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Solomon D, Cabecinha M, Gibbs J, Burns F, Sabin CA. How do we measure unmet need within sexual and reproductive health? A systematic review. Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:78-85. [PMID: 36127856 PMCID: PMC10916345 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221118778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing health inequality with sexual and reproductive health requires an understanding of unmet need within a range of populations. This review examined the methods and definitions that have been used to measure unmet need, and the populations most frequently assessed. METHODS Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Health Management and Policy Database (HMIC)) were searched for studies that described quantitative measurement of unmet need within sexual and/or reproductive health between 2010 and 2021. A narrative synthesis was then undertaken to ascertain themes within the literature. RESULTS The database search yielded 19,747 papers; 216 papers were included after screening. 190 studies assessed unmet reproductive health need, of which 137 were analyses of trends among people living in low/lower-middle income countries; 181 used cross-sectional data, with only nine analyses being longitudinal. Eighteen studies analysed unmet sexual health need, of which 12 focused on high and upper-middle income populations. 16 papers used cross-sectional analyses. The remaining 10 studies examined unmet need for a combination of sexual and reproductive health services, eight among populations from upper-middle or high income countries. All were cross-sectional analyses. 165 studies used the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) definition of unmet need; no other standardised definition was used among the remaining papers. DISCUSSION There is a significant focus on unmet need for contraception among women in low income countries within the published literature, leaving considerable evidence gaps in relation to unmet need within sexual health generally and among men in particular, and unmet reproductive health need in high income settings. In addition, using an increased range of data collection methods, analyses and definitions of unmet need would enable better understanding of health inequality in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Solomon
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - M Cabecinha
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Gibbs
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Burns
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - CA Sabin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Ruiz Nishiki M, Cabecinha M, Knowles R, Peters C, Aitkenhead H, Ifederu A, Schoenmakers N, Sebire NJ, Walker E, Hardelid P. Establishing risk factors and outcomes for congenital hypothyroidism with gland in situ using population-based data linkage methods: study protocol. BMJ Paediatr Open 2022; 6:10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001341. [PMID: 36053651 PMCID: PMC8969044 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been an increase in the birth prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) since the introduction of newborn screening, both globally and in the UK. This increase can be accounted for by an increase in CH with gland in situ (CH-GIS). It is not known why CH-GIS is becoming more common, nor how it affects the health, development and learning of children over the long term. Our study will use linked administrative health, education and clinical data to determine risk factors for CH-GIS and describe long-term health and education outcomes for affected children. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will construct a birth cohort study based on linked, administrative data to determine what factors have contributed to the increase in the birth prevalence of CH-GIS in the UK. We will also set up a follow-up study of cases and controls to determine the health and education outcomes of children with and without CH-GIS. We will use logistic/multinomial regression models to establish risk factors for CH-GIS. Changes in the prevalence of risk factors over time will help to explain the increase in birth prevalence of CH-GIS. Multivariable generalised linear models or Cox proportional hazards regression models will be used to assess the association between type of CH and school performance or health outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the London Queen Square Research Ethics Committee and the Health Research Authority's Confidentiality Advisory Group CAG. Approvals are also being sought from each data provider. Obtaining approvals from CAG, data providers and information governance bodies have caused considerable delays to the project. Our methods and findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Ruiz Nishiki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Population Policy and Practice, London, UK
| | - Melissa Cabecinha
- Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK.,Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Rachel Knowles
- Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Peters
- Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Helen Aitkenhead
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adeboye Ifederu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nadia Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Pia Hardelid
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Population Policy and Practice, London, UK
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Tanton C, McDonagh L, Cabecinha M, Clifton S, Geary R, Rait G, Saunders J, Cassell J, Bonell C, Mitchell KR, Mercer CH. How does the sexual, physical and mental health of young adults not in education, employment or training (NEET) compare to workers and students? BMC Public Health 2021; 21:412. [PMID: 33637055 PMCID: PMC7908525 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Syndemic theory highlights the potential for health problems to interact synergistically, compounding impact. Young adults not in education, employment or training (NEET) are more likely to experience disadvantage and poorer general health outcomes. However, there is little research on their sexual health, or the extent to which this clusters with mental and physical health outcomes. Methods Analysis of data from 16 to 24 year olds (1729 men, 2140 women) interviewed 2010–12 for Britain’s third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. Natsal-3 is a national probability sample survey using computer-assisted personal interviewing with computer-assisted self-interviewing. Participants were classified as workers, students or NEET. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between being NEET (relative to worker or student) and risk behaviours and outcomes in physical, sexual and mental health domains. We then examined how risk behaviours and poor health outcomes cluster within and across domains. Results 15% men and 20% women were NEET; 36% men and 32% women were workers; and 49% men and 48% women were students. Young people who were NEET were more likely to report smoking and drug use (men) than other young people. There were few differences in sexual health, although NEETs were more likely to report condomless sex, and NEET women, unplanned pregnancy (past year). Risk behaviours clustered more within and across domains for NEET men. Among NEET women, poor health outcomes clustered across mental, physical and sexual health domains. Conclusions Harmful health behaviours (men) and poor health outcomes (women) clustered more in those who are NEET. This points to a possible syndemic effect of NEET status on general ill health, especially for women. Our paper is novel in highlighting that elevated risk pertains to sexual as well as mental and physical health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10229-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Lorraine McDonagh
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Geary
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Greta Rait
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - John Saunders
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jackie Cassell
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Catherine H Mercer
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Cabecinha M, Solomon D, Rait G, Saunders J, Mohammed H, McDonagh LK. Equity considerations in outcome measures of the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis care continuum in high-income countries: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040701. [PMID: 33542038 PMCID: PMC7868247 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV. PrEP provision has increased in recent years, however, it is not known whether PrEP implementation has been equitably implemented across all risk groups, particularly groups experiencing high levels of health inequity. A PrEP care continuum (PCC) has been proposed to evaluate the success of PrEP implementation programmes, but the extent to which health equity characteristics are currently taken into account in the PCC has not been described. The objectives of this proposed systematic review are to (i) identify and collate outcome measure definitions for the main stages of the PCC (awareness, acceptability, uptake, adherence and retention), (ii) describe how equity characteristics are considered in outcome definitions of the PCC and (iii) describe data sources for capturing equity characteristics. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Quantitative studies published between 1 January 2012 and 3 March 2020 will be included. Five databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts) will be searched to identify English language publications that include an outcome measure definition of at least one of the five main stages of the PCC. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Data on outcome measure definitions and equity characteristics will be extracted. Results will be presented in a narrative synthesis and all findings will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated via submission for publication to a peer-reviewed journal when complete. The review findings will have relevance to healthcare professionals, policymakers and commissioners in informing how to best evaluate PrEP implementation programmes and inform new implementation strategies for vulnerable and less advantaged populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020169779.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cabecinha
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Solomon
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Greta Rait
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Saunders
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hamish Mohammed
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lorraine Katherine McDonagh
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London, University College London, London, UK
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Dedman D, Cabecinha M, Williams R, Evans SJW, Bhaskaran K, Douglas IJ. Approaches for combining primary care electronic health record data from multiple sources: a systematic review of observational studies. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037405. [PMID: 33055114 PMCID: PMC7559041 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify observational studies which used data from more than one primary care electronic health record (EHR) database, and summarise key characteristics including: objective and rationale for using multiple data sources; methods used to manage, analyse and (where applicable) combine data; and approaches used to assess and report heterogeneity between data sources. DESIGN A systematic review of published studies. DATA SOURCES Pubmed and Embase databases were searched using list of named primary care EHR databases; supplementary hand searches of reference list of studies were retained after initial screening. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies published between January 2000 and May 2018 were selected, which included at least two different primary care EHR databases. RESULTS 6054 studies were identified from database and hand searches, and 109 were included in the final review, the majority published between 2014 and 2018. Included studies used 38 different primary care EHR data sources. Forty-seven studies (44%) were descriptive or methodological. Of 62 analytical studies, 22 (36%) presented separate results from each database, with no attempt to combine them; 29 (48%) combined individual patient data in a one-stage meta-analysis and 21 (34%) combined estimates from each database using two-stage meta-analysis. Discussion and exploration of heterogeneity was inconsistent across studies. CONCLUSIONS Comparing patterns and trends in different populations, or in different primary care EHR databases from the same populations, is important and a common objective for multi-database studies. When combining results from several databases using meta-analysis, provision of separate results from each database is helpful for interpretation. We found that these were often missing, particularly for studies using one-stage approaches, which also often lacked details of any statistical adjustment for heterogeneity and/or clustering. For two-stage meta-analysis, a clear rationale should be provided for choice of fixed effect and/or random effects or other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dedman
- Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Melissa Cabecinha
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachael Williams
- Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Stephen J W Evans
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Krishnan Bhaskaran
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ian J Douglas
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Augustin H, McGourty K, Steinert JR, Cochemé HM, Adcott J, Cabecinha M, Vincent A, Halff EF, Kittler JT, Boucrot E, Partridge L. Myostatin-like proteins regulate synaptic function and neuronal morphology. Development 2017; 144:2445-2455. [PMID: 28533206 PMCID: PMC5536874 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors of the TGFβ superfamily play key roles in regulating neuronal and muscle function. Myostatin (or GDF8) and GDF11 are potent negative regulators of skeletal muscle mass. However, expression of myostatin and its cognate receptors in other tissues, including brain and peripheral nerves, suggests a potential wider biological role. Here, we show that Myoglianin (MYO), the Drosophila homolog of myostatin and GDF11, regulates not only body weight and muscle size, but also inhibits neuromuscular synapse strength and composition in a Smad2-dependent manner. Both myostatin and GDF11 affected synapse formation in isolated rat cortical neuron cultures, suggesting an effect on synaptogenesis beyond neuromuscular junctions. We also show that MYO acts in vivo to inhibit synaptic transmission between neurons in the escape response neural circuit of adult flies. Thus, these anti-myogenic proteins act as important inhibitors of synapse function and neuronal growth. Summary: Myostatin-like proteins can modulate neuromuscular synapse strength as well as synaptogenesis beyond neuromuscular junctions, highlighting a key role for these proteins in synapse function and neuronal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Augustin
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, Cologne D-50931, Germany
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joern R Steinert
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, Cologne D-50931, Germany.,MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, ICTEM Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jennifer Adcott
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, Cologne D-50931, Germany
| | - Melissa Cabecinha
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alec Vincent
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Els F Halff
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Emmanuel Boucrot
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK .,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, Cologne D-50931, Germany
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Parkar SG, Eady S, Cabecinha M, Skinner MA. Consumption of apple-boysenberry beverage decreases salivary Actinomyces naeslundii and their adhesion in a multi-species biofilm model. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:299-307. [PMID: 28403648 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that consumption of beverage rich in both fibre and polyphenols, rather than each bioactive alone, will modulate populations of selected salivary bacteria, and their adhesion characteristics and that some of these effects may be due to the anti-microbial activity of the beverage bioactives. We investigated the effect of 4 weeks' consumption of beverages, rich in apple fibre, boysenberry polyphenols, or both on salivary bacteria in healthy subjects. In this placebo-controlled crossover study, saliva samples were collected at the beginning and end of each treatment period, and used for qPCR quantitation of Lactobacillus spp., Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus mutans. The counts of salivary A. naeslundii decreased after the consumption of the apple-boysenberry beverage (P<0.05, Student's t-test). We also examined the effect of the subjects' saliva on bacterial adhesion using a mixed species biofilm model. The salivary pellicles prepared before and after each treatment were inoculated with laboratory strains of A. naeslundii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and S. mutans and tested for biofilm formation. The post appleboysenberry beverage salivary pellicle significantly decreased the adhesion of A. naeslundii at the end of both 3 and 24 h, in the in vitro biofilm. A 1/16 dilution of the apple-boysenberry beverage itself decreased the proliferation of test strains of A. naeslundii and S. mutans by 51 and 55%, respectively (P<0.005), indicating the antimicrobial activity of its bioactives. This study demonstrated that consumption of apple-boysenberry beverage, rather than apple or the boysenberry beverage alone or the placebo, decreased salivary A. naeslundii and their adhesion under laboratory conditions. These changes are factors that influence oral microecology and potentially oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Parkar
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - S Eady
- 2 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Canterbury Agricultural Science Centre, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - M Cabecinha
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - M A Skinner
- 3 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Cabecinha M, Mercer CH, Gravningen K, Aicken C, Jones KG, Tanton C, Wellings K, Sonnenberg P, Field N. Finding sexual partners online: prevalence and associations with sexual behaviour, STI diagnoses and other sexual health outcomes in the British population. Sex Transm Infect 2017; 93:572-582. [PMID: 28396557 PMCID: PMC5739860 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Online venues might facilitate sexual encounters, but the extent to which finding partners online is associated with sexual risk behaviour and sexual health outcomes is unclear. We describe use of the internet to find sexual partners in a representative sample in Britain. METHODS The third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3) was a cross-sectional probability survey of 15 162 adults (aged 16-74 years) undertaken 2010-2012. We estimated prevalence of, and identified factors associated with, finding sexual partners online among those reporting ≥1 new sexual partners in the past year. RESULTS Finding sexual partners online in the past year was reported by 17.6% (95% CI 15.6 to 19.9) of men and 10.1% (8.5-11.9) of women, and most common among those aged 35-44 years. After age-adjustment, those reporting a non-heterosexual identity were more likely to report this. Finding partners online was also associated with reporting sexual risk behaviours: condomless sex with ≥2 partners (adjusted OR (aOR) men: 1.52 (1.03 to 2.23); women: 1.62 (1.06 to 2.49)), concurrent partnerships (aOR men: 2.33 (1.62 to 3.35); women: 2.41 (1.49 to 3.87)) and higher partner numbers (reporting ≥5 partners aOR men: 5.95 (3.78 to 9.36); women: 7.00 (3.77 to 13.00)) (all past year). STI diagnoses and HIV testing were more common among men reporting finding partners online (adjusted for age, partner numbers, same-sex partnerships), but not women. CONCLUSIONS Finding partners online was associated with markers of sexual risk, which might be important for clinical risk assessment, but this was not matched by uptake of sexual health services. Online opportunities to find partners have increased, so these data might underestimate the importance of this social phenomenon for public health and STI control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cabecinha
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine H Mercer
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Gravningen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Norway
| | - Catherine Aicken
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kyle G Jones
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaye Wellings
- Department of Social & Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Niccoli T, Cabecinha M, Tillmann A, Kerr F, Wong CT, Cardenes D, Vincent AJ, Bettedi L, Li L, Grönke S, Dols J, Partridge L. Increased Glucose Transport into Neurons Rescues Aβ Toxicity in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2550. [PMID: 27676294 PMCID: PMC5628945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Niccoli T, Cabecinha M, Tillmann A, Kerr F, Wong CT, Cardenes D, Vincent AJ, Bettedi L, Li L, Grönke S, Dols J, Partridge L. Increased Glucose Transport into Neurons Rescues Aβ Toxicity in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2291-300. [PMID: 27524482 PMCID: PMC5026704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism is a prominent feature of the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disease progression is associated with a reduction in glucose transporters in both neurons and endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. However, whether increasing glucose transport into either of these cell types offers therapeutic potential remains unknown. Using an adult-onset Drosophila model of Aβ (amyloid beta) toxicity, we show that genetic overexpression of a glucose transporter, specifically in neurons, rescues lifespan, behavioral phenotypes, and neuronal morphology. This amelioration of Aβ toxicity is associated with a reduction in the protein levels of the unfolded protein response (UPR) negative master regulator Grp78 and an increase in the UPR. We further demonstrate that genetic downregulation of Grp78 activity also protects against Aβ toxicity, confirming a causal effect of its alteration on AD-related pathology. Metformin, a drug that stimulates glucose uptake in cells, mimicked these effects, with a concomitant reduction in Grp78 levels and rescue of the shortened lifespan and climbing defects of Aβ-expressing flies. Our findings demonstrate a protective effect of increased neuronal uptake of glucose against Aβ toxicity and highlight Grp78 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Niccoli
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Melissa Cabecinha
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Tillmann
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Fiona Kerr
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chi T Wong
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dalia Cardenes
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alec J Vincent
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucia Bettedi
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Dols
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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11
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Slack C, Alic N, Foley A, Cabecinha M, Hoddinott MP, Partridge L. The Ras-Erk-ETS-Signaling Pathway Is a Drug Target for Longevity. Cell 2015; 162:72-83. [PMID: 26119340 PMCID: PMC4518474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the molecular mechanisms that underlie aging and their pharmacological manipulation are key aims for improving lifelong human health. Here, we identify a critical role for Ras-Erk-ETS signaling in aging in Drosophila. We show that inhibition of Ras is sufficient for lifespan extension downstream of reduced insulin/IGF-1 (IIS) signaling. Moreover, direct reduction of Ras or Erk activity leads to increased lifespan. We identify the E-twenty six (ETS) transcriptional repressor, Anterior open (Aop), as central to lifespan extension caused by reduced IIS or Ras attenuation. Importantly, we demonstrate that adult-onset administration of the drug trametinib, a highly specific inhibitor of Ras-Erk-ETS signaling, can extend lifespan. This discovery of the Ras-Erk-ETS pathway as a pharmacological target for animal aging, together with the high degree of evolutionary conservation of the pathway, suggests that inhibition of Ras-Erk-ETS signaling may provide an effective target for anti-aging interventions in mammals. Video Abstract
Reduced insulin/IGF-1 (IIS) signaling involves Ras inhibition for longevity Attenuation of Ras-Erk signaling extends lifespan via the Aop transcription factor Treatment with trametinib, an inhibitor of Ras-Erk signaling, extends lifespan Ras-Erk-ETS signaling may provide targets for anti-aging interventions in mammals
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Slack
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nazif Alic
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Foley
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Melissa Cabecinha
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthew P Hoddinott
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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12
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Mizielinska S, Grönke S, Niccoli T, Ridler CE, Clayton EL, Devoy A, Moens T, Norona FE, Woollacott IOC, Pietrzyk J, Cleverley K, Nicoll AJ, Pickering-Brown S, Dols J, Cabecinha M, Hendrich O, Fratta P, Fisher EMC, Partridge L, Isaacs AM. C9orf72 repeat expansions cause neurodegeneration in Drosophila through arginine-rich proteins. Science 2014; 345:1192-1194. [PMID: 25103406 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An expanded GGGGCC repeat in C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A fundamental question is whether toxicity is driven by the repeat RNA itself and/or by dipeptide repeat proteins generated by repeat-associated, non-ATG translation. To address this question, we developed in vitro and in vivo models to dissect repeat RNA and dipeptide repeat protein toxicity. Expression of pure repeats, but not stop codon-interrupted "RNA-only" repeats in Drosophila caused adult-onset neurodegeneration. Thus, expanded repeats promoted neurodegeneration through dipeptide repeat proteins. Expression of individual dipeptide repeat proteins with a non-GGGGCC RNA sequence revealed that both poly-(glycine-arginine) and poly-(proline-arginine) proteins caused neurodegeneration. These findings are consistent with a dual toxicity mechanism, whereby both arginine-rich proteins and repeat RNA contribute to C9orf72-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mizielinska
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Teresa Niccoli
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte E Ridler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Emma L Clayton
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anny Devoy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Thomas Moens
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Frances E Norona
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ione O C Woollacott
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Julian Pietrzyk
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrew J Nicoll
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jacqueline Dols
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Melissa Cabecinha
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Oliver Hendrich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adrian M Isaacs
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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13
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Sofola-Adesakin O, Castillo-Quan JI, Rallis C, Tain LS, Bjedov I, Rogers I, Li L, Martinez P, Khericha M, Cabecinha M, Bähler J, Partridge L. Lithium suppresses Aβ pathology by inhibiting translation in an adult Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:190. [PMID: 25126078 PMCID: PMC4115666 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is age, and changes in the ageing nervous system are likely contributors to AD pathology. Amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, which occurs as a result of the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is thought to initiate the pathogenesis of AD, eventually leading to neuronal cell death. Previously, we developed an adult-onset Drosophila model of AD. Mutant Aβ42 accumulation led to increased mortality and neuronal dysfunction in the adult flies. Furthermore, we showed that lithium reduced Aβ42 protein, but not mRNA, and was able to rescue Aβ42-induced toxicity. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism/s by which lithium modulates Aβ42 protein levels and Aβ42 induced toxicity in the fly model. We found that lithium caused a reduction in protein synthesis in Drosophila and hence the level of Aβ42. At both the low and high doses tested, lithium rescued the locomotory defects induced by Aβ42, but it rescued lifespan only at lower doses, suggesting that long-term, high-dose lithium treatment may have induced toxicity. Lithium also down-regulated translation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe associated with increased chronological lifespan. Our data highlight a role for lithium and reduced protein synthesis as potential therapeutic targets for AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyinkan Sofola-Adesakin
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK ; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne, Germany
| | - Jorge I Castillo-Quan
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK ; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne, Germany
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK
| | - Luke S Tain
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivana Bjedov
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK ; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Cancer, UCL Cancer Institute London, UK
| | - Iain Rogers
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK
| | - Li Li
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK ; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne, Germany
| | - Mobina Khericha
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK ; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne, Germany
| | - Melissa Cabecinha
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London London, UK ; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne, Germany
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14
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Veldhoen N, Ikonomou MG, Buday C, Jordan J, Rehaume V, Cabecinha M, Dubetz C, Chamberlain J, Pittroff S, Vallée K, van Aggelen G, Helbing CC. Biological effects of the anti-parasitic chemotherapeutant emamectin benzoate on a non-target crustacean, the spot prawn (Pandalus platyceros Brandt, 1851) under laboratory conditions. Aquat Toxicol 2012; 108:94-105. [PMID: 22088864 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact of commercial salmon aquaculture along the coast of British Columbia on the health of non-target marine wildlife is of growing concern. In the current initiative, the biological effects on gene expression within spot prawn (Pandalus platyceros) exposed to the sea lice controlling agent, emamectin benzoate (EB; 0.1-4.8 mg/kg sediment), were investigated. A mean sediment/water partitioning coefficient (K(p)) was determined to be 21.81 and significant levels of EB were detected in the tail muscle tissue in all exposed animals. Animals selected for the experiment did not have eggs and were of similar weight. Significant mortality was observed within 8 days of EB treatment at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.8 mg/kg and there was no effect of EB on molting. Twelve spot prawn cDNA sequences were isolated from the tail muscle either by directed cloning or subtractive hybridization of control versus EB exposed tissues. Three of the transcripts most affected by EB exposure matched sequences encoding the 60S ribosomal protein L22, spliceosome RNA helicase WM6/UAP56, and the intracellular signal mediator histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 suggesting that translation, transcription regulation, and apoptosis pathways were impacted. The mRNA encoding the molting enzyme, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, was not affected by EB treatment. However, the expression of this transcript was extremely variable making it unsuitable for effects assessment. The results suggest that short-term exposure to EB can impact biological processes within this non-target crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Veldhoen
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada
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