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Ma Y, Shi R, Li F, Chang H. Emerging strategies for treating autoimmune disease with genetically modified dendritic cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:262. [PMID: 38715122 PMCID: PMC11075321 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene editing of living cells has become a crucial tool in medical research, enabling scientists to address fundamental biological questions and develop novel strategies for disease treatment. This technology has particularly revolutionized adoptive transfer cell therapy products, leading to significant advancements in tumor treatment and offering promising outcomes in managing transplant rejection, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. While recent clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of tolerogenic dendritic cell (TolDC) immunotherapy, concerns remain regarding its effectiveness. This review aims to discuss the application of gene editing techniques to enhance the tolerance function of dendritic cells (DCs), with a particular focus on preclinical strategies that are currently being investigated to optimize the tolerogenic phenotype and function of DCs. We explore potential approaches for in vitro generation of TolDCs and provide an overview of emerging strategies for modifying DCs. Additionally, we highlight the primary challenges hindering the clinical adoption of TolDC therapeutics and propose future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Ma
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Ruobing Shi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Haocai Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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2
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Fu Y, Xiang Y, Li H, Chen A, Dong Z. Inflammation in kidney repair: Mechanism and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108240. [PMID: 35803367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The kidney has a remarkable ability of repair after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, when injury is severe or persistent, the repair is incomplete or maladaptive and may lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maladaptive kidney repair involves multiple cell types and multifactorial processes, of which inflammation is a key component. In the process of inflammation, there is a bidirectional interplay between kidney parenchymal cells and the immune system. The extensive and complex crosstalk between renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial cells, including immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, governs the repair and recovery of the injured kidney. Further research in this field is imperative for the discovery of biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for kidney repair. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the immune response and inflammation during maladaptive kidney repair, analyzing the interaction between immune cells and intrinsic kidney cells, pointing out the potentialities of inflammation-related pathways as therapeutic targets, and discussing the challenges and future research prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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3
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Abstract
Transplantation is now performed globally as a routine procedure. However, the increased demand for donor organs and consequent expansion of donor criteria has created an imperative to maximize the quality of these gains. The goal is to balance preservation of allograft function against patient quality-of-life, despite exposure to long-term immunosuppression. Elimination of immunosuppressive therapy to avoid drug toxicity, with concurrent acceptance of the allograft-so-called operational tolerance-has proven elusive. The lack of recent advances in immunomodulatory drug development, together with advances in immunotherapy in oncology, has prompted interest in cell-based therapies to control the alloimmune response. Extensive experimental work in animals has characterized regulatory immune cell populations that can induce and maintain tolerance, demonstrating that their adoptive transfer can promote donor-specific tolerance. An extension of this large body of work has resulted in protocols for manufacture, as well as early-phase safety and feasibility trials for many regulatory cell types. Despite the excitement generated by early clinical trials in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation, there is as yet no clinically validated, approved regulatory cell therapy for transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this field, with a focus on myeloid and mesenchymal cell therapies, including current understanding of the mechanisms of action of regulatory immune cells, and clinical trials in organ transplantation using these cells as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Li
- Center of Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Center of Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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4
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Robertson H, Li J, Kim HJ, Rhodes JW, Harman AN, Patrick E, Rogers NM. Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies A Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell Signature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733231. [PMID: 34745103 PMCID: PMC8564488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are central to regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Strategies that modify DC function provide new therapeutic opportunities in autoimmune diseases and transplantation. Current pharmacological approaches can alter DC phenotype to induce tolerogenic DC (tolDC), a maturation-resistant DC subset capable of directing a regulatory immune response that are being explored in current clinical trials. The classical phenotypic characterization of tolDC is limited to cell-surface marker expression and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, although these are not specific. TolDC may be better defined using gene signatures, but there is no consensus definition regarding genotypic markers. We address this shortcoming by analyzing available transcriptomic data to yield an independent set of differentially expressed genes that characterize human tolDC. We validate this transcriptomic signature and also explore gene differences according to the method of tolDC generation. As well as establishing a novel characterization of tolDC, we interrogated its translational utility in vivo, demonstrating this geneset was enriched in the liver, a known tolerogenic organ. Our gene signature will potentially provide greater understanding regarding transcriptional regulators of tolerance and allow researchers to standardize identification of tolDC used for cellular therapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robertson
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Li
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Hani Jieun Kim
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake W Rhodes
- Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew N Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellis Patrick
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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5
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Passeri L, Marta F, Bassi V, Gregori S. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell-Based Approaches in Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8415. [PMID: 34445143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) dictate the outcomes of tissue-specific immune responses. In the context of autoimmune diseases, DCs instruct T cells to respond to antigens (Ags), including self-Ags, leading to organ damage, or to becoming regulatory T cells (Tregs) promoting and perpetuating immune tolerance. DCs can acquire tolerogenic properties in vitro and in vivo in response to several stimuli, a feature that opens the possibility to generate or to target DCs to restore tolerance in autoimmune settings. We present an overview of the different subsets of human DCs and of the regulatory mechanisms associated with tolerogenic (tol)DC functions. We review the role of DCs in the induction of tissue-specific autoimmunity and the current approaches exploiting tolDC-based therapies or targeting DCs in vivo for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Finally, we discuss limitations and propose future investigations for improving the knowledge on tolDCs for future clinical assessment to revert and prevent autoimmunity. The continuous expansion of tolDC research areas will lead to improving the understanding of the role that DCs play in the development and treatment of autoimmunity.
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6
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Zhuang J, Hou J. The Role of Regulatory Myeloid Cell Therapy in Renal Allograft Rejection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625998. [PMID: 33717141 PMCID: PMC7943475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is a primary therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) all the time. But it does not mean that we have fully unraveling the mystery of kidney transplantation and confer every patient favorable prognosis. Immune rejection has always been a stumbling block when we try to increase the success rate of kidney transplantation and improve long-term outcomes. Even if the immune rejection is effectively controlled in acute phase, there is a high possibility that the immune response mediated by chronically activated antibodies will trigger chronic rejection and ultimately lead to graft failure. At present, immunosuppressive agent prepared chemically is mainly used to prevent acute or chronic rejection, but it failed to increase the long-term survival rate of allografts or reduce the incidence of chronic rejection after acute rejection, and is accompanied by many adverse reactions. Therefore, many studies have begun to use immune cells to regulate the immune response in order to control allograft rejection. This article will focus on the latest study and prospects of more popular regulatory myeloid cells in the direction of renal transplantation immunotherapy and introduce their respective progress from experimental research to clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Hou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Cai S, Choi JY, Borges TJ, Zhang H, Miao J, Ichimura T, Li X, Xu S, Chu P, Eskandari SK, Allos H, Alhaddad JB, Muhsin SA, Yatim K, Riella LV, Sage PT, Chandraker AK, Azzi JR. Donor myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) prolong allogeneic cardiac graft survival through programming of recipient myeloid cells in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14249. [PMID: 32859934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is a lifesaving therapy for patients with end-organ disease. Current immunosuppression protocols are not designed to target antigen-specific alloimmunity and are uncapable of preventing chronic allograft injury. As myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are potent immunoregulatory cells, we tested whether donor-derived MDSCs can protect heart transplant allografts in an antigen-specific manner. C57BL/6 (H2Kb, I-Ab) recipients pre-treated with BALB/c MDSCs were transplanted with either donor-type (BALB/c, H2Kd, I-Ad) or third-party (C3H, H2Kk, I-Ak) cardiac grafts. Spleens and allografts from C57BL/6 recipients were harvested for immune phenotyping, transcriptomic profiling and functional assays. Single injection of donor-derived MDSCs significantly prolonged the fully MHC mismatched allogeneic cardiac graft survival in a donor-specific fashion. Transcriptomic analysis of allografts harvested from donor-derived MDSCs treated recipients showed down-regulated proinflammatory cytokines. Immune phenotyping showed that the donor MDSCs administration suppressed effector T cells in recipients. Interestingly, significant increase in recipient endogenous CD11b+Gr1+ MDSC population was observed in the group treated with donor-derived MDSCs compared to the control groups. Depletion of this endogenous MDSCs with anti-Gr1 antibody reversed donor MDSCs-mediated allograft protection. Furthermore, we observed that the allogeneic mixed lymphocytes reaction was suppressed in the presence of CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs in a donor-specific manner. Donor-derived MDSCs prolong cardiac allograft survival in a donor-specific manner via induction of recipient's endogenous MDSCs.
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Abstract
Transplantation is the only cure for end-stage organ failure. Current immunosuppressive drugs have two major limitations: 1) non antigen specificity, which increases the risk of cancer and infection diseases, and 2) chronic toxicity. Cell therapy appears to be an innovative and promising strategy to minimize the use of immunosuppression in transplantation and to improve long-term graft survival. Preclinical studies have shown efficacy and safety of using various suppressor cells, such as regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells. Recent clinical trials using cellbased therapies in solid organ transplantation also hold out the promise of improving efficacy. In this review, we will briefly go over the rejection process, current immunosuppressive drugs, and the potential therapeutic use of regulatory cells in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Cai
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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9
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Schönberg A, Hamdorf M, Bock F. Immunomodulatory Strategies Targeting Dendritic Cells to Improve Corneal Graft Survival. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051280. [PMID: 32354200 PMCID: PMC7287922 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the cornea is regarded as an immune-privileged tissue, transplantation always comes with the risk of rejection due to mismatches between donor and recipient. It is common sense that an alternative to corticosteroids as the current gold standard for treatment of corneal transplantation is needed. Since blood and lymphatic vessels have been identified as a severe risk factor for corneal allograft survival, much research has focused on vessel regression or inhibition of hem- and lymphangiogenesis in general. However, lymphatic vessels have been identified as required for the inflammation's resolution. Therefore, targeting other players of corneal engraftment could reveal new therapeutic strategies. The establishment of a tolerogenic microenvironment at the graft site would leave the recipient with the ability to manage pathogenic conditions independent from transplantation. Dendritic cells (DCs) as the central player of the immune system represent a target that allows the induction of tolerogenic mechanisms by many different strategies. These strategies are reviewed in this article with regard to their success in corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfrun Schönberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Matthias Hamdorf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.S.); (M.H.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-97789
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10
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Ochando J, Ordikhani F, Jordan S, Boros P, Thomson AW. Tolerogenic dendritic cells in organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2019; 33:113-127. [PMID: 31472079 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized cells of the innate immune system that are characterized by their ability to take up, process and present antigens (Ag) to effector T cells. They are derived from DC precursors produced in the bone marrow. Different DC subsets have been described according to lineage-specific transcription factors required for their development and function. Functionally, DCs are responsible for inducing Ag-specific immune responses that mediate organ transplant rejection. Consequently, to prevent anti-donor immune responses, therapeutic strategies have been directed toward the inhibition of DC activation. In addition however, an extensive body of preclinical research, using transplant models in rodents and nonhuman primates, has established a central role of DCs in the negative regulation of alloimmune responses. As a result, DCs have been employed as cell-based immunotherapy in early phase I/II clinical trials in organ transplantation. Together with in vivo targeting through use of myeloid cell-specific nanobiologics, DC manipulation represents a promising approach for the induction of transplantation tolerance. In this review, we summarize fundamental characteristics of DCs and their roles in promotion of central and peripheral tolerance. We also discuss their clinical application to promote improved long-term outcomes in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Boros
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Department of Surgery and Department of Immunology, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Lee J, Arun Kumar S, Souery WN, Hinsdale T, Maitland KC, Bishop CJ. An ultraviolet-curable, core-shell vaccine formed via phase separation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2160-2173. [PMID: 31107571 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the central challenges in the field of vaccine delivery is to develop a delivery method that maintains antigen stability while also enabling control over the system's release kinetics. Addressing these challenges would not only allow for expanded access to vaccines worldwide but would also help significantly reduce mortality rates in developing countries. In this article, we report the development of single-injection vaccine depots for achieving novel delayed burst release. Synthesized poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ε-caprolactone) triacrylate were used to form stationary bubbles within an aqueous solution of 10% carboxymethylcellulose. These polymeric bubbles (referred to as "polybubbles") can then be injected with an aqueous solution of cargo, resulting in the formation of a polymeric shell. The puncture resulting from cargo injection self-heals prior to ultraviolet (UV) curing. UV curing and lyophilization were shown to enhance the stability of the polybubbles. BSA- CF 488 and HIV1 gp120/41 were used as the antigen in the study as a proof-of-concept. Further endeavors to automate the production of polybubbles are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Shreedevi Arun Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Whitney N Souery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Taylor Hinsdale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kristen C Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Corey J Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Phillips BE, Garciafigueroa Y, Engman C, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and T-Regulatory Cells at the Clinical Trials Crossroad for the Treatment of Autoimmune Disease; Emphasis on Type 1 Diabetes Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:148. [PMID: 30787930 PMCID: PMC6372505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells are two immune cell populations with the potential to prevent the onset of clinical stage type 1 diabetes, and manage the beginning of underlying autoimmunity, at the time-at-onset and onwards. Initial phase I trials demonstrated that the administration of a number of these cell populations, generated ex vivo from peripheral blood leukocytes, was safe. Outcomes of some of these trials also suggested some level of autoimmunity regulation, by the increase in the numbers of regulatory cells at different points in a network of immune regulation in vivo. As these cell populations come to the cusp of pivotal phase II efficacy trials, a number of questions still need to be addressed. At least one mechanism of action needs to be verified as operational, and through this mechanism biomarkers predictive of the underlying autoimmunity need to be identified. Efficacy in the regulation of the underlying autoimmunity also need to be monitored. At the same time, the absence of a common phenotype core among the different dendritic cell and T-regulatory cell populations, that have completed phase I and early phase II trials, necessitates a better understanding of what makes these cells tolerogenic, especially if a uniform phenotypic core cannot be identified. Finally, the inter-relationship of tolerogenic dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells for survival, induction, and maintenance of a tolerogenic state that manages the underlying diabetes autoimmunity, raises the possibility to co-administer, or even to serially-administer tolerogenic dendritic cells together with T-regulatory cells as a cellular co-therapy, enabling the best possible outcome. This is currently a knowledge gap that this review aims to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Eugene Phillips
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yesica Garciafigueroa
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carl Engman
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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13
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Amodio G, Cichy J, Conde P, Matteoli G, Moreau A, Ochando J, Oral BH, Pekarova M, Ryan EJ, Roth J, Sohrabi Y, Cuturi MC, Gregori S. Role of myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs) in maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting tolerance in autoimmunity, inflammatory disease and transplantation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 68:661-672. [PMID: 30357490 PMCID: PMC6447499 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. In inflammation, autoimmunity, and after transplantation, myeloid cells have contrasting roles: on the one hand they initiate the immune response, promoting activation and expansion of effector T-cells, and on the other, they counter-regulate inflammation, maintain tissue homeostasis, and promote tolerance. The latter activities are mediated by several myeloid cells including polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and dendritic cells. Since these cells have been associated with immune suppression and tolerance, they will be further referred to as myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs). In recent years, MRCs have emerged as a therapeutic target or have been regarded as a potential cellular therapeutic product for tolerance induction. However, several open questions must be addressed to enable the therapeutic application of MRCs including: how do they function at the site of inflammation, how to best target these cells to modulate their activities, and how to isolate or to generate pure populations for adoptive cell therapies. In this review, we will give an overview of the current knowledge on MRCs in inflammation, autoimmunity, and transplantation. We will discuss current strategies to target MRCs and to exploit their tolerogenic potential as a cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Amodio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patricia Conde
- Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, , Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Moreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, , Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbaros H Oral
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria-Cristina Cuturi
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Borges TJ, Murakami N, Machado FD, Murshid A, Lang BJ, Lopes RL, Bellan LM, Uehara M, Antunes KH, Pérez-Saéz MJ, Birrane G, Vianna P, Gonçalves JIB, Zanin RF, Azzi J, Abdi R, Ishido S, Shin JS, Souza APD, Calderwood SK, Riella LV, Bonorino C. March1-dependent modulation of donor MHC II on CD103 + dendritic cells mitigates alloimmunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3482. [PMID: 30154416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In transplantation, donor dendritic cells (do-DCs) initiate the alloimmune response either by direct interaction with host T cells or by transferring intact donor MHC to host DCs. However, how do-DCs can be targeted for improving allograft survival is still unclear. Here we show CD103+ DCs are the major do-DC subset involved in the acute rejection of murine skin transplants. In the absence of CD103+ do-DCs, less donor MHC-II is carried to host lymph nodes, fewer allogenic T cells are primed and allograft survival is prolonged. Incubation of skin grafts with the anti-inflammatory mycobacterial protein DnaK reduces donor MHC-II on CD103+DCs and prolongs graft survival. This effect is mediated through IL-10-induced March1, which ubiquitinates and decreases MHC-II levels. Importantly, in vitro pre-treatment of human DCs with DnaK reduces their ability to prime alloreactive T cells. Our findings demonstrate a novel therapeutic approach to dampen alloimmunity by targeting donor MHC-II on CD103+DCs. Donor-derived dendritic cells (do-DC) in the graft can contribute to the induction of alloimmunity and tissue rejection, but how do-DC can be targeted for improving graft survival is unclear. Here the authors show that reducing MHC-II expression on do-DCs by DnaK pre-treatment can decrease the priming of alloimmunity and prolong graft survival in mouse models.
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Carretero-Iglesia L, Bouchet-Delbos L, Louvet C, Drujont L, Segovia M, Merieau E, Chiffoleau E, Josien R, Hill M, Cuturi MC, Moreau A. Comparative Study of the Immunoregulatory Capacity of In Vitro Generated Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells, Suppressor Macrophages, and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Transplantation 2016; 100:2079-89. [PMID: 27653226 DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory myeloid cell (RMC) therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of immunological disorders such as autoimmune disease and allograft transplant rejection. Various RMC subsets can be derived from total bone marrow using different protocols, but their phenotypes often overlap, raising questions about whether they are truly distinct. METHODS In this study, we directly compared the phenotype and function of 3 types of RMCs, tolerogenic dendritic cells, suppressor macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, generated in vitro from the same mouse strain in a single laboratory. RESULTS We show that the 3 RMC subsets tested in this study share some phenotypic markers, suppress T cell proliferation in vitro and were all able to prolong allograft survival in a model of skin transplantation. However, our results highlight distinct mechanisms of action that are specific to each cell population. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time a side-by-side comparison of 3 types of RMCs using the same phenotypic and functional assays, thus providing a robust analysis of their similarities and differences.
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Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a serious and deadly complication of patients, who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite prophylactic treatment with immunosuppressive agents, 20–80% of recipients develop acute GVHD after HSCT. And the incidence rates of chronic GVHD range from 6 to 80%. Standard therapeutic strategies are still lacking, although considerable advances have been gained in knowing of the predisposing factors, pathology, and diagnosis of GVHD. Targeting immune cells, such as regulatory T cells, as well as tolerogenic dendritic cells or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display considerable benefit in the relief of GVHD through the deletion of alloactivated T cells. Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokines or signaling molecules have been demonstrated to be beneficial for the prevention of GVHD. However, these remain to be verified in clinical therapy. It is also important and necessary to consider adopting individualized treatment based on GVHD subtypes, pathological mechanisms involved and stages. In the future, it is hoped that the identification of novel therapeutic targets and systematic research strategies may yield novel safe and effective approaches in clinic to improve outcomes of GVHD further. In this article, we reviewed the current advances in targeted immunotherapy for the prevention of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education, Ministry of China, Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education, Ministry of China, Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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17
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Comi M, Amodio G, Gregori S. Interleukin-10-Producing DC-10 Is a Unique Tool to Promote Tolerance Via Antigen-Specific T Regulatory Type 1 Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:682. [PMID: 29686676 PMCID: PMC5900789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prominent role of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) in promoting immune tolerance and the development of efficient methods to generate clinical grade products allow the application of tolDCs as cell-based approach to dampen antigen (Ag)-specific T cell responses in autoimmunity and transplantation. Interleukin (IL)-10 potently modulates the differentiation and functions of myeloid cells. Our group contributed to the identification of IL-10 as key factor in inducing a subset of human tolDCs, named dendritic cell (DC)-10, endowed with the ability to spontaneously release IL-10 and induce Ag-specific T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells. We will provide an overview on the role of IL-10 in modulating myeloid cells and in promoting DC-10. Moreover, we will discuss the clinical application of DC-10 as inducers of Ag-specific Tr1 cells for tailoring Tr1-based cell therapy, and as cell product for promoting and restoring tolerance in T-cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Comi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Amodio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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18
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Abstract
Over the past century, solid organ transplantation has been improved both at a surgical and postoperative level. However, despite the improvement in efficiency, safety, and survival, we are still far from obtaining full acceptance of all kinds of allograft in the absence of concomitant treatments. Today, transplanted patients are treated with immunosuppressive drugs (IS) to minimize immunological response in order to prevent graft rejection. Nevertheless, the lack of specificity of IS leads to an increase in the risk of cancer and infections. At this point, cell therapies have been shown as a novel promising resource to minimize the use of IS in transplantation. The main strength of cell therapy is the opportunity to generate allograft-specific tolerance, promoting in this way long-term allograft survival. Among several other regulatory cell types, tolerogenic monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Tol-MoDCs) appear to be an interesting candidate for cell therapy due to their ability to perform specific antigen presentation and to polarize immune response to immunotolerance. In this review, we describe the characteristics and the mechanisms of action of both human Tol-MoDCs and rodent tolerogenic bone marrow-derived DCs (Tol-BMDCs). Furthermore, studies performed in transplantation models in rodents and non-human primates corroborate the potential of Tol-BMDCs for immunoregulation. In consequence, Tol-MoDCs have been recently evaluated in sundry clinical trials in autoimmune diseases and shown to be safe. In addition to autoimmune diseases clinical trials, Tol-MoDC is currently used in the first phase I/II clinical trials in transplantation. Translation of Tol-MoDCs to clinical application in transplantation will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Marín
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Maria Cristina Cuturi
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Moreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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19
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Phillips BE, Garciafigueroa Y, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Clinical Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: Exploring Therapeutic Impact on Human Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1279. [PMID: 29075262 PMCID: PMC5643419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cell (tDC)-based clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases are now a reality. Clinical trials are currently exploring the effectiveness of tDC to treat autoimmune diseases of type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Crohn's disease. This review will address tDC employed in current clinical trials, focusing on cell characteristics, mechanisms of action, and clinical findings. To date, the publicly reported human trials using tDC indicate that regulatory lymphocytes (largely Foxp3+ T-regulatory cell and, in one trial, B-regulatory cells) are, for the most part, increased in frequency in the circulation. Other than this observation, there are significant differences in the major phenotypes of the tDC. These differences may affect the outcome in efficacy of recently launched and impending phase II trials. Recent efforts to establish a catalog listing where tDC converge and diverge in phenotype and functional outcome are an important first step toward understanding core mechanisms of action and critical "musts" for tDC to be therapeutically successful. In our view, the most critical parameter to efficacy is in vivo stability of the tolerogenic activity over phenotype. As such, methods that generate tDC that can induce and stably maintain immune hyporesponsiveness to allo- or disease-specific autoantigens in the presence of powerful pro-inflammatory signals are those that will fare better in primary endpoints in phase II clinical trials (e.g., disease improvement, preservation of autoimmunity-targeted tissue, allograft survival). We propose that pre-treatment phenotypes of tDC in the absence of functional stability are of secondary value especially as such phenotypes can dramatically change following administration, especially under dynamic changes in the inflammatory state of the patient. Furthermore, understanding the outcomes of different methods of cell delivery and sites of delivery on functional outcomes, as well as quality control variability in the functional outcomes resulting from the various approaches of generating tDC for clinical use, will inform more standardized ex vivo generation methods. An understanding of these similarities and differences, with a reference point the large number of naturally occurring tDC populations with different immune profiles described in the literature, could explain some of the expected and unanticipated outcomes of emerging tDC clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Eugene Phillips
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yesica Garciafigueroa
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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20
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Northrup L, Griffin JD, Christopher MA, Antunez LR, Hartwell BL, Pickens CJ, Berkland C. Co-delivery of autoantigen and dexamethasone in incomplete Freund's adjuvant ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Control Release 2017; 266:156-65. [PMID: 28963036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for autoimmune diseases focus on treating the symptoms rather than the underlying disease cause. A major setback in improving current therapeutics for autoimmunity is the lack of antigen specificity. Successful antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) would allow for improved treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this work, dexamethasone was co-delivered with autoantigen (PLP) in vivo to create effective ASIT for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using an emulsion of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) as a co-delivery vehicle, it was discovered that the controlled release of autoantigen was important for the suppression of clinical disease symptoms. Analysis of the immune response via cytokines revealed that dexamethasone was important for shifting the immune response away from inflammation. Co-delivery of both autoantigen and dexamethasone increased B-cell populations and antibody production, signifying an increased humoral immune response. Overall, this data indicated that the co-delivery of PLP and dexamethasone with a water-in-oil emulsion is effective in treating a murine autoimmune model.
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21
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Cai S, Hou J, Fujino M, Zhang Q, Ichimaru N, Takahara S, Araki R, Lu L, Chen JM, Zhuang J, Zhu P, Li XK. iPSC-Derived Regulatory Dendritic Cells Inhibit Allograft Rejection by Generating Alloantigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1174-1189. [PMID: 28434942 PMCID: PMC5425686 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory dendritic cell (DCregs)-based immunotherapy is a potential therapeutic tool for transplant rejection. We generated DCregs from murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which could remain in a “stable immature stage” even under strong stimulation. Harnessing this characteristic, we hypothesized that iPS-DCregs worked as a negative vaccine to generate regulatory T cells (Tregs), and induced donor-specific allograft acceptance. We immunized naive CBA (H-2Kk) mice with B6 (H-2Kb) iPS-DCregs and found that Tregs (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) significantly increased in CBA splenocytes. Moreover, immunized CBA recipients permanently accepted B6 cardiac grafts in a donor-specific pattern. We demonstrated mechanistically that donor-type iPS-DCregs triggered transforming growth factor β1 secretion, under which the donor-antigen peptides directed naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into donor-specific FOXP3+ Tregs instead of into effector T cells in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of iPS-DCregs as a key cell therapy resource in clinical transplantation. iPS-DCregs keep in stable immature stage that makes them a powerful cellular vaccine Donor-type iPS-DCregs lead to permanent acceptance of allogeneic cardiac grafts iPS-DCregs reduce CTL and downregulate proinflammatory cytokine iPS-DCregs enhance Tregs transmigration capability in a TGF-β1-dependent manner
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Cai
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jiangang Hou
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Qi Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Naotsugu Ichimaru
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryoko Araki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lina Lu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ji-Mei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China.
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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22
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Moreau A, Alliot-Licht B, Cuturi MC, Blancho G. Tolerogenic dendritic cell therapy in organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2016; 30:754-764. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moreau
- INSERM UMR1064; Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Brigitte Alliot-Licht
- INSERM UMR1064; Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Maria-Cristina Cuturi
- INSERM UMR1064; Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- INSERM UMR1064; Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
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23
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24
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Lopes RL, Borges TJ, Zanin RF, Bonorino C. IL-10 is required for polarization of macrophages to M2-like phenotype by mycobacterial DnaK (heat shock protein 70). Cytokine 2016; 85:123-9. [PMID: 27337694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key cells in the innate immune system. They phagocytose pathogens and cellular debris, promote inflammation, and have important roles in tumor immunity. Depending on the microenvironment, macrophages can polarize to M1 (inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes. Extracellular DnaK (the bacterial ortholog of the mammalian Hsp70) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was described to exert immune modulatory roles in an IL-10 dependent manner. We have previously observed that endotoxin-free DnaK can polarize macrophages to an M2-like phenotype. However, the mechanisms that underlie this polarization need to be further investigated. IL-10 has been described to promote macrophage polarization, so we investigated the involvement of this cytokine in macrophages stimulated with extracellular DnaK. IL-10 was required to induce the expression of M2 markers - Ym1 and Fizz, when macrophages were treated with DnaK. Blockade of IL-10R also impaired DnaK induced polarization, demonstrating the requirement of the IL-10/IL-10R signaling pathway in this polarization. DnaK was able to induce TGF-β mRNA in treated macrophages in an IL-10 dependent manner. However, protein TGF-β could not be detected in culture supernatants. Finally, using an in vivo allogeneic melanoma model, we observed that DnaK-treated macrophages can promote tumor growth in an IL-10-dependent manner. Our results indicate that the IL-10/IL-10R axis is required for DnaK-induced M2-like polarization in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Lopes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90680-001, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90680-001, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Zanin
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Unilassale, Canoas, RS 92010-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90680-001, Brazil.
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25
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Mansilla MJ, Contreras-Cardone R, Navarro-Barriuso J, Cools N, Berneman Z, Ramo-Tello C, Martínez-Cáceres EM. Cryopreserved vitamin D3-tolerogenic dendritic cells pulsed with autoantigens as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:113. [PMID: 27207486 PMCID: PMC4874005 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) have been postulated as a potent immunoregulatory therapy for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In a previous study, we demonstrated that the administration of antigen-specific vitamin D3 (vitD3) tolDC in mice showing clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; the animal model of MS) resulted in abrogation of disease progression. With the purpose to translate this beneficial therapy to the clinics, we have investigated the effectivity of vitD3-frozen antigen-specific tolDC pulsed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 40-55 peptide (f-tolDC-MOG) since it would reduce the cost, functional variability and number of leukapheresis to perform to the patients. Methods Mice showing EAE clinical signs were treated with repetitive doses of f-tolDC-MOG. Tolerogenic mechanisms induced by the therapy were analysed by flow cytometry and T cell proliferation assays. Results Treatment with f-tolDC-MOG was effective in ameliorating clinical signs of mice with EAE, inhibiting antigen-specific reactivity and inducing Treg. In addition, the long-term treatment was well tolerated and leading to a prolonged maintenance of tolerogenicity mediated by induction of Breg, reduction of NK cells and activation of immunoregulatory NKT cells. Conclusions The outcomes of this study show that the use of antigen-specific f-tolDC promotes multiple and potent tolerogenic mechanisms. Moreover, these cells can be kept frozen maintaining their tolerogenic properties, which is a relevant step for their translation to the clinic. Altogether, vitD3 f-tolDC-MOG is a potential strategy to arrest the autoimmune destruction in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Mansilla
- Division of Immunology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Raian Contreras-Cardone
- Division of Immunology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
| | - Juan Navarro-Barriuso
- Division of Immunology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Antwerp University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Zwi Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Antwerp University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Cristina Ramo-Tello
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva María Martínez-Cáceres
- Division of Immunology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain. .,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
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Yu T, Rajendran V, Griffith M, Forrester JV, Kuffová L. High-risk corneal allografts: A therapeutic challenge. World J Transplant 2016; 6:10-27. [PMID: 27011902 PMCID: PMC4801785 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the most common surgical procedure amongst solid organ transplants with a high survival rate of 86% at 1-year post-grafting. This high success rate has been attributed to the immune privilege of the eye. However, mechanisms originally thought to promote immune privilege, such as the lack of antigen presenting cells and vessels in the cornea, are challenged by recent studies. Nevertheless, the immunological and physiological features of the cornea promoting a relatively weak alloimmune response is likely responsible for the high survival rate in “low-risk” settings. Furthermore, although corneal graft survival in “low-risk” recipients is favourable, the prognosis in “high-risk” recipients for corneal graft is poor. In “high-risk” grafts, the process of indirect allorecognition is accelerated by the enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses due to pre-existing inflammation and neovascularization of the host bed. This leads to the irreversible rejection of the allograft and ultimately graft failure. Many therapeutic measures are being tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to counter the immunological challenge of “high-risk” recipients. Despite the prevailing dogma, recent data suggest that tissue matching together with use of systemic immunosuppression may increase the likelihood of graft acceptance in “high-risk” recipients. However, immunosuppressive drugs are accompanied with intolerance/side effects and toxicity, and therefore, novel cell-based therapies are in development which target host immune cells and restore immune homeostasis without significant side effect of treatment. In addition, developments in regenerative medicine may be able to solve both important short comings of allotransplantation: (1) graft rejection and ultimate graft failure; and (2) the lack of suitable donor corneas. The advances in technology and research indicate that wider therapeutic choices for patients may be available to address the worldwide problem of corneal blindness in both “low-risk” and “high-risk” hosts.
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Yoo S, Ha SJ. Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications. Immune Netw 2016; 16:52-60. [PMID: 26937232 PMCID: PMC4770100 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby leading to immune activation. DCs have been known to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and nucleic acids via their pattern recognition receptors, which trigger signaling of their maturation and effector functions. Furthermore, DCs take up and process antigens as a form of peptide loaded on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and present them to T cells, which are responsible for the adaptive immune response. Conversely, DCs can also play a role in inducing immune suppression under specific circumstances. From this perspective, the role of DCs is related to tolerance rather than immunity. Immunologists refer to these special DCs as tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). However, the definition of tolDCs is controversial, and there is limited information on their development and characteristics. In this review, we discuss the current concept of tolDCs, cutting-edge methods for generating tolDCs in vitro, and future applications of tolDCs, including clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbo Yoo
- System Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- System Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Ten Brinke A, Hilkens CM, Cools N, Geissler EK, Hutchinson JA, Lombardi G, Lord P, Sawitzki B, Trzonkowski P, Van Ham SM, Martinez-Caceres EM. Clinical Use of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells-Harmonization Approach in European Collaborative Effort. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:471719. [PMID: 26819498 DOI: 10.1155/2015/471719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with autoimmune diseases and severe allergies and recipients of transplants increases worldwide. Currently, these patients require lifelong administration of immunomodulatory drugs. Often, these drugs are expensive and show immediate or late-occurring severe side effects. Treatment would be greatly improved by targeting the cause of autoimmunity, that is, loss of tolerance to self-antigens. Accumulating knowledge on immune mechanisms has led to the development of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC), with the specific objective to restrain unwanted immune reactions in the long term. The first clinical trials with tolDC have recently been conducted and more tolDC trials are underway. Although the safety trials have been encouraging, many questions relating to tolDC, for example, cell-manufacturing protocols, administration route, amount and frequency, or mechanism of action, remain to be answered. Aiming to join efforts in translating tolDC and other tolerogenic cellular products (e.g., Tregs and macrophages) to the clinic, a European COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) network has been initiated-A FACTT (action to focus and accelerate cell-based tolerance-inducing therapies). A FACTT aims to minimize overlap and maximize comparison of tolDC approaches through establishment of minimum information models and consensus monitoring parameters, ensuring that progress will be in an efficient, safe, and cost-effective way.
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Roehrich ME, Wyss JC, Kumar R, Pascual M, Golshayan D, Vassalli G. Additive effects of rapamycin and aspirin on dendritic cell allostimulatory capacity. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:434-41. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1081606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mondanelli G, Volpi C, Bianchi R, Allegrucci M, Talesa VN, Grohmann U, Belladonna ML. Islet antigen-pulsed dendritic cells expressing ectopic IL-35Ig protect nonobese diabetic mice from autoimmune diabetes. Cytokine 2015; 75:380-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Fryer M, Grahammer J, Khalifian S, Furtmüller GJ, Lee WPA, Raimondi G, Brandacher G. Exploring cell-based tolerance strategies for hand and face transplantation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:1189-204. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1078729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Podestà MA, Cucchiari D, Ponticelli C. The diverging roles of dendritic cells in kidney allotransplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2015; 29:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kleist C, Sandra-Petrescu F, Jiga L, Dittmar L, Mohr E, Greil J, Mier W, Becker LE, Lang P, Opelz G, Terness P. Generation of suppressive blood cells for control of allograft rejection. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:593-607. [PMID: 25495457 DOI: 10.1042/CS20140258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies in rats showed that incubation of monocytic dendritic cells (DCs) with the chemotherapeutic drug mitomycin C (MMC) renders the cells immunosuppressive. Donor-derived MMC-DCs injected into the recipient prior to transplantation prolonged heart allograft survival. Although the generation of DCs is labour-intensive and time-consuming, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be easily harvested. In the present study, we analyse under which conditions DCs can be replaced by PBMCs and examine their mode of action. When injected into rats, MMC-incubated donor PBMCs (MICs) strongly prolonged heart allograft survival. Removal of monocytes from PBMCs completely abrogated their suppressive effect, indicating that monocytes are the active cell population. Suppression of rejection was donor-specific. The injected MICs migrated into peripheral lymphoid organs and led to an increased number of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) expressing cluster of differentiation (CD) markers CD4 and CD25 and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3). Tolerance could be transferred to syngeneic recipients with blood or spleen cells. Depletion of Tregs from tolerogenic cells abrogated their suppressive effect, arguing for mediation of immunosuppression by CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Tregs. Donor-derived MICs also prolonged kidney allograft survival in pigs. MICs generated from donor monocytes were applied for the first time in humans in a patient suffering from therapy-resistant rejection of a haploidentical stem cell transplant. We describe, in the present paper, a simple method for in vitro generation of suppressor blood cells for potential use in clinical organ transplantation. Although the case report does not allow us to draw any conclusion about their therapeutic effectiveness, it shows that MICs can be easily generated and applied in humans.
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Morelli AE, Thomson AW. Orchestration of transplantation tolerance by regulatory dendritic cell therapy or in-situ targeting of dendritic cells. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2014; 19:348-56. [PMID: 24926700 DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extensive research in murine transplant models over the past two decades has convincingly demonstrated the ability of regulatory dendritic cells (DCregs) to promote long-term allograft survival. We review important considerations regarding the source of therapeutic DCregs (donor or recipient) and their mode of action, in-situ targeting of DCregs, and optimal therapeutic regimens to promote DCreg function. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have defined protocols and mechanisms whereby ex-vivo-generated DCregs of donor or recipient origin subvert allogeneic T-cell responses and promote long-term organ transplant survival. Particular interest has focused on how donor antigen is acquired, processed and presented by autologous dendritic cells, on the stability of DCregs, and on in-situ targeting of dendritic cells to promote their tolerogenic function. New evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of DCregs in a clinically relevant nonhuman primate organ transplant model and production of clinical grade DCregs support early evaluation of DCreg therapy in human graft recipients. SUMMARY We discuss strategies currently used to promote dendritic cell tolerogenicity, including DCreg therapy and in-situ targeting of dendritic cells, with a view to improved understanding of underlying mechanisms and identification of the most promising strategies for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yin Mok
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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Roedder S, Li L, Alonso MN, Hsieh SC, Vu MT, Dai H, Sigdel TK, Bostock I, Macedo C, Metes D, Zeevi A, Shapiro R, Salvatierra O, Scandling J, Alberu J, Engleman E, Sarwal MM. A Three-Gene Assay for Monitoring Immune Quiescence in Kidney Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:2042-53. [PMID: 25429124 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplant recipients face life-long immunosuppression and consequently are at high risk of comorbidities. Occasionally, kidney transplant recipients develop a state of targeted immune quiescence (operational tolerance) against an HLA-mismatched graft, allowing them to withdraw all immunosuppression and retain stable graft function while resuming immune responses to third-party antigens. Methods to better understand and monitor this state of alloimmune quiescence by transcriptional profiling may reveal a gene signature that identifies patients for whom immunosuppression could be titrated to reduce patient and graft morbidities. Therefore, we investigated 571 unique peripheral blood samples from 348 HLA-mismatched renal transplant recipients and 101 nontransplant controls in a four-stage study including microarray, quantitative PCR, and flow cytometry analyses. We report a refined and highly validated (area under the curve, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.97) peripheral blood three-gene assay (KLF6, BNC2, CYP1B1) to detect the state of operational tolerance by quantitative PCR. The frequency of predicted alloimmune quiescence in stable renal transplant patients receiving long-term immunosuppression (n=150) was 7.3% by the three-gene assay. Targeted cell sorting of peripheral blood from operationally tolerant patients showed a significant shift in the ratio of circulating monocyte-derived dendritic cells with significantly different expression of the genes constituting the three-gene assay. Our results suggest that incorporation of patient screening by specific cellular and gene expression assays may support the safety of drug minimization trials and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Roedder
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael N Alonso
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Szu-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Minh Thien Vu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hong Dai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tara K Sigdel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ian Bostock
- Department of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Camila Macedo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana Metes
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrianna Zeevi
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ron Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - John Scandling
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Josefina Alberu
- Department of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Edgar Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Minnie M Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;
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Monguió-Tortajada M, Lauzurica-Valdemoros R, Borràs FE. Tolerance in organ transplantation: from conventional immunosuppression to extracellular vesicles. Front Immunol 2014; 5:416. [PMID: 25278936 PMCID: PMC4166341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is often the unique solution for organ failure. However, rejection is still an unsolved problem. Although acute rejection is well controlled, the chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs for allograft acceptance causes numerous side effects in the recipient and do not prevent chronic allograft dysfunction. Different alternative therapies have been proposed to replace the classical treatment for allograft rejection. The alternative therapies are mainly based in pre-infusions of different types of regulatory cells, including DCs, MSCs, and Tregs. Nevertheless, these approaches lack full efficiency and have many problems related to availability and applicability. In this context, the use of extracellular vesicles, and in particular exosomes, may represent a cell-free alternative approach in inducing transplant tolerance and survival. Preliminary approaches in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated the efficient alloantigen presentation and immunomodulation abilities of exosomes, leading to alloantigen-specific tolerance and allograft acceptance in rodent models. Donor exosomes have been used alone, processed by recipient antigen-presenting cells, or administered together with suboptimal doses of immunosuppressive drugs, achieving specific allograft tolerance and infinite transplant survival. In this review, we gathered the latest exosome-based strategies for graft acceptance and discuss the tolerance mechanisms involved in organ tolerance mediated by the administration of exosomes. We will also deal with the feasibility and difficulties that arise from the application of this strategy into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- Innovation in Vesicles and Cells for Application Therapy Group (IVECAT), Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Francesc E. Borràs
- Innovation in Vesicles and Cells for Application Therapy Group (IVECAT), Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Ten Brinke A, Joosten I, van Ham SM, van Kooten C, Prakken BJ. Redefining Strategies to Introduce Tolerance-Inducing Cellular Therapy in Human beings to Combat Autoimmunity and Transplantation Reactions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:392. [PMID: 25177323 PMCID: PMC4133652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical translation of tolerance-inducing cell therapies requires a novel approach focused on innovative networks, patient involvement, and, foremost, a fundamental paradigm shift in thinking from both Academia, and Industry and Regulatory Agencies. Tolerance-inducing cell products differ essentially from conventional drugs. They are personalized and target interactive immunological networks to shift the balance toward tolerance. The human cell products are often absent or fundamentally different in animals. This creates important limitations of pre-clinical animal testing for safety and efficacy of these products and calls for novel translational approaches, which require the combined efforts of the different parties involved. Dedicated international and multidisciplinary consortia that focus on clinical translation are of utmost importance. They can help in informing and educating regulatory policy makers on the unique requirements for these cell products, ranging from pre-clinical studies in animals to in vitro human studies. In addition, they can promote reliable immunomonitoring tools. The development of tolerance-inducing cell products requires not only bench-to-bedside but also reverse translation, from bedside back to the bench.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Division Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Division Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Berent Jan Prakken
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
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Moreau A, Vandamme C, Segovia M, Devaux M, Guilbaud M, Tilly G, Jaulin N, Le Duff J, Cherel Y, Deschamps JY, Anegon I, Moullier P, Cuturi MC, Adjali O. Generation and in vivo evaluation of IL10-treated dendritic cells in a nonhuman primate model of AAV-based gene transfer. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2014; 1:14028. [PMID: 26015970 PMCID: PMC4420248 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Preventing untoward immune responses against a specific antigen is a major challenge in different clinical settings such as gene therapy, transplantation, or autoimmunity. Following intramuscular delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-derived vectors, transgene rejection can be a roadblock to successful clinical translation. Specific immunomodulation strategies potentially leading to sustained transgene expression while minimizing pharmacological immunosuppression are desirable. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDC) are potential candidates but have not yet been evaluated in the context of gene therapy, to our knowledge. Following intramuscular delivery of rAAV-derived vectors expressing an immunogenic protein in the nonhuman primate model, we assessed the immunomodulating potential of autologous bone marrow-derived TolDC generated in the presence of IL10 and pulsed with the transgene product. TolDC administered either intradermally or intravenously were safe and well tolerated. While the intravenous route showed a modest ability to modulate host immunity against the transgene product, intradermally delivery resulted in a robust vaccination of the macaques when associated to intramuscular rAAV-derived vectors-based gene transfer. These findings demonstrate the critical role of TolDC mode of injection in modulating host immunity. This study also provides the first evidence of the potential of TolDC-based immunomodulation in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moreau
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN - Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, CHU de Nantes, Center of Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Vandamme
- INSERM UMR 1089/Atlantic Gene Therapies, CHU de Nantes/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mercedes Segovia
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN - Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, CHU de Nantes, Center of Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Devaux
- INSERM UMR 1089/Atlantic Gene Therapies, CHU de Nantes/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mickaël Guilbaud
- INSERM UMR 1089/Atlantic Gene Therapies, CHU de Nantes/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle Tilly
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN - Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, CHU de Nantes, Center of Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jaulin
- INSERM UMR 1089/Atlantic Gene Therapies, CHU de Nantes/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Johanne Le Duff
- INSERM UMR 1089/Atlantic Gene Therapies, CHU de Nantes/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yan Cherel
- ONIRIS, INRA UMR 703/Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN - Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, CHU de Nantes, Center of Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moullier
- INSERM UMR 1089/Atlantic Gene Therapies, CHU de Nantes/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Cuturi
- INSERM UMR 1064, ITUN - Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, CHU de Nantes, Center of Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM UMR 1089/Atlantic Gene Therapies, CHU de Nantes/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Segovia M, Louvet C, Charnet P, Savina A, Tilly G, Gautreau L, Carretero-Iglesia L, Beriou G, Cebrian I, Cens T, Hepburn L, Chiffoleau E, Floto RA, Anegon I, Amigorena S, Hill M, Cuturi MC. Autologous dendritic cells prolong allograft survival through Tmem176b-dependent antigen cross-presentation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1021-1031. [PMID: 24731243 PMCID: PMC4629416 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The administration of autologous (recipient-derived) tolerogenic dendritic cells (ATDCs) is under clinical evaluation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these cells prolong graft survival in a donor-specific manner is unknown. Here, we tested mouse ATDCs for their therapeutic potential in a skin transplantation model. ATDC injection in combination with anti-CD3 treatment induced the accumulation of CD8(+) CD11c(+) T cells and significantly prolonged allograft survival. TMEM176B is an intracellular protein expressed in ATDCs and initially identified in allograft tolerance. We show that Tmem176b(-/-) ATDCs completely failed to trigger both phenomena but recovered their effect when loaded with donor peptides before injection. These results strongly suggested that ATDCs require TMEM176B to cross-present antigens in a tolerogenic fashion. In agreement with this, Tmem176b(-/-) ATDCs specifically failed to cross-present male antigens or ovalbumin to CD8(+) T cells. Finally, we observed that a Tmem176b-dependent cation current controls phagosomal pH, a critical parameter in cross-presentation. Thus, ATDCs require TMEM176B to cross-present donor antigens to induce donor-specific CD8(+) CD11c(+) T cells with regulatory properties and prolong graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Segovia
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - C. Louvet
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - P. Charnet
- CRBM, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - A. Savina
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
,INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - G. Tilly
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - L. Gautreau
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - L. Carretero-Iglesia
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - G. Beriou
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - I. Cebrian
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
,INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - T. Cens
- CRBM, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - L. Hepburn
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E. Chiffoleau
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - R. A. Floto
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - I. Anegon
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
| | - S. Amigorena
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
,INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - M. Hill
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
,Corresponding authors: Marcelo Hill, , and Maria Cristina Cuturi,
| | - M. C. Cuturi
- ITUN, INSERM UMR_S 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
,Corresponding authors: Marcelo Hill, , and Maria Cristina Cuturi,
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41
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Raïch-Regué D, Glancy M, Thomson AW. Regulatory dendritic cell therapy: from rodents to clinical application. Immunol Lett. 2014;161:216-221. [PMID: 24316407 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are highly-specialized, bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells that induce or regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Regulatory or "tolerogenic" DC play a crucial role in maintaining self tolerance in the healthy steady-state. These regulatory innate immune cells subvert naïve or memory T cell responses by various mechanisms. Regulatory DC (DCreg) also exhibit the ability to induce or restore T cell tolerance in many animal models of autoimmune disease or transplant rejection. There is also evidence that adoptive transfer of DCreg can regulate T cell responses in non-human primates and humans. Important insights gained from in vitro studies and animal models have led recently to the development of clinical grade human DCreg, with potential to treat autoimmune disease or enhance transplant survival while reducing patient dependency on immunosuppressive drugs. Phase I trials have been conducted in type-1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, with results that emphasize the feasibility and safety of DCreg therapy. This mini-review will outline how observations made using animal models have been translated into human use, and discuss the challenges faced in further developing this form of regulatory immune cell therapy in the fields of autoimmunity and transplantation.
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Streitz M, Miloud T, Kapinsky M, Reed MR, Magari R, Geissler EK, Hutchinson JA, Vogt K, Schlickeiser S, Kverneland AH, Meisel C, Volk HD, Sawitzki B. Standardization of whole blood immune phenotype monitoring for clinical trials: panels and methods from the ONE study. Transplant Res 2013; 2:17. [PMID: 24160259 PMCID: PMC3827923 DOI: 10.1186/2047-1440-2-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune monitoring by flow cytometry is a fast and highly informative way of studying the effects of novel therapeutics aimed at reducing transplant rejection or treating autoimmune diseases. The ONE Study consortium has recently initiated a series of clinical trials aimed at using different cell therapies to promote tolerance to renal allografts. To compare the effectiveness of different cell therapies, the consortium developed a robust immune monitoring strategy, including procedures for whole blood (WB) leukocyte subset profiling by flow cytometry. Methods Six leukocyte profiling panels computing 7- to 9-surface marker antigens for monitoring the major leukocyte subsets as well as characteristics of T cell, B cell, and dendritic cell (DC) subsets were designed. The precision and variability of these panels were estimated. The assay was standardized within eight international laboratories using Flow-Set Pro beads for mean fluorescence intensity target definition and the flow cytometer setup procedure. Standardization was demonstrated by performing inter-site comparisons. Results Optimized methods for sample collection, storage, preparation, and analysis were established, including protocols for gating target subsets. WB specimen age testing demonstrated that staining must be performed within 4 hours of sample collection to keep variability low, meaning less than or equal to 10% for the majority of defined leukocyte subsets. Inter-site comparisons between all participating centers testing shipped normal WB revealed good precision, with a variability of 0.05% to 30% between sites. Intra-assay analyses revealed a variability of 0.05% to 20% for the majority of subpopulations. This was dependent on the frequency of the particular subset, with smaller subsets showing higher variability. The intra-assay variability performance defined limits of quantitation (LoQ) for subsets, which will be the basis for assessing statistically significant differences achieved by the different cell therapies. Conclusions Local performance and central analysis of the ONE Study flow cytometry panel yields acceptable variability in a standardized assay at multiple international sites. These panels and procedures with WB allow unmanipulated analysis of changes in absolute cell numbers of leukocyte subsets in single- or multicenter clinical trials. Accordingly, we propose the ONE Study panel may be adopted as a standardized method for monitoring patients in clinical trials enrolling transplant patients, particularly trials of novel tolerance promoting therapies, to facilitate fair and meaningful comparisons between trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
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Vassalli G. Dendritic cell-based approaches for therapeutic immune regulation in solid-organ transplantation. J Transplant 2013; 2013:761429. [PMID: 24307940 DOI: 10.1155/2013/761429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid immune rejection, allograft recipients require drug-based immunosuppression, which has significant toxicity. An emerging approach is adoptive transfer of immunoregulatory cells. While mature dendritic cells (DCs) present donor antigen to the immune system, triggering rejection, regulatory DCs interact with regulatory T cells to promote immune tolerance. Intravenous injection of immature DCs of either donor or host origin at the time of transplantation have prolonged allograft survival in solid-organ transplant models. DCs can be treated with pharmacological agents before injection, which may attenuate their maturation in vivo. Recent data suggest that injected immunosuppressive DCs may inhibit allograft rejection, not by themselves, but through conventional DCs of the host. Genetically engineered DCs have also been tested. Two clinical trials in type-1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis have been carried out, and other trials, including one trial in kidney transplantation, are in progress or are imminent.
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O'Flynn L, Treacy O, Ryan AE, Morcos M, Cregg M, Gerlach J, Joshi L, Nosov M, Ritter T. Donor bone marrow-derived dendritic cells prolong corneal allograft survival and promote an intragraft immunoregulatory milieu. Mol Ther 2013; 21:2102-12. [PMID: 23863882 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into cell therapies for application in organ transplantation have grown. Here, we describe the ex vivo generation of donor bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and glucocorticoid-treated BMDCs with potent immunomodulatory properties for application in allogeneic transplantation. BMDCs were treated with dexamethasone (Dexa) to induce an immature, maturation-resistant phenotype. BMDC and Dexa BMDC phenotype, antigen presenting cell function, and immunomodulatory properties were fully characterized. Both populations display significant immunomodulatory properties, including, but not limited to, a significant increase in mRNA expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. BMDCs and Dexa BMDCs display a profound impaired capacity to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes. Moreover, in a fully MHC I/II mismatched rat corneal transplantation model, injection of donor-derived, untreated BMDC or Dexa BMDCs (1 × 10(6) cells, day -7) significantly prolonged corneal allograft survival without the need for additional immunosuppression. Although neovascularization was not reduced and evidence of donor-specific alloantibody response was detected, a significant reduction in allograft cellular infiltration combined with a significant increase in the ratio of intragraft FoxP3-expressing regulatory cells was observed. Our comprehensive analysis demonstrates the novel cellular therapeutic approach and significant effect of donor-derived, untreated BMDCs and Dexa BMDCs in preventing corneal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa O'Flynn
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Zhang M, Zhang S, Wu J, Sun Y, Li L, Du W, Liu J, Hou J, Yu B. The Immunosuppressant Protosappanin A Promotes Dendritic Cell-Mediated Expansion of Alloantigen-Specific Tregs and Prolongs Allograft Survival in Rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66336. [PMID: 23840445 PMCID: PMC3694094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protosappanin A (PrA), an immunosuppressive ingredient of the medicinal herb Caesalpinia sappan L, prolongs heart allograft survival in rats, possibly by impairing the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We examined the effects of PrA on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs), a potent class of APCs, and the downstream cell–cell and intracellular signaling pathways mediating the immunosuppressive activity of PrA. PrA inhibited LPS-stimulated maturation of Wistar rat DCs in vitro as reflected by reduced expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) and reduced expression of TLR4 and NF-κB, two critical signaling components for antigen recognition. PrA also enhanced the release of IL-10 and decreased the release of IL-12 from DCs, but had no effect on the production of TGF-ß. In mixed cultures, Wistar DCs pretreated with PrA impaired the proliferation of Sprague Dawley (SD) rat T cells while promoting the expansion of SD rat CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Both oral PrA treatment and infusion of PrA-pretreated Wistar DCs prolonged cardiac allograft survival (Wistar donor, SD recipient) and expanded recipient CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs. Donor spleen cells, but not spleen cells from a third rat strain (DA), supported the expansion of recipient CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and suppressed recipient T cell proliferation. We conclude that PrA triggers a tolerogenic state in DCs that allows for the induction of alloantigen-specific Tregs and the suppression of allograft rejection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lili Li
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingjin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingbo Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Cabezón R, Ricart E, España C, Panés J, Benitez-Ribas D. Gram-negative enterobacteria induce tolerogenic maturation in dexamethasone conditioned dendritic cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52456. [PMID: 23300676 PMCID: PMC3531463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells have been investigated in clinical trials, predominantly with the aim of stimulating immune responses against tumours or infectious diseases. Thus far, however, no clinical studies have taken advantage of their specific immunosuppressive potential. Tolerogenic DCs may represent a new therapeutic strategy for human immune-based diseases, such as Crohn's disease, where the perturbations of the finely tuned balance between the immune system and the microflora result in disease. In the present report, we describe the generation of tolerogenic DCs from healthy donors and Crohn's disease patients using clinical-grade reagents in combination with dexamethasone as immunosuppressive agent and characterize their response to maturation stimuli. Interestingly, we found out that dexamethasone-conditioned DCs keep their tolerogenic properties to Gram-negative bacteria. Other findings included in this study demonstrate that the combination of dexamethasone with a specific cytokine cocktail yielded clinical-grade DCs with the following characteristics: a semi-mature phenotype, a pronounced shift towards anti-inflammatory versus inflammatory cytokine production and low T-cell stimulatory properties. Importantly, in regard to their clinical application, the tolerogenic phenotype of DCs remained stable after the elimination of dexamethasone and after a second stimulation with LPS or bacteria. All these properties make this cell product suitable to be tested in clinical trials of inflammatory conditions including Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cabezón
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Centre Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina España
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Centre Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Benitez-Ribas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Centre Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Mohammad MG, Hassanpour M, Tsai VW, Li H, Ruitenberg MJ, Booth DW, Serrats J, Hart PH, Symonds GP, Sawchenko PE, Breit SN, Brown DA. Dendritic cells and multiple sclerosis: disease, tolerance and therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:547-62. [PMID: 23271370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating neurological disease that predominantly affects young adults resulting in severe personal and economic impact. The majority of therapies for this disease were developed in, or are beneficial in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. While known to target adaptive anti-CNS immune responses, they also target, the innate immune arm. This mini-review focuses on the role of dendritic cells (DCs), the professional antigen presenting cells of the innate immune system. The evidence for a role for DCs in the appropriate regulation of anti-CNS autoimmune responses and their role in MS disease susceptibility and possible therapeutic utility are discussed. Additionally, the current controversy regarding the evidence for the presence of functional DCs in the normal CNS is reviewed. Furthermore, the role of CNS DCs and potential routes of their intercourse between the CNS and cervical lymph nodes are considered. Finally, the future role that this nexus between the CNS and the cervical lymph nodes might play in site directed molecular and cellular therapy for MS is outlined.
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Cobbold SP, Li XC. Translating Tolerogenic Therapies to the Clinic - Where Do We Stand and What are the Barriers? Front Immunol 2012; 3:317. [PMID: 23091475 PMCID: PMC3469784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Cobbold
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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