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Bálentová S, Hnilicová P, Kalenská D, Baranovičová E, Muríň P, Hajtmanová E. Radiation-induced bystander effect on the brain after fractionated spinal cord irradiation of aging rats. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105726. [PMID: 38556052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the so-called bystander effect on metabolic and histopathological changes in the rat brain after fractionated spinal cord irradiation. The study was initiated with adult Wistar male rats (n = 20) at the age of 9 months. The group designated to irradiation (n = 10) and the age-matched control animals (n = 10) were subjected to an initial measurement using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After allowing the animals to survive until 12 months, they received fractionated spinal cord irradiation with a total dose of 24 Gy administered in 3 fractions (8 Gy per fraction) once a week on the same day for 3 consecutive weeks. 1H MRS and MRI of brain metabolites were performed in the hippocampus, corpus striatum, and olfactory bulb (OB) before irradiation (9-month-old rats) and subsequently 48 h (12-month-old) and 2 months (14-month-old) after the completion of irradiation. After the animals were sacrificed at the age of 14 months, brain tissue changes were investigated in two neurogenic regions: the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the rostral migratory stream (RMS). By comparing the group of 9-month-old rats and individuals measured 48 h (at the age of 12 months) after irradiation, we found a significant decrease in the ratio of total N-acetyl aspartate to total creatine (tNAA/tCr) and gamma-aminobutyric acid to tCr (GABA/tCr) in OB and hippocampus. A significant increase in myoinositol to tCr (mIns/tCr) in the OB persisted up to 14 months of age. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based plasma metabolomics showed a significant increase in keto acids and decreased tyrosine and tricarboxylic cycle enzymes. Morphometric analysis of neurogenic regions of 14-month-old rats showed well-preserved stem cells, neuroblasts, and increased neurodegeneration. The radiation-induced bystander effect more significantly affected metabolite concentration than the distribution of selected cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Bálentová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Petra Hnilicová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Dagmar Kalenská
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Muríň
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Hajtmanová
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
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Simmons P, Corley C, Allen AR. Fractionated Proton Irradiation Does Not Impair Hippocampal-Dependent Short-Term or Spatial Memory in Female Mice. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10090507. [PMID: 36136472 PMCID: PMC9503909 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The environment outside the Earth's protective magnetosphere is a much more threatening and complex space environment. The dominant causes for radiation exposure, solar particle events and galactic cosmic rays, contain high-energy protons. In space, astronauts need healthy and highly functioning cognitive abilities, of which the hippocampus plays a key role. Therefore, understanding the effects of 1H exposure on hippocampal-dependent cognition is vital for developing mitigative strategies and protective countermeasures for future missions. To investigate these effects, we subjected 6-month-old female CD1 mice to 0.75 Gy fractionated 1H (250 MeV) whole-body irradiation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory. The cognitive performance of the mice was tested 3 months after irradiation using Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. Both sham-irradiated and 1H-irradiated mice significantly preferred exploration of the novel arm compared to the familiar and start arms, indicating intact spatial and short-term memory. Both groups statistically spent more time in the target quadrant, indicating spatial memory retention. There were no significant differences in neurogenic and gliogenic cell counts after irradiation. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed no significant upregulation or downregulation of proteins related to behavior, neurological disease, or neural morphology. Our data suggests 1H exposure does not impair hippocampal-dependent spatial or short-term memory in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Simmons
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Christa Corley
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Antiño R. Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-686-7553
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Ribeiro FF, Ferreira F, Rodrigues RS, Soares R, Pedro DM, Duarte-Samartinho M, Aroeira RI, Ferreiro E, Valero J, Solá S, Mira H, Sebastião AM, Xapelli S. Regulation of hippocampal postnatal and adult neurogenesis by adenosine A 2A receptor: Interaction with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1362-1381. [PMID: 34043863 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) activation modulates several brain processes, ranging from neuronal maturation to synaptic plasticity. Most of these actions occur through the modulation of the actions of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this work, we studied the role of A2A Rs in regulating postnatal and adult neurogenesis in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Here, we show that A2A R activation with CGS 21680 promoted neural stem cell self-renewal, protected committed neuronal cells from cell death and contributed to a higher density of immature and mature neuronal cells, particularly glutamatergic neurons. Moreover, A2A R endogenous activation was found to be essential for BDNF-mediated increase in cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Our findings contribute to further understand the role of adenosinergic signaling in the brain and may have an impact in the development of strategies for brain repair under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Soares
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo M Pedro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Duarte-Samartinho
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita I Aroeira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Laboratory of Glial Cell Biology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
- University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Leioa, Spain
| | - Susana Solá
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bartley AF, Fischer M, Bagley ME, Barnes JA, Burdette MK, Cannon KE, Bolding MS, Foulger SH, McMahon LL, Weick JP, Dobrunz LE. Feasibility of cerium-doped LSO particles as a scintillator for x-ray induced optogenetics. J Neural Eng 2021; 18:10.1088/1741-2552/abef89. [PMID: 33730704 PMCID: PMC8656171 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abef89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Non-invasive light delivery into the brain is needed forin vivooptogenetics to avoid physical damage. An innovative strategy could employ x-ray activation of radioluminescent particles (RLPs) to emit localized light. However, modulation of neuronal or synaptic function by x-ray induced radioluminescence from RLPs has not yet been demonstrated.Approach.Molecular and electrophysiological approaches were used to determine if x-ray dependent radioluminescence emitted from RLPs can activate light sensitive proteins. RLPs composed of cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO:Ce), an inorganic scintillator that emits blue light, were used as they are biocompatible with neuronal function and synaptic transmission.Main results.We show that 30 min of x-ray exposure at a rate of 0.042 Gy s-1caused no change in the strength of basal glutamatergic transmission during extracellular field recordings in mouse hippocampal slices. Additionally, long-term potentiation, a robust measure of synaptic integrity, was induced after x-ray exposure and expressed at a magnitude not different from control conditions (absence of x-rays). We found that x-ray stimulation of RLPs elevated cAMP levels in HEK293T cells expressing OptoXR, a chimeric opsin receptor that combines the extracellular light-sensitive domain of rhodopsin with an intracellular second messenger signaling cascade. This demonstrates that x-ray radioluminescence from LSO:Ce particles can activate OptoXR. Next, we tested whether x-ray activation of the RLPs can enhance synaptic activity in whole-cell recordings from hippocampal neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2, both in cell culture and acute hippocampal slices. Importantly, x-ray radioluminescence caused an increase in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in both systems, indicating activation of channelrhodopsin-2 and excitation of neurons.Significance.Together, our results show that x-ray activation of LSO:Ce particles can heighten cellular and synaptic function. The combination of LSO:Ce inorganic scintillators and x-rays is therefore a viable method for optogenetics as an alternative to more invasive light delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aundrea F Bartley
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Máté Fischer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Micah E Bagley
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Justin A Barnes
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Mary K Burdette
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, United States of America
| | - Kelli E Cannon
- Department of Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Mark S Bolding
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Stephen H Foulger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, United States of America
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Lori L McMahon
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jason P Weick
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Lynn E Dobrunz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Miry O, Zhang XL, Vose LR, Gopaul KR, Subah G, Moncaster JA, Wojnarowicz MW, Fisher AM, Tagge CA, Goldstein LE, Stanton PK. Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4292. [PMID: 33619310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) composed of high-energy, heavy particles (HZE) poses potentially serious hazards to long-duration crewed missions in deep space beyond earth’s magnetosphere, including planned missions to Mars. Chronic effects of GCR exposure on brain structure and cognitive function are poorly understood, thereby limiting risk reduction and mitigation strategies to protect against sequelae from exposure during and after deep-space travel. Given the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to neurotoxic insult and the importance of this brain region to learning and memory, we hypothesized that GCR-relevant HZE exposure may induce long-term alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. To test this hypothesis, we irradiated 3-month-old male and female mice with a single, whole-body dose of 10, 50, or 100 cGy 56Fe ions (600 MeV, 181 keV/μm) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Our data reveal complex, dynamic, time-dependent effects of HZE exposure on the hippocampus. Two months post exposure, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and learning were impaired compared to sham-irradiated, age-matched controls. By six months post-exposure, deficits in spatial learning were absent in irradiated mice, and synaptic potentiation was enhanced. Enhanced performance in spatial learning and facilitation of synaptic plasticity in irradiated mice persisted 12 months post-exposure, concomitant with a dramatic rebound in adult-born neurons. Synaptic plasticity and spatial learning remained enhanced 20 months post-exposure, indicating a life-long influence on plasticity and cognition from a single exposure to HZE in young adulthood. These findings suggest that GCR-exposure can persistently alter brain health and cognitive function during and after long-duration travel in deep space.
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Cucinotta FA, Cacao E. Risks of cognitive detriments after low dose heavy ion and proton exposures. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:985-998. [PMID: 31120359 PMCID: PMC6606350 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1623427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Heavy ion and proton brain irradiations occur during space travel and in Hadron therapy for cancer. Heavy ions produce distinct patterns of energy deposition in neuron cells and brain tissues compared to X-rays leading to large uncertainties in risk estimates. We make a critical review of findings from research studies over the last 25 years for understanding risks at low dose. Conclusions: A large number of mouse and rat cognitive testing measures have been reported for a variety of particle species and energies for acute doses. However, tissue reactions occur above dose thresholds and very few studies were performed at the heavy ion doses to be encountered on space missions (<0.04 Gy/y) or considered dose-rate effects, such that threshold doses are not known in rodent models. Investigations of possible mechanisms for cognitive changes have been limited by experimental design with largely group specific and not subject specific findings reported. Persistent oxidative stress and activated microglia cells are common mechanisms studied, while impairment of neurogenesis, detriments in neuron morphology, and changes to gene and protein expression were each found to be important in specific studies. Future research should focus on estimating threshold doses carried out with experimental designs aimed at understating causative mechanisms, which will be essential for extrapolating rodent findings to humans and chronic radiation scenarios, while establishing if mitigation are needed.
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