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Eva L, Pleș H, Covache-Busuioc RA, Glavan LA, Bratu BG, Bordeianu A, Dumitrascu DI, Corlatescu AD, Ciurea AV. A Comprehensive Review on Neuroimmunology: Insights from Multiple Sclerosis to Future Therapeutic Developments. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2489. [PMID: 37760930 PMCID: PMC10526343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review delves into neuroimmunology, focusing on its relevance to multiple sclerosis (MS) and potential treatment advancements. Neuroimmunology explores the intricate relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding these mechanisms is vital for grasping the pathophysiology of diseases like MS and for devising innovative treatments. This review introduces foundational neuroimmunology concepts, emphasizing the role of immune cells, cytokines, and blood-brain barrier in CNS stability. It highlights how their dysregulation can contribute to MS and discusses genetic and environmental factors influencing MS susceptibility. Cutting-edge research methods, from omics techniques to advanced imaging, have revolutionized our understanding of MS, offering valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools. This review also touches on the intriguing gut-brain axis, examining how gut microbiota impacts neuroimmunological processes and its potential therapeutic implications. Current MS treatments, from immunomodulatory drugs to disease-modifying therapies, are discussed alongside promising experimental approaches. The potential of personalized medicine, cell-based treatments, and gene therapy in MS management is also explored. In conclusion, this review underscores neuroimmunology's significance in MS research, suggesting that a deeper understanding could pave the way for more tailored and effective treatments for MS and similar conditions. Continued research and collaboration in neuroimmunology are essential for enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Eva
- Clinical Emergency Hospital “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu”, 700309 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Horia Pleș
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Andrei Bordeianu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
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Hossain MK, Davidson M, Feehan J, Deraos G, Nurgali K, Matsoukas J, Apostolopoulos V. Development of Methamphetamine Conjugated Vaccine through Hapten Design: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11. [PMID: 36851217 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (METH) substance-use disorder is an ever-growing global health issue with no effective treatment. Anti-METH vaccines are under investigation as an alternative to existing psychological interventions. This platform has made significant progress over past decades mainly in preclinical stages, and efforts to develop an anti-METH vaccine with a high antibody response are of utmost importance. METHODOLOGY A novel conjugated anti-METH vaccine was developed using METH HCl as the starting material for the design of hapten, a peptide linker consisting of five lysines and five glycines, and finally immunogenic carrier mannan, which is novel to this platform. All the chemical reaction steps were confirmed by several analytical techniques, and the immunogenicity of the developed vaccine was investigated in a mouse model. RESULTS Thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography confirmed the reaction between METH and peptide linker. UV, NMR and color tests were used to confirm the presence of the aldehyde groups in oxidized mannan (OM). The final conjugated vaccine was confirmed by UV and LC-MS. The stability of mannan, the METH hapten, and the final vaccine was evaluated by UV and LC-MS and demonstrated satisfactory stability over 3 months in various storage conditions. Animal studies supported the immunogenicity of the novel vaccine. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed and characterized a novel METH vaccine in vitro and in vivo. The present study findings are encouraging and will form the basis of further exploration to assess its effectiveness to prevent METH addiction in preclinical models.
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Abstract
Recently, there has been increased interest in using mannan as an immunomodulatory bioconjugate. Despite notable immunological and functional differences between the reduced (R-Man) and oxidized (O-Man) forms of mannan, little is known about the impact of mannan oxidation state on its in vivo persistence or its potential controlled release from biomaterials that may improve immunotherapeutic or prophylactic efficacy. Here, we investigate the impact of oxidation state on the in vitro and in vivo release of mannan from a biocompatible and immunostimulatory multidomain peptide hydrogel, K2(SL)6K2 (abbreviated as K2), that has been previously used for the controlled release of protein and small molecule payloads. We observed that O-Man released more slowly from K2 hydrogels in vitro than R-Man. In vivo, the clearance of O-Man from K2 hydrogels was slower than O-Man alone. We attributed the slower release rate to the formation of dynamic imine bonds between reactive aldehyde groups on O-Man and the lysine residues on K2. This imine interaction was also observed to improve K2 + O-Man hydrogel strength and shear recovery without significantly influencing secondary structure or peptide nanofiber formation. There were no observed differences in the in vivo release rates of O-Man loaded in K2, R-Man loaded in K2, and R-Man alone. These data suggest that, after subcutaneous injection, R-Man naturally persists longer in vivo than O-Man and minimally interacts with the peptide hydrogel. These results highlight a potentially critical, but previously unreported, difference in the in vivo behavior of O-Man and R-Man and demonstrate that K2 can be used to normalize the release of O-Man to that of R-Man. Further, since K2 itself is an adjuvant, a combination of O-Man and K2 could be used to enhance the immunostimulatory effects of O-Man for applications such as infectious disease vaccines and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett H Pogostin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Gabriel Saenz
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Carson C Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Erin M Euliano
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Hartgerink
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas77005, United States
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Sun B, Zhang J, Li Z, Xie M, Luo C, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang Y, Jiang D, Yang K. Integration: Gospel for immune bioinformatician on epitope-based therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1075419. [PMID: 36798136 PMCID: PMC9927647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1075419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baozeng Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhikui Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyang Xie
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongkai Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongbo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bio-hazard Damage and Prevention Medicine, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bio-hazard Damage and Prevention Medicine, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Tangdu Hospital, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Damavandi AR, Mirmosayyeb O, Ebrahimi N, Zalpoor H, khalilian P, Yahiazadeh S, Eskandari N, Rahdar A, Kumar PS, Pandey S. Advances in nanotechnology versus stem cell therapy for the theranostics of multiple sclerosis disease. Appl Nanosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chavda VP, Patel AB, Vora LK, Apostolopoulos V, Uhal BD. Dendritic cell-based vaccine: the state-of-the-art vaccine platform for COVID-19 management. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1395-1403. [PMID: 35929957 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A correlation between new coronaviruses and host immunity, as well as the role of defective immune function in host response, would be extremely helpful in understanding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pathogenicity, and a coherent structure of treatments and vaccines. As existing vaccines may be inadequate for new viral variants emerging in various regions of the world, it is a vital requirement for fresh and effective therapeutic alternatives. AREA COVERED Immunotherapy may give a viable protective option for COVID-19, a disease that is currently a big burden on global health and economic systems. Herein, we have outlined three dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines for COVID-19 which are in human clinical trials and have shown encouraging outcomes. EXPERT OPINION With existing knowledge of the virus, and the nature of DC, DC-based vaccines may be proven to be effective in inducing long-lasting protective immunity, especially T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Aayushi B Patel
- Pharmacy Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380058, Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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