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Sekar T, Sebire NJ. Renal Pathology of Ciliopathies. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2024:10935266241242173. [PMID: 38616607 DOI: 10.1177/10935266241242173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Renal ciliopathies are a group of genetic disorders that affect the function of the primary cilium in the kidney, as well as other organs. Since primary cilia are important for regulation of cell signaling pathways, ciliary dysfunction results in a range of clinical manifestations, including renal failure, cyst formation, and hypertension. We summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiological and pathological features of renal ciliopathies in childhood, including autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, as well as skeletal dysplasia associated renal ciliopathies. The genetic basis of these disorders is now well-established in many cases, with mutations in a large number of cilia-related genes such as PKD1, PKD2, BBS, MKS, and NPHP being responsible for the majority of cases. Renal ciliopathies are broadly characterized by development of interstitial fibrosis and formation of multiple renal cysts which gradually enlarge and replace normal renal tissue, with each condition demonstrating subtle differences in the degree, location, and age-related development of cysts and fibrosis. Presentation varies from prenatal diagnosis of congenital multisystem syndromes to an asymptomatic childhood with development of complications in later adulthood and therefore clinicopathological correlation is important, including increasing use of targeted genetic testing or whole genome sequencing, allowing greater understanding of genetic pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivya Sekar
- Histopathology Department, Level 3 CBL Labs, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Histopathology Department, Level 3 CBL Labs, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Livermore P, Kupiec K, Wedderburn LR, Knight A, Solebo AL, Shafran R, Robert G, Sebire NJ, Gibson F. Designing, Developing, and Testing a Chatbot for Parents and Caregivers of Children and Young People With Rheumatological Conditions (the IMPACT Study): Protocol for a Co-Designed Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e57238. [PMID: 38568725 PMCID: PMC11024752 DOI: 10.2196/57238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric rheumatology is a term that encompasses over 80 conditions affecting different organs and systems. Children and young people with rheumatological chronic conditions are known to have high levels of mental health problems and therefore are at risk of poor health outcomes. Clinical psychologists can help children and young people manage the daily difficulties of living with one of these conditions; however, there are insufficient pediatric psychologists in the United Kingdom. We urgently need to consider other ways of providing early, essential support to improve their current well-being. One way of doing this is to empower parents and caregivers to have more of the answers that their children and young people need to support them further between their hospital appointments. OBJECTIVE The objective of this co-designed proof-of-concept study is to design, develop, and test a chatbot intervention to support parents and caregivers of children and young people with rheumatological conditions. METHODS This study will explore the needs and views of children and young people with rheumatological conditions, their siblings, parents, and caregivers, as well as health care professionals working in pediatric rheumatology. We will ask approximately 100 participants in focus groups where they think the gaps are in current clinical care and what ideas they have for improving upon them. Creative experience-based co-design workshops will then decide upon top priorities to develop further while informing the appearance, functionality, and practical delivery of a chatbot intervention. Upon completion of a minimum viable product, approximately 100 parents and caregivers will user-test the chatbot intervention in an iterative sprint methodology to determine its worth as a mechanism for support for parents. RESULTS A total of 73 children, young people, parents, caregivers, and health care professionals have so far been enrolled in the study, which began in November 2023. The anticipated completion date of the study is April 2026. The data analysis is expected to be completed in January 2026, with the results being published in April 2026. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide evidence on the accessibility, acceptability, and usability of a chatbot intervention for parents and caregivers of children and young people with rheumatological conditions. If proven useful, it could lead to a future efficacy trial of one of the first chatbot interventions to provide targeted and user-suggested support for parents and caregivers of children with chronic health conditions in health care services. This study is unique in that it will detail the needs and wants of children, young people, siblings, parents, and caregivers to improve the current support given to families living with pediatric rheumatological conditions. It will be conducted across the whole of the United Kingdom for all pediatric rheumatological conditions at all stages of the disease trajectory. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/57238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Livermore
- Rheumatology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH and GOSH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Klaudia Kupiec
- Rheumatology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH and GOSH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ameenat L Solebo
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Opthamology Department, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roz Shafran
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - N J Sebire
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Gibson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Director of Research - Nursing and Allied Health, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Issitt RW, Cudworth E, Cortina-Borja M, Gupta A, Kallon D, Crook R, Shaw M, Robertson A, Tsang VT, Henwood S, Muthurangu V, Sebire NJ, Burch M, Fenton M. Rapid desensitization through immunoadsorption during cardiopulmonary bypass. A novel method to facilitate human leukocyte antigen incompatible heart transplantation. Perfusion 2024; 39:543-554. [PMID: 36625378 PMCID: PMC10943618 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221151035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-antibody production represents a major barrier to heart transplantation, limiting recipient compatibility with potential donors and increasing the risk of complications with poor waiting-list outcomes. Currently there is no consensus to when desensitization should take place, and through what mechanism, meaning that sensitized patients must wait for a compatible donor for many months, if not years. We aimed to determine if intraoperative immunoadsorption could provide a potential desensitization methodology. METHODS Anti-HLA antibody-containing whole blood was added to a Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit set up to mimic a 20 kg patient undergoing heart transplantation. Plasma was separated and diverted to a standalone, secondary immunoadsorption system, with antibody-depleted plasma returned to the CPB circuit. Samples for anti-HLA antibody definition were taken at baseline, when combined with the CPB prime (on bypass), and then every 20 min for the duration of treatment (total 180 min). RESULTS A reduction in individual allele median fluorescence intensity (MFI) to below clinically relevant levels (<1000 MFI), and in the majority of cases below the lower positive detection limit (<500 MFI), even in alleles with a baseline MFI >4000 was demonstrated. Reduction occurred in all cases within 120 min, demonstrating efficacy in a time period usual for heart transplantation. Flowcytometric crossmatching of suitable pseudo-donor lymphocytes demonstrated a change from T cell and B cell positive channel shifts to negative, demonstrating a reduction in binding capacity. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative immunoadsorption in an ex vivo setting demonstrates clinically relevant reductions in anti-HLA antibodies within the normal timeframe for heart transplantation. This method represents a potential desensitization technique that could enable sensitized children to accept a donor organ earlier, even in the presence of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Issitt
- Perfusion Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environment, NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Eamonn Cudworth
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arun Gupta
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Delordson Kallon
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Crook
- Perfusion Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Michael Shaw
- Perfusion Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Alex Robertson
- Perfusion Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Victor T Tsang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sophie Henwood
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Vivek Muthurangu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environment, NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Michael Burch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Fenton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Visram S, Rogers Y, Sebire NJ. Developing a conceptual framework for the early adoption of healthcare technologies in hospitals. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-02860-8. [PMID: 38459179 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Visram
- Data Research, Innovation and Virtual Environments (DRIVE), NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
- UCL Interaction Centre, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Yvonne Rogers
- UCL Interaction Centre, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Data Research, Innovation and Virtual Environments (DRIVE), NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Polubothu S, Riachi M, Stadnik P, Ogunbiyi O, Brändli-Wälchli R, Cullup T, Sebire NJ, Pittman A, Kinsler VA. Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus should be genotyped to direct treatment and genetic counseling. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00342-6. [PMID: 38360177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyamaanasa Polubothu
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Melissa Riachi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Paulina Stadnik
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Olumide Ogunbiyi
- Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Thomas Cullup
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Genetics Research Centre (A.P.), St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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Simcock IC, Shelmerdine SC, Hutchinson JC, Sebire NJ, Arthurs OJ. Body weight-based iodinated contrast immersion timing for human fetal postmortem microfocus computed tomography. BJR Open 2024; 6:tzad006. [PMID: 38352185 PMCID: PMC10860501 DOI: 10.1093/bjro/tzad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the length of time required to achieve full iodination using potassium tri-iodide as a contrast agent, prior to human fetal postmortem microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging. Methods Prospective assessment of optimal contrast iodination was conducted across 157 human fetuses (postmortem weight range 2-298 g; gestational age range 12-37 weeks), following micro-CT imaging. Simple linear regression was conducted to analyse which fetal demographic factors could produce the most accurate estimate for optimal iodination time. Results Postmortem body weight (r2 = 0.6435) was better correlated with iodination time than gestational age (r2 = 0.1384), producing a line of best fit, y = [0.0304 × body weight (g)] - 2.2103. This can be simplified for clinical use whereby immersion time (days) = [0.03 × body weight (g)] - 2.2. Using this formula, for example, a 100-g fetus would take 5.2 days to reach optimal contrast enhancement. Conclusions The simplified equation can now be used to provide estimation times for fetal contrast preparation time prior to micro-CT imaging and can be used to manage service throughput and parental expectation for return of their fetus. Advances in knowledge A simple equation from empirical data can now be used to estimate preparation time for human fetal postmortem micro-CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Simcock
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Susan C Shelmerdine
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - John Ciaran Hutchinson
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Sebire
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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Arora A, Alderman JE, Palmer J, Ganapathi S, Laws E, McCradden MD, Oakden-Rayner L, Pfohl SR, Ghassemi M, McKay F, Treanor D, Rostamzadeh N, Mateen B, Gath J, Adebajo AO, Kuku S, Matin R, Heller K, Sapey E, Sebire NJ, Cole-Lewis H, Calvert M, Denniston A, Liu X. The value of standards for health datasets in artificial intelligence-based applications. Nat Med 2023; 29:2929-2938. [PMID: 37884627 PMCID: PMC10667100 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence as a medical device is increasingly being applied to healthcare for diagnosis, risk stratification and resource allocation. However, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the risk of algorithmic bias, which may perpetuate existing health inequity. This problem arises in part because of systemic inequalities in dataset curation, unequal opportunity to participate in research and inequalities of access. This study aims to explore existing standards, frameworks and best practices for ensuring adequate data diversity in health datasets. Exploring the body of existing literature and expert views is an important step towards the development of consensus-based guidelines. The study comprises two parts: a systematic review of existing standards, frameworks and best practices for healthcare datasets; and a survey and thematic analysis of stakeholder views of bias, health equity and best practices for artificial intelligence as a medical device. We found that the need for dataset diversity was well described in literature, and experts generally favored the development of a robust set of guidelines, but there were mixed views about how these could be implemented practically. The outputs of this study will be used to inform the development of standards for transparency of data diversity in health datasets (the STANDING Together initiative).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Arora
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph E Alderman
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joanne Palmer
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Elinor Laws
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Melissa D McCradden
- Department of Bioethics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Oakden-Rayner
- The Australian Institute for Machine Learning, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Marzyeh Ghassemi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francis McKay
- The Ethox Centre and the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Darren Treanor
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Bilal Mateen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust, London, UK
| | - Jacqui Gath
- Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) Group, STANDING Together, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adewole O Adebajo
- Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) Group, STANDING Together, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Rubeta Matin
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- PIONEER, HDR UK Hub in Acute Care, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University Hospital London, London, UK
| | | | - Melanie Calvert
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham-Oxford Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Precision Transplant and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- DEMAND Hub, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- UK SPINE, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alastair Denniston
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital/University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Mufti N, Chappell J, O'Brien P, Attilakos G, Irzan H, Sokolska M, Narayanan P, Gaunt T, Humphries PD, Patel P, Whitby E, Jauniaux E, Hutchinson JC, Sebire NJ, Atkinson D, Kendall G, Ourselin S, Vercauteren T, David AL, Melbourne A. Use of super resolution reconstruction MRI for surgical planning in Placenta accreta spectrum disorder: Case series. Placenta 2023; 142:36-45. [PMID: 37634372 PMCID: PMC10937261 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comprehensive imaging using ultrasound and MRI of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) aims to prevent catastrophic haemorrhage and maternal death. Standard MRI of the placenta is limited by between-slice motion which can be mitigated by super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) MRI. We applied SRR in suspected PAS cases to determine its ability to enhance anatomical placental assessment and predict adverse maternal outcome. METHODS Suspected PAS patients (n = 22) underwent MRI at a gestational age (weeks + days) of (32+3±3+2, range (27+1-38+6)). SRR of the placental-myometrial-bladder interface involving rigid motion correction of acquired MRI slices combined with robust outlier detection to reconstruct an isotropic high-resolution volume, was achieved in twelve. 2D MRI or SRR images alone, and paired data were assessed by four radiologists in three review rounds. All radiologists were blinded to results of the ultrasound, original MR image reports, case outcomes, and PAS diagnosis. A Random Forest Classification model was used to highlight the most predictive pathological MRI markers for major obstetric haemorrhage (MOH), bladder adherence (BA), and placental attachment depth (PAD). RESULTS At delivery, four patients had placenta praevia with no abnormal attachment, two were clinically diagnosed with PAS, and six had histopathological PAS confirmation. Pathological MRI markers (T2-dark intraplacental bands, and loss of retroplacental T2-hypointense line) predicting MOH were more visible using SRR imaging (accuracy 0.73), in comparison to 2D MRI or paired imaging. Bladder wall interruption, predicting BA, was only easily detected by paired imaging (accuracy 0.72). Better detection of certain pathological markers predicting PAD was found using 2D MRI (placental bulge and myometrial thinning (accuracy 0.81)), and SRR (loss of retroplacental T2-hypointense line (accuracy 0.82)). DISCUSSION The addition of SRR to 2D MRI potentially improved anatomical assessment of certain pathological MRI markers of abnormal placentation that predict maternal morbidity which may benefit surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Mufti
- Elizabeth Garret Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, UK; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College London, UK.
| | - Joanna Chappell
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College London, UK
| | | | | | - Hassna Irzan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College London, UK
| | - Magda Sokolska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London Hospitals, UK
| | | | - Trevor Gaunt
- University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | | | - Eric Jauniaux
- Elizabeth Garret Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, UK; University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - David Atkinson
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, UK
| | - Giles Kendall
- Elizabeth Garret Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, UK; University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College London, UK
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College London, UK
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garret Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, UK; University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK; NIHR, University College London Hospitals BRC, UK
| | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College London, UK
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Spencer R, Maksym K, Hecher K, Maršál K, Figueras F, Ambler G, Whitwell H, Nené NR, Sebire NJ, Hansson SR, Diemert A, Brodszki J, Gratacós E, Ginsberg Y, Weissbach T, Peebles DM, Zachary I, Marlow N, Huertas-Ceballos A, David AL. Maternal PlGF and umbilical Dopplers predict pregnancy outcomes at diagnosis of early-onset fetal growth restriction. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169199. [PMID: 37712421 PMCID: PMC10503803 DOI: 10.1172/jci169199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDSevere, early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) causes significant fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Predicting the outcome of affected pregnancies at the time of diagnosis is difficult, thus preventing accurate patient counseling. We investigated the use of maternal serum protein and ultrasound measurements at diagnosis to predict fetal or neonatal death and 3 secondary outcomes: fetal death or delivery at or before 28+0 weeks, development of abnormal umbilical artery (UmA) Doppler velocimetry, and slow fetal growth.METHODSWomen with singleton pregnancies (n = 142, estimated fetal weights [EFWs] below the third centile, less than 600 g, 20+0 to 26+6 weeks of gestation, no known chromosomal, genetic, or major structural abnormalities) were recruited from 4 European centers. Maternal serum from the discovery set (n = 63) was analyzed for 7 proteins linked to angiogenesis, 90 additional proteins associated with cardiovascular disease, and 5 proteins identified through pooled liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Patient and clinician stakeholder priorities were used to select models tested in the validation set (n = 60), with final models calculated from combined data.RESULTSThe most discriminative model for fetal or neonatal death included the EFW z score (Hadlock 3 formula/Marsal chart), gestational age, and UmA Doppler category (AUC, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.97) but was less well calibrated than the model containing only the EFW z score (Hadlock 3/Marsal). The most discriminative model for fetal death or delivery at or before 28+0 weeks included maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) concentration and UmA Doppler category (AUC, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94).CONCLUSIONUltrasound measurements and maternal serum PlGF concentration at diagnosis of severe, early-onset FGR predicted pregnancy outcomes of importance to patients and clinicians.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02097667.FUNDINGThe European Union, Rosetrees Trust, Mitchell Charitable Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Spencer
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kasia Maksym
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kurt Hecher
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karel Maršál
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Francesc Figueras
- Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi í Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gareth Ambler
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Whitwell
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Phenome Centre and Imperial Clinical Phenotyping Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction and
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Rocha Nené
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J. Sebire
- Population, Policy and Practice Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anke Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Brodszki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi í Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuval Ginsberg
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Weissbach
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Donald M. Peebles
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Zachary
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Marlow
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Huertas-Ceballos
- Neonatal Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. David
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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D'Gama AM, Mulhern S, Sheidley BR, Boodhoo F, Buts S, Chandler NJ, Cobb J, Curtis M, Higginbotham EJ, Holland J, Khan T, Koh J, Liang NSY, McRae L, Nesbitt SE, Oby BT, Paternoster B, Patton A, Rose G, Scotchman E, Valentine R, Wiltrout KN, Hayeems RZ, Jain P, Lunke S, Marshall CR, Rockowitz S, Sebire NJ, Stark Z, White SM, Chitty LS, Cross JH, Scheffer IE, Chau V, Costain G, Poduri A, Howell KB, McTague A. Evaluation of the feasibility, diagnostic yield, and clinical utility of rapid genome sequencing in infantile epilepsy (Gene-STEPS): an international, multicentre, pilot cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:812-825. [PMID: 37596007 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most neonatal and infantile-onset epilepsies have presumed genetic aetiologies, and early genetic diagnoses have the potential to inform clinical management and improve outcomes. We therefore aimed to determine the feasibility, diagnostic yield, and clinical utility of rapid genome sequencing in this population. METHODS We conducted an international, multicentre, cohort study (Gene-STEPS), which is a pilot study of the International Precision Child Health Partnership (IPCHiP). IPCHiP is a consortium of four paediatric centres with tertiary-level subspecialty services in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. We recruited infants with new-onset epilepsy or complex febrile seizures from IPCHiP centres, who were younger than 12 months at seizure onset. We excluded infants with simple febrile seizures, acute provoked seizures, known acquired cause, or known genetic cause. Blood samples were collected from probands and available biological parents. Clinical data were collected from medical records, treating clinicians, and parents. Trio genome sequencing was done when both parents were available, and duo or singleton genome sequencing was done when one or neither parent was available. Site-specific protocols were used for DNA extraction and library preparation. Rapid genome sequencing and analysis was done at clinically accredited laboratories, and results were returned to families. We analysed summary statistics for cohort demographic and clinical characteristics and the timing, diagnostic yield, and clinical impact of rapid genome sequencing. FINDINGS Between Sept 1, 2021, and Aug 31, 2022, we enrolled 100 infants with new-onset epilepsy, of whom 41 (41%) were girls and 59 (59%) were boys. Median age of seizure onset was 128 days (IQR 46-192). For 43 (43% [binomial distribution 95% CI 33-53]) of 100 infants, we identified genetic diagnoses, with a median time from seizure onset to rapid genome sequencing result of 37 days (IQR 25-59). Genetic diagnosis was associated with neonatal seizure onset versus infantile seizure onset (14 [74%] of 19 vs 29 [36%] of 81; p=0·0027), referral setting (12 [71%] of 17 for intensive care, 19 [44%] of 43 non-intensive care inpatient, and 12 [28%] of 40 outpatient; p=0·0178), and epilepsy syndrome (13 [87%] of 15 for self-limited epilepsies, 18 [35%] of 51 for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, 12 [35%] of 34 for other syndromes; p=0·001). Rapid genome sequencing revealed genetic heterogeneity, with 34 unique genes or genomic regions implicated. Genetic diagnoses had immediate clinical utility, informing treatment (24 [56%] of 43), additional evaluation (28 [65%]), prognosis (37 [86%]), and recurrence risk counselling (all cases). INTERPRETATION Our findings support the feasibility of implementation of rapid genome sequencing in the clinical care of infants with new-onset epilepsy. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to further assess the role of rapid genetic diagnosis in improving clinical, quality-of-life, and economic outcomes. FUNDING American Academy of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital Children's Rare Disease Cohorts Initiative, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Epilepsy Canada, Feiga Bresver Academic Foundation, Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity, Medical Research Council, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute for Health and Care Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, One8 Foundation, Ontario Brain Institute, Robinson Family Initiative for Transformational Research, The Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa M D'Gama
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Mulhern
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth R Sheidley
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fadil Boodhoo
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sarah Buts
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Aachen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Natalie J Chandler
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joanna Cobb
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meredith Curtis
- Division of Genome Diagnostics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jonathon Holland
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tayyaba Khan
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Koh
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole S Y Liang
- Department of Genetic Counselling, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lyndsey McRae
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah E Nesbitt
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Brandon T Oby
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben Paternoster
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alistair Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
| | - Graham Rose
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Scotchman
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rozalia Valentine
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly N Wiltrout
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin Z Hayeems
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Puneet Jain
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Division of Genome Diagnostics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Research Computing, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil J Sebire
- DRIVE Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyn S Chitty
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - J Helen Cross
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Austin Health, and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vann Chau
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine B Howell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy McTague
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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11
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Gates L, Mistry T, Ogunbiyi O, Kite KA, Klein NJ, Sebire NJ, Alber DG. Identification of bacterial pathogens in sudden unexpected death in infancy and childhood using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171670. [PMID: 37396359 PMCID: PMC10309030 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) is the most common cause of post-neonatal death in the developed world. Following an extensive investigation, the cause of ~40% of deaths remains unknown. It is hypothesized that a proportion of deaths are due to an infection that remains undetected due to limitations in routine techniques. This study aimed to apply 16S rRNA gene sequencing to post-mortem (PM) tissues collected from cases of SUDI, as well as those from the childhood equivalent (collectively known as sudden unexpected death in infancy and childhood or SUDIC), to investigate whether this molecular approach could help identify potential infection-causing bacteria to enhance the diagnosis of infection. Methods In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to de-identified frozen post-mortem (PM) tissues from the diagnostic archive of Great Ormond Street Hospital. The cases were grouped depending on the cause of death: (i) explained non-infectious, (ii) infectious, and (iii) unknown. Results and conclusions In the cases of known bacterial infection, the likely causative pathogen was identified in 3/5 cases using bacterial culture at PM compared to 5/5 cases using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Where a bacterial infection was identified at routine investigation, the same organism was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Using these findings, we defined criteria based on sequencing reads and alpha diversity to identify PM tissues with likely infection. Using these criteria, 4/20 (20%) cases of unexplained SUDIC were identified which may be due to bacterial infection that was previously undetected. This study demonstrates the potential feasibility and effectiveness of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in PM tissue investigation to improve the diagnosis of infection, potentially reducing the number of unexplained deaths and improving the understanding of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Gates
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Talisa Mistry
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, Histopathology Department, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olumide Ogunbiyi
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, Histopathology Department, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry-Anne Kite
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J. Klein
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J. Sebire
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, Histopathology Department, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmar G. Alber
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Simcock IC, Lamouroux A, Sebire NJ, Shelmerdine SC, Arthurs OJ. Less-invasive autopsy for early pregnancy loss. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:937-949. [PMID: 37127547 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Autopsy investigations provide valuable information regarding fetal death that can assist in the parental bereavement process, and influence future pregnancies, but conventional autopsy is often declined by parents because of its invasive approach. This has led to the development of less-invasive autopsy investigations based on imaging technology to provide a more accessible and acceptable choice for parents when investigating their loss. Whilst the development and use of more conventional clinical imaging techniques (radiographs, CT, MRI, US) are well described in the literature for fetuses over 20 weeks of gestational age, these investigations have limited diagnostic accuracy in imaging smaller fetuses. Techniques such as ultra-high-field MRI (>3T) and micro-focus computed tomography have been shown to have higher diagnostic accuracy whilst still being acceptable to parents. By further developing and increasing the availability of these more innovative imaging techniques, parents will be provided with a greater choice of acceptable options to investigate their loss, which may in turn increase their uptake. We provide a narrative review focussing on the development of high-resolution, non-invasive imaging techniques to evaluate early gestational pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Simcock
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Audrey Lamouroux
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Obstetrical Gynaecology Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
- Clinical Genetics Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- ICAR Research Team, LIRMM, CNRS and Charles Coulomb Laboratory, UMR 5221 CNRS-UM, BNIF User Facility Imaging, University of Montpellier, Nîmes and Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Neil J Sebire
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Susan C Shelmerdine
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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13
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Colley CS, Hutchinson JC, Whitten SM, Siassakos D, Sebire NJ, Hillman SL. Routine placental histopathology findings from women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy: Retrospective cohort comparative study. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 37077035 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of maternal Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on placental histopathological findings in an unselected population and evaluate the potential effect on the fetus, including the possibility of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). DESIGN Retrospective cohort comparative study of placental histopathological findings in patients with COVID-19, compared with controls. SETTING During the COVID-19 pandemic, placentas were studied from women at University College Hospital London who reported and/or tested positive for COVID-19. POPULATION Of 10 508 deliveries, 369 (3.5%) women had COVID-19 during pregnancy, with placental histopathology available for 244 women. METHODS Retrospective review of maternal and neonatal characteristics, where placental analysis had been performed. This was compared with available, previously published, histopathological findings from placentas of unselected women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequency of placental histopathological findings and relevant clinical outcomes. RESULTS Histological abnormalities were reported in 117 of 244 (47.95%) cases, with the most common diagnosis being ascending maternal genital tract infection. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of most abnormalities compared with controls. There were four cases of COVID-19 placentitis (1.52%, 95% CI 0.04%-3.00%) and one possible congenital infection, with placental findings of acute maternal genital tract infection. The rate of fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM), at 4.5%, was higher compared with controls (p = 0.00044). CONCLUSIONS In most cases, placentas from pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus do not show a significantly increased frequency of pathology. Evidence for transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is lacking from this cohort. There is a need for further study into the association between FVM, infection and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S Colley
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - J Ciaran Hutchinson
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Sara M Whitten
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Dimitrios Siassakos
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Sara L Hillman
- University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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14
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Hayward A, Robertson A, Thiruchelvam T, Broadhead M, Tsang VT, Sebire NJ, Issitt RW. Oxygen delivery in pediatric cardiac surgery and its association with acute kidney injury using machine learning. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:1505-1516. [PMID: 35840430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute kidney injury (AKI) after pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a frequently reported complication. In this study we aimed to determine the oxygen delivery indexed to body surface area (Do2i) threshold associated with postoperative AKI in pediatric patients during CPB, and whether it remains clinically important in the context of other known independent risk factors. METHODS A single-institution, retrospective study, encompassing 396 pediatric patients, who underwent heart surgery between April 2019 and April 2021 was undertaken. Time spent below Do2i thresholds were compared to determine the critical value for all stages of AKI occurring within 48 hours of surgery. Do2i threshold was then included in a classification analysis with known risk factors including nephrotoxic drug usage, surgical complexity, intraoperative data, comorbidities and ventricular function data, and vasoactive inotrope requirement to determine Do2i predictive importance. RESULTS Logistic regression models showed cumulative time spent below a Do2i value of 350 mL/min/m2 was associated with AKI. Random forest models, incorporating established risk factors, showed Do2i threshold still maintained predictive importance. Patients who developed post-CPB AKI were younger, had longer CPB and ischemic times, and required higher inotrope support postsurgery. CONCLUSIONS The present data support previous findings that Do2i during CPB is an independent risk factor for AKI development in pediatric patients. Furthermore, the data support previous suggestions of a higher threshold value in children compared with that in adults and indicate that adjustments in Do2i management might reduce incidence of postoperative AKI in the pediatric cardiac surgery population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hayward
- Department of Perfusion, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Robertson
- Department of Perfusion, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Thiruchelvam
- Department of Intensive Care, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Broadhead
- Department of Anesthetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor T Tsang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environment, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W Issitt
- Department of Perfusion, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environment, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, United Kingdom.
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Visram S, Leyden D, Annesley O, Bappa D, Sebire NJ. Engaging children and young people on the potential role of artificial intelligence in medicine. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:440-444. [PMID: 35393524 PMCID: PMC9937917 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its application to medicine. Perceptions of AI are less well-known, notably amongst children and young people (CYP). This workshop investigates attitudes towards AI and its future applications in medicine and healthcare at a specialised paediatric hospital using practical design scenarios. METHOD Twenty-one members of a Young Persons Advisory Group for research contributed to an engagement workshop to ascertain potential opportunities, apprehensions, and priorities. RESULTS When presented as a selection of practical design scenarios, we found that CYP were more open to some applications of AI in healthcare than others. Human-centeredness, governance and trust emerged as early themes, with empathy and safety considered as important when introducing AI to healthcare. Educational workshops with practical examples using AI to help, but not replace humans were suggested to address issues, build trust, and effectively communicate about AI. CONCLUSION Whilst policy guidelines acknowledge the need to include children and young people to develop AI, this requires an enabling environment for human-centred AI involving children and young people with lived experiences of healthcare. Future research should focus on building consensus on enablers for an intelligent healthcare system designed for the next generation, which fundamentally, allows co-creation. IMPACT Children and young people (CYP) want to be included to share their insights about the development of research on the potential role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine and healthcare and are more open to some applications of AI than others. Whilst it is acknowledged that a research gap on involving and engaging CYP in developing AI policies exists, there is little in the way of pragmatic and practical guidance for healthcare staff on this topic. This requires research on enabling environments for ongoing digital cooperation to identify and prioritise unmet needs in the application and development of AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Visram
- Department of Computer Science | UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, London, UK.
- DRIVE Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
| | - Deirdre Leyden
- Young Persons Advisory Group (YPAG), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Oceiah Annesley
- Young Persons Advisory Group (YPAG), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Dauda Bappa
- Young Persons Advisory Group (YPAG), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- DRIVE Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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16
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Bowyer SA, Bryant WA, Key D, Booth J, Briggs L, Spiridou A, Cortina-Borja M, Davies G, Taylor AM, Sebire NJ. Machine learning forecasting for COVID-19 pandemic-associated effects on paediatric respiratory infections. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:e36. [PMID: 35948401 PMCID: PMC9685698 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-323822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent government restrictions have had a major impact on healthcare services and disease transmission, particularly those associated with acute respiratory infection. This study examined non-identifiable routine electronic patient record data from a specialist children's hospital in England, UK, examining the effect of pandemic mitigation measures on seasonal respiratory infection rates compared with forecasts based on open-source, transferable machine learning models. METHODS We performed a retrospective longitudinal study of respiratory disorder diagnoses between January 2010 and February 2022. All diagnoses were extracted from routine healthcare activity data and diagnosis rates were calculated for several diagnosis groups. To study changes in diagnoses, seasonal forecast models were fit to prerestriction period data and extrapolated. RESULTS Based on 144 704 diagnoses from 31 002 patients, all but two diagnosis groups saw a marked reduction in diagnosis rates during restrictions. We observed 91%, 89%, 72% and 63% reductions in peak diagnoses of 'respiratory syncytial virus', 'influenza', 'acute nasopharyngitis' and 'acute bronchiolitis', respectively. The machine learning predictive model calculated that total diagnoses were reduced by up to 73% (z-score: -26) versus expected during restrictions and increased by up to 27% (z-score: 8) postrestrictions. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the association between COVID-19 related restrictions and significant reductions in paediatric seasonal respiratory infections. Moreover, while many infection rates have returned to expected levels postrestrictions, others remain supressed or followed atypical winter trends. This study further demonstrates the applicability and efficacy of routine electronic record data and cross-domain time-series forecasting to model, monitor, analyse and address clinically important issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Bowyer
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - William A Bryant
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Daniel Key
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - John Booth
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Lydia Briggs
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Anastassia Spiridou
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Gwyneth Davies
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Andrew M Taylor
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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17
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Baker C, Xochicale M, Lin FY, Mathews S, Joubert F, Shakir DI, Miles R, Mosse CA, Zhao T, Liang W, Kunpalin Y, Dromey B, Mistry T, Sebire NJ, Zhang E, Ourselin S, Beard PC, David AL, Desjardins AE, Vercauteren T, Xia W. Intraoperative Needle Tip Tracking with an Integrated Fibre-Optic Ultrasound Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9035. [PMID: 36501738 PMCID: PMC9739176 DOI: 10.3390/s22239035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is an essential tool for guidance of many minimally-invasive surgical and interventional procedures, where accurate placement of the interventional device is critical to avoid adverse events. Needle insertion procedures for anaesthesia, fetal medicine and tumour biopsy are commonly ultrasound-guided, and misplacement of the needle may lead to complications such as nerve damage, organ injury or pregnancy loss. Clear visibility of the needle tip is therefore critical, but visibility is often precluded by tissue heterogeneities or specular reflections from the needle shaft. This paper presents the in vitro and ex vivo accuracy of a new, real-time, ultrasound needle tip tracking system for guidance of fetal interventions. A fibre-optic, Fabry-Pérot interferometer hydrophone is integrated into an intraoperative needle and used to localise the needle tip within a handheld ultrasound field. While previous, related work has been based on research ultrasound systems with bespoke transmission sequences, the new system-developed under the ISO 13485 Medical Devices quality standard-operates as an adjunct to a commercial ultrasound imaging system and therefore provides the image quality expected in the clinic, superimposing a cross-hair onto the ultrasound image at the needle tip position. Tracking accuracy was determined by translating the needle tip to 356 known positions in the ultrasound field of view in a tank of water, and by comparison to manual labelling of the the position of the needle in B-mode US images during an insertion into an ex vivo phantom. In water, the mean distance between tracked and true positions was 0.7 ± 0.4 mm with a mean repeatability of 0.3 ± 0.2 mm. In the tissue phantom, the mean distance between tracked and labelled positions was 1.1 ± 0.7 mm. Tracking performance was found to be independent of needle angle. The study demonstrates the performance and clinical compatibility of ultrasound needle tracking, an essential step towards a first-in-human study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baker
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Miguel Xochicale
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sunish Mathews
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Francois Joubert
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Dzhoshkun I. Shakir
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Richard Miles
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Charles A. Mosse
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Tianrui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Weidong Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Yada Kunpalin
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Brian Dromey
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Talisa Mistry
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Neil J. Sebire
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Edward Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Paul C. Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Anna L. David
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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18
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Meshaka R, Pinto Dos Santos D, Arthurs OJ, Sebire NJ, Shelmerdine SC. Artificial intelligence reporting guidelines: what the pediatric radiologist needs to know. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:2101-2110. [PMID: 34196729 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There has been an exponential rise in artificial intelligence (AI) research in imaging in recent years. While the dissemination of study data that has the potential to improve clinical practice is welcomed, the level of detail included in early AI research reporting has been highly variable and inconsistent, particularly when compared to more traditional clinical research. However, inclusion checklists are now commonly available and accessible to those writing or reviewing clinical research papers. AI-specific reporting guidelines also exist and include distinct requirements, but these can be daunting for radiologists new to the field. Given that pediatric radiology is a specialty faced with workforce shortages and an ever-increasing workload, AI could help by offering solutions to time-consuming tasks, thereby improving workflow efficiency and democratizing access to specialist opinion. As a result, pediatric radiologists are expected to be increasingly leading and contributing to AI imaging research, and researchers and clinicians alike should feel confident that the findings reported are presented in a transparent way, with sufficient detail to understand how they apply to wider clinical practice. In this review, we describe two of the most clinically relevant and available reporting guidelines to help increase awareness and engage the pediatric radiologist in conducting AI imaging research. This guide should also be useful for those reading and reviewing AI imaging research and as a checklist with examples of what to expect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riwa Meshaka
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Owen J Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.,Department of Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Susan C Shelmerdine
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. .,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK. .,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK. .,Department of Clinical Radiology, St. George's Hospital, London, UK.
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the aetiologies of sudden unexpected death from natural causes in children aged 1-18 years by retrospective examination of autopsy records from a single centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS The post-mortem findings from 548 children (1996-2015) were examined. Details were entered into an established research database and categorized according to >400 pre-defined criteria. RESULTS There were 265 previously apparently healthy children and 283 with pre-existing, potentially life-limiting, conditions. There were more males than females (M:F 1.4:1), and deaths were more frequent in the winter. Infection was commonest accounting for 43% of all deaths. Non-infectious diseases were identified as cause of death in 28%, and 29% of all deaths were unexplained. There was no significant difference in the proportions of deaths in each category between the previously healthy children and those with pre-existing conditions. CONCLUSION Sudden unexpected death is a rare presentation of death in childhood and those with pre-existing conditions may be more at risk. Standardisation of the post-mortem procedure in such cases may result in more ancillary investigations performed as routine and may reduce the number of cases that are 'unexplained'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Bryant
- Department of Cellular Pathology, 112001The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tom S Jacques
- Histopathology Department, 4956NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre and GOS Institute of Child Health UCL, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Histopathology Department, 4956NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre and GOS Institute of Child Health UCL, London, UK
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20
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Pang R, Mujuni BM, Martinello KA, Webb EL, Nalwoga A, Ssekyewa J, Musoke M, Kurinczuk JJ, Sewegaba M, Cowan FM, Cose S, Nakakeeto M, Elliott AM, Sebire NJ, Klein N, Robertson NJ, Tann CJ. Elevated serum IL-10 is associated with severity of neonatal encephalopathy and adverse early childhood outcomes. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:180-189. [PMID: 33674741 PMCID: PMC9411052 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) contributes substantially to child mortality and disability globally. We compared cytokine profiles in term Ugandan neonates with and without NE, with and without perinatal infection or inflammation and identified biomarkers predicting neonatal and early childhood outcomes. METHODS In this exploratory biomarker study, serum IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, and VEGF (<12 h) were compared between NE and non-NE infants with and without perinatal infection/inflammation. Neonatal (severity of NE, mortality) and early childhood (death or neurodevelopmental impairment to 2.5 years) outcomes were assessed. Predictors of outcomes were explored with multivariable linear and logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS Cytokine assays on 159 NE and 157 non-NE infants were performed; data on early childhood outcomes were available for 150 and 129, respectively. NE infants had higher IL-10 (p < 0.001), higher IL-6 (p < 0.017), and lower VEGF (p < 0.001) levels. Moderate and severe NE was associated with higher IL-10 levels compared to non-NE infants (p < 0.001). Elevated IL-1α was associated with perinatal infection/inflammation (p = 0.013). Among NE infants, IL-10 predicted neonatal mortality (p = 0.01) and adverse early childhood outcome (adjusted OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.35-3.86, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a potential role for IL-10 as a biomarker for adverse outcomes after neonatal encephalopathy. IMPACT Neonatal encephalopathy is a common cause of child death and disability globally. Inflammatory cytokines are potential biomarkers of encephalopathy severity and outcome. In this Ugandan health facility-based cohort, neonatal encephalopathy was associated with elevated serum IL-10 and IL-6, and reduced VEGF at birth. Elevated serum IL-10 within 12 h after birth predicted severity of neonatal encephalopathy, neonatal mortality, and adverse early childhood developmental outcomes, independent of perinatal infection or inflammation, and provides evidence to the contribution of the inflammatory processes. Our findings support a role for IL-10 as a biomarker for adverse outcomes after neonatal encephalopathy in a sub-Saharan African cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymand Pang
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brian M Mujuni
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Emily L Webb
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Angela Nalwoga
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Julius Ssekyewa
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Margaret Musoke
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Margaret Sewegaba
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Frances M Cowan
- Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Cose
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Margaret Nakakeeto
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- UCL Institute of Child Health and GOSH BRC, UCL, London, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- UCL Institute of Child Health and GOSH BRC, UCL, London, UK
| | - Nicola J Robertson
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cally J Tann
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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21
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Shelmerdine SC, White RD, Liu H, Arthurs OJ, Sebire NJ. Artificial intelligence for radiological paediatric fracture assessment: a systematic review. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:94. [PMID: 35657439 PMCID: PMC9166920 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Majority of research and commercial efforts have focussed on use of artificial intelligence (AI) for fracture detection in adults, despite the greater long-term clinical and medicolegal implications of missed fractures in children. The objective of this study was to assess the available literature regarding diagnostic performance of AI tools for paediatric fracture assessment on imaging, and where available, how this compares with the performance of human readers. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were queried for studies published between 1 January 2011 and 2021 using terms related to 'fracture', 'artificial intelligence', 'imaging' and 'children'. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 tool. Descriptive statistics for diagnostic accuracies were collated. RESULTS Nine eligible articles from 362 publications were included, with most (8/9) evaluating fracture detection on radiographs, with the elbow being the most common body part. Nearly all articles used data derived from a single institution, and used deep learning methodology with only a few (2/9) performing external validation. Accuracy rates generated by AI ranged from 88.8 to 97.9%. In two of the three articles where AI performance was compared to human readers, sensitivity rates for AI were marginally higher, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Wide heterogeneity in the literature with limited information on algorithm performance on external datasets makes it difficult to understand how such tools may generalise to a wider paediatric population. Further research using a multicentric dataset with real-world evaluation would help to better understand the impact of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Shelmerdine
- grid.420468.cDepartment of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK ,grid.420468.cGreat Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK ,grid.464688.00000 0001 2300 7844Department of Clinical Radiology, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard D. White
- grid.241103.50000 0001 0169 7725Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hantao Liu
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Owen J. Arthurs
- grid.420468.cDepartment of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK ,grid.420468.cGreat Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Neil J. Sebire
- grid.420468.cDepartment of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK ,grid.420468.cGreat Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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22
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Scottoni F, Giobbe GG, Zambaiti E, Khalaf S, Sebire NJ, Curry J, De Coppi P, Gennari F. Intussusception and COVID-19 in Infants: Evidence for an Etiopathologic Correlation. Pediatrics 2022; 149:185620. [PMID: 35322271 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-054644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonrespiratory conditions related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have been largely described. Ileocolic intussusception has been reported in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 10 children, raising the possibility of an etiopathologic role for the virus, but none of these cases documented tissue pathology that would have supported SARS-CoV-2 intestinal inflammation. We report 2 cases of intussusception in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were treated at different pediatric tertiary centers in Europe and provide evidence of the presence of the virus in mesenteric and intestinal tissues of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Scottoni
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, GOSICH Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Zambaiti
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Sahira Khalaf
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, GOSICH Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Department of Histopathology, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Curry
- Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, GOSICH Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Gennari
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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23
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Garriboli M, Deguchi K, Totonelli G, Georgiades F, Urbani L, Ghionzoli M, Burns AJ, Sebire NJ, Turmaine M, Eaton S, De Coppi P. Development of a porcine acellular bladder matrix for tissue-engineered bladder reconstruction. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:665-677. [PMID: 35316841 PMCID: PMC8983501 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enterocystoplasty is adopted for patients requiring bladder augmentation, but significant long-term complications highlight need for alternatives. We established a protocol for creating a natural-derived bladder extracellular matrix (BEM) for developing tissue-engineered bladder, and investigated its structural and functional characteristics. METHODS Porcine bladders were de-cellularised with a dynamic detergent-enzymatic treatment using peristaltic infusion. Samples and fresh controls were evaluated using histological staining, ultrastructure (electron microscopy), collagen, glycosaminoglycans and DNA quantification and biomechanical testing. Compliance and angiogenic properties (Chicken chorioallantoic membrane [CAM] assay) were evaluated. T test compared stiffness and glycosaminoglycans, collagen and DNA quantity. p value of < 0.05 was regarded as significant. RESULTS Histological evaluation demonstrated absence of cells with preservation of tissue matrix architecture (collagen and elastin). DNA was 0.01 μg/mg, significantly reduced compared to fresh tissue 0.13 μg/mg (p < 0.01). BEM had increased tensile strength (0.259 ± 0.022 vs 0.116 ± 0.006, respectively, p < 0.0001) and stiffness (0.00075 ± 0.00016 vs 0.00726 ± 0.00216, p = 0.011). CAM assay showed significantly increased number of convergent allantoic vessels after 6 days compared to day 1 (p < 0.01). Urodynamic studies showed that BEM maintains or increases capacity and compliance. CONCLUSION Dynamic detergent-enzymatic treatment produces a BEM which retains structural characteristics, increases strength and stiffness and is more compliant than native tissue. Furthermore, BEM shows angiogenic potential. These data suggest the use of BEM for development of tissue-engineered bladder for patients requiring bladder augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Garriboli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Koichi Deguchi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Giorgia Totonelli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Fanourios Georgiades
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Luca Urbani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Marco Ghionzoli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alan J Burns
- Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Department of Histopathology, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Division of Bioscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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24
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Vestesson E, Booth J, Hatcher J, McGarrity O, Sebire NJ, Steventon A, Suarez Alonso C, Tomlin S, Standing JF. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial prescribing at a specialist paediatric hospital: an observational study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1185-1188. [PMID: 35134183 PMCID: PMC9383401 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted healthcare delivery and there are growing concerns that the pandemic will accelerate antimicrobial resistance. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic prescribing in a tertiary paediatric hospital in London, UK. METHODS Data on patient characteristics and antimicrobial administration for inpatients treated between 29 April 2019 and Sunday 28 March 2021 were extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) and the proportion of prescribed antibiotics from the WHO 'Access' class. RESULTS A total of 23 292 inpatient admissions were included. Prior to the pandemic there were an average 262 admissions per week compared with 212 during the pandemic period. Patient demographics were similar in the two periods but there was a shift in the specialities that patients had been admitted to. During the pandemic, there was a crude increase in antibiotic DOTs, from 801 weekly DOT before the pandemic to 846. The proportion of Access antibiotics decreased from 44% to 42%. However, after controlling for changes in patient characteristics, there was no evidence for the pandemic having an impact on antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSIONS The patient population in a specialist children's hospital was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, but after adjusting for these changes there was no evidence that antibiotic prescribing was significantly affected by the pandemic. This highlights both the value of routine, high-quality EHR data and importance of appropriate statistical methods that can adjust for underlying changes to populations when evaluating impacts of the pandemic on healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Vestesson
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- The Health Foundation, London, UK
| | - John Booth
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Neil J. Sebire
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR GOSH BRC, London, UK
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25
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Filipow N, Main E, Sebire NJ, Booth J, Taylor AM, Davies G, Stanojevic S. Implementation of prognostic machine learning algorithms in paediatric chronic respiratory conditions: a scoping review. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001165. [PMID: 35297371 PMCID: PMC8928277 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) holds great potential for predicting clinical outcomes in heterogeneous chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) affecting children, where timely individualised treatments offer opportunities for health optimisation. This paper identifies rate-limiting steps in ML prediction model development that impair clinical translation and discusses regulatory, clinical and ethical considerations for ML implementation. A scoping review of ML prediction models in paediatric CRDs was undertaken using the PRISMA extension scoping review guidelines. From 1209 results, 25 articles published between 2013 and 2021 were evaluated for features of a good clinical prediction model using the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) guidelines. Most of the studies were in asthma (80%), with few in cystic fibrosis (12%), bronchiolitis (4%) and childhood wheeze (4%). There were inconsistencies in model reporting and studies were limited by a lack of validation, and absence of equations or code for replication. Clinician involvement during ML model development is essential and diversity, equity and inclusion should be assessed at each step of the ML pipeline to ensure algorithms do not promote or amplify health disparities among marginalised groups. As ML prediction studies become more frequent, it is important that models are rigorously developed using published guidelines and take account of regulatory frameworks which depend on model complexity, patient safety, accountability and liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Filipow
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Main
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,GOSH NIHR BRC, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - John Booth
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,GOSH NIHR BRC, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Andrew M Taylor
- GOSH NIHR BRC, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gwyneth Davies
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,GOSH NIHR BRC, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sanja Stanojevic
- Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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26
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Ruiz Nishiki M, Cabecinha M, Knowles R, Peters C, Aitkenhead H, Ifederu A, Schoenmakers N, Sebire NJ, Walker E, Hardelid P. Establishing risk factors and outcomes for congenital hypothyroidism with gland in situ using population-based data linkage methods: study protocol. BMJ Paediatr Open 2022; 6:10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001341. [PMID: 36053651 PMCID: PMC8969044 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been an increase in the birth prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) since the introduction of newborn screening, both globally and in the UK. This increase can be accounted for by an increase in CH with gland in situ (CH-GIS). It is not known why CH-GIS is becoming more common, nor how it affects the health, development and learning of children over the long term. Our study will use linked administrative health, education and clinical data to determine risk factors for CH-GIS and describe long-term health and education outcomes for affected children. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will construct a birth cohort study based on linked, administrative data to determine what factors have contributed to the increase in the birth prevalence of CH-GIS in the UK. We will also set up a follow-up study of cases and controls to determine the health and education outcomes of children with and without CH-GIS. We will use logistic/multinomial regression models to establish risk factors for CH-GIS. Changes in the prevalence of risk factors over time will help to explain the increase in birth prevalence of CH-GIS. Multivariable generalised linear models or Cox proportional hazards regression models will be used to assess the association between type of CH and school performance or health outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the London Queen Square Research Ethics Committee and the Health Research Authority's Confidentiality Advisory Group CAG. Approvals are also being sought from each data provider. Obtaining approvals from CAG, data providers and information governance bodies have caused considerable delays to the project. Our methods and findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Ruiz Nishiki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Population Policy and Practice, London, UK
| | - Melissa Cabecinha
- Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK.,Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Rachel Knowles
- Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Peters
- Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Helen Aitkenhead
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adeboye Ifederu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nadia Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Pia Hardelid
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Population Policy and Practice, London, UK
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27
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Yoshida M, Worlock KB, Huang N, Lindeboom RGH, Butler CR, Kumasaka N, Dominguez Conde C, Mamanova L, Bolt L, Richardson L, Polanski K, Madissoon E, Barnes JL, Allen-Hyttinen J, Kilich E, Jones BC, de Wilton A, Wilbrey-Clark A, Sungnak W, Pett JP, Weller J, Prigmore E, Yung H, Mehta P, Saleh A, Saigal A, Chu V, Cohen JM, Cane C, Iordanidou A, Shibuya S, Reuschl AK, Herczeg IT, Argento AC, Wunderink RG, Smith SB, Poor TA, Gao CA, Dematte JE, Reynolds G, Haniffa M, Bowyer GS, Coates M, Clatworthy MR, Calero-Nieto FJ, Göttgens B, O'Callaghan C, Sebire NJ, Jolly C, De Coppi P, Smith CM, Misharin AV, Janes SM, Teichmann SA, Nikolić MZ, Meyer KB. Local and systemic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults. Nature 2022; 602:321-327. [PMID: 34937051 PMCID: PMC8828466 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is not fully understood why COVID-19 is typically milder in children1-3. Here, to examine the differences between children and adults in their response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analysed paediatric and adult patients with COVID-19 as well as healthy control individuals (total n = 93) using single-cell multi-omic profiling of matched nasal, tracheal, bronchial and blood samples. In the airways of healthy paediatric individuals, we observed cells that were already in an interferon-activated state, which after SARS-CoV-2 infection was further induced especially in airway immune cells. We postulate that higher paediatric innate interferon responses restrict viral replication and disease progression. The systemic response in children was characterized by increases in naive lymphocytes and a depletion of natural killer cells, whereas, in adults, cytotoxic T cells and interferon-stimulated subpopulations were significantly increased. We provide evidence that dendritic cells initiate interferon signalling in early infection, and identify epithelial cell states associated with COVID-19 and age. Our matching nasal and blood data show a strong interferon response in the airways with the induction of systemic interferon-stimulated populations, which were substantially reduced in paediatric patients. Together, we provide several mechanisms that explain the milder clinical syndrome observed in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshida
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaylee B Worlock
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Colin R Butler
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Elo Madissoon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josephine L Barnes
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Eliz Kilich
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brendan C Jones
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Angus de Wilton
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Henry Yung
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Puja Mehta
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aarash Saleh
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anita Saigal
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vivian Chu
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Cohen
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Cane
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Soichi Shibuya
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ann-Kathrin Reuschl
- UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iván T Herczeg
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Christine Argento
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard G Wunderink
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean B Smith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine A Gao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane E Dematte
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Matthew Coates
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome, MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Jolly
- UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sam M Janes
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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28
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Visram S, Potts L, Sebire NJ, Rogers Y, Broughton E, Chigaru L, Nambyiah P. Making the invisible visible: New perspectives on the intersection of human-environment interactions of clinical teams in intensive care. J Perinatol 2022; 42:503-504. [PMID: 34420042 PMCID: PMC9001169 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding human behaviour is essential to the successful adoption of new technologies, and for the promotion of safer care. This requires capturing the detail of clinical workflows to inform the design of new human-technology interactions. We are interested particularly in the possibilities for touchless technologies that can decipher human speech, gesture and motion and allow for interactions that are free of contact. Here, we employ a new approach by installing a single 360° camera into a clinical environment to analyse touch patterns and human-environment interactions across a clinical team to recommend design considerations for new technologies with the potential to reduce avoidable touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Visram
- Department of Computer Science/UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, London, UK. .,Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environments (DRIVE) Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
| | - Laura Potts
- grid.420468.cClinical Simulation Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Neil J. Sebire
- grid.420468.cDigital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environments (DRIVE) Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Rogers
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Computer Science/UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Broughton
- grid.420468.cClinical Simulation Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Linda Chigaru
- grid.420468.cClinical Simulation Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Pratheeban Nambyiah
- Clinical Simulation Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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29
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Beesley MA, Davidson JR, Panariello F, Shibuya S, Scaglioni D, Jones BC, Maksym K, Ogunbiyi O, Sebire NJ, Cacchiarelli D, David AL, De Coppi P, Gerli MFM. COVID-19 and vertical transmission: assessing the expression of ACE2/TMPRSS2 in the human fetus and placenta to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. BJOG 2022; 129:256-266. [PMID: 34735736 PMCID: PMC8652560 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women have been identified as a potentially at-risk group concerning COVID-19 infection, but little is known regarding the susceptibility of the fetus to infection. Co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 has been identified as a prerequisite for infection, and expression across different tissues is known to vary between children and adults. However, the expression of these proteins in the fetus is unknown. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of a single cell data repository. The data were then validated at both gene and protein level by performing RT-qPCR and two-colour immunohistochemistry on a library of second-trimester human fetal tissues. FINDINGS TMPRSS2 is present at both gene and protein level in the predominantly epithelial fetal tissues analysed. ACE2 is present at significant levels only in the fetal intestine and kidney, and is not expressed in the fetal lung. The placenta also does not co-express the two proteins across the second trimester or at term. INTERPRETATION This dataset indicates that the lungs are unlikely to be a viable route of SARS-CoV2 fetal infection. The fetal kidney, despite presenting both the proteins required for the infection, is anatomically protected from the exposure to the virus. However, the gastrointestinal tract is likely to be susceptible to infection due to its high co-expression of both proteins, as well as its exposure to potentially infected amniotic fluid. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT This work provides detailed mechanistic insight into the relative protection & vulnerabilities of the fetus & placenta to SARS-CoV-2 infection by scRNAseq & protein expression analysis for ACE2 & TMPRSS2. The findings help to explain the low rate of vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Beesley
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
| | - JR Davidson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- EGA Institute for Women’s HealthUniversity College LondonUK
| | - F Panariello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative GenomicsPozzuoliItaly
| | - S Shibuya
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
| | - D Scaglioni
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
| | - BC Jones
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
| | - K Maksym
- EGA Institute for Women’s HealthUniversity College LondonUK
| | - O Ogunbiyi
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - NJ Sebire
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - D Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative GenomicsPozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’NaplesItaly
| | - AL David
- EGA Institute for Women’s HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- Fetal Medicine UnitUniversity College London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - P De Coppi
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - MFM Gerli
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceRoyal Free HospitalLondonUK
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30
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Akintomide E, Shah B, Sridharan S, Visram S, Sebire NJ, Peters C. Clinical perception of effectiveness of virtual appointments and comparison with appointment outcomes at a specialist children's hospital. Future Healthc J 2021; 8:e660-e665. [PMID: 34888461 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A transition from face-to-face to virtual consultations occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Evaluation of outcome data is essential for future healthcare modelling. Methods Clinicians at a children's hospital evaluated perceptions of face-to-face video and telephone appointments by questionnaire. Responses were compared with operational outcomes from June 2019 and June 2020. Results Ninety-three clinicians responded from 28 subspecialties. Virtual consultations increased from 6% (2019) to 67% (2020). No differences were found between appointment types for recording a medical and social history; a significant difference (p<0.001) was seen for the perceived ability to detect clinical signs, organise investigations and make a diagnosis. The proportion of appointments resulting in discharge compared with face-to-face visits was unchanged. The proportion of patients requiring further contact increased from 35% (32% face-to-face and 3% telephone) to 46% (14% face-to-face; 21% telephone and 11% video; chi-squared 426; p<0.0001).The percentage of patients offered an appointment following two 'was not brought' appointments increased from 71% (2019) to 81% (2020) and was most common following telephone appointments (20% face-to-face, 43% telephone and 18% video; chi-squared 474; p<0.0001). Conclusion The perception of clinicians is that virtual appointments enabled continuity of paediatric care with improved clinical assessment capability and attendance during video consultations compared with telephone consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Akintomide
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bindi Shah
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shankar Sridharan
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sheena Visram
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Catherine Peters
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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31
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Sridharan S, Peters C, Newcombe S, Jephson C, Robinson R, Mulder B, Houghton W, Visram S, Sebire NJ. The essence of healthcare records: embedded electronic health record system microblogging functionality for patient care narrative. Future Healthc J 2021; 8:e709-e713. [PMID: 34888472 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.2021-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Electronic health record (EHR) systems capture information relating to patients across many specialties but can be complex, making rapid evaluation and communication of current important issues difficult. Methods As part of a children's hospital EHR implementation, we developed and implemented an embedded microblogging platform to allow users to provide a short summary of main issues or actions relating to the encounter, 'Essence' capturing the essence of the interaction. We reviewed usage by specialty and user type over a 1-year period. Results Ninety-one thousand, nine-hundred and fifty Essence entries were committed across 49 specialty areas during a 12-month period, April 2019 - April 2020. The specialties with greatest usage were cardiology, neurosurgery, intensive care, respiratory medicine and neurology, with 70% of entries by nursing staff. The median number of words used per entry was 17 words (range 1-120; mean 20.7), and microblogs were mainly used to describe actions, events or planned care. Manual content analysis of 200 representative entries demonstrated categories of importance (including clinical status, treatment plan, investigations, procedures and diagnoses) suggesting appropriate clinical utility. Conclusion Incorporation of an embedded EHR microblogging platform to capture key interactions with healthcare professionals represents a novel approach to coordinating care communication and is widely used across specialties, especially by nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bregje Mulder
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Sheena Visram
- University College London, London, UK and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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Khong TY, Sebire NJ, Heazell AEP, Ganzevoort W, Bloomfield FH, Kooi EMW, Marijnen MC, Gordijn SJ. Research Priority Setting Partnership for placental pathology. Placenta 2021; 117:154-155. [PMID: 34902727 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Yee Khong
- SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Wessel Ganzevoort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth M W Kooi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mauritia C Marijnen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne J Gordijn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Cushnan D, Berka R, Bertolli O, Williams P, Schofield D, Joshi I, Favaro A, Halling-Brown M, Imreh G, Jefferson E, Sebire NJ, Reilly G, Rodrigues JCL, Robinson G, Copley S, Malik R, Bloomfield C, Gleeson F, Crotty M, Denton E, Dickson J, Leeming G, Hardwick HE, Baillie K, Openshaw PJ, Semple MG, Rubin C, Howlett A, Rockall AG, Bhayat A, Fascia D, Sudlow C, Jacob J. Towards nationally curated data archives for clinical radiology image analysis at scale: Learnings from national data collection in response to a pandemic. Digit Health 2021; 7:20552076211048654. [PMID: 34868617 PMCID: PMC8637703 DOI: 10.1177/20552076211048654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease has resulted in the
unprecedented collection of health data to support research. Historically,
coordinating the collation of such datasets on a national scale has been
challenging to execute for several reasons, including issues with data privacy,
the lack of data reporting standards, interoperable technologies, and
distribution methods. The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease pandemic has
highlighted the importance of collaboration between government bodies,
healthcare institutions, academic researchers and commercial companies in
overcoming these issues during times of urgency. The National COVID-19 Chest
Imaging Database, led by NHSX, British Society of Thoracic Imaging, Royal Surrey
NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty, is an example of such a national initiative.
Here, we summarise the experiences and challenges of setting up the National
COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database, and the implications for future ambitions of
national data curation in medical imaging to advance the safe adoption of
artificial intelligence in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Halling-Brown
- Scientific Computing, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, UK.,CVSSP, University of Surrey, UK
| | | | - Emily Jefferson
- Health Data Research UK, UK.,Health Informatics Centre (HIC), School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | | | | | | | - Graham Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Susan Copley
- Imaging Department, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, UK
| | - Rizwan Malik
- Department of Radiology, Bolton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Claire Bloomfield
- National Consortium of Intelligent Medical Imaging (NCIMI), The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK.,Dept of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Fergus Gleeson
- National Consortium of Intelligent Medical Imaging (NCIMI), The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK.,Dept of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Erika Denton
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Gary Leeming
- Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Hayley E Hardwick
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, UK
| | | | | | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Caroline Rubin
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Andrea G Rockall
- Imaging Department, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ayub Bhayat
- NHS Arden & Greater East Midlands Commissioning Support Unit, UK
| | | | - Cathie Sudlow
- British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre Led by Health Data Research UK, UK
| | | | - Joseph Jacob
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
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Lai AG, Chang WH, Parisinos CA, Katsoulis M, Blackburn RM, Shah AD, Nguyen V, Denaxas S, Davey Smith G, Gaunt TR, Nirantharakumar K, Cox MP, Forde D, Asselbergs FW, Harris S, Richardson S, Sofat R, Dobson RJB, Hingorani A, Patel R, Sterne J, Banerjee A, Denniston AK, Ball S, Sebire NJ, Shah NH, Foster GR, Williams B, Hemingway H. An informatics consult approach for generating clinical evidence for treatment decisions. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:281. [PMID: 34641870 PMCID: PMC8506488 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An Informatics Consult has been proposed in which clinicians request novel evidence from large scale health data resources, tailored to the treatment of a specific patient. However, the availability of such consultations is lacking. We seek to provide an Informatics Consult for a situation where a treatment indication and contraindication coexist in the same patient, i.e., anti-coagulation use for stroke prevention in a patient with both atrial fibrillation (AF) and liver cirrhosis. METHODS We examined four sources of evidence for the effect of warfarin on stroke risk or all-cause mortality from: (1) randomised controlled trials (RCTs), (2) meta-analysis of prior observational studies, (3) trial emulation (using population electronic health records (N = 3,854,710) and (4) genetic evidence (Mendelian randomisation). We developed prototype forms to request an Informatics Consult and return of results in electronic health record systems. RESULTS We found 0 RCT reports and 0 trials recruiting for patients with AF and cirrhosis. We found broad concordance across the three new sources of evidence we generated. Meta-analysis of prior observational studies showed that warfarin use was associated with lower stroke risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71, CI 0.39-1.29). In a target trial emulation, warfarin was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR = 0.61, CI 0.49-0.76) and ischaemic stroke (HR = 0.27, CI 0.08-0.91). Mendelian randomisation served as a drug target validation where we found that lower levels of vitamin K1 (warfarin is a vitamin K1 antagonist) are associated with lower stroke risk. A pilot survey with an independent sample of 34 clinicians revealed that 85% of clinicians found information on prognosis useful and that 79% thought that they should have access to the Informatics Consult as a service within their healthcare systems. We identified candidate steps for automation to scale evidence generation and to accelerate the return of results. CONCLUSION We performed a proof-of-concept Informatics Consult for evidence generation, which may inform treatment decisions in situations where there is dearth of randomised trials. Patients are surprised to know that their clinicians are currently not able to learn in clinic from data on 'patients like me'. We identify the key challenges in offering such an Informatics Consult as a service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina G Lai
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK.
| | - Wai Hoong Chang
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | | | - Michail Katsoulis
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth M Blackburn
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Anoop D Shah
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Vincent Nguyen
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- Institute of Applies Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Murray P Cox
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Donall Forde
- Public Health Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steve Harris
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sylvia Richardson
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Richard J B Dobson
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Riyaz Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Sterne
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, London, UK
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHSFT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Ball
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHSFT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Nigam H Shah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Graham R Foster
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bryan Williams
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Harry Hemingway
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
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Polubothu S, Zecchin D, Al-Olabi L, Lionarons DA, Harland M, Horswell S, Thomas AC, Hunt L, Wlodarchak N, Aguilera P, Brand S, Bryant D, Carrera C, Chen H, Elgar G, Harwood CA, Howell M, Larue L, Loughlin S, MacDonald J, Malvehy J, Barberan SM, da Silva VM, Molina M, Morrogh D, Moulding D, Nsengimana J, Pittman A, Puig-Butillé JA, Parmar K, Sebire NJ, Scherer S, Stadnik P, Stanier P, Tell G, Waelchli R, Zarrei M, Puig S, Bataille V, Xing Y, Healy E, Moore GE, Di WL, Newton-Bishop J, Downward J, Kinsler VA. Inherited duplications of PPP2R3B predispose to nevi and melanoma via a C21orf91-driven proliferative phenotype. Genet Med 2021; 23:1636-1647. [PMID: 34145395 PMCID: PMC8460442 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Much of the heredity of melanoma remains unexplained. We sought predisposing germline copy-number variants using a rare disease approach. METHODS Whole-genome copy-number findings in patients with melanoma predisposition syndrome congenital melanocytic nevus were extrapolated to a sporadic melanoma cohort. Functional effects of duplications in PPP2R3B were investigated using immunohistochemistry, transcriptomics, and stable inducible cellular models, themselves characterized using RNAseq, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), reverse phase protein arrays, immunoblotting, RNA interference, immunocytochemistry, proliferation, and migration assays. RESULTS We identify here a previously unreported genetic susceptibility to melanoma and melanocytic nevi, familial duplications of gene PPP2R3B. This encodes PR70, a regulatory unit of critical phosphatase PP2A. Duplications increase expression of PR70 in human nevus, and increased expression in melanoma tissue correlates with survival via a nonimmunological mechanism. PPP2R3B overexpression induces pigment cell switching toward proliferation and away from migration. Importantly, this is independent of the known microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)-controlled switch, instead driven by C21orf91. Finally, C21orf91 is demonstrated to be downstream of MITF as well as PR70. CONCLUSION This work confirms the power of a rare disease approach, identifying a previously unreported copy-number change predisposing to melanocytic neoplasia, and discovers C21orf91 as a potentially targetable hub in the control of phenotype switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyamaanasa Polubothu
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Davide Zecchin
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Lara Al-Olabi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Mark Harland
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna C Thomas
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Lilian Hunt
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nathan Wlodarchak
- McArdle Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Brand
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dale Bryant
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hui Chen
- McArdle Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg Elgar
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizzard Institute, Barts, London, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lionel Larue
- Centre de Recherche, Developmental Genetics of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Sam Loughlin
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeff MacDonald
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martin Barberan
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Martins da Silva
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Molina
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Deborah Morrogh
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Bioinformatics, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Joan-Anton Puig-Butillé
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kiran Parmar
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing Block D, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Stephen Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paulina Stadnik
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Philip Stanier
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Gemma Tell
- McArdle Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Regula Waelchli
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susana Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Yongna Xing
- McArdle Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eugene Healy
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Wei-Li Di
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Immunobiology Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre at Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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36
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Shelmerdine SC, Arthurs OJ, Denniston A, Sebire NJ. Review of study reporting guidelines for clinical studies using artificial intelligence in healthcare. BMJ Health Care Inform 2021; 28:bmjhci-2021-100385. [PMID: 34426417 PMCID: PMC8383863 DOI: 10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality research is essential in guiding evidence-based care, and should be reported in a way that is reproducible, transparent and where appropriate, provide sufficient detail for inclusion in future meta-analyses. Reporting guidelines for various study designs have been widely used for clinical (and preclinical) studies, consisting of checklists with a minimum set of points for inclusion. With the recent rise in volume of research using artificial intelligence (AI), additional factors need to be evaluated, which do not neatly conform to traditional reporting guidelines (eg, details relating to technical algorithm development). In this review, reporting guidelines are highlighted to promote awareness of essential content required for studies evaluating AI interventions in healthcare. These include published and in progress extensions to well-known reporting guidelines such as Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials-AI (study protocols), Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-AI (randomised controlled trials), Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-AI (diagnostic accuracy studies) and Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis-AI (prediction model studies). Additionally there are a number of guidelines that consider AI for health interventions more generally (eg, Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM), minimum information (MI)-CLAIM, MI for Medical AI Reporting) or address a specific element such as the ‘learning curve’ (Developmental and Exploratory Clinical Investigation of Decision-AI). Economic evaluation of AI health interventions is not currently addressed, and may benefit from extension to an existing guideline. In the face of a rapid influx of studies of AI health interventions, reporting guidelines help ensure that investigators and those appraising studies consider both the well-recognised elements of good study design and reporting, while also adequately addressing new challenges posed by AI-specific elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alastair Denniston
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environments Unit (DRIVE), London, UK
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37
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Filipow N, Davies G, Main E, Sebire NJ, Wallis C, Ratjen F, Stanojevic S. Unsupervised phenotypic clustering for determining clinical status in children with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.02881-2020. [PMID: 33446607 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02881-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease in which the assessment of disease severity based on lung function alone may not be appropriate. The aim of the study was to develop a comprehensive machine-learning algorithm to assess clinical status independent of lung function in children. METHODS A comprehensive prospectively collected clinical database (Toronto, Canada) was used to apply unsupervised cluster analysis. The defined clusters were then compared by current and future lung function, risk of future hospitalisation, and risk of future pulmonary exacerbation treated with oral antibiotics. A k-nearest-neighbours (KNN) algorithm was used to prospectively assign clusters. The methods were validated in a paediatric clinical CF dataset from Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH). RESULTS The optimal cluster model identified four (A-D) phenotypic clusters based on 12 200 encounters from 530 individuals. Two clusters (A and B) consistent with mild disease were identified with high forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and low risk of both hospitalisation and pulmonary exacerbation treated with oral antibiotics. Two clusters (C and D) consistent with severe disease were also identified with low FEV1. Cluster D had the shortest time to both hospitalisation and pulmonary exacerbation treated with oral antibiotics. The outcomes were consistent in 3124 encounters from 171 children at GOSH. The KNN cluster allocation error rate was low, at 2.5% (Toronto) and 3.5% (GOSH). CONCLUSION Machine learning derived phenotypic clusters can predict disease severity independent of lung function and could be used in conjunction with functional measures to predict future disease trajectories in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Filipow
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gwyneth Davies
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and GOSH NIHR BRC, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Main
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and GOSH NIHR BRC, London, UK
| | - Colin Wallis
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and GOSH NIHR BRC, London, UK
| | - Felix Ratjen
- Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanja Stanojevic
- Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Thayyil S, Pant S, Montaldo P, Shukla D, Oliveira V, Ivain P, Bassett P, Swamy R, Mendoza J, Moreno-Morales M, Lally PJ, Benakappa N, Bandiya P, Shivarudhrappa I, Somanna J, Kantharajanna UB, Rajvanshi A, Krishnappa S, Joby PK, Jayaraman K, Chandramohan R, Kamalarathnam CN, Sebastian M, Tamilselvam IA, Rajendran UD, Soundrarajan R, Kumar V, Sudarsanan H, Vadakepat P, Gopalan K, Sundaram M, Seeralar A, Vinayagam P, Sajjid M, Baburaj M, Murugan KD, Sathyanathan BP, Kumaran ES, Mondkar J, Manerkar S, Joshi AR, Dewang K, Bhisikar SM, Kalamdani P, Bichkar V, Patra S, Jiwnani K, Shahidullah M, Moni SC, Jahan I, Mannan MA, Dey SK, Nahar MN, Islam MN, Shabuj KH, Rodrigo R, Sumanasena S, Abayabandara-Herath T, Chathurangika GK, Wanigasinghe J, Sujatha R, Saraswathy S, Rahul A, Radha SJ, Sarojam MK, Krishnan V, Nair MK, Devadas S, Chandriah S, Venkateswaran H, Burgod C, Chandrasekaran M, Atreja G, Muraleedharan P, Herberg JA, Kling Chong WK, Sebire NJ, Pressler R, Ramji S, Shankaran S. Hypothermia for moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries (HELIX): a randomised controlled trial in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9:e1273-e1285. [PMID: 34358491 PMCID: PMC8371331 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although therapeutic hypothermia reduces death or disability after neonatal encephalopathy in high-income countries, its safety and efficacy in low-income and middle-income countries is unclear. We aimed to examine whether therapeutic hypothermia alongside optimal supportive intensive care reduces death or moderate or severe disability after neonatal encephalopathy in south Asia. METHODS We did a multicountry open-label, randomised controlled trial in seven tertiary neonatal intensive care units in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. We enrolled infants born at or after 36 weeks of gestation with moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy and a need for continued resuscitation at 5 min of age or an Apgar score of less than 6 at 5 min of age (for babies born in a hospital), or both, or an absence of crying by 5 min of age (for babies born at home). Using a web-based randomisation system, we allocated infants into a group receiving whole body hypothermia (33·5°C) for 72 h using a servo-controlled cooling device, or to usual care (control group), within 6 h of birth. All recruiting sites had facilities for invasive ventilation, cardiovascular support, and access to 3 Tesla MRI scanners and spectroscopy. Masking of the intervention was not possible, but those involved in the magnetic resonance biomarker analysis and neurodevelopmental outcome assessments were masked to the allocation. The primary outcome was a combined endpoint of death or moderate or severe disability at 18-22 months, assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (third edition) and a detailed neurological examination. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02387385. FINDINGS We screened 2296 infants between Aug 15, 2015, and Feb 15, 2019, of whom 576 infants were eligible for inclusion. After exclusions, we recruited 408 eligible infants and we assigned 202 to the hypothermia group and 206 to the control group. Primary outcome data were available for 195 (97%) of the 202 infants in the hypothermia group and 199 (97%) of the 206 control group infants. 98 (50%) infants in the hypothermia group and 94 (47%) infants in the control group died or had a moderate or severe disability (risk ratio 1·06; 95% CI 0·87-1·30; p=0·55). 84 infants (42%) in the hypothermia group and 63 (31%; p=0·022) infants in the control group died, of whom 72 (36%) and 49 (24%; p=0·0087) died during neonatal hospitalisation. Five serious adverse events were reported: three in the hypothermia group (one hospital readmission relating to pneumonia, one septic arthritis, and one suspected venous thrombosis), and two in the control group (one related to desaturations during MRI and other because of endotracheal tube displacement during transport for MRI). No adverse events were considered causally related to the study intervention. INTERPRETATION Therapeutic hypothermia did not reduce the combined outcome of death or disability at 18 months after neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries, but significantly increased death alone. Therapeutic hypothermia should not be offered as treatment for neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries, even when tertiary neonatal intensive care facilities are available. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research, Garfield Weston Foundation, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. TRANSLATIONS For the Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Singhalese, Tamil, Marathi and Bangla translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhin Thayyil
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Stuti Pant
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Montaldo
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Deepika Shukla
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vania Oliveira
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Phoebe Ivain
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ravi Swamy
- Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Josephine Mendoza
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Peter J Lally
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naveen Benakappa
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prathik Bandiya
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Indramma Shivarudhrappa
- Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government Hospital for Women and Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Jagadish Somanna
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ankur Rajvanshi
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sowmya Krishnappa
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica Sebastian
- Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | | - Usha D Rajendran
- Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | | - Vignesh Kumar
- Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | | - Padmesh Vadakepat
- Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government Hospital for Women and Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Kavitha Gopalan
- Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Mangalabharathi Sundaram
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government Hospital for Women and Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Arasar Seeralar
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government Hospital for Women and Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Prakash Vinayagam
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government Hospital for Women and Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Sajjid
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government Hospital for Women and Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Mythili Baburaj
- Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government Hospital for Women and Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Kanchana D Murugan
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government Hospital for Women and Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Jayashree Mondkar
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati Manerkar
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anagha R Joshi
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapil Dewang
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Pavan Kalamdani
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vrushali Bichkar
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saikat Patra
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapil Jiwnani
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Sadeka C Moni
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ismat Jahan
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sanjoy K Dey
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst N Nahar
- National Institute of Neurosciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kamrul H Shabuj
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Radhika Sujatha
- Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital and Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sobhakumar Saraswathy
- Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital and Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy Rahul
- Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital and Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Saritha J Radha
- Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital and Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj K Sarojam
- Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital and Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vaisakh Krishnan
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Mohandas K Nair
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Sahana Devadas
- Vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitha Chandriah
- Vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Constance Burgod
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gaurav Atreja
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jethro A Herberg
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - W K Kling Chong
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Perinatal Pathology, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ronit Pressler
- Department of Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Seetha Shankaran
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Preka E, Sekar T, Lopez Garcia SC, Shaw O, Kessaris N, Mamode N, Stojanovic J, Sebire NJ, Kim JJ, Marks SD. Outcomes of paediatric kidney transplant recipients using the updated 2013/2017 Banff histopathological classification for antibody-mediated rejection. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2575-2585. [PMID: 34143297 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the major changes with regard to acute and chronic ABMR in the Banff classification initiated in 2013, there has been an improvement in diagnosing antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in adult studies but no data have been published in the paediatric population. METHODS We assessed 56 paediatric kidney transplant biopsies due to kidney dysfunction in patients with donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in a retrospective single-centre study between January 2006 and March 2012. The results were compared with 2003/2007 Banff classification noting the subsequent 2017 and 2019 modifications do not change the 2013 Banff classification with regard to acute antibody-mediated rejection (apart from the addition of gene transcripts/classifiers that do not affect our analysis). RESULTS Following the 2013 Banff classification, there were seven cases (12.5%) diagnosed with ABMR that would have been misclassified when applying the 2003/2007 classification. Evaluating the histological features of all ABMR-related cases, we report the importance of v- (intimal arteritis) and t- (tubulitis) lesions: absence of v- and t- lesions in the biopsy is related to significantly higher kidney allograft survival (OR 7.3, 95%CI 1.1-48.8, p = 0.03 and OR 5.3, 95%CI 1.2-25.5, p = 0.04 respectively). Moreover, absence of t- lesions was associated with significantly fewer rejection episodes the year after the initial biopsy (OR 5.1, 95%CI 1.4-19.8, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study supports that the updated 2013 Banff classification shows superior clinicopathological correlation in identifying ABMR in paediatric kidney transplant recipients. Our results can be extrapolated to the recently updated 2019 Banff classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Preka
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Southampton University Children's Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Thivya Sekar
- Department of Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sergio C Lopez Garcia
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Olivia Shaw
- Viapath Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nicos Kessaris
- Department of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nizam Mamode
- Department of Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jelena Stojanovic
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Department of Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jon Jin Kim
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen D Marks
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Shelmerdine SC, Hutchinson JC, Lewis C, Simcock IC, Sekar T, Sebire NJ, Arthurs OJ. A pragmatic evidence-based approach to post-mortem perinatal imaging. Insights Imaging 2021; 12:101. [PMID: 34264420 PMCID: PMC8282801 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-01042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-mortem imaging has a high acceptance rate amongst parents and healthcare professionals as a non-invasive method for investigating perinatal deaths. Previously viewed as a 'niche' subspecialty, it is becoming increasingly requested, with general radiologists now more frequently asked to oversee and advise on appropriate imaging protocols. Much of the current literature to date has focussed on diagnostic accuracy and clinical experiences of individual centres and their imaging techniques (e.g. post-mortem CT, MRI, ultrasound and micro-CT), and pragmatic, evidence-based guidance for how to approach such referrals in real-world practice is lacking. In this review, we summarise the latest research and provide an approach and flowchart to aid decision-making for perinatal post-mortem imaging. We highlight key aspects of the maternal and antenatal history that radiologists should consider when protocolling studies (e.g. antenatal imaging findings and history), and emphasise important factors that could impact the diagnostic quality of post-mortem imaging examinations (e.g. post-mortem weight and time interval). Considerations regarding when ancillary post-mortem image-guided biopsy tests are beneficial are also addressed, and we provide key references for imaging protocols for a variety of cross-sectional imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Shelmerdine
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. .,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK. .,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
| | - J Ciaran Hutchinson
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Celine Lewis
- Population, Policy and Practice Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian C Simcock
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Thivya Sekar
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Booth J, Margetts B, Bryant W, Issitt R, Hutchinson C, Martin N, Sebire NJ. Machine Learning Approaches to Determine Feature Importance for Predicting Infant Autopsy Outcome. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:351-360. [PMID: 33781121 DOI: 10.1177/10935266211001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) represents the commonest presentation of postneonatal death. We explored whether machine learning could be used to derive data driven insights for prediction of infant autopsy outcome. METHODS A paediatric autopsy database containing >7,000 cases, with >300 variables, was analysed by examination stage and autopsy outcome classified as 'explained (medical cause of death identified)' or 'unexplained'. Decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting models were iteratively trained and evaluated. RESULTS Data from 3,100 infant and young child (<2 years) autopsies were included. Naïve decision tree using external examination data had performance of 68% for predicting an explained death. Core data items were identified using model feature importance. The most effective model was XG Boost, with overall predictive performance of 80%, demonstrating age at death, and cardiovascular and respiratory histological findings as the most important variables associated with determining medical cause of death. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates feasibility of using machine-learning to evaluate component importance of complex medical procedures (paediatric autopsy) and highlights value of collecting routine clinical data according to defined standards. This approach can be applied to a range of clinical and operational healthcare scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Booth
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH BRC, London, UK
| | - Ben Margetts
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH BRC, London, UK
| | - Will Bryant
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH BRC, London, UK
| | - Richard Issitt
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH BRC, London, UK
| | - Ciaran Hutchinson
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH BRC, London, UK
| | - Nigel Martin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH BRC, London, UK
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Wolters VERA, Lok CAR, Gordijn SJ, Wilthagen EA, Sebire NJ, Khong TY, van der Voorn JP, Amant F. Placental pathology in cancer during pregnancy and after cancer treatment exposure. Placenta 2021; 111:33-46. [PMID: 34153795 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer during pregnancy has been associated with (pathologically) small for gestational age offspring, especially after exposure to chemotherapy in utero. These infants are most likely growth restricted, but sonographic results are often lacking. In view of the paucity of data on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, the objective was to summarize all studies investigating placental pathology related to cancer(treatment). A systematic search in PubMed/Medline, Embase (OVID) and SCOPUS was conducted to retrieve all studies about placental pathology in cancer during pregnancy or after cancer treatment, published until August 2020. The literature search yielded 5784 unique publications, of which 111 were eligible for inclusion. Among them, three groups of placental pathology were distinguished. First, various histopathologic changes including maternal vascular malperfusion have been reported in pregnancies complicated by cancer and after cancer treatment exposure, which were not specific to type of cancer(treatment). Second, cancer(treatment) has been associated with placental cellular pathology including increased oxidative damage and apoptosis, impaired angiogenesis and genotoxicity. Finally, involvement of the placenta by cancer cells has been described, involving both the intervillous space and rarely villous invasion, with such fetuses are at risk of having metastases. In conclusion, growth restriction is often observed in pregnancies complicated by cancer and its cause can be multifactorial. Placental histopathologic changes, cellular pathology and genotoxicity caused by the cancer(treatment) may each play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera E R A Wolters
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Christine A R Lok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sanne J Gordijn
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, CB 20 Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Erica A Wilthagen
- Scientific Information Service, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Department of Paediatric Pathology, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
| | - T Yee Khong
- SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA5006, Australia.
| | - J Patrick van der Voorn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Riachi M, Polubothu S, Stadnik P, Hughes C, Martin SB, Charman CR, Cheng IL, Gholam K, Ogunbiyi O, Paige DG, Sebire NJ, Pittman A, Di WL, Kinsler VA. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Inflammatory Linear Verrucous Epidermal Naevus Leads to Successful Targeted Therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2979-2983.e1. [PMID: 34116062 PMCID: PMC8631607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Riachi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Satyamaanasa Polubothu
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Stadnik
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Hughes
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Barberan Martin
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn R Charman
- Dermatology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Iek Leng Cheng
- Pharmacy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karolina Gholam
- Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olumide Ogunbiyi
- Paediatric Pathology, Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - David G Paige
- Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Paediatric Pathology, Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Pittman
- Bioinformatics, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Li Di
- Immunobiology Section, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica A Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Mosaicism and Precision Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
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Shelmerdine SC, Sebire NJ, Arthurs OJ. Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional postmortem ultrasound: feasibility in perinatal death investigation. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:1259-1266. [PMID: 33674890 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three- and four-dimensional US techniques in antenatal screening are commonplace, but they are not routinely used for perinatal postmortem US. In this technical innovation, we performed both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) postmortem US on 11 foetuses (mean gestation: 23 weeks; range: 15-32 weeks) to determine whether there was any benefit in 3-D over conventional 2-D methods. In one case of osteogenesis imperfecta, both 2-D and 3-D US images were non-diagnostic because of small foetal size. Of the remaining 10 foetuses, 7 were normal at imaging and autopsy, and 3 had abnormalities detected on both 2-D and 3-D US. There were no false-positive diagnoses by 2-D or 3-D US. Whilst 3-D postmortem US was a feasible technique, it did not provide additional information over 2-D US. Routine 3-D postmortem US cannot therefore be routinely recommended based on our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Shelmerdine
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
| | - Neil J Sebire
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Bourgeois FT, Gutiérrez-Sacristán A, Keller MS, Liu M, Hong C, Bonzel CL, Tan ALM, Aronow BJ, Boeker M, Booth J, Cruz Rojo J, Devkota B, García Barrio N, Gehlenborg N, Geva A, Hanauer DA, Hutch MR, Issitt RW, Klann JG, Luo Y, Mandl KD, Mao C, Moal B, Moshal KL, Murphy SN, Neuraz A, Ngiam KY, Omenn GS, Patel LP, Jiménez MP, Sebire NJ, Balazote PS, Serret-Larmande A, South AM, Spiridou A, Taylor DM, Tippmann P, Visweswaran S, Weber GM, Kohane IS, Cai T, Avillach P. International Analysis of Electronic Health Records of Children and Youth Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection in 6 Countries. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2112596. [PMID: 34115127 PMCID: PMC8196345 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Additional sources of pediatric epidemiological and clinical data are needed to efficiently study COVID-19 in children and youth and inform infection prevention and clinical treatment of pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE To describe international hospitalization trends and key epidemiological and clinical features of children and youth with COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients hospitalized between February 2 and October 10, 2020. Patient-level electronic health record (EHR) data were collected across 27 hospitals in France, Germany, Spain, Singapore, the UK, and the US. Patients younger than 21 years who tested positive for COVID-19 and were hospitalized at an institution participating in the Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by EHR were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Patient characteristics, clinical features, and medication use. RESULTS There were 347 males (52%; 95% CI, 48.5-55.3) and 324 females (48%; 95% CI, 44.4-51.3) in this study's cohort. There was a bimodal age distribution, with the greatest proportion of patients in the 0- to 2-year (199 patients [30%]) and 12- to 17-year (170 patients [25%]) age range. Trends in hospitalizations for 671 children and youth found discrete surges with variable timing across 6 countries. Data from this cohort mirrored national-level pediatric hospitalization trends for most countries with available data, with peaks in hospitalizations during the initial spring surge occurring within 23 days in the national-level and 4CE data. A total of 27 364 laboratory values for 16 laboratory tests were analyzed, with mean values indicating elevations in markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, 83 mg/L; 95% CI, 53-112 mg/L; ferritin, 417 ng/mL; 95% CI, 228-607 ng/mL; and procalcitonin, 1.45 ng/mL; 95% CI, 0.13-2.77 ng/mL). Abnormalities in coagulation were also evident (D-dimer, 0.78 ug/mL; 95% CI, 0.35-1.21 ug/mL; and fibrinogen, 477 mg/dL; 95% CI, 385-569 mg/dL). Cardiac troponin, when checked (n = 59), was elevated (0.032 ng/mL; 95% CI, 0.000-0.080 ng/mL). Common complications included cardiac arrhythmias (15.0%; 95% CI, 8.1%-21.7%), viral pneumonia (13.3%; 95% CI, 6.5%-20.1%), and respiratory failure (10.5%; 95% CI, 5.8%-15.3%). Few children were treated with COVID-19-directed medications. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study of EHRs of children and youth hospitalized for COVID-19 in 6 countries demonstrated variability in hospitalization trends across countries and identified common complications and laboratory abnormalities in children and youth with COVID-19 infection. Large-scale informatics-based approaches to integrate and analyze data across health care systems complement methods of disease surveillance and advance understanding of epidemiological and clinical features associated with COVID-19 in children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence T. Bourgeois
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mark S. Keller
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molei Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chuan Hong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clara-Lea Bonzel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amelia L. M. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Martin Boeker
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - John Booth
- Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environments (DRIVE), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaime Cruz Rojo
- Department of Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Batsal Devkota
- Department of Biomedical Health Informatics and the Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Noelia García Barrio
- Department of Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nils Gehlenborg
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alon Geva
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A. Hanauer
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Meghan R. Hutch
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Richard W. Issitt
- Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environments (DRIVE), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Kenneth D. Mandl
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chengsheng Mao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Bertrand Moal
- IAM Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karyn L. Moshal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shawn N. Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malade, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kee Yuan Ngiam
- Department of Biomedical informatics, WiSDM, National University Health Systems Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, & School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Lav P. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | | | - Neil J. Sebire
- Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environments (DRIVE), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew M. South
- Department of Pediatrics-Section of Nephrology, Brenner Children's Hospital, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anastasia Spiridou
- Digital Research, Informatics and Virtual Environments (DRIVE), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deanne M. Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Health Informatics and the Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman Medical School at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Patric Tippmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shyam Visweswaran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Griffin M. Weber
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac S. Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Avillach
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gates L, Klein NJ, Sebire NJ, Alber DG. Characterising Post-mortem Bacterial Translocation Under Clinical Conditions Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing in Two Animal Models. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649312. [PMID: 34135873 PMCID: PMC8200633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) is the sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant occurring within the first year of life where the cause is not immediately obvious. It is believed that a proportion of unexplained infant deaths are due to an infection that remains undiagnosed. The interpretation of post-mortem microbiology results is difficult due to the potential false-positives, a source of which is post-mortem bacterial translocation. Post-mortem bacterial translocation is the spread of viable bacteria from highly colonised sites to extra-intestinal tissues. We hypothesise that although post-mortem bacterial translocation occurs, when carcasses are kept under controlled routine clinical conditions it is not extensive and can be defined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. With this knowledge, implementation of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique into routine clinical diagnostics would allow a more reliable retrospective diagnosis of ante-mortem infection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the extent of post-mortem bacterial translocation in two animal models to establish a baseline sequencing signal for the post-mortem process. To do this we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing in two animal models over a 2 week period to investigate (1) the bacterial community succession in regions of high bacterial colonisation, and (2) the bacterial presence in visceral tissues routinely sampled during autopsy for microbiological investigation. We found no evidence for significant and consistent post-mortem bacterial translocation in the mouse model. Although bacteria were detected in tissues in the piglet model, we did not find significant and consistent evidence for post-mortem bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract or nasal cavity. These data do not support the concept of significant post-mortem translocation as part of the normal post-mortem process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Gates
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J Klein
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmar G Alber
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Issitt R, Booth J, Crook R, Robertson A, Molyneux V, Richardson R, Cross N, Shaw M, Tsang V, Muthurangu V, Sebire NJ, Burch M, Fenton M. Intraoperative anti-A/B immunoadsorption is associated with significantly reduced blood product utilization with similar outcomes in pediatric ABO-incompatible heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:1433-1442. [PMID: 34187714 PMCID: PMC8579753 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intraoperative anti-A/B immunoadsorption (ABO-IA) was recently introduced for ABO-incompatible heart transplantation. Here we report the first case series of patients transplanted with ABO-IA, and compare outcomes with those undergoing plasma exchange facilitated ABO-incompatible heart transplantation (ABO-PE). Methods Data were retrospectively analysed on all ABO-incompatible heart transplants undertaken at a single centre between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2020. Data included all routine laboratory tests, demographics and pre-operative characteristics, intraoperative details and post-operative outcomes. Primary outcome measures were volume of blood product transfusions, maximum post-transplant isohaemagglutinin titres, occurrence of rejection and graft survival. Secondary outcome measures were length of intensive care and hospital stay. Demographic and survival data were also obtained for ABO-compatible transplants during the same time period for comparison. Results Thirty-seven patients underwent ABO-incompatible heart transplantation, with 27 (73%) using ABO-PE and 10 (27%) using ABO-IA. ABO-IA patients were significantly older than ABO-PE patients (p < 0.001) and the total volume of blood products transfused during the hospital admission was significantly lower (164 [126-212] ml/kg vs 323 [268-379] ml/kg, p < 0.001). No significant differences were noted between methods in either pre or post-transplant maximum isohaemagglutinin titres, incidence of rejection, length of intensive care or total hospital stay. Survival comparison showed no significant difference between antibody reduction methods, or indeed ABO-compatible transplants (p = 0.6). Conclusions This novel technique appears to allow a significantly older population than typical to undergo ABO-incompatible heart transplantation, as well as significantly reducing blood product utilization. Furthermore, intraoperative anti-A/B immunoadsorption does not demonstrate increased early post-transplant isohaemagglutinin accumulation or rates of rejection compared to ABO-PE. Early survival is equivalent between ABO-IA, ABO-PE and ABO-compatible heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Issitt
- Perfusion Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; Digital Research Informatics and Virtual Environment Unit, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, UK.
| | - John Booth
- Digital Research Informatics and Virtual Environment Unit, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, UK
| | - Richard Crook
- Perfusion Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alex Robertson
- Perfusion Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nigel Cross
- Perfusion Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael Shaw
- Perfusion Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Victor Tsang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vivek Muthurangu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Digital Research Informatics and Virtual Environment Unit, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, UK
| | - Michael Burch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Fenton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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48
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Simcock IC, Shelmerdine SC, Hutchinson JC, Sebire NJ, Arthurs OJ. Human fetal whole-body postmortem microfocus computed tomographic imaging. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2594-2614. [PMID: 33854254 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal autopsy is the standard method for investigating fetal death; however, it requires dissection of the fetus. Human fetal microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) provides a generally more acceptable and less invasive imaging alternative for bereaved parents to determine the cause of early pregnancy loss compared with conventional autopsy techniques. In this protocol, we describe the four main stages required to image fetuses using micro-CT. Preparation of the fetus includes staining with the contrast agent potassium triiodide and takes 3-19 d, depending on the size of the fetus and the time taken to obtain consent for the procedure. Setup for imaging requires appropriate positioning of the fetus and takes 1 h. The actual imaging takes, on average, 2 h 40 min and involves initial test scans followed by high-definition diagnostic scans. Postimaging, 3 d are required to postprocess the fetus, including removal of the stain, and also to undertake artifact recognition and data transfer. This procedure produces high-resolution isotropic datasets, allowing for radio-pathological interpretations to be made and long-term digital archiving for re-review and data sharing, where required. The protocol can be undertaken following appropriate training, which includes both the use of micro-CT techniques and handling of postmortem tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Simcock
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Susan C Shelmerdine
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - J Ciaran Hutchinson
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK. .,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK. .,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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49
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Shelmerdine SC, Sebire NJ, Calder AD, Arthurs OJ. Three-dimensional cinematic rendering of fetal skeletal dysplasia using postmortem computed tomography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57:659-660. [PMID: 33038273 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Shelmerdine
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - N J Sebire
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A D Calder
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - O J Arthurs
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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50
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Byrne M, Aughwane R, James JL, Hutchinson JC, Arthurs OJ, Sebire NJ, Ourselin S, David AL, Melbourne A, Clark AR. Structure-function relationships in the feto-placental circulation from in silico interpretation of micro-CT vascular structures. J Theor Biol 2021; 517:110630. [PMID: 33607145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A well-functioning placenta is critical for healthy fetal development, as the placenta brings fetal blood in close contact with nutrient rich maternal blood, enabling exchange of nutrients and waste between mother and fetus. The feto-placental circulation forms a complex branching structure, providing blood to fetal capillaries, which must receive sufficient blood flow to ensure effective exchange, but at a low enough pressure to prevent damage to placental circulatory structures. The branching structure of the feto-placental circulation is known to be altered in complications such as fetal growth restriction, and the presence of regions of vascular dysfunction (such as hypovascularity or thrombosis) are proposed to elevate risk of placental pathology. Here we present a methodology to combine micro-computed tomography and computational model-based analysis of the branching structure of the feto-placental circulation in ex vivo placentae from normal term pregnancies. We analyse how vascular structure relates to function in this key organ of pregnancy; demonstrating that there is a 'resilience' to placental vascular structure-function relationships. We find that placentae with variable chorionic vascular structures, both with and without a Hyrtl's anastomosis between the umbilical arteries, and those with multiple regions of poorly vascularised tissue are able to function with a normal vascular resistance. Our models also predict that by progressively introducing local heterogeneity in placental vascular structure, large increases in feto-placental vascular resistances are induced. This suggests that localised heterogeneities in placental structure could potentially provide an indicator of increased risk of placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Byrne
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rosalind Aughwane
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Prenatal Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Ciaran Hutchinson
- NIHR GOS Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- NIHR GOS Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College, London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Sebire
- NIHR GOS Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L David
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Prenatal Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alys R Clark
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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