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Chen Y, Yin Z, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Liu T, Lu WY, Wang S. Increased GABA signaling in liver macrophage promotes HBV replication in HBV-carrier mice. Virus Res 2024; 344:199366. [PMID: 38548137 PMCID: PMC10998195 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signals in various non-neuronal cells including hepatocytes and some immune cells. Studies, including ours, show that type A GABA receptors (GABAARs)-mediated signaling occurs in macrophages regulating tissue-specific functions. Our recent study reveals that activation of GABAARs in liver macrophages promotes their M2-like polarization and increases HBV replication in mice. This short article briefly summarizes the GABA signaling system in macrophages and discusses potential mechanisms by which GABA signaling promotes HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Chen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tinghao Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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2
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Porru S, Esplugues A, Llop S, Delgado-Saborit JM. The effects of heavy metal exposure on brain and gut microbiota: A systematic review of animal studies. Environ Pollut 2024; 348:123732. [PMID: 38462196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a crucial interface between the central nervous system and the gut microbiota. Recent evidence shows that exposure to environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, can cause dysbiosis in gut microbiota, which may affect the gut-brain communication, impacting aspects of brain function and behavior. This systematic review of the literature aims to evaluate whether deleterious effects on brain function due to heavy metal exposure could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota profile. Animal studies involving exposure to heavy metals and a comparison with a control group that evaluated neuropsychological outcomes and/or molecular outcomes along with the analysis of microbiota composition were reviewed. The authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the protocol of Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) for preclinical studies. A search in 3 databases yielded 16 eligible studies focused on lead (n = 10), cadmium (n = 1), mercury (n = 3), manganese (n = 1), and combined exposure of lead and manganese (n = 1). The animal species were rats (n = 7), mice (n = 4), zebrafish (n = 3), carp (n = 1) and fruit fly (n = 1). Heavy metals were found to adversely affect cognitive function, behavior, and neuronal morphology. Moreover, heavy metal exposure was associated with changes in the abundance of specific bacterial phyla, such as Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, which play crucial roles in gut health. In some studies, these alterations were correlated with learning and memory impairments and mood disorders. The interplay of heavy metals, gut microbiota, and brain suggests that heavy metals can induce direct brain alterations and indirect effects through the microbiota, contributing to neurotoxicity and the development of neuropsychological disorders. However, the small number of papers under review makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Further research is warranted to unravel the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the translational implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Porru
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences. Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ana Esplugues
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universitat de València, C/Menendez Pelayo S/n, 46010, València, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valencia, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, València, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valencia, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, València, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana María Delgado-Saborit
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences. Universitat Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de Valencia, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, València, Spain.
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Omar WEW, Singh G, McBain AJ, Cruickshank F, Radhakrishnan H. Gut Microbiota Profiles in Myopes and Nonmyopes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:2. [PMID: 38691091 PMCID: PMC11077909 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify compositional differences in the gut microbiome of nonmyopes (NM) and myopes using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and to investigate whether the microbiome may contribute to the onset or progression of the condition. Methods Faecal samples were collected from 52 adult participants, of whom 23 were NM, 8 were progressive myopes (PM), and 21 were stable myopes (SM). The composition of the gut microbiota in each group was analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results There were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between the three groups (NM, PM, and SM). However, the distributions of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Dorea, Roseburia, and Blautia were significantly higher in the myopes (SM and PM combined) when compared with emmetropes. The myopes exhibited significantly greater abundance of bacteria that are linked to the regulation of dopaminergic signalling, such as Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides. Individuals with stable myopia were found to have a significantly higher proportion of Prevotella copri than those with progressive myopia. Bifidobacterium adolescentis, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing bacterium, was significantly higher in all myopes than in NM and, in the comparison between SM and PM, it is significantly higher in SM. B. uniformis and B. fragilis, both GABA-producing Bacteroides, were present in relatively high abundance in all myopes and in SM compared with PM, respectively. Conclusions The presence of bacteria related to dopamine effect and GABA-producing bacteria in the gut microbiome of myopes may suggest a role of these microorganisms in the onset and progression of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan E. W. Omar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Optometry Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. McBain
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Cruickshank
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hema Radhakrishnan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Ratiner K, Ciocan D, Abdeen SK, Elinav E. Utilization of the microbiome in personalized medicine. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:291-308. [PMID: 38110694 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Inter-individual human variability, driven by various genetic and environmental factors, complicates the ability to develop effective population-based early disease detection, treatment and prognostic assessment. The microbiome, consisting of diverse microorganism communities including viruses, bacteria, fungi and eukaryotes colonizing human body surfaces, has recently been identified as a contributor to inter-individual variation, through its person-specific signatures. As such, the microbiome may modulate disease manifestations, even among individuals with similar genetic disease susceptibility risks. Information stored within microbiomes may therefore enable early detection and prognostic assessment of disease in at-risk populations, whereas microbiome modulation may constitute an effective and safe treatment tailored to the individual. In this Review, we explore recent advances in the application of microbiome data in precision medicine across a growing number of human diseases. We also discuss the challenges, limitations and prospects of analysing microbiome data for personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ratiner
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dragos Ciocan
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Suhaib K Abdeen
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Division of Cancer-Microbiome Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bajic D, Wiens F, Wintergerst E, Deyaert S, Baudot A, den Abbeele PV. HMOs Impact the Gut Microbiome of Children and Adults Starting from Low Predicted Daily Doses. Metabolites 2024; 14:239. [PMID: 38668367 PMCID: PMC11052010 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the dietary intake of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provides health benefits from infancy up to adulthood. Thus far, beneficial changes in the adult gut microbiome have been observed at oral doses of 5-20 g/day of HMOs. Efficacy of lower doses has rarely been tested. We assessed four HMO molecular species-2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL), and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL)-at predicted doses from 0.3 to 5 g/day for 6-year-old children and adults (n = 6 each), using ex vivo SIFR® technology (Cryptobiotix, Ghent, Belgium). This technology employing bioreactor fermentation on fecal samples enables us to investigate microbial fermentation products that are intractable in vivo given their rapid absorption/consumption in the human gut. We found that HMOs significantly increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate (in children/adults), and butyrate (in adults) from predicted doses of 0.3-0.5 g/day onwards, with stronger effects as dosing increased. The fermentation of 6'SL had the greatest effect on propionate, LNnT most strongly increased butyrate, and 2'FL and 3'SL most strongly increased acetate. An untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that HMOs enhanced immune-related metabolites beyond SCFAs, such as aromatic lactic acids (indole-3-lactic acid/3-phenyllactic acid) and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, as well as gut-brain-axis-related metabolites (γ-aminobutyric acid/3-hydroxybutyric acid/acetylcholine) and vitamins. The effects of low doses of HMOs potentially originate from the highly specific stimulation of keystone species belonging to, for example, the Bifidobacteriaceae family, which had already significantly increased at doses of only 0.5 g/day LNnT (adults) and 1 g/day 2'FL (children/adults).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Bajic
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Frank Wiens
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Eva Wintergerst
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Stef Deyaert
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Baudot
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Dziedzic A, Maciak K, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Gałecka M, Kobierecka W, Saluk J. The Power of Psychobiotics in Depression: A Modern Approach through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1054. [PMID: 38613087 PMCID: PMC11013390 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a complex communication network linking the gut, microbiota, and brain, influencing various aspects of health and disease. Dysbiosis, a disturbance in the gut microbiome equilibrium, can significantly impact the MGB axis, leading to alterations in microbial composition and function. Emerging evidence highlights the connection between microbiota alterations and neurological and psychiatric disorders, including depression. This review explores the potential of psychobiotics in managing depressive disorders, emphasizing their role in restoring microbial balance and influencing the MGB axis. Psychobiotics exhibit positive effects on the intestinal barrier, immune response, cortisol levels, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Studies suggest that probiotics may serve as an adjunct therapy for depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. This review discusses key findings from studies on psychobiotics interventions, emphasizing their impact on the gut-brain axis and mental health. The increasing acceptance of the expanded concept of the MGB axis underscores the importance of microorganisms in mental well-being. As our understanding of the microbiome's role in health and disease grows, probiotics emerge as promising agents for addressing mental health issues, providing new avenues for therapeutic interventions in depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dziedzic
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (W.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Karina Maciak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (W.K.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Małgorzata Gałecka
- Department of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Weronika Kobierecka
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (W.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Joanna Saluk
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (W.K.); (J.S.)
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7
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Braga JD, Thongngam M, Kumrungsee T. Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut-brain axis. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:16. [PMID: 38565567 PMCID: PMC10987602 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in the central nervous system as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Imbalances of this neurotransmitter are associated with neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and stress. Since GABA has long been believed to not cross the blood-brain barrier, the effects of circulating GABA on the brain are neglected. However, emerging evidence has demonstrated that changes in both circulating and brain levels of GABA are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and that changes in GABA levels and microbiota composition play a role in modulating mental health. This recent research has raised the possibility that GABA may be a potent mediator of the gut-brain axis. This review article will cover up-to-date information about GABA-producing microorganisms isolated from human gut and food sources, explanation why those microorganisms produce GABA, food factors inducing gut-GABA production, evidence suggesting GABA as a mediator linking between gut microbiota and mental health, including anxiety, depression, stress, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and novel information regarding homocarnosine-a predominant brain peptide that is a putative downstream mediator of GABA in regulating brain functions. This review will help us to understand how the gut microbiota and GABA-homocarnosine metabolism play a significant role in brain functions. Nonetheless, it could support further research on the use of GABA production-inducing microorganisms and food factors as agents to treat neurological and psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Natural Resources, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, 4122, Philippines
| | - Masubon Thongngam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
- Smart Agriculture, Graduate School of Innovation and Practice for Smart Society, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
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8
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Lillie IM, Booth CE, Horvath AE, Mondragon M, Engevik MA, Horvath TD. Characterizing arginine, ornithine, and putrescine pathways in enteric pathobionts. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1408. [PMID: 38560776 PMCID: PMC10982811 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine-ornithine metabolism plays a crucial role in bacterial homeostasis, as evidenced by numerous studies. However, the utilization of arginine and the downstream products of its metabolism remain undefined in various gut bacteria. To bridge this knowledge gap, we employed genomic screening to pinpoint relevant metabolic targets. We also devised a targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomics method to measure the levels of arginine, its upstream precursors, and downstream products in cell-free conditioned media from enteric pathobionts, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Our findings revealed that all selected bacterial strains consumed glutamine, glutamate, and arginine, and produced citrulline, ornithine, and GABA in our chemically defined medium. Additionally, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and P. fluorescens were found to convert arginine to agmatine and produce putrescine. Interestingly, arginine supplementation promoted biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae, while ornithine supplementation enhanced biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. These findings offer a comprehensive insight into arginine-ornithine metabolism in enteric pathobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Lillie
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
- Department of Pathology & ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of PathologyTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Charles E. Booth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Adelaide E. Horvath
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Biology & BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of MathematicsUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Matthew Mondragon
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas D. Horvath
- Department of Pathology & ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of PathologyTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
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9
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Wang F, Liu X, Huang F, Zhou Y, Wang X, Song Z, Wang S, Wang X, Shi D, Ruan G, Ji X, Zhang E, Tan Z, Ye Y, Wang C, Zhu J, Wang W. Gut microbiota-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid from metformin treatment reduces hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting ferroptosis. eLife 2024; 12:RP89045. [PMID: 38488837 PMCID: PMC10942780 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a common and inevitable factor leading to poor prognosis in various liver diseases, making the outcomes of current treatments in clinic unsatisfactory. Metformin has been demonstrated to be beneficial to alleviate HIRI in recent studies, however, the underpinning mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found metformin mitigates HIRI-induced ferroptosis through reshaped gut microbiota in mice, which was confirmed by the results of fecal microbiota transplantation treatment but showed the elimination of the beneficial effects when gut bacteria were depleted using antibiotics. Detailedly, through 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing, we identified that the metformin-reshaped microbiota was characterized by the increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing bacteria. This increase was further confirmed by the elevation of GABA synthesis key enzymes, glutamic acid decarboxylase and putrescine aminotransferase, in gut microbes of metformin-treated mice and healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the benefit of GABA against HIRI-induced ferroptosis was demonstrated in GABA-treated mice. Collectively, our data indicate that metformin can mitigate HIRI-induced ferroptosis by reshaped gut microbiota, with GABA identified as a key metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Wang
- Institute of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiujie Liu
- Institute of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, The University of Nottingham NingboNingboChina
- Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd.SuzhouChina
| | - Furong Huang
- Institute of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yan Zhou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zhengyang Song
- Institute of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Sisi Wang
- Institute of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Institute of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Dibang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Gaoyi Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiawei Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Eryao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zenglin Tan
- Institute of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yuqing Ye
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, The University of Nottingham NingboNingboChina
- Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd.SuzhouChina
| | - Chuang Wang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jesse Zhu
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, The University of Nottingham NingboNingboChina
- Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd.SuzhouChina
| | - Wantie Wang
- Institute of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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10
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Chakraborty N. Metabolites: a converging node of host and microbe to explain meta-organism. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337368. [PMID: 38505556 PMCID: PMC10949987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Meta-organisms encompassing the host and resident microbiota play a significant role in combatting diseases and responding to stress. Hence, there is growing traction to build a knowledge base about this ecosystem, particularly to characterize the bidirectional relationship between the host and microbiota. In this context, metabolomics has emerged as the major converging node of this entire ecosystem. Systematic comprehension of this resourceful omics component can elucidate the organism-specific response trajectory and the communication grid across the ecosystem embodying meta-organisms. Translating this knowledge into designing nutraceuticals and next-generation therapy are ongoing. Its major hindrance is a significant knowledge gap about the underlying mechanisms maintaining a delicate balance within this ecosystem. To bridge this knowledge gap, a holistic picture of the available information has been presented with a primary focus on the microbiota-metabolite relationship dynamics. The central theme of this article is the gut-brain axis and the participating microbial metabolites that impact cerebral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chakraborty
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, CMPN, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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11
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Mellai M, Allesina M, Edoardo B, Cascella F, Nobile V, Spina A, Amone F, Zaccaria V, Insolia V, Perri A, Lofaro D, Puoci F. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: Efficacy of Opuntia ficus- indica Prebiotic Supplementation in Subjects with Gut Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2024; 16:586. [PMID: 38474715 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis refers to an imbalance in gut microbiota composition and function. Opuntia ficus-indica extract has been shown to modulate gut microbiota by improving SCFA production in vivo and gastrointestinal discomfort (GD) in humans. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of OdiliaTM on gastrointestinal health by changing the microbial diversity of species involved in inflammation, immunity, oxidation, and the brain-gut-muscle axis. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 80 adults with gut dysbiosis. The intervention consisted of a 300 mg daily intake of OdiliaTM (n = 40) or maltodextrin as a placebo (n = 40), administered for 8 weeks. Intervention effect was evaluated using 16S metagenomics and GIQLI/GSAS scores at baseline, at 4 and 8 weeks. Eight weeks of OdiliaTM supplementation positively modulates gut microbiota composition with a significant reduction in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (p = 0.0012). Relative abundances of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroides and Clostridium_XIVa) were significantly increased (p < 0.001), in contrast to a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory bacteria (p < 0.001). Accordingly, GIQLI and GSAS scores revealed successful improvement in GD. OdiliaTM may represent an effective and well-tolerated treatment in subjects with gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mellai
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Genomics & Transcriptomics Unit, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Allesina
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Benedetto Edoardo
- GIGA-CP Italian Association for Primary Care Gastroenterology, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Cascella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nobile
- R&D Department, Complife Italia S.r.l., 27028 San Martino Siccomario, Italy
| | - Amelia Spina
- Nutratech S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Fabio Amone
- Nutratech S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Grecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Danilo Lofaro
- Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
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12
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Dong TS, Mayer E. Advances in Brain-Gut-Microbiome Interactions: A Comprehensive Update on Signaling Mechanisms, Disorders, and Therapeutic Implications. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S2352-345X(24)00027-4. [PMID: 38336171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The complex, bidirectional interactions between the brain, the gut, and the gut microbes are best referred to as the brain gut microbiome system. Animal and clinical studies have identified specific signaling mechanisms within this system, with gut microbes communicating to the brain through neuronal, endocrine, and immune pathways. The brain, in turn, modulates the composition and function of the gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system, regulating gut motility, secretion, permeability, and the release of hormones impacting microbial gene expression. Perturbations at any level of these interactions can disrupt the intricate balance, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of intestinal, metabolic, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders. Understanding these interactions and their underlying mechanisms holds promise for identifying biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic targets, and for developing more effective treatment strategies for these complex disorders. Continued research will advance our knowledge of this system, with the potential for improved understanding and management of a wide range of disorders. This review provides an update on the current state of knowledge regarding this system, with a focus on recent advancements and emerging research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien S Dong
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Emeran Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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13
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Shin JH, Tillotson G, MacKenzie TN, Warren CA, Wexler HM, Goldstein EJC. Bacteroides and related species: The keystone taxa of the human gut microbiota. Anaerobe 2024; 85:102819. [PMID: 38215933 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities play a significant role in maintaining ecosystems in a healthy homeostasis. Presently, in the human gastrointestinal tract, there are certain taxonomic groups of importance, though there is no single species that plays a keystone role. Bacteroides spp. are known to be major players in the maintenance of eubiosis in the human gastrointestinal tract. Here we review the critical role that Bacteroides play in the human gut, their potential pathogenic role outside of the gut, and their various methods of adapting to the environment, with a focus on data for B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron. Bacteroides are anaerobic non-sporing Gram negative organisms that are also resistant to bile acids, generally thriving in the gut and having a beneficial relationship with the host. While they are generally commensal organisms, some Bacteroides spp. can be opportunistic pathogens in scenarios of GI disease, trauma, cancer, or GI surgery, and cause infection, most commonly intra-abdominal infection. B. fragilis can develop antimicrobial resistance through multiple mechanisms in large part due to its plasticity and fluid genome. Bacteroidota (formerly, Bacteroidetes) have a very broad metabolic potential in the GI microbiota and can rapidly adapt their carbohydrate metabolism to the available nutrients. Gastrointestinal Bacteroidota species produce short-chain fatty acids such as succinate, acetate, butyrate, and occasionally propionate, as the major end-products, which have wide-ranging and many beneficial influences on the host. Bacteroidota, via bile acid metabolism, also play a role in in colonization-resistance of other organisms, including Clostridioides difficile, and maintenance of gut integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | | | | | - Cirle A Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Hannah M Wexler
- GLAVAHCS, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Viudez-Martínez A, Torregrosa AB, Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS. Understanding the Biological Relationship between Migraine and Depression. Biomolecules 2024; 14:163. [PMID: 38397400 PMCID: PMC10886628 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disorder. Among the risk factors identified, psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, seem to play an important role in its onset and clinical course. Patients with migraine are 2.5 times more likely to develop a depressive disorder; this risk becomes even higher in patients suffering from chronic migraine or migraine with aura. This relationship is bidirectional, since depression also predicts an earlier/worse onset of migraine, increasing the risk of migraine chronicity and, consequently, requiring a higher healthcare expenditure compared to migraine alone. All these data suggest that migraine and depression may share overlapping biological mechanisms. Herein, this review explores this topic in further detail: firstly, by introducing the common epidemiological and risk factors for this comorbidity; secondly, by focusing on providing the cumulative evidence of common biological aspects, with a particular emphasis on the serotoninergic system, neuropeptides such as calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), substance P, neuropeptide Y and orexins, sexual hormones, and the immune system; lastly, by remarking on the future challenges required to elucidate the etiopathological mechanisms of migraine and depression and providing updated information regarding new key targets for the pharmacological treatment of these clinical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Viudez-Martínez
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, Hospital General Dr. Balmis de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Abraham B. Torregrosa
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.B.T.); (F.N.)
- Research Network on Primary Addictions, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.B.T.); (F.N.)
- Research Network on Primary Addictions, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.B.T.); (F.N.)
- Research Network on Primary Addictions, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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15
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Mullowney MW, Fiebig A, Schnizlein MK, McMillin M, Rose AR, Koval J, Rubin D, Dalal S, Sogin ML, Chang EB, Sidebottom AM, Crosson S. Microbially catalyzed conjugation of GABA and tyramine to bile acids. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0042623. [PMID: 38174933 PMCID: PMC10810215 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00426-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol-derived molecules that aid in digestion and nutrient absorption, regulate host metabolic processes, and influence physiology of the gut microbiota. Both the host and its microbiome contribute to enzymatic modifications that shape the chemical diversity of BAs in the gut. Several bacterial species have been reported to conjugate standard amino acids to BAs, but it was not known if bacteria conjugate BAs to other amine classes. Here, we show that Bacteroides fragilis strain P207, isolated from a bacterial bloom in the J-pouch of a patient with ulcerative colitis pouchitis, conjugates standard amino acids and the neuroactive amines γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and tyramine to deoxycholic acid. We extended this analysis to other human gut isolates and identified species that are competent to conjugate GABA and tyramine to primary and secondary BAs, and further identified diverse BA-GABA and BA-tyramine amides in human stool. A longitudinal metabolomic analysis of J-pouch contents of the patient from whom B. fragilis P207 was isolated revealed highly reduced levels of secondary bile acids and a shifting BA amide profile before, during, and after onset of pouchitis, including temporal changes in several BA-GABA amides. Treatment of pouchitis with ciprofloxacin was associated with a marked reduction of nearly all BA amides in the J-pouch. Our study expands the known repertoire of conjugated bile acids produced by bacteria to include BA conjugates to GABA and tyramine and demonstrates that these molecules are present in the human gut. IMPORTANCE BAs are modified in multiple ways by host enzymes and the microbiota to produce a chemically diverse set of molecules that assist in the digestive process and impact many physiological functions. This study reports the discovery of bacterial species that conjugate the neuroactive amines, GABA and tyramine, to primary and secondary BAs. We further present evidence that BA-GABA and BA-tyramine conjugates are present in the human gut, and document a shifting BA-GABA profile in a human pouchitis patient before, during, and after inflammation and antibiotic treatment. GABA and tyramine are common metabolic products of the gut microbiota and potent neuroactive molecules. GABA- and tyramine-conjugated BAs may influence receptor-mediated regulatory mechanisms of humans and their gut microbes, and absorption of these molecules and their entry into enterohepatic circulation may impact host physiology at distal tissue sites. This study defines new conjugated bile acids in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aretha Fiebig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew K. Schnizlein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary McMillin
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amber R. Rose
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason Koval
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sushila Dalal
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Sean Crosson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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16
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Konstanti P, Ligthart K, Fryganas C, Constantinos P, Smidt H, de Vos WM, Belzer C. Physiology of γ-aminobutyric acid production by Akkermansia muciniphila. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0112123. [PMID: 38088552 PMCID: PMC10807452 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01121-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria hold the potential to produce a broad range of metabolites that can modulate human functions, including molecules with neuroactive potential. One such molecule is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system in animals. Metagenomic analyses suggest that the genomes of many gut bacteria encode glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme that catalyzes GABA production. The genome of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin specialist and potential next-generation probiotic from the human gut, is predicted to encode GAD, suggesting a contributing role in GABA production in the human gut. In this study, A. muciniphila was grown in batch cultures with and without pH control. In both experiments, A. muciniphila was found to produce GABA as a response to acid (pH <5.5), although only when GABA precursors, either glutamate or glutamine, were present in the medium. Proteomic analysis comparing A. muciniphila grown with and without precursors at pH 4 did not show a difference in GAD expression, suggesting that it is expressed regardless of the presence of GABA precursors. To further investigate the function of A. muciniphila GAD, we heterologously expressed the gad gene (encoded by locus tag Amuc_0372) with a His tag in Escherichia coli and purified the GAD protein. Enzyme assays showed GAD activity in a pH range between 4 and 6, with the highest specific activity at pH 5 of 144 ± 16 µM GABA/min/mg. Overall, our results demonstrate the ability of A. muciniphila to produce GABA as an acid response and unravel the conditions under which GABA production in A. muciniphila occurs.IMPORTANCEAkkermansia muciniphila is considered to be a beneficial bacterium from the human gut, but the exact mechanisms by which A. muciniphila influences its host are not yet fully understood. To this end, it is important to identify which metabolites are produced and consumed by A. muciniphila that may contribute to a healthy gut. In the present study, we demonstrate the ability of A. muciniphila to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) when grown in an acidic environment, which often occurs in the gut. GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is present in the human gut. For this reason, it is considered an important bacterial metabolite. Our finding that A. muciniphila produces GABA in acidic environments adds to the growing body of understanding of its relationship with host health and provides an explanation on how it can survive acid stress in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopis Konstanti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kate Ligthart
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christos Fryganas
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patinios Constantinos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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17
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Tamés H, Sabater C, Royo F, Margolles A, Falcón JM, Ruas-Madiedo P, Ruiz L. Mouse intestinal microbiome modulation by oral administration of a GABA-producing Bifidobacterium adolescentis strain. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0258023. [PMID: 37991375 PMCID: PMC10783132 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02580-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome-brain communication signaling has emerged in recent years as a novel target for intervention with the potential to ameliorate some conditions associated with the central nervous system. Hence, probiotics with capacity to produce neurotransmitters, for instance, have come up as appealing alternatives to treat disorders associated with disbalanced neurotransmitters. Herein, we further deep into the effects of administering a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing Bifidobacterium strain, previously demonstrated to contribute to reduce serum glutamate levels, in the gut microbiome composition and metabolic activity in a mouse model. Our results demonstrate that the GABA-producing strain administration results in a specific pattern of gut microbiota modulation, different from the one observed in animals receiving non-GABA-producing strains. This opens new avenues to delineate the specific mechanisms by which IPLA60004 administration contributes to reducing serum glutamate levels and to ascertain whether this effect could exert health benefits in patients of diseases associated with high-glutamate serum concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Tamés
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carlos Sabater
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Félix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Falcón
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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18
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Jiang DQY, Guo TL. Interaction between Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS) and Acetaminophen in Disease Exacerbation-Focusing on Autism and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis. Toxics 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38250995 PMCID: PMC10818890 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This review presents a new perspective on the exacerbation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the gut-liver-brain axis. We have summarized evidence reported on the involvement of the gut microbiome and liver inflammation that led to the onset and exacerbation of ASD symptoms. As PFAS are toxicants that particularly target liver, this review has comprehensively explored the possible interaction between PFAS and acetaminophen, another liver toxicant, as the chemicals of interest for future toxicology research. Our hypothesis is that, at acute dosages, acetaminophen has the ability to aggravate the impaired conditions of the PFAS-exposed liver, which would further exacerbate neurological symptoms such as lack of social communication and interest, and repetitive behaviors using mechanisms related to the gut-liver-brain axis. This review discusses their potential interactions in terms of the gut-liver-brain axis and signaling pathways that may contribute to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tai Liang Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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19
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Zünd JN, Plüss S, Mujezinovic D, Menzi C, von Bieberstein PR, de Wouters T, Lacroix C, Leventhal GE, Pugin B. A flexible high-throughput cultivation protocol to assess the response of individuals' gut microbiota to diet-, drug-, and host-related factors. ISME Commun 2024; 4:ycae035. [PMID: 38562261 PMCID: PMC10982853 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The anaerobic cultivation of fecal microbiota is a promising approach to investigating how gut microbial communities respond to specific intestinal conditions and perturbations. Here, we describe a flexible protocol using 96-deepwell plates to cultivate stool-derived gut microbiota. Our protocol aims to address gaps in high-throughput culturing in an anaerobic chamber. We characterized the influence of the gas phase on the medium chemistry and microbial physiology and introduced a modular medium preparation process to enable the testing of several conditions simultaneously. Furthermore, we identified a medium formulation that maximized the compositional similarity of ex vivo cultures and donor microbiota while limiting the bloom of Enterobacteriaceae. Lastly, we validated the protocol by demonstrating that cultivated fecal microbiota responded similarly to dietary fibers (resistant dextrin, soluble starch) and drugs (ciprofloxacin, 5-fluorouracil) as reported in vivo. This high-throughput cultivation protocol has the potential to facilitate culture-dependent studies, accelerate the discovery of gut microbiota-diet-drug-host interactions, and pave the way to personalized microbiota-centered interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina N Zünd
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Serafina Plüss
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Denisa Mujezinovic
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Menzi
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- PharmaBiome AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Philipp R von Bieberstein
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- PharmaBiome AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Benoit Pugin
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Su W, Yang Y, Zhao X, Cheng J, Li Y, Wu S, Wu C. Potential efficacy and mechanism of eight mild-natured and bitter-flavored TCMs based on gut microbiota: A review. Chin Herb Med 2024; 16:42-55. [PMID: 38375054 PMCID: PMC10874767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mild-natured and bitter-flavored traditional Chinese medicines (MB-TCMs) are an important class of TCMs that have been widely used in clinical practice and recognized as safe long-term treatments for chronic diseases. However, as an important class of TCMs, the panorama of pharmacological effects and the mechanisms of MB-TCMs have not been systemically reviewed. Compelling studies have shown that gut microbiota can mediate the therapeutic activity of TCMs and help to elucidate the core principles of TCM medicinal theory. In this systematic review, we found that MB-TCMs commonly participated in the modulation of metabolic syndrome, intestinal inflammation, nervous system disease and cardiovascular system disease in association with promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia as well as inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria Helicobacter, Enterococcus, Desulfovibrio and Escherichia-Shigella. These alterations, correspondingly, enhance the generation of protective metabolites, mainly including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acid (BAs), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), indole and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and inhibit the generation of harmful metabolites, such as proinflammatory factors trimethylamine oxide (TAMO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to further exert multiplicative effects for the maintenance of human health through several different signaling pathways. Altogether, this present review has attempted to comprehensively summarize the relationship between MB-TCMs and gut microbiota by establishing the TCMs-gut microbiota-metabolite-signaling pathway-diseases axis, which may provide new insight into the study of TCM medicinal theories and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Su
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiale Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shengxian Wu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chongming Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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21
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Iorizzo M, Paventi G, Di Martino C. Biosynthesis of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in Fermented Food Production. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:200-220. [PMID: 38248317 PMCID: PMC10814391 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, given the important role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human health, scientists have paid great attention to the enrichment of this chemical compound in food using various methods, including microbial fermentation. Moreover, GABA or GABA-rich products have been successfully commercialized as food additives or functional dietary supplements. Several microorganisms can produce GABA, including bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. Among GABA-producing microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used in the production of many fermented foods. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) is a LAB species that has a long history of natural occurrence and safe use in a wide variety of fermented foods and beverages. Within this species, some strains possess not only good pro-technological properties but also the ability to produce various bioactive compounds, including GABA. The present review aims, after a preliminary excursus on the function and biosynthesis of GABA, to provide an overview of the current uses of microorganisms and, in particular, of L. plantarum in the production of GABA, with a detailed focus on fermented foods. The results of the studies reported in this review highlight that the selection of new probiotic strains of L. plantarum with the ability to synthesize GABA may offer concrete opportunities for the design of new functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Paventi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (C.D.M.)
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22
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Mullowney MW, Fiebig A, Schnizlein MK, McMillin M, Rose AR, Koval J, Rubin D, Dalal S, Sogin ML, Chang EB, Sidebottom AM, Crosson S. Microbially-catalyzed conjugation of GABA and tyramine to bile acids. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.25.559407. [PMID: 37808758 PMCID: PMC10557584 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol-derived molecules that aid in digestion and nutrient absorption, regulate host metabolic processes, and influence physiology of the gut microbiota. Both the host and its microbiome contribute to enzymatic modifications that shape the chemical diversity of BAs in the gut. Several bacterial species have been reported to conjugate standard amino acids to BAs, but it was not known if bacteria conjugate BAs to other amine classes. Here, we show that Bacteroides fragilis strain P207, isolated from a bacterial bloom in the J-pouch of a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) pouchitis, conjugates standard amino acids and the neuroactive amines γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and tyramine to deoxycholic acid. We extended this analysis to other human gut isolates and identified species that are competent to conjugate GABA and tyramine to primary and secondary BAs, and further identified diverse BA-GABA and BA-tyramine amides in human stool. A longitudinal metabolomic analysis of J-pouch contents of the patient from whom B. fragilis P207 was isolated revealed highly reduced levels of secondary bile acids and a shifting BA amide profile before, during, and after onset of pouchitis, including temporal changes in several BA-GABA amides. Treatment of pouchitis with ciprofloxacin was associated with a marked reduction of nearly all BA amides in the J-pouch. Our study expands the known repertoire of conjugated bile acids produced by bacteria to include BA conjugates to GABA and tyramine and demonstrates that these molecules are present in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Mullowney
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aretha Fiebig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew K Schnizlein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary McMillin
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Amber R Rose
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jason Koval
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sushila Dalal
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ashley M Sidebottom
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sean Crosson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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23
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Yeo XY, Chae WR, Lee HU, Bae HG, Pettersson S, Grandjean J, Han W, Jung S. Nuanced contribution of gut microbiome in the early brain development of mice. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2283911. [PMID: 38010368 PMCID: PMC10768743 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2283911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex symbiotic relationship between the mammalian body and gut microbiome plays a critical role in the health outcomes of offspring later in life. The gut microbiome modulates virtually all physiological functions through direct or indirect interactions to maintain physiological homeostasis. Previous studies indicate a link between maternal/early-life gut microbiome, brain development, and behavioral outcomes relating to social cognition. Here we present direct evidence of the role of the gut microbiome in brain development. Through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we investigated the impact of the gut microbiome on brain organization and structure using germ-free (GF) mice and conventionalized mice, with the gut microbiome reintroduced after weaning. We found broad changes in brain volume in GF mice that persist despite the reintroduction of gut microbes at weaning. These data suggest a direct link between the maternal gut or early-postnatal microbe and their impact on brain developmental programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Yeo
- Lab of Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- Lab of Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ung Lee
- National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han-Gyu Bae
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sven Pettersson
- National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Weiping Han
- Lab of Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Lab of Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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24
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Mulder D, Aarts E, Arias Vasquez A, Bloemendaal M. A systematic review exploring the association between the human gut microbiota and brain connectivity in health and disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5037-5061. [PMID: 37479779 PMCID: PMC11041764 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A body of pre-clinical evidence shows how the gut microbiota influence brain functioning, including brain connectivity. Linking measures of brain connectivity to the gut microbiota can provide important mechanistic insights into the bi-directional gut-brain communication. In this systematic review, we therefore synthesized the available literature assessing this association, evaluating the degree of consistency in microbiota-connectivity associations. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a PubMed search was conducted, including studies published up to September 1, 2022. We identified 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Several bacterial genera, including Prevotella, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Collinsella were most frequently reported in association with brain connectivity. Additionally, connectivity of the salience (specifically the insula and anterior cingulate cortex), default mode, and frontoparietal networks were most frequently associated with the gut microbiota, both in terms of microbial diversity and composition. There was no discernible pattern in the association between microbiota and brain connectivity. Altogether, based on our synthesis, there is evidence for an association between the gut microbiota and brain connectivity. However, many findings were poorly replicated across studies, and the specificity of the association is yet unclear. The current studies show substantial inter-study heterogeneity in methodology and reporting, limiting the robustness and reproducibility of the findings and emphasizing the need to harmonize methodological approaches. To enhance comparability and replicability, future research should focus on further standardizing processing pipelines and employing data-driven multivariate analysis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Mulder
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam Bloemendaal
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Fiebig A, Schnizlein MK, Pena-Rivera S, Trigodet F, Dubey AA, Hennessy M, Basu A, Pott S, Dalal S, Rubin D, Sogin ML, Murat Eren A, Chang EB, Crosson S. Bile acid fitness determinants of a Bacteroides fragilis isolate from a human pouchitis patient. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.11.540287. [PMID: 37214927 PMCID: PMC10197588 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.540287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis comprises 1-5% of the gut microbiota in healthy humans but can expand to >50% of the population in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients experiencing inflammation. The mechanisms underlying such microbial blooms are poorly understood, but the gut of UC patients has physicochemical features that differ from healthy patients and likely impact microbial physiology. For example, levels of the secondary bile acid deoxycholate (DC) are highly reduced in the ileoanal J-pouch of UC colectomy patients. We isolated a B. fragilis strain from a UC patient with pouch inflammation (i.e. pouchitis) and developed it as a genetic model system to identify genes and pathways that are regulated by DC and that impact B. fragilis fitness in DC and crude bile. Treatment of B. fragilis with a physiologically relevant concentration of DC reduced cell growth and remodeled transcription of one-quarter of the genome. DC strongly induced expression of chaperones and select transcriptional regulators and efflux systems and downregulated protein synthesis genes. Using a barcoded collection of ≈50,000 unique insertional mutants, we further defined B. fragilis genes that contribute to fitness in media containing DC or crude bile. Genes impacting cell envelope functions including cardiolipin synthesis, cell surface glycosylation, and systems implicated in sodium-dependent bioenergetics were major bile acid fitness factors. As expected, there was limited overlap between transcriptionally regulated genes and genes that impacted fitness in bile when disrupted. Our study provides a genome-scale view of a B. fragilis bile response and genetic determinants of its fitness in DC and crude bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aretha Fiebig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew K. Schnizlein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Selymar Pena-Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Florian Trigodet
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Abhishek Anil Dubey
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Miette Hennessy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anindita Basu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sebastian Pott
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushila Dalal
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - A. Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Crosson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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26
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Liu Z, Mu C, Zhu W. Metagenomics-based inference of microbial metabolism towards neuroactive amino acids and the response to antibiotics in piglet colon. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1333-1347. [PMID: 37581868 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Gut-derived neuroactive metabolites from amino acids perform a broad range of physiological roles in the body. However, the interaction between microbiota and epithelium in the metabolism of amino acids with neuroactive properties remains unclear in the colon of piglets. To investigate the microbial and epithelial metabolism, metagenomics and mucosal metabolomics were performed using colonic samples from 12 ileum-canulated piglets subjected to a 25-day infusion with saline or antibiotics. We categorized 23 metabolites derived from the metabolism of tryptophan, glutamate, and tyrosine, known as precursors of neuroactive metabolites. Microbial enzymes involved in the kynurenine synthesis via arylformamidase, 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis via putrescine aminotransferase, and tyramine synthesis via tyrosine decarboxylase were identified in Clostridiales bacterium, uncultured Blautia sp., and Methanobrevibacter wolinii, respectively. Antibiotics significantly affected the microbiota involved in tryptophan-kynurenine and glutamate-GABA metabolism. An increase in the relative abundance of putrescine aminotransferase and Blautia sp. correlated positively with an increase in luminal GABA concentration. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the microbial ability to metabolize key amino acids that are precursors of neuroactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Cabirol A, Moriano-Gutierrez S, Engel P. Neuroactive metabolites modulated by the gut microbiota in honey bees. Mol Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37718573 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees have emerged as a new model to study the gut-brain axis, as they exhibit complex social behaviors and cognitive abilities, while experiments with gnotobiotic bees have revealed that their gut microbiota alters both brain and behavioral phenotypes. Furthermore, while honey bee brain functions supporting a broad range of behaviors have been intensively studied for over 50 years, the gut microbiota of bees has been experimentally characterized only recently. Here, we combined six published datasets from metabolomic analyses to provide an overview of the neuroactive metabolites whose abundance in the gut, hemolymph and brain varies in presence of the gut microbiota. Such metabolites may either be produced by gut bacteria, released from the pollen grains during their decomposition by bacteria, or produced by other organs in response to different bacterial products. We describe the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of such metabolites on brain function and behavior and provide further hypotheses to explore in this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Cabirol
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Engel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Nie Q, Sun Y, Li M, Zuo S, Chen C, Lin Q, Nie S. Targeted modification of gut microbiota and related metabolites via dietary fiber. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:120986. [PMID: 37321707 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intake of dietary fiber has been proven to have several beneficial effects in maintaining host homeostasis and health. Here, we investigated the effects of different fibers on gut microbiota and related metabolites in rats. Healthy rats were supplemented with guar gum, carrageenan, glucomannan, β-glucan, arabinoxylan, apple pectin, xylan, arabinogalactan, and xanthan gum, and these dietary fibers exhibited commonality and specificity on gut microbiota and related metabolites. The abundance of Phascolarctobacterium, Prevotella, Treponema, Butyricimonas, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus was selectively increased by different dietary fibers, whereas the abundance of Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides fragilis were decreased by all of these fibers. Indole-3-lactic acid was significantly increased by β-glucan treatment, indicating the relationship between indole-3-lactic acid and Lactobacillus. Furthermore, Some species from Bacteroides were validated to produce indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and kynurenine (such as B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. xylanisolvens). These results provide important information on dietary guidelines based on the modification of gut microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yonggan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Sheng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiongni Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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29
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Arroyo CB, Ocariz MG, Rogova O, Al-Majdoub M, Björck I, Tovar J, Spégel P. A randomized trial involving a multifunctional diet reveals systematic lipid remodeling and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in middle aged to aged adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1236153. [PMID: 37781111 PMCID: PMC10538628 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1236153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A multifunctional diet (MFD) combining foods and ingredients with proven functional properties, such as fatty fish and fiber-rich foods, among others, was developed and shown to markedly reduce cardiometabolic risk-associated factors. Objective Here, we aim at examining metabolic physiological changes associated with these improvements. Methods Adult overweight individuals without other risk factors were enrolled in an 8-week randomized controlled intervention following a parallel design, with one group (n = 23) following MFD and one group (n = 24) adhering to a control diet (CD) that followed the caloric formula (E%) advised by the Nordic Nutritional Recommendations. Plasma metabolites and lipids were profiled by gas chromatography and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results Weight loss was similar between groups. The MFD and CD resulted in altered levels of 137 and 78 metabolites, respectively. Out of these, 83 were uniquely altered by the MFD and only 24 by the CD. The MFD-elicited alterations in lipid levels depended on carbon number and degree of unsaturation. Conclusion An MFD elicits weight loss-independent systematic lipid remodeling, promoting increased circulating levels of long and highly unsaturated lipids. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02148653?term=NCT02148653&draw=2&rank=1, NCT02148653.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maider Greño Ocariz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oksana Rogova
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Juscelino Tovar
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Food for Health Science Centre Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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30
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Sun Y, Mehmood A, Giampieri F, Battino MA, Chen X. Insights into the cellular, molecular, and epigenetic targets of gamma-aminobutyric acid against diabetes: a comprehensive review on its mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37694998 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2255666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease due to impaired or defective insulin secretion and is considered one of the most serious chronic diseases worldwide. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a naturally occurring non-protein amino acid commonly present in a wide range of foods. A number of studies documented that GABA has good anti-diabetic potential. This review summarized the available dietary sources of GABA as well as animal and human studies on the anti-diabetic properties of GABA, while also discussing the underlying mechanisms. GABA may modulate diabetes through various pathways such as inhibiting the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, promoting β-cell proliferation, stimulating insulin secretion from β-cells, inhibiting glucagon secretion from α-cells, improving insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, and increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, further mechanistic studies on animals and human are needed to confirm the therapeutic effects of GABA against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Maurizio Antonio Battino
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Xiumin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Tamés H, Sabater C, Margolles A, Ruiz L, Ruas-Madiedo P. Production of GABA in milk fermented by Bifidobacterium adolescentis strains selected on the bases of their technological and gastrointestinal performance. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113009. [PMID: 37330847 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in producing foods enriched in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), due to their purported health promoting attributes. GABA is the main inhibitor neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, and several microbial species are capable to produce it through decarboxylation of glutamate. Among them, several lactic acid bacteria species have been previously investigated as an appealing alternative to produce GABA enriched foods via microbial fermentation. In this work we report for the first time an investigation into the possibility of utilizing high GABA-producing Bifidobacterium adolescentis strains as a mean to produce fermented probiotic milks naturally enriched in GABA. To this end, in silico and in vitro analyses were conducted in a collection of GABA-producing B. adolescentis strains, with the main goal to scrutinize their metabolic and safety traits, including antibiotic resistance patterns, as well as their technological robustness and performance to survive a simulated gastrointestinal passage. One of the strains, IPLA60004, exhibited better survival to lyophilization and cold storage (for up to 4 weeks at 4 °C), as well as survival to gastrointestinal passage, as compared to the other strains under investigation. Besides, the elaboration of milk drinks fermented with this strain, yielded products with the highest GABA concentration and viable bifidobacterial cell counts, achieving conversion rates of the precursor, monosodium glutamate (GMS), up to 70 %. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the elaboration of GABA enriched milks through fermentation with B. adolescentis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Tamés
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carlos Sabater
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Jackson PPJ, Wijeyesekera A, Rastall RA. Oligofructose alone and in combination with 2'fucosyllactose induces physiologically relevant changes in γ-aminobutyric acid and organic acid production compared to sole 2'fucosyllactose supplementation: an in vitro study. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad100. [PMID: 37653466 PMCID: PMC10481994 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the potential for the prebiotic oligofructose and prebiotic candidate 2'fucosyllactose, alone and in combination (50:50 blend) to induce physiologically relevant increases in neurotransmitter (γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, tryptophan, and dopamine) and organic acid (acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and succinate) production as well as microbiome changes using anaerobic pH-controlled in vitro batch culture fermentations over 48 h. Changes in organic acid and neurotransmitter production were assessed by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography and, bacterial enumeration using fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Both oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose combination fermentations induced physiologically relevant concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate at completion (all P ≤ .05). A high degree of heterogeneity was seen amongst donors in both neurotransmitter and organic acid production in sole 2'FL fermentations suggesting a large responder/nonresponder status exists. Large increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides numbers were detected in oligofructose fermentation, smallest increases being detected in 2'fucosyllactose fermentation. Bacterial numbers in the combined oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose fermentation were closer to that of sole oligofructose. Our results indicate that oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose in combination have the potential to induce physiologically relevant increases in γ-aminobutyric and organic acid production along with offsetting the heterogenicity seen in response to sole 2'fucosyllactose supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Philip James Jackson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anisha Wijeyesekera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Adrian Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
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Rodriguez MT, McLaurin KA, Shtutman M, Kubinak JL, Mactutus CF, Booze RM. Therapeutically targeting the consequences of HIV-1-associated gastrointestinal dysbiosis: Implications for neurocognitive and affective alterations. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 229:173592. [PMID: 37390973 PMCID: PMC10494709 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 50 % of the individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are plagued by debilitating neurocognitive impairments (NCI) and/or affective alterations. Sizeable alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome, or gastrointestinal dysbiosis, may underlie, at least in part, the NCI, apathy, and/or depression observed in this population. Herein, two interrelated aims will be critically addressed, including: 1) the evidence for, and functional implications of, gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis in HIV-1 seropositive individuals; and 2) the potential for therapeutically targeting the consequences of this dysbiosis for the treatment of HIV-1-associated NCI and affective alterations. First, gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis in HIV-1 seropositive individuals is characterized by decreased alpha (α) diversity, a decreased relative abundance of bacterial species belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum, and geographic-specific alterations in Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) spp. Fundamentally, changes in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Bacillota spp. may underlie, at least in part, the deficits in γ-aminobutyric acid and serotonin neurotransmission, as well as prominent synaptodendritic dysfunction, observed in this population. Second, there is compelling evidence for the therapeutic utility of targeting synaptodendritic dysfunction as a method to enhance neurocognitive function and improve motivational dysregulation in HIV-1. Further research is needed to determine whether the therapeutics enhancing synaptic efficacy exert their effects by altering the gut microbiome. Taken together, understanding gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis resulting from chronic HIV-1 viral protein exposure may afford insight into the mechanisms underlying HIV-1-associated neurocognitive and/or affective alterations; mechanisms which can be subsequently targeted via novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason T Rodriguez
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, 1512 Pendleton Street, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Kristen A McLaurin
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, 1512 Pendleton Street, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter Street, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Jason L Kubinak
- Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine Columbia, 6311 Garners Ferry Road, Building 2, Columbia, SC 29209, United States of America
| | - Charles F Mactutus
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, 1512 Pendleton Street, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Rosemarie M Booze
- Cognitive and Neural Science Program, Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, 1512 Pendleton Street, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America.
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Mattoo R, Mallikarjuna S. Soil microbiome influences human health in the context of climate change. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:845-859. [PMID: 37668469 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil microbiomes continue to evolve and shape the human microbiota according to external anthropogenic and climate change effects. Ancient microbes are being exposed as a result of glacier melting, soil erosion and poor agricultural practices. Soil microbes subtly regulate greenhouse gas emissions and undergo profound alterations due to poor soil maintenance. This review highlights how the soil microbiome influences human digestion processes, mineral and vitamin production, mental health and mood stimulation. Although much about microbial functions remains unknown, increasing evidence suggests that beneficial soil microbes are vital for enhancing human tolerance to diseases and pathogens. Further research is essential to delineate the specific role of the soil microbiome in promoting human health, especially in light of the increasing anthropogenic pressures and changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Mattoo
- Divecha Center for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560038, India
| | - Suman Mallikarjuna
- Divecha Center for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560038, India
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Yamada H, Miura H, Suzuki Y, Koike S, Shimamoto S, Kobayashi Y. In vitro Effects of Cellulose Acetate on Fermentation Profiles, the Microbiome, and Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Production in Human Stool Cultures. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:284. [PMID: 37450067 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered as a potential candidate substance that mediates the effects of intestinal bacteria on human mental health. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of water-soluble cellulose acetate (WSCA), a type of cellulose ester, on fermentation and microbial profiles, and GABA production in human stool cultures prepared from fresh feces from volunteers. In addition, the GABA-producing ability of Bacteroides uniformis, which can utilize WSCA, was evaluated in a pure-culture study. All incubations were conducted anaerobically. WSCA supplementation increased (P < 0.05) acetate and propionate production and decreased (P < 0.05) the pH in human fecal cultures. WSCA significantly altered the microbiota, selectively increasing the relative abundance of B. uniformis (P < 0.05). Pure-culture study results revealed that B. uniformis produces GABA, possibly via a glutamate-dependent acid resistance system under low pH conditions. In conclusion, WSCA could be a potential prebiotic material that is fermented by intestinal bacteria and increases short-chain fatty acid and GABA production in the human gut. Bacteroides uniformis might play an important role in both WSCA degradation and GABA production in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shu Shimamoto
- Daicel Corporation, Tokyo Head Office Satellite, Tokyo, 108-0075, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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Ramírez-Tejero JA, Durán-González E, Martínez-Lara A, Lucena Del Amo L, Sepúlveda I, Huancas-Díaz A, Carvajal M, Cotán D. Microbiota and Mitochondrial Sex-Dependent Imbalance in Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Descriptive Study. Neurol Int 2023; 15:868-880. [PMID: 37489361 PMCID: PMC10366818 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a widespread chronic condition characterized by pain and fatigue. Among the long list of physiological disturbances linked to this syndrome, mitochondrial imbalance and oxidative stress stand out. Recently, the crosstalk between mitochondria and intestinal microbiota has caught the attention of biomedical researchers, who have found connections between this axis and several inflammatory and pain-related conditions. Hence, this pilot descriptive study focused on characterizing the mitochondrial mass/mitophagy ratio and total antioxidant capacity in PBMCs, as well as some microbiota components in feces, from a Peruvian cohort of 19 females and 7 males with FM. Through Western blotting, electrochemical oxidation, ELISA, and real-time qPCR, we determined VDAC1 and MALPLC3B protein levels; total antioxidant capacity; secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels; and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides/Prevotella, and Roseburia/Eubacterium ratios; as well as Ruminococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Akkermansia muciniphila levels, respectively. We found statistically significant differences in Ruminococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. levels between females and males, as well as a marked polarization in mitochondrial mass in both groups. Taken together, our results point to a mitochondrial imbalance in FM patients, as well as a sex-dependent difference in intestinal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Carvajal
- Instituto de Medicina Funcional e Integral de Perú, Lima 15073, Peru
| | - David Cotán
- Pronacera Therapeutics S.L., 41015 Sevilla, Spain
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Zou X, Pan L, Xu M, Wang X, Wang Q, Han Y. Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus sakei L-7 in regulating gut microbiota and metabolism. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127438. [PMID: 37399653 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that gut microbiota is inextricably linked to host health and disease,so we are committed to finding more probiotic resources that are beneficial to human health. This study evaluated the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus sakei L-7 isolated from home-made sausages. The basic probiotic properties of L. sakei L-7 were evaluated through in vitro tests. The strain showed 89% viability after 7 h of digestion in simulating gastric and intestinal fluid. The hydrophobicity, self-aggregation and co-aggregation of L. sakei L-7 showed it had a strong adhesion ability. C57BL/6 J mice were fed L. sakei L-7 for 4 weeks. 16 S rRNA gene analysis indicated that intake of L. sakei L-7 increased the richness of gut microbiota and abundance of beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, Allobaculum and Parabacteroides. Metabonomics analysis revealed that beneficial metabolite gamma-aminobutyric acid and docosahexaenoic acid increased significantly. While the level of metabolite sphingosine and arachidonic acid significantly decreased. In addition, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)- 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly decreased. The results suggested that L. sakei L-7 may promote gut health and reduce the occurrence of inflammatory response, it has the potential to become a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, the People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin university, Tianjin 300350, the People's Republic of China.
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Eastwood J, van Hemert S, Poveda C, Elmore S, Williams C, Lamport D, Walton G. The Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on Composition and Metabolite Production of Faecal Microbiota Using In Vitro Batch Cultures. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112563. [PMID: 37299530 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplements are increasingly being used to target the gut microbiome with a view to improving cognitive and psychological function via the gut-brain axis. One possible mechanism behind the effect of probiotics is through alterations to microbially-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and neurotransmitters. However, research to date has largely been conducted in animal models or under conditions irrelevant to the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The aim of the current work was therefore to use anaerobic, pH controlled in vitro batch cultures to (a) assess the production of neuroactive metabolites in human faecal microbiota under conditions relevant to the human GIT, and (b) to explore how several pre-selected probiotic strains may affect bacterial composition and metabolite production. Enumeration of bacteria was assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation with flow cytometry, and concentrations of SCFAs and neurotransmitters were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy, respectively. GABA, serotonin, tryptophan, and dopamine were successfully detected, suggesting some level of microbial derivation. The addition of Lactococcus lactis W58 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus W198 resulted in a significant increase in lactate after 8 h of fermentation, while no significant effect of probiotics on bacterial composition or neurotransmitter production was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eastwood
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Saskia van Hemert
- Winclove Probiotics, Hulstweg 11, 1032 LB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Claire Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Daniel Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
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Blachier F. Amino Acid-Derived Bacterial Metabolites in the Colorectal Luminal Fluid: Effects on Microbial Communication, Metabolism, Physiology, and Growth. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1317. [PMID: 37317289 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Undigested dietary and endogenous proteins, as well as unabsorbed amino acids, can move from the terminal part of the ileum into the large intestine, where they meet a dense microbial population. Exfoliated cells and mucus released from the large intestine epithelium also supply nitrogenous material to this microbial population. The bacteria in the large intestine luminal fluid release amino acids from the available proteins, and amino acids are then used for bacterial protein synthesis, energy production, and in other various catabolic pathways. The resulting metabolic intermediaries and end products can then accumulate in the colorectal fluid, and their concentrations appear to depend on different parameters, including microbiota composition and metabolic activity, substrate availability, and the capacity of absorptive colonocytes to absorb these metabolites. The aim of the present review is to present how amino acid-derived bacterial metabolites can affect microbial communication between both commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, as well as their metabolism, physiology, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAe, UMR PNCA, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Ham S, Kim HJ, Shin N, Hwang JH, Oh SJ, Park JY, Joo JC, Kim HT, Bhatia SK, Yang YH. Continuous production of gamma aminobutyric acid by engineered and immobilized Escherichia coli whole-cells in a small-scale reactor system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 168:110258. [PMID: 37210798 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and a human neurotransmitter. Recently, increasing demand for food additives and biodegradable bioplastic monomers, such as nylon 4, has been reported. Consequently, considerable efforts have been made to produce GABA through fermentation and bioconversion. To realize bioconversion, wild-type or recombinant strains harboring glutamate decarboxylase were paired with the cheap starting material monosodium glutamate, resulting in less by-product formation and faster production compared to fermentation. To increase the reusability and stability of whole-cell production systems, this study used an immobilization and continuous production system with a small-scale continuous reactor for gram-scale production. The cation type, alginate concentration, barium concentration, and whole-cell concentration in the beads were optimized and this optimization resulted in more than 95 % conversion of 600 mM monosodium glutamate to GABA in 3 h and reuse of the immobilized cells 15 times, whereas free cells lost all activity after the ninth reaction. When a continuous production system was applied after optimizing the buffer concentration, substrate concentration, and flow rate, 165 g of GABA was produced after 96 h of continuous operation in a 14-mL scale reactor. Our work demonstrates the efficient and economical production of GABA by immobilization and continuous production in a small-scale reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sion Ham
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jin Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Taek Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Chungchung nam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Human microbiome interact reciprocally with the host. Recent findings showed the capability of microorganisms to response towards host signaling molecules, such as hormones. Studies confirmed the complex response of bacteria in response to hormones exposure. These hormones impact many aspects on bacteria, such as the growth, metabolism, and virulence. The effects of each hormone seem to be species-specific. The most studied hormones are cathecolamines also known as stress hormones that consists of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. These hormones affect the growth of bacteria either inhibit or enhance by acting like a siderophore. Epinephrine and norepinephrine have also been reported to activate QseBC, a quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria and eventually enhances the virulence of pathogens. Other hormones were also reported to play a role in shaping human microbiome composition and affect their behavior. Considering the complex response of bacteria on hormones, it highlights the necessity to take the impact of hormones on bacteria into account in studying human health in relation to human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Luqman
- Biology Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Couvillion SP, Danczak RE, Cao X, Yang Q, Keerthisinghe TP, McClure RS, Bitounis D, Burnet MC, Fansler SJ, Richardson RE, Fang M, Qian WJ, Demokritou P, Thrall BD. Graphene oxide exposure alters gut microbial community composition and metabolism in an in vitro human model. NanoImpact 2023; 30:100463. [PMID: 37060994 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties that make them highly promising for biomedical, environmental, and agricultural applications. There is growing interest in the use of GO and extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to assess its nanotoxicity. Although it is known that GO can alter the composition of the gut microbiota in mice and zebrafish, studies on the potential impacts of GO on the human gut microbiome are largely lacking. This study addresses an important knowledge gap by investigating the impact of GO exposure- at low (25 mg/L) and high (250 mg/L) doses under both fed (nutrient rich) and fasted (nutrient deplete) conditions- on the gut microbial communitys' structure and function, using an in vitro model. This model includes simulated oral, gastric, small intestinal phase digestion of GO followed by incubation in a colon bioreactor. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that GO exposure resulted in a restructuring of community composition. 25 mg/L GO induced a marked decrease in the Bacteroidota phylum and increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (F/B). Untargeted metabolomics on the supernatants indicated that 25 mg/L GO impaired microbial utilization and metabolism of substrates (amino acids, carbohydrate metabolites) and reduced production of beneficial microbial metabolites such as 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and GABA. Exposure to 250 mg/L GO resulted in community composition and metabolome profiles that were very similar to the controls that lacked both GO and digestive enzymes. Differential abundance analyses revealed that 3 genera from the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteroides, Dysgonomonas, and Parabacteroides) were more abundant after 250 mg/L GO exposure, irrespective of feed state. Integrative correlation network analysis indicated that the phylum Bacteroidota showed strong positive correlations to multiple microbial metabolites including GABA and 3-indoleacetic acid, are much larger number of correlations compared to other phyla. These results show that GO exposure has a significant impact on gut microbial community composition and metabolism at both low and high GO concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha P Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Robert E Danczak
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Tharushi P Keerthisinghe
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Ryan S McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meagan C Burnet
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sarah J Fansler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rachel E Richardson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Brian D Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Hu X, Xia K, Dai M, Han X, Yuan P, Liu J, Liu S, Jia F, Chen J, Jiang F, Yu J, Yang H, Wang J, Xu X, Jin X, Kristiansen K, Xiao L, Chen W, Han M, Duan S. Intermittent fasting modulates the intestinal microbiota and improves obesity and host energy metabolism. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:19. [PMID: 37029135 PMCID: PMC10081985 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising paradigm for weight loss which has been shown to modulate the gut microbiota based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Here, 72 Chinese volunteers with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) participated in a three-week IF program during which an average loss of 3.67 kg body weight accompanied with improved clinical parameters was observed irrespective of initial anthropometric and gut microbiota status. Fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention and subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing. De novo assembly yielded 2934 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Profiling revealed significant enrichment of Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron after the intervention, with inverse correlations between their relative abundances and parameters related to obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). MAGs enriched after the intervention showed high richness and diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes, with an increased relative abundances of genes related to succinate production and glutamate fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Hu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Minhui Dai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Fuhuai Jia
- Ningbo Yufangtang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Fangfang Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jieyao Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Institute of Metagenomics, Qingdao-Europe Advance Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, 266555, Qingdao, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Institute of Metagenomics, Qingdao-Europe Advance Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, 266555, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liang Xiao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of Human Intestinal Microbiome, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Mo Han
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of Human Intestinal Microbiome, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Shenglin Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China.
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Hua Y, Huang W, Wang F, Jing Z, Li J, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Metabolites, gene expression, and gut microbiota profiles suggest the putative mechanisms via which dietary creatine increases the serum taurine and g-ABA contents in Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish Physiol Biochem 2023; 49:253-274. [PMID: 36897433 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A 90-day experiment was conducted to explore the effects of creatine on growth performance, liver health status, metabolites, and gut microbiota in Megalobrama amblycephala. There were 6 treatments as follows: control (CD, 29.41% carbohydrates), high carbohydrate (HCD, 38.14% carbohydrates), betaine (BET, 1.2% betaine + 39.76% carbohydrates), creatine 1 (CRE1, 0.5% creatine + 1.2% betaine + 39.29% carbohydrates), creatine 2 (CRE2, 1% creatine + 1.2% betaine + 39.50% carbohydrates), and creatine 3 (CRE3, 2% creatine + 1.2% betaine + 39.44% carbohydrates). The results showed that supplementing creatine and betaine together reduced the feed conversion ratio significantly (P < 0.05, compared to CD and HCD) and improved liver health (compared to HCD). Compared with the BET group, dietary creatine significantly increased the abundances of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, ZOR0006, and Bacteroides and decreased the abundances of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, Vibrio, Crenobacter, and Shewanella in the CRE1 group. Dietary creatine increased the content of taurine, arginine, ornithine, γ-aminobutyric acid (g-ABA), and creatine (CRE1 vs. BET group) and the expression of creatine kinase (ck), sulfinoalanine decarboxylase (csad), guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (gamt), glycine amidinotransferase (gatm), agmatinase (agmat), diamine oxidase1 (aoc1), and glutamate decarboxylase (gad) in the CRE1 group. Overall, these results suggested that dietary supplementation of creatine (0.5-2%) did not affect the growth performance, but it altered the gut microbial composition at the phylum and genus levels, which might be beneficial to the gut health of M. amblycephala; dietary creatine also increased the serum content of taurine by enhancing the expressions of ck and csad and increased the serum content of g-ABA by enhancing the arginine content and the expressions of gatm, agmat, gad, and aoc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Hua
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wangwang Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhao Jing
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Bajic D, Wiens F, Wintergerst E, Deyaert S, Baudot A, Van den Abbeele P. HMOs Exert Marked Bifidogenic Effects on Children’s Gut Microbiota Ex Vivo, Due to Age-Related Bifidobacterium Species Composition. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071701. [PMID: 37049541 PMCID: PMC10097135 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms, thus conferring a health benefit. There is a growing awareness that interpersonal and age-dependent differences in gut microbiota composition impact prebiotic effects. Due to the interest in using human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) beyond infancy, this study evaluated how HMOs [2’Fucosyllactose (2’FL), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3’Sialyllactose (3’SL), 6’Sialyllactose (6’SL)] and blends thereof affect the microbiota of 6-year-old children (n = 6) and adults (n = 6), compared to prebiotics inulin (IN) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). The ex vivo SIFR® technology was used, given its demonstrated predictivity in clinical findings. First, HMOs and HMO blends seemed to maintain a higher α-diversity compared to FOS/IN. Further, while 2′FL/LNnT were bifidogenic for both age groups, 3′SL/6′SL and FOS/IN were exclusively bifidogenic for children and adults, respectively. This originated from age-related differences in microbiota composition because while 3′SL/6′SL stimulated B. pseudocatenulatum (abundant in children), FOS/IN enhanced B. adolescentis (abundant in adults). Moreover, all treatments significantly increased acetate, propionate and butyrate (only in adults) with product- and age-dependent differences. Among the HMOs, 6′SL specifically stimulated propionate (linked to Bacteroides fragilis in children and Phocaeicola massiliensis in adults), while LNnT stimulated butyrate (linked to Anaerobutyricum hallii in adults). Indole-3-lactic acid and 3-phenyllactic acid (linked to immune health) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (linked to gut-brain axis) were most profoundly stimulated by 2′FL and HMO blends in both children and adults, correlating with specific Bifidobacteriaceae. Finally, 2′FL/LNnT increased melatonin in children, while 3′SL remarkably increased folic acid in adults. Overall, age-dependent differences in microbiota composition greatly impacted prebiotic outcomes, advocating for the development of age-specific nutritional supplements. HMOs were shown to be promising modulators in the adult, and particularly the children’s microbiota. The observed HMO-specific effects, likely originating from their structural heterogeneity, suggest that blends of different HMOs could maximize treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Bajic
- Glycom A/S-DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kogle Allé 4, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Frank Wiens
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Eva Wintergerst
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Stef Deyaert
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Baudot
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Pesantes N, Barberá A, Pérez-Rocher B, Artacho A, Vargas SL, Moya A, Ruiz-Ruiz S. Influence of mental health medication on microbiota in the elderly population in the Valencian region. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1094071. [PMID: 37007475 PMCID: PMC10062206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1094071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spain has an aging population; 19.93% of the Spanish population is over 65. Aging is accompanied by several health issues, including mental health disorders and changes in the gut microbiota. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional network linking the central nervous system with gastrointestinal tract functions, and therefore, the gut microbiota can influence an individual’s mental health. Furthermore, aging-related physiological changes affect the gut microbiota, with differences in taxa and their associated metabolic functions between younger and older people. Here, we took a case–control approach to study the interplay between gut microbiota and mental health of elderly people. Fecal and saliva samples from 101 healthy volunteers over 65 were collected, of which 28 (EE|MH group) reported using antidepressants or medication for anxiety or insomnia at the time of sampling. The rest of the volunteers (EE|NOMH group) were the control group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing were applied to determine the differences between intestinal and oral microbiota. Significant differences in genera were found, specifically eight in the gut microbiota, and five in the oral microbiota. Functional analysis of fecal samples showed differences in five orthologous genes related to tryptophan metabolism, the precursor of serotonin and melatonin, and in six categories related to serine metabolism, a precursor of tryptophan. Moreover, we found 29 metabolic pathways with significant inter-group differences, including pathways regulating longevity, the dopaminergic synapse, the serotoninergic synapse, and two amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pesantes
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Barberá
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - Benjamí Pérez-Rocher
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2Sysbio), CSIC-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - Sergio Luís Vargas
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Moya
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2Sysbio), CSIC-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Susana Ruiz-Ruiz
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Susana Ruiz-Ruiz,
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Figueiredo CC, Balzano-Nogueira L, Bisinotto DZ, Ruiz AR, Duarte GA, Conesa A, Galvão KN, Bisinotto RS. Differences in uterine and serum metabolome associated with metritis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3525-3536. [PMID: 36894419 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate differences in the uterine and serum metabolomes associated with metritis in dairy cows. Vaginal discharge was evaluated using a Metricheck device (Simcro) at 5, 7, and 11 d in milk (DIM; herd 1) or 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 DIM (herd 2). Cows with reddish or brownish, watery, and fetid discharge were diagnosed with metritis (n = 24). Cows with metritis were paired with herdmates without metritis (i.e., clear mucous vaginal discharge or clear lochia with ≤50% of pus) based on DIM and parity (n = 24). Day of metritis diagnosis was considered study d 0. All cows diagnosed with metritis received antimicrobial therapy. The metabolome of uterine lavage collected on d 0 and 5, and serum samples collected on d 0 were evaluated using untargeted gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Normalized data were subjected to multivariate canonical analysis of population using the MultBiplotR and MixOmics packages in R Studio. Univariate analyses including t-test, principal component analyses, partial least squares discriminant analyses, and pathway analyses were conducted using Metaboanalyst. The uterine metabolome differed between cows with and without metritis on d 0. Differences in the uterine metabolome associated with metritis on d 0 were related to the metabolism of butanoate, amino acids (i.e., glycine, serine, threonine, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate), glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. No differences in the serum metabolome were observed between cows diagnosed with metritis and counterparts without metritis on d 0. Similarly, no differences in uterine metabolome were observed between cows with metritis and counterparts not diagnosed with metritis on d 5. These results indicate that the establishment of metritis in dairy cows is associated with local disturbances in amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism in the uterus. The lack of differences in the uterine metabolome on d 5 indicates that processes implicated with the disease are reestablished by d 5 after diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Figueiredo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - L Balzano-Nogueira
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - D Z Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - A Revilla Ruiz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - G A Duarte
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - A Conesa
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Paterna 46980, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32603
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
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Zaghloul EH, Abuohashish HM, El Sharkawy AS, Abbas EM, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. Probiotic Potential of the Marine Isolate Enterococcus faecium EA9 and In Vivo Evaluation of Its Antisepsis Action in Rats. Mar Drugs 2023; 21. [PMID: 36662218 DOI: 10.3390/md21010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to obtain a novel probiotic strain adapted to marine habitats and to assess its antisepsis properties using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in rodents. The marine Enterococcus faecium EA9 was isolated from marine shrimp samples and evaluated for probiotic potential after phenotypical and molecular identification. In septic animals, hepatic and renal tissues were histologically and biochemically evaluated for inflammation and oxidative stress following the probiotic treatment. Moreover, gene expressions of multiple signaling cascades were determined using RT-PCR. EA9 was identified and genotyped as Enterococcus faecium with a 99.88% identity. EA9 did not exhibit any signs of hemolysis and survived at low pH and elevated concentrations of bile salts. Moreover, EA9 isolate had antibacterial activity against different pathogenic bacteria and could thrive in 6.5% NaCl. Septic animals treated with EA9 had improved liver and kidney functions, lower inflammatory and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes. The CLP-induced necrotic histological changes and altered gene expressions of IL-10, IL-1β, INF-γ, COX-2, SOD-1, SOD-2, HO-1, AKT, mTOR, iNOS, and STAT-3 were abolished by the EA9 probiotic in septic animals. The isolate Enterococcus faecium EA9 represents a promising marine probiotic. The in vivo antisepsis testing of EA9 highlighted its potential and effective therapeutic approach.
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Zhang Y, Yu W, Zhang L, Wang M, Chang W. The Interaction of Polyphenols and the Gut Microbiota in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245373. [PMID: 36558531 PMCID: PMC9785743 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and play a potential role in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NND) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) due to their unique physiological functions such as acting as antioxidants, being anti-inflammatory, being neuroprotective, and promoting intestinal health. Since dietary polyphenols exist in plant foods in the form of glycosylation or esterification or are combined with polymers, they need to undergo extensive metabolism through phase I and phase II biotransformations by various intestinal enzymes, as well as metabolism by the intestinal microbiota before they can be fully absorbed. Polyphenols improve intestinal microbiota disorders by influencing the structure and function of intestinal microbiota, inducing beneficial bacteria to produce a variety of metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), promoting the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters, and playing an important role in the prevention and treatment of NND by affecting the microbe-gut-brain axis. We review the ways in which some polyphenols can change the composition of the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in AD or PD animal models to exert the role of slowing down the progression of NND, aiming to provide evidence for the role of polyphenols in slowing the progression of NND via the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-82991791
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
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Liang S, Sin ZY, Yu J, Zhao S, Xi Z, Bruzzone R, Tun HM. Multi-cohort analysis of depression-associated gut bacteria sheds insight on bacterial biomarkers across populations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:9. [PMID: 36495344 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbes are associated with the development of depression based on extensive evidence. However, previous studies have led to conflicting reports on this association, posing challenges to the application of gut bacteria in the diagnostics and treatment of depression. To minimise heterogenicity in data analysis, the present meta-analysis adopted a standardised bioinformatics and statistical pipeline to analyse 16S rRNA sequences of 1827 samples from eight different cohorts. Although changes in the overall bacterial community were identified by our meta-analysis, depressive-correlated changes in alpha-diversity were absent. Enrichment of Bacteroidetes, Parabacteroides, Barnesiella, Bacteroides, and Bacteroides vulgatus, along with depletion in Firmicutes, Dialister, Oscillospiraceae UCG 003 and UCG 002, and Bacteroides plebeius, were observed in depressive-associated bacteria. By contrast, elevated L-glutamine degradation, and reduced L-glutamate and L-isoleucine biosynthesis were identified in depressive-associated microbiomes. After systemically reviewing the data of these collected cohorts, we have established a bacterial classifier to identify depressive symptoms with AUC 0.834 and 0.685 in the training and external validation dataset, respectively. Moreover, a low-risk bacterial cluster for depressive symptoms was identified, which was represented by a lower abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, and a higher abundance of Faecalibacterium, Oscillospiraceae UCG 002, Ruminococcus, and Christensenellaceae R.7 group.
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