibits tumor cell growth and metastasis. Accordingly, genetic ablation of praja2 in mice upregulates RTKs (i.e. EGFR and VEGFR) and induces epithelial and vascular alterations in the kidney tissue.In summary, our findings identify a regulatory loop between oncomiRs and the ubiquitin proteasome system that finely controls RTKs endocytosis and clearance, positively impacting mitogenic signaling and kidney cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Senatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Borzacchiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Lignitto
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Rosa Iannucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Fuggi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Filomena Russo
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Giurato
- Genome Research Center for Health, Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Genome Research Center for Health, Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Michele Santangelo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Pathology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara D'Ambrosio
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Genome Research Center for Health, Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology University of Sannio, Sannio, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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5
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Dupont N, Claude-Taupin A, Codogno P. A historical perspective of macroautophagy regulation by biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:17-31. [PMID: 37777819 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a lysosomal degradative pathway for intracellular macromolecules, protein aggregates, and organelles. The formation of the autophagosome, a double membrane-bound structure that sequesters cargoes before their delivery to the lysosome, is regulated by several stimuli in multicellular organisms. Pioneering studies in rat liver showed the importance of amino acids, insulin, and glucagon in controlling macroautophagy. Thereafter, many studies have deciphered the signaling pathways downstream of these biochemical stimuli to control autophagosome formation. Two signaling hubs have emerged: the kinase mTOR, in a complex at the surface of lysosomes which is sensitive to nutrients and hormones; and AMPK, which is sensitive to the cellular energetic status. Besides nutritional, hormonal, and energetic fluctuations, many organs have to respond to mechanical forces (compression, stretching, and shear stress). Recent studies have shown the importance of mechanotransduction in controlling macroautophagy. This regulation engages cell surface sensors, such as the primary cilium, in order to translate mechanical stimuli into biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dupont
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, France
| | - Aurore Claude-Taupin
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, France
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Abstract
Primary cilia, antenna-like sensory organelles protruding from the surface of most vertebrate cell types, are essential for regulating signalling pathways during development and adult homeostasis. Mutations in genes affecting cilia cause an overlapping spectrum of >30 human diseases and syndromes, the ciliopathies. Given the immense structural and functional diversity of the mammalian cilia repertoire, there is a growing disconnect between patient genotype and associated phenotypes, with variable severity and expressivity characteristic of the ciliopathies as a group. Recent technological developments are rapidly advancing our understanding of the complex mechanisms that control biogenesis and function of primary cilia across a range of cell types and are starting to tackle this diversity. Here, we examine the structural and functional diversity of primary cilia, their dynamic regulation in different cellular and developmental contexts and their disruption in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Silva DF, Cavadas C. Primary cilia shape hallmarks of health and aging. Trends Mol Med 2023:S1471-4914(23)00071-0. [PMID: 37137787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are specialized organelles that sense changes in extracellular milieu, and their malfunction is responsible for several disorders (ciliopathies). Increasing evidence shows that primary cilia regulate tissue and cellular aging related features, which led us to review the evidence on their role in potentiating and/or accelerating the aging process. Primary cilia malfunction is associated with some age-related disorders, from cancer to neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. However, there is limited understanding of molecular pathways underlying primary cilia dysfunction, resulting in scarce ciliary-targeted therapies available. Here, we discuss the findings on primary cilia dysfunction as modulators of the health and aging hallmarks, and the pertinence of ciliary pharmacological targeting to promote healthy aging or treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Filipa Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Melluso A, Secondulfo F, Capolongo G, Capasso G, Zacchia M. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: Current Perspectives and Clinical Outlook. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:115-132. [PMID: 36741589 PMCID: PMC9896974 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s338653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited disorder considered a model of non-motile ciliopathy. It is in fact caused by mutations of genes encoding for proteins mainly localized to the base of the cilium. Clinical features of BBS patients are widely shared with patients suffering from other ciliopathies, especially autosomal recessive syndromic disorders; moreover, mutations in cilia-related genes can cause different clinical ciliopathy entities. Besides the best-known clinical features, as retinal degeneration, learning disabilities, polydactyly, obesity and renal defects, several additional clinical signs have been reported in BBS, expanding our understanding of the complexity of its clinical spectrum. The present review aims to describe the current knowledge of BBS i) pathophysiology, ii) clinical manifestations, highlighting both the most common and the less described features, iii) current and future perspective for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Melluso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Secondulfo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy,Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, AV, 83031, Italy
| | - Miriam Zacchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy,Correspondence: Miriam Zacchia, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy, Tel +39 081 566 6650, Fax +39 081 566 6671, Email
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Rinaldi L, Senatore E, Iannucci R, Chiuso F, Feliciello A. Control of Mitochondrial Activity by the Ubiquitin Code in Health and Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:234. [PMID: 36672167 PMCID: PMC9856579 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is tightly connected to the broad variety of mitochondrial functions. To stay healthy, cells need a constant supply of nutrients, energy production and antioxidants defenses, undergoing programmed death when a serious, irreversible damage occurs. The key element of a functional integration of all these processes is the correct crosstalk between cell signaling and mitochondrial activities. Once this crosstalk is interrupted, the cell is not able to communicate its needs to mitochondria, resulting in oxidative stress and development of pathological conditions. Conversely, dysfunctional mitochondria may affect cell viability, even in the presence of nutrients supply and energy production, indicating the existence of feed-back control mechanisms between mitochondria and other cellular compartments. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a multi-step biochemical pathway that, through the conjugation of ubiquitin moieties to specific protein substrates, controls cellular proteostasis and signaling, removing damaged or aged proteins that might otherwise accumulate and affect cell viability. In response to specific needs or changed extracellular microenvironment, the UPS modulates the turnover of mitochondrial proteins, thus influencing the organelle shape, dynamics and function. Alterations of the dynamic and reciprocal regulation between mitochondria and UPS underpin genetic and proliferative disorders. This review focuses on the mitochondrial metabolism and activities supervised by UPS and examines how deregulation of this control mechanism results in proliferative disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Kretschmar C, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Reyes M, Peña-Oyarzún D, García-Navarrete C, Troncoso R, Díaz-Castro F, Budini M, Morselli E, Riquelme JA, Hill JA, Lavandero S, Criollo A. Methods for studying primary cilia in heart tissue after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 176:85-101. [PMID: 37164544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. After heart injury triggered by myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, extensive zones of tissue are damaged and some of the tissue dies by necrosis and/or apoptosis. The loss of contractile mass activates a series of biochemical mechanisms that allow, through cardiac remodeling, the replacement of the dysfunctional heart tissue by fibrotic material. Our previous studies have shown that primary cilia, non-motile antenna-like structures at the cell surface required for the activation of specific signaling pathways, are present in cardiac fibroblasts and required for cardiac fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice. I/R-induced myocardial fibrosis promotes the enrichment of ciliated cardiac fibroblasts where the myocardial injury occurs. Given discussions about the existence of cilia in specific cardiac cell types, as well as the functional relevance of studying cilia-dependent signaling in cardiac fibrosis after I/R, here we describe our methods to evaluate the presence and roles of primary cilia in cardiac fibrosis after I/R in mice.
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Abstract
Diabetes is a growing pandemic affecting over ten percent of the U.S. population. Individuals with all types of diabetes exhibit glucose dysregulation due to altered function and coordination of pancreatic islets. Within the critical intercellular space in pancreatic islets, the primary cilium emerges as an important physical structure mediating cell-cell crosstalk and signal transduction. Many events leading to hormone secretion, including GPCR and second-messenger signaling, are spatiotemporally regulated at the level of the cilium. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of cilia action in islet hormone regulation and glucose homeostasis, focusing on newly implicated ciliary pathways that regulate insulin exocytosis and intercellular communication. We present evidence of key signaling proteins on islet cilia and discuss ways in which cilia might functionally connect islet endocrine cells with the non-endocrine compartments. These discussions aim to stimulate conversations regarding the extent of cilia-controlled glucose homeostasis in health and in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing W. Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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Claude-Taupin A, Dupont N, Codogno P. Autophagy and the primary cilium in cell metabolism: What’s upstream? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1046248. [PMID: 36438551 PMCID: PMC9682156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to extracellular stimuli, i.e., nutrient and hormone signaling, hypoxia, or mechanical forces by autophagy, is vital for the health of various tissues. The primary cilium (PC) is a microtubule-based sensory organelle that regulates the integration of several extracellular stimuli. Over the past decade, an interconnection between autophagy and PC has begun to be revealed. Indeed, the PC regulates autophagy and in turn, a selective form of autophagy called ciliophagy contributes to the regulation of ciliogenesis. Moreover, the PC regulates both mitochondrial biogenesis and lipophagy to produce free fatty acids. These two pathways converge to activate oxidative phosphorylation and produce ATP, which is mandatory for cell metabolism and membrane transport. The autophagy-dependent production of energy is fully efficient when the PC senses shear stress induced by fluid flow. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk between autophagy, the PC and physical forces in the regulation of cell biology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- *Correspondence: Aurore Claude-Taupin, ; Nicolas Dupont, ; Patrice Codogno,
| | - Patrice Codogno
- *Correspondence: Aurore Claude-Taupin, ; Nicolas Dupont, ; Patrice Codogno,
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Masson J, El Ghouzzi V. Golgi Dysfunctions in Ciliopathies. Cells 2022; 11:2773. [PMID: 36139347 PMCID: PMC9496873 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is essential for intracellular sorting, trafficking and the targeting of proteins to specific cellular compartments. Anatomically, the GA spreads all over the cell but is also particularly enriched close to the base of the primary cilium. This peculiar organelle protrudes at the surface of almost all cells and fulfills many cellular functions, in particular during development, when a dysfunction of the primary cilium can lead to disorders called ciliopathies. While ciliopathies caused by loss of ciliated proteins have been extensively documented, several studies suggest that alterations of GA and GA-associated proteins can also affect ciliogenesis. Here, we aim to discuss how the loss-of-function of genes coding these proteins induces ciliary defects and results in ciliopathies.
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Senatore E, Feliciello A. Proteolysis at work: when time matters for a sensory organelle. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200137. [PMID: 35876401 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Senatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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