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Schempp R, Eilts J, Schöl M, Grijalva Yépez MF, Fekete A, Wigger D, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, van Ham M, Jänsch L, Sauer M, Avota E. The Role of Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) in the Control of Neutral Lipid Storage in T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3247. [PMID: 38542220 PMCID: PMC10970209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and ceramides (Cer) is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), regularly co-existing with type 2 diabetes and decreased immune function. Chronic inflammation and increased disease severity in viral infections are the hallmarks of the obesity-related immunopathology. The upregulation of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) has shown to be associated with the pathology of obesity in tissues. Nevertheless, the role of sphingolipids and specifically of NSM2 in the regulation of immune cell response to a fatty acid (FA) rich environment is poorly studied. Here, we identified the presence of the LD marker protein perilipin 3 (PLIN3) in the intracellular nano-environment of NSM2 using the ascorbate peroxidase APEX2-catalyzed proximity-dependent biotin labeling method. In line with this, super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) shows NSM2 and PLIN3 co-localization in LD organelles in the presence of increased extracellular concentrations of oleic acid (OA). Furthermore, the association of enzymatically active NSM2 with isolated LDs correlates with increased Cer levels in these lipid storage organelles. NSM2 enzymatic activity is not required for NSM2 association with LDs, but negatively affects the LD numbers and cellular accumulation of long-chain unsaturated triacylglycerol (TAG) species. Concurrently, NSM2 expression promotes mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in response to increased OA levels, thereby shifting cells to a high energetic state. Importantly, endogenous NSM2 activity is crucial for primary human CD4+ T cell survival and proliferation in a FA rich environment. To conclude, our study shows a novel NSM2 intracellular localization to LDs and the role of enzymatically active NSM2 in metabolic response to enhanced FA concentrations in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schempp
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany; (R.S.); (M.S.); (M.F.G.Y.)
| | - Janna Eilts
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Marie Schöl
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany; (R.S.); (M.S.); (M.F.G.Y.)
| | - Maria Fernanda Grijalva Yépez
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany; (R.S.); (M.S.); (M.F.G.Y.)
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Dominik Wigger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Marco van Ham
- Cellular Proteome Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.v.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteome Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.v.H.); (L.J.)
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; (J.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany; (R.S.); (M.S.); (M.F.G.Y.)
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Mehmood S, Ou W, Ahmed W, Bundschuh J, Rizwan M, Mahmood M, Sultan H, Alatalo JM, Elnahal ASM, Liu W, Li W. ZnO nanoparticles mediated by Azadirachta indica as nano fertilizer: Improvement in physiological and biochemical indices of Zea mays grown in Cr-contaminated soil. Environ Pollut 2023; 339:122755. [PMID: 37852317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation aimed at evaluating the impact of Azadirachta indica-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ai-ZnONPs) on the growth and biochemical characteristics of maize (sweet glutinous 3000) under exposure to 50 mg kg-1Ai-ZnONPs with Cr (VI) concentrations of 50 and 100 mg kg-1. The results indicate that plants exposed to Cr (VI) only experienced a decline in growth parameters. Conversely, the inclusion of Ai-ZnONPs caused a noteworthy increase in physiological traits. Specifically, shoot and root fresh weight increased by 28.02% and 16.51%, and 63.11% and 97.91%, respectively, when compared to Cr-50 and 100 treatments. Additionally, the SPAD chlorophyll of the shoot increased by 91.08% and 15.38% compared to Cr-50 and 100 treatments, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme traits of plant shoot and root, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD 7.44% and 2.70%, and 4.45% and 3.53%), catalase (CAT 1.18% and 3.20%, and 5.03% and 5.78%), and peroxidase (POD 0.31% and 5.55%, and 4.72% and 3.61%), exhibited significant increases in Cr 50 and 100 treatments, respectively. The addition of Ai-ZnONPs to the soil also enhanced soil nutrient status and reduced Cr (VI) concentrations by 40.69% and 19.82% compared to Cr-50 and 100 treated soils. These findings suggest that Ai-ZnONPs can trigger the activation of biochemical pathways that enable biomass accumulation in meristematic cells. Further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Mohsin Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Haider Sultan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed S M Elnahal
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Vanderroost J, Avalosse N, Mohammed D, Hoffmann D, Henriet P, Pierreux CE, Alsteens D, Tyteca D. Cholesterol and Sphingomyelin Polarize at the Leading Edge of Migrating Myoblasts and Involve Their Clustering in Submicrometric Domains. Biomolecules 2023; 13. [PMID: 36830688 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoblast migration is crucial for myogenesis and muscular tissue homeostasis. However, its spatiotemporal control remains elusive. Here, we explored the involvement of plasma membrane cholesterol and sphingolipids in this process. In resting C2C12 mouse myoblasts, those lipids clustered in sphingomyelin/cholesterol/GM1 ganglioside (SM/chol/GM1)- and cholesterol (chol)-enriched domains, which presented a lower stiffness than the bulk membrane. Upon migration, cholesterol and sphingomyelin polarized at the front, forming cholesterol (chol)- and sphingomyelin/cholesterol (SM/chol)-enriched domains, while GM1-enriched domains polarized at the rear. A comparison of domain proportion suggested that SM/chol- and GM1-enriched domains originated from the SM/chol/GM1-coenriched domains found at resting state. Modulation of domain proportion (through cholesterol depletion, combined or not with actin polymerization inhibition, or sphingolipid synthesis inhibition) revealed that the higher the chol- and SM/chol-enriched domains, the higher the myoblast migration. At the front, chol- and SM/chol-enriched domains were found in proximity with F-actin fibers and the lateral mobility of sphingomyelin in domains was specifically restricted in a cholesterol- and cytoskeleton-dependent manner while domain abrogation impaired F-actin and focal adhesion polarization. Altogether, we showed the polarization of cholesterol and sphingomyelin and their clustering in chol- and SM/chol-enriched domains with differential properties and roles, providing a mechanism for the spatial and functional control of myoblast migration.
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Gulbins A, Görtz GE, Gulbins E, Eckstein A. Sphingolipids in thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170884. [PMID: 37082124 PMCID: PMC10112667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is caused by an autoimmune formation of autoantibodies and autoreactive T-cells against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). The autoimmune reaction does not only lead to overstimulation of the thyroid gland, but very often also to an immune reaction against antigens within the orbital tissue leading to thyroid eye disease, which is characterized by activation of orbital fibroblasts, orbital generation of adipocytes and myofibroblasts and increased hyaluronan production in the orbit. Thyroid eye disease is the most common extra-thyroidal manifestation of the autoimmune Graves' disease. Several studies indicate an important role of sphingolipids, in particular the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system and sphingosine 1-phosphate in thyroid eye disease. Here, we discuss how the biophysical properties of sphingolipids contribute to cell signaling, in particular in the context of thyroid eye disease. We further review the role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in autoimmune diseases and its function in T lymphocytes to provide some novel hypotheses for the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease and potentially allowing the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gulbins
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gina-Eva Görtz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
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Álvarez-Fernández H, Mingo-Casas P, Blázquez AB, Caridi F, Saiz JC, Pérez-Pérez MJ, Martín-Acebes MA, Priego EM. Allosteric Inhibition of Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) by DPTIP: From Antiflaviviral Activity to Deciphering Its Binding Site through In Silico Studies and Experimental Validation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavivirus comprises globally emerging and re-emerging pathogens such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV), among others. Although some vaccines are available, there is an unmet medical need as no effective antiviral treatment has been approved for flaviviral infections. The development of host-directed antivirals (HDAs) targeting host factors that are essential for viral replication cycle offers the opportunity for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. In the case of flaviviruses, recent studies have revealed that neutral sphingomyelinase 2, (nSMase2), involved in lipid metabolism, plays a key role in WNV and ZIKV infection. As a proof of concept, we have determined the antiviral activity of the non-competitive nSMase2 inhibitor DPTIP against WNV and ZIKV virus. DPTIP showed potent antiviral activity with EC50 values of 0.26 µM and 1.56 µM for WNV and ZIKV, respectively. In order to unravel the allosteric binding site of DPTIP in nSMase2 and the details of the interaction, computational studies have been carried out. These studies have revealed that DPTIP could block the DK switch in nSMase2. Moreover, the analysis of the residues contributing to the binding identified His463 as a crucial residue. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity of DPTIP on the H463A mutant protein supported our hypothesis. Thus, an allosteric cavity in nSMase2 has been identified that can be exploited for the development of new inhibitors with anti-flaviviral activity.
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Gardeta SR, García-Cuesta EM, D’Agostino G, Soler Palacios B, Quijada-Freire A, Lucas P, Bernardino de la Serna J, Gonzalez-Riano C, Barbas C, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Mellado M. Sphingomyelin Depletion Inhibits CXCR4 Dynamics and CXCL12-Mediated Directed Cell Migration in Human T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925559. [PMID: 35903108 PMCID: PMC9315926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, ceramides and cholesterol are integral components of cellular membranes, and they also play important roles in signal transduction by regulating the dynamics of membrane receptors through their effects on membrane fluidity. Here, we combined biochemical and functional assays with single-particle tracking analysis of diffusion in the plasma membrane to demonstrate that the local lipid environment regulates CXCR4 organization and function and modulates chemokine-triggered directed cell migration. Prolonged treatment of T cells with bacterial sphingomyelinase promoted the complete and sustained breakdown of sphingomyelins and the accumulation of the corresponding ceramides, which altered both membrane fluidity and CXCR4 nanoclustering and dynamics. Under these conditions CXCR4 retained some CXCL12-mediated signaling activity but failed to promote efficient directed cell migration. Our data underscore a critical role for the local lipid composition at the cell membrane in regulating the lateral mobility of chemokine receptors, and their ability to dynamically increase receptor density at the leading edge to promote efficient cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía R. Gardeta
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M. García-Cuesta
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianluca D’Agostino
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Soler Palacios
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Quijada-Freire
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Lucas
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Medical Research Council-Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Imperial Biomedical Research Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Metabolomic and Bioanalysis Center (CEMBIO), Pharmacy Faculty, Centro de Estudios Universitarios Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Metabolomic and Bioanalysis Center (CEMBIO), Pharmacy Faculty, Centro de Estudios Universitarios Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mario Mellado,
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Al-Abkal F, Abdel-Wahab BA, El-Kareem HFA, Moustafa YM, Khodeer DM. Protective Effect of Pycnogenol against Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic, Renal, and Cardiac Toxicity: An In Vivo Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060674. [PMID: 35745592 PMCID: PMC9229807 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapies for various types of cancer, including leukemia, breast cancer, hepatocarcinoma, and gastric cancers. However, the efficacy of MTX is frequently limited by serious side effects. Several studies have reported that the cytotoxic effect of MTX is not limited to cancer cells but can also affect normal tissues, leading to prospective damage to many organs. In the present study, we extensively investigated the molecular and microscopic basis of MTX-induced toxicity in different organs (liver, kidney, and heart) and explored the possible protective effect of pycnogenol, a polyphenolic component extracted from the bark of P. pinaster, to attenuate these effects. Biochemical analysis revealed that administration of MTX significantly reduced the function of the liver, kidney, and heart. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that MTX treatment caused damage to tissues of different organs. Interestingly, administration of pycnogenol (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the deterioration effects of MTX on different organs in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by biochemical and histological analysis. Our results reveal that pycnogenol successfully ameliorated oxidative damage and reduced toxicity, inflammatory response, and histological markers induced by methotrexate treatment. Taken together, this study provides solid evidence for the pharmacological application of pycnogenol to attenuate damage to different organs induced by MTX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Al-Abkal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (F.A.-A.); (Y.M.M.)
| | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 7111, Egypt;
| | - Hanaa F. Abd El-Kareem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Yasser M. Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (F.A.-A.); (Y.M.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Dina M. Khodeer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (F.A.-A.); (Y.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-100-93345855
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El Sherif DF, Soliman NH, Alshallash KS, Ahmed N, Ibrahim MAR, A. Al-Shammery K, Al-Khalaf AA. The Binary Mixtures of Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Chlorfenapyr, and Abamectin, against the House Fly Larvae, Musca domestica L. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103084. [PMID: 35630573 PMCID: PMC9146536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The house fly Musca domestica L. is one of the medical and veterinary pests that can develop resistance to different insecticides. Mixing insecticides is a new strategy for accelerating pest control; furthermore, it can overcome insect resistance to insecticides. This study aims to evaluate three insecticides, chlorfenapyr, abamectin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, individually and their binary mixtures against 2nd instar larvae of M. domestica laboratory strain. Chlorfenapyr exhibited the most toxic effect on larvae, followed by abamectin then the lambda-cyhalothrin. The half-lethal concentrations (LC50) values were 3.65, 30.6, and 94.89 ppm, respectively. These results revealed that the high potentiation effect was the mixture of abamectin/chlorfenapyr in all the mixing ratios. In contrast, the tested combination of lambda-cyhalothrin/abamectin showed an antagonism effect at all mixing ratios against house fly larvae. The total protein, esterases, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P-450 activity were also measured in the current investigation in the larvae treated with chlorfenapyr. Our results indicate that GST may play a role in detoxifying chlorfenapyr in M. domestica larvae. The highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase was achieved in treated larvae with chlorfenapyr, and an increase in cytochrome P-450 activity in the larvae was observed post-treatment with Abamectin/chlorfenapyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa F. El Sherif
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (D.F.E.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Nagat H. Soliman
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nevin Ahmed
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt;
| | - Mervat A. R. Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | | | - Areej A. Al-Khalaf
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (D.F.E.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
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Soltani L, Samereh S, Mohammadi T. Effects of Different Concentrations of Zinc‐Oxide Nanoparticles on the Quality of Ram Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa during Storage at 4 ºC. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:864-875. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources Razi University Kermanshah Iran
| | - Sarah Samereh
- Department of Animal Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources Razi University Kermanshah Iran
| | - Tayebeh Mohammadi
- Department of Basic and Pathobiological Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Razi University Kermanshah Iran
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Selim S, Almuhayawi MS, Alqhtani H, Al Jaouni SK, Saleh FM, Warrad M, Hagagy N. Anti-Salmonella and Antibiofilm Potency of Salvia officinalis L. Essential Oil against Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella enterica. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040489. [PMID: 35453243 PMCID: PMC9031110 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Raw milk is a significant vehicle for the transmission of different infections. In the present study, we focused on Salmonella enterica from raw milk and its resistance to various antibacterial drugs. Furthermore, we have investigated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of essential oil (EO) obtained from Salvia officinalis L. leaves that were collected from the Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia, against S. enterica. One-dozen strains of S. enterica were found in a batch of a hundred milk samples, and those S. enterica strains were shown to be resistant to several antibiotics, particularly the β-lactam group of antimicrobial drugs. Against multidrug-resistant S. enterica, the inhibitory zones for EO from S. officinalis leaves were found to be 21 mm in diameter. S. officinalis EO at 5% concentration showed a remarkable in vitro inhibitory activity toward the biofilm growth of different S. enterica isolates. Analysis of EO by GC–MS identified 21 distinct components, accounting for 89.94% of the total oil component. The most prominent compounds were 1,8-cineole (39.18%), β-caryophyllene (12.8%), and α--terpineol (10.3%). Taken together, our results unequivocally confirm that the S. officinalis EOs exert numerous bioactivities. Thus, the well-deserved attention on S. officinalis EO usage as a food preservative and adjunctive remedy for bacterial food-borne diseases is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Hussain Alqhtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fayez M. Saleh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona Warrad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al-Quriat 77454, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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11
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Abstract
Ceramides are a class of sphingolipid that is the backbone structure for all sphingolipids, such as glycosphingolipids and phosphosphingolipids. While being a minor constituent of cellular membranes, ceramides are the major lipid component (along with cholesterol, free fatty acid, and other minor components) of the intercellular spaces of stratum corneum that forms the epidermal permeability barrier. These stratum corneum ceramides consist of unique heterogenous molecular species that have only been identified in terrestrial mammals. Alterations of ceramide molecular profiles are characterized in skin diseases associated with compromised permeability barrier functions, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and xerosis. In addition, hereditary abnormalities of some ichthyoses are associated with an epidermal unique ceramide species, omega-O-acylceramide. Ceramides also serve as lipid modulators to regulate cellular functions, including cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis, and it has been demonstrated that changes in ceramide metabolism also cause certain diseases. In addition, ceramide metabolites, sphingoid bases, sphingoid base-1-phosphate and ceramide-1-phosphate are also lipid mediators that regulate cellular functions. In this review article, we describe diverse physiological and pathological roles of ceramides and their metabolites in epidermal permeability barrier function, epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and cutaneous diseases. Finally, we summarize the utilization of ceramides as therapy to treat cutaneous disease.
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El Azab IH, Saied EM, Osman AA, Mehana AE, Saad HA, Elkanzi NA. Novel N-bridged pyrazole-1-carbothioamides with potential antiproliferative activity: design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1743-66. [PMID: 34427113 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazole-substituted pyrazole is an important structural feature of many bioactive compounds, including antiviral, antitubercular, analgesic and anticancer agents. Herein we describe an efficient and facile approach for the synthesis of two series of 36 novel N-bridged pyrazole-1-phenylthiazoles. The antiproliferative activity of a set of representative compounds was evaluated in vitro against different human cancer cell lines. Among the identified compounds, compound 18 showed potent anticancer activity against the examined cancer cell lines. The in silico molecular docking study revealed that compound 18 possesses high binding affinity toward both SK1 and CDK2. Overall, these results indicate that compound 18 is a promising lead anticancer compound which may be exploited for development of antiproliferative drugs.
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13
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Ul Islam N, Khan E, Naveed Umar M, Shah A, Zahoor M, Ullah R, Bari A. Enhancing Dissolution Rate and Antibacterial Efficiency of Azithromycin through Drug-Drug Cocrystals with Paracetamol. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080939. [PMID: 34438989 PMCID: PMC8388915 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocrystallization is a promising approach to alter physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (hereafter abbreviated as APIs) bearing poor profile. Nowadays pharmaceutical industries are focused on preparing drug-drug cocrystals of APIs that are often prescribed in combination therapies by physicians. Physicians normally prescribe antibiotic with an analgesic/antipyretic drug to combat several ailments in a better and more efficient way. In this work, azithromycin (AZT) and paracetamol (PCM) cocrystals were prepared in 1:1 molar ratio using slow solvent evaporation method. The cocrystals were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Vibrational spectroscopy and DSC confirmed that both APIs interact physically and showed chemical compatibility, while PXRD pattern of the starting material and products revealed that cocrystal have in a unique crystalline phase. The degree of hydration was confirmed by TGA analysis and result indicates monohydrate cocrystal formation. The HPLC analysis confirmed equimolar ratio of AZT:PCM in the cocrystal. The in vitro dissolution rate, saturation solubility, and antimicrobial activity were evaluated for AZT dihydrate and the resulting cocrystals. The cocrystals exhibited better dissolution rate, solubility and enhanced biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan; (N.U.I.); (E.K.)
| | - Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan; (N.U.I.); (E.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Naveed Umar
- Jacobs University School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Attaullah Shah
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College (NILOP-C, PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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14
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Saied EM, Arenz C. Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Sphingoid Bases Utilized for Exploring the Secrets of Sphinx. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8171. [PMID: 34360937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous in eukaryotic plasma membranes and play major roles in human and animal physiology and disease. This class of lipids is usually defined as being derivatives of sphingosine, a long-chain 1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino alcohol. Various pathological conditions such as diabetes or neuropathy have been associated with changes in the sphingolipidome and an increased biosynthesis of structurally altered non-canonical sphingolipid derivatives. These unusual or non-canonical sphingolipids hold great promise as potential diagnostic markers. However, due to their low concentrations and the unavailability of suitable standards, the research to explore the secret of this class of 'Sphinx' lipids is ultimately hampered. Therefore, the development of efficient and facile syntheses of standard compounds is a key endeavor. Here, we present various chemical approaches for stereoselective synthesis and in-depth chemical characterization of a set of novel sphingoid bases which were recently utilized as valuable tools to explore the metabolism and biophysical properties of sphingolipids, but also to develop efficient analytical methods for their detection and quantification.
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15
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Abd El-Aziz NK, Ammar AM, El Damaty HM, Abd Elkader RA, Saad HA, El-Kazzaz W, Khalifa E. Environmental Streptococcus uberis Associated with Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows: Virulence Traits, Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance, and Epidemiological Typing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1849. [PMID: 34206268 PMCID: PMC8300258 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis remains a serious problem for dairy animals. The misappropriation of antimicrobial agents helps accelerate resistance, which poses a serious challenge in controlling environmental S. uberis infection. Here, we study the virulence attributes, antimicrobial and biocide resistance, and epidemiological typing of S. uberis recovered from bovine clinical mastitis in dairy farms of diverse hygienic interventions in Egypt. The overall S. uberis infection rate was 20.59%; all were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The sua gene was the most frequent virulence gene (42.02%), followed by pauA (40.57%), cfu (21.73%), skc (20.28%), and opp (11.59%). The erm(B) gene served as the predominant antimicrobial-resistant gene (75.36%), followed by fexA (52.63%) and tet(M), blaZ, and aac(6')aph(2″) genes (46.38% each). Of note, 79.71%, 78.26%, and 18.84% of S. uberis isolates harbored qacED1, qacC/D, and qacA/B genes, respectively. All analyzed isolates were S. uberis type I by their unique RFLP-PCR pattern. In conclusion, the sustained presence of pauA and sua genes throughout the investigated farms contributes to a better understanding of the bacterium's pathogenicity. Furthermore, MDR coupled with the existence of biocide resistance genes indicates the importance of S. uberis surveillance and the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary clinical medicine to avoid the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Damaty
- Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Abd Elkader
- Belbies Veterinary Organization, Ministry of Agriculture, Belbies 44974, Egypt
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed El-Kazzaz
- Molecular Microbiology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
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16
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Ismail MA, Amin MA, Eid AM, Hassan SED, Mahgoub HAM, Lashin I, Abdelwahab AT, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Elkelish A, Fouda A. Comparative Study between Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Hormones versus Metabolites of Microbial Endophytes as Plant Growth-Promoting for Phaseolus vulgaris L. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051059. [PMID: 33946942 PMCID: PMC8146795 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial endophytes organize symbiotic relationships with the host plant, and their excretions contain diverse plant beneficial matter such as phytohormones and bioactive compounds. In the present investigation, six bacterial and four fungal strains were isolated from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root plant, identified using molecular techniques, and their growth-promoting properties were reviewed. All microbial isolates showed varying activities to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and different hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, protease, pectinase, and xylanase. Six bacterial endophytic isolates displayed phosphate-solubilizing capacity and ammonia production. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the promotion activity of the metabolites of the most potent endophytic bacterial (Bacillus thuringiensis PB2 and Brevibacillus agri PB5) and fungal (Alternaria sorghi PF2 and, Penicillium commune PF3) strains in comparison to two exogenously applied hormone, IAA, and benzyl adenine (BA), on the growth and biochemical characteristics of the P. vulgaris L. Interestingly, our investigations showed that bacterial and fungal endophytic metabolites surpassed the exogenously applied hormones in increasing the plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate and protein contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous hormones and yield traits. Our findings illustrate that the endophyte Brevibacillus agri (PB5) provides high potential as a stimulator for the growth and productivity of common bean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Ismail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Amin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.E.-D.H.); (A.F.); Tel.: +20-102-3884804 (S.E.-D.H.); +20-111-3351244 (A.F.)
| | - Hany A. M. Mahgoub
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
| | - Islam Lashin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Mandaq, Albaha University, Al-Baha 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrhman T. Abdelwahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Department of Botany Science, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 73211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41511, Egypt; or
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.I.); (M.A.A.); (A.M.E.); or (H.A.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.T.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.E.-D.H.); (A.F.); Tel.: +20-102-3884804 (S.E.-D.H.); +20-111-3351244 (A.F.)
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17
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Abd Elhady SA, El-Gawad HGA, Ibrahim MFM, Mukherjee S, Elkelish A, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Farag R, Ibrahim HA, El-Azm NA. Hydrogen Peroxide Supplementation in Irrigation Water Alleviates Drought Stress and Boosts Growth and Productivity of Potato Plants. Sustainability 2021; 13:899. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The present investigations aim to decipher the beneficial role of hydrogen peroxide-supplemented irrigation in imparting drought tolerance and promotion plant growth and yield of potato plants grown under two different irrigation regimes. Hydrogen peroxide injection (oxygenation) was applied at 0, 300, and 600 ppm through subsurface irrigation regimes on potato performance grown in heavy clay soil. The results indicated that oxygenation of irrigation water boosted the plant′s vegetative growth and productivity, especially at 600 ppm hydrogen peroxide coupled with deficit irrigation. Root respiration, leaf biomass, chlorophyll content, and leaf osmotic status was observed to be improved in the presence of oxygenated irrigation. A similar trend was recorded on macro-elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium content), proline, and soluble carbohydrates content of leaf along with catalase enzyme activity. Individual tuber weight, tuber number and tuber yield per plant and hectare recorded higher values as responding to oxygenated irrigation (300 and 600 ppm) of water within the optimum irrigation level. While the highest value of water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained by pairing deficit irrigation with 600 ppm oxygenated water. Thus, the present work provides new insights into the importance of oxygenated irrigation in obtaining optimum yield and field performance in potato plants subjected to deficit irrigation in clayey-loamy soils.
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18
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Abstract
Ceramides are composed of a sphingosine and a single fatty acid connected by an amide linkage. As one of the major classes of biologically active lipids, ceramides and their upstream and downstream metabolites have been implicated in several pathological conditions including cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, microbial pathogenesis, obesity, and inflammation. Consequently, tremendous efforts have been devoted to deciphering the dynamics of metabolic pathways involved in ceramide biosynthesis. Given that several distinct enzymes can produce ceramide, different enzyme targets have been pursued depending on the underlying disease mechanism. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of small molecule inhibitors reported to date for each of these ceramide-producing enzymes from a medicinal chemistry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skácel
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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19
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El-Belely EF, Farag MMS, Said HA, Amin AS, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Fouda A. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Using Arthrospira platensis (Class: Cyanophyceae) and Evaluation of their Biomedical Activities. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:E95. [PMID: 33406606 PMCID: PMC7823323 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were successfully fabricated through the harnessing of metabolites present in the cell filtrate of a newly isolated and identified microalga Arthrospira platensis (Class: Cyanophyceae). The formed ZnO-NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Data showed the efficacy of cyanobacterial metabolites in fabricating spherical, crystallographic ZnO-NPs with a size ≈30.0 to 55.0 nm at a wavelength of 370 nm. Moreover, FT-IR analysis showed varied absorption peaks related to nanoparticle formation. XPS analysis confirms the presence of Zn(II)O at different varied bending energies. Data analyses exhibit that the activities of biosynthesized ZnO-NPs were dose-dependent. Their application as an antimicrobial agent was examined and formed clear zones, 24.1 ± 0.3, 21.1 ± 0.06, 19.1 ± 0.3, 19.9 ± 0.1, and 21.6 ± 0.6 mm, at 200 ppm against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, respectively, and these activities were reduced as the NPs concentration decreased. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined as 50 ppm for S. aureus, 25 ppm for P. aeruginosa, and 12.5 ppm for B. subtilis, E. coli, and C. albicans. More interestingly, ZnO-NPs exhibit high in vitro cytotoxic efficacy against cancerous (Caco-2) (IC50 = 9.95 ppm) as compared with normal (WI38) cell line (IC50 = 53.34 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab F. El-Belely
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.F.E.-B.); (M.M.S.F.)
| | - Mohamed M. S. Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.F.E.-B.); (M.M.S.F.)
| | - Hanan A. Said
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt;
| | - Abeer S. Amin
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Fouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.F.E.-B.); (M.M.S.F.)
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20
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Kalinichenko LS, Mühle C, Jia T, Anderheiden F, Datz M, Eberle AL, Eulenburg V, Granzow J, Hofer M, Hohenschild J, Huber SE, Kämpf S, Kogias G, Lacatusu L, Lugmair C, Taku SM, Meixner D, Tesch N, Praetner M, Rhein C, Sauer C, Scholz J, Ulrich F, Valenta F, Weigand E, Werner M, Tay N, Mc Veigh CJ, Haase J, Wang AL, Abdel-Hafiz L, Huston JP, Smaga I, Frankowska M, Filip M, Lourdusamy A, Kirchner P, Ekici AB, Marx LM, Suresh NP, Frischknecht R, Fejtova A, Saied EM, Arenz C, Bozec A, Wank I, Kreitz S, Hess A, Bäuerle T, Ledesma MD, Mitroi DN, Miranda AM, Oliveira TG, Gulbins E, Lenz B, Schumann G, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Neutral sphingomyelinase mediates the co-morbidity trias of alcohol abuse, major depression and bone defects. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7403-16. [PMID: 34584229 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders are highly comorbid and occur together with physical diseases, which are often considered to arise from separate pathogenic pathways. We observed in alcohol-dependent patients increased serum activity of neutral sphingomyelinase. A genetic association analysis in 456,693 volunteers found associations of haplotypes of SMPD3 coding for NSM-2 (NSM) with alcohol consumption, but also with affective state, and bone mineralisation. Functional analysis in mice showed that NSM controls alcohol consumption, affective behaviour, and their interaction by regulating hippocampal volume, cortical connectivity, and monoaminergic responses. Furthermore, NSM controlled bone-brain communication by enhancing osteocalcin signalling, which can independently supress alcohol consumption and reduce depressive behaviour. Altogether, we identified a single gene source for multiple pathways originating in the brain and bone, which interlink disorders of a mental-physical co-morbidity trias of alcohol abuse-depression/anxiety-bone disorder. Targeting NSM and osteocalcin signalling may, thus, provide a new systems approach in the treatment of a mental-physical co-morbidity trias.
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21
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De Lira MN, Raman SJ, Schulze A, Schneider-Schaulies S, Avota E. Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM 2) Controls T Cell Metabolic Homeostasis and Reprogramming During Activation. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:217. [PMID: 33088808 PMCID: PMC7498697 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) is a member of a superfamily of enzymes responsible for conversion of sphingomyelin into phosphocholine and ceramide at the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Upon specific ablation of NSM2, T cells proved to be hyper-responsive to CD3/CD28 co-stimulation, indicating that the enzyme acts to dampen early overshooting activation of these cells. It remained unclear whether hyper-reactivity of NSM2-deficient T cells is supported by a deregulated metabolic activity in these cells. Here, we demonstrate that ablation of NSM2 activity affects metabolism of the quiescent CD4+ T cells which accumulate ATP in mitochondria and increase basal glycolytic activity. This supports enhanced production of total ATP and metabolic switch early after TCR/CD28 stimulation. Most interestingly, increased metabolic activity in resting NSM2-deficient T cells does not support sustained response upon stimulation. While elevated under steady-state conditions in NSM2-deficient CD4+ T cells, the mTORC1 pathway regulating mitochondria size, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production is impaired after 24 h of stimulation. Taken together, the absence of NSM2 promotes a hyperactive metabolic state in unstimulated CD4+ T cells yet fails to support sustained T cell responses upon antigenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Börtlein C, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Dölken L, Avota E. Role of Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM 2) in the Control of T Cell Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition and Cholesterol Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:226. [PMID: 31681760 PMCID: PMC6803391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) to catalyze the conversion of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide and phosphocholine at the cytosolic leaflet of plasma membrane (PM) is important in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. We recently identified PKCζ as a major NSM2 downstream effector which regulates microtubular polarization. It remained, however, unclear to what extent NSM2 activity affected overall composition of PM lipids and downstream effector lipids in antigen stimulated T cells. Here, we provide a detailed lipidomics analyses on PM fractions isolated from TCR stimulated wild type and NSM2 deficient (ΔNSM) Jurkat T cells. This revealed that in addition to that of sphingolipids, NSM2 depletion also affected concentrations of many other lipids. In particular, NSM2 ablation resulted in increase of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) which both govern PM biophysical properties. Crucially, TCR dependent upregulation of the important T cell signaling lipid diacylglycerol (DAG), which is fundamental for activation of conventional and novel PKCs, was abolished in ΔNSM cells. Moreover, NSM2 activity was found to play an important role in PM cholesterol transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and production of cholesteryl esters (CE) there. Most importantly, CE accumulation was essential to sustain human T cell proliferation. Accordingly, inhibition of CE generating enzymes, the cholesterol acetyltransferases ACAT1/SOAT1 and ACAT2/SOAT2, impaired TCR driven expansion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In summary, our study reveals an important role of NSM2 in regulating T cell functions by its multiple effects on PM lipids and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Börtlein
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Hollmann C, Wiese T, Dennstädt F, Fink J, Schneider-Schaulies J, Beyersdorf N. Translational Approaches Targeting Ceramide Generation From Sphingomyelin in T Cells to Modulate Immunity in Humans. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2363. [PMID: 31681273 PMCID: PMC6798155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In T cells, as in all other cells of the body, sphingolipids form important structural components of membranes. Due to metabolic modifications, sphingolipids additionally play an active part in the signaling of cell surface receptors of T cells like the T cell receptor or the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. Moreover, the sphingolipid composition of their membranes crucially affects the integrity and function of subcellular compartments such as the lysosome. Previously, studying sphingolipid metabolism has been severely hampered by the limited number of analytical methods/model systems available. Besides well-established high resolution mass spectrometry new tools are now available like novel minimally modified sphingolipid subspecies for click chemistry as well as recently generated mouse mutants with deficiencies/overexpression of sphingolipid-modifying enzymes. Making use of these tools we and others discovered that the sphingolipid sphingomyelin is metabolized to ceramide to different degrees in distinct T cell subpopulations of mice and humans. This knowledge has already been translated into novel immunomodulatory approaches in mice and will in the future hopefully also be applicable to humans. In this paper we are, thus, summarizing the most recent findings on the impact of sphingolipid metabolism on T cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions. Moreover, we are discussing the therapeutic concepts arising from these insights and drugs or drug candidates which are already in clinical use or could be developed for clinical use in patients with diseases as distant as major depression and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hollmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Wiese
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Dennstädt
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Avota E, de Lira MN, Schneider-Schaulies S. Sphingomyelin Breakdown in T Cells: Role of Membrane Compartmentalization in T Cell Signaling and Interference by a Pathogen. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:152. [PMID: 31457008 PMCID: PMC6700246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are major components of cellular membranes, and at steady-state level, their metabolic fluxes are tightly controlled. On challenge by external signals, they undergo rapid turnover, which substantially affects the biophysical properties of membrane lipid and protein compartments and, consequently, signaling and morphodynamics. In T cells, external cues translate into formation of membrane microdomains where proximal signaling platforms essential for metabolic reprograming and cytoskeletal reorganization are organized. This review will focus on sphingomyelinases, which mediate sphingomyelin breakdown and ensuing ceramide release that have been implicated in T-cell viability and function. Acting at the sphingomyelin pool at the extrafacial or cytosolic leaflet of cellular membranes, acid and neutral sphingomyelinases organize ceramide-enriched membrane microdomains that regulate T-cell homeostatic activity and, upon stimulation, compartmentalize receptors, membrane proximal signaling complexes, and cytoskeletal dynamics as essential for initiating T-cell motility and interaction with endothelia and antigen-presenting cells. Prominent examples to be discussed in this review include death receptor family members, integrins, CD3, and CD28 and their associated signalosomes. Progress made with regard to experimental tools has greatly aided our understanding of the role of bioactive sphingolipids in T-cell biology at a molecular level and of targets explored by a model pathogen (measles virus) to specifically interfere with their physiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Nathalia de Lira
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Collenburg L, Schneider-Schaulies S, Avota E. The neutral sphingomyelinase 2 in T cell receptor signaling and polarity. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1147-1155. [PMID: 29337691 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
By hydrolyzing its substrate sphingomyelin at the cytosolic leaflet of cellular membranes, the neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (NSM2) generates microdomains which serve as docking sites for signaling proteins and thereby, functions to regulate signal relay. This has been particularly studied in cellular stress responses while the regulatory role of this enzyme in the immune cell compartment has only recently emerged. In T cells, phenotypic polarization by co-ordinated cytoskeletal remodeling is central to motility and interaction with endothelial or antigen-presenting cells during tissue recruitment or immune synapse formation, respectively. This review highlights studies adressing the role of NSM2 in T cell polarity in which the enzyme plays a major role in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Collenburg
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Börtlein C, Draeger A, Schoenauer R, Kuhlemann A, Sauer M, Schneider-Schaulies S, Avota E. The Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 Is Required to Polarize and Sustain T Cell Receptor Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:815. [PMID: 29720981 PMCID: PMC5915489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
By promoting ceramide release at the cytosolic membrane leaflet, the neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (NSM) is capable of organizing receptor and signalosome segregation. Its role in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling remained so far unknown. We now show that TCR-driven NSM activation is dispensable for TCR clustering and initial phosphorylation, but of crucial importance for further signal amplification. In particular, at low doses of TCR stimulatory antibodies, NSM is required for Ca2+ mobilization and T cell proliferation. NSM-deficient T cells lack sustained CD3ζ and ZAP-70 phosphorylation and are unable to polarize and stabilize their microtubular system. We identified PKCζ as the key NSM downstream effector in this second wave of TCR signaling supporting dynamics of microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Ceramide supplementation rescued PKCζ membrane recruitment and MTOC translocation in NSM-deficient cells. These findings identify the NSM as essential in TCR signaling when dynamic cytoskeletal reorganization promotes continued lateral and vertical supply of TCR signaling components: CD3ζ, Zap70, and PKCζ, and functional immune synapses are organized and stabilized via MTOC polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Börtlein
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Draeger
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roman Schoenauer
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Kuhlemann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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